#Bioavailability studies

[icbio-blog]

ICBio provides best-in-class services to conduct patient-based bioavailability/bioequivalence studies, PK studies, Clinical Endpoint studies and complicated generic drugs for our drug development clients.

[techbuji]

Bioequivalence Studies in India | Bioavailability Studies In India | Spinos Life Science

Bioequivalence studies are essential in developing generic drugs, ensuring their efficacy and safety are equivalent to innovator drugs. India, a global leader in pharmaceutical manufacturing, plays a pivotal role in conducting bioequivalence studies. With world-class infrastructure, skilled professionals, and cost advantages, India has emerged as a preferred destination for bioequivalence research. This blog explores the significance of bioequivalence studies in India, their regulatory framework, and why India is a trusted hub for global pharmaceutical companies. Bioequivalence studies and bioavailability studies are crucial steps in the pharmaceutical industry. These studies are conducted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of generic drugs, as well as to help in the registration and approval process of new drugs. Bioequivalence studies compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of a generic drug with its reference drug. This means that the two drugs have the same active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and are administered in the same dosage form, route of administration, and under similar conditions. The main objective of these studies is to show that the generic drug is essentially the same as the reference drug in terms of the rate and extent of absorption. This is important because it ensures that the generic drug will have the same therapeutic effect as the reference drug.

[ycoil]

since i should probably keep saying this over and over, like 75% of americans are deficient in magnesium due to economical diets, processed food, and "advances" in third wave farming making food bigger but NOT more nutritious due to a variety of breeding and soil factors, im not gonna bother citing this shit just look it up on the www, its not hard to find.

but symptoms of magnesium deficiency include but are not limited to depression, lethargy, anxiety, disordered sleep, etc. and also if you smoke weed or drink alcohol or do basically any drug that makes you feel good, adderall, meth, etc etc that shit will deplete your magnesium also.

in blind studys magnesium supplementation is actually one of the most effective cures to depression... since so many people are deficient in it

so unless you have the luxury of eating huge amounts of nuts, leafy greens, and fruit, then buy some "magnesium glycinate" and take that shit, start with 200mg-250mg, you can take more, probably up to 500mg at a time, or take that amount divided in one day, like if you take a bunch at once it might make you very sleepy, make sure to AVOID "magnesium oxide" as it is the most common form of magnesium and it will not help with these symptoms because the bio availability is very low (itll help digestion but not much else), magnesium advertised with "max bioavailability" is usually good too, but if you arent sure, just get "magnesium glycinate"

this should be the first thing you try for depression, since its the least consequential to address a vitamin/mineral deficiency than it is to go on some nasty pills the doc will immediately hock at you with laundry list of side effects. and now im not a Licensed Doctor, but i care about you a lot more than most doctors these days will, do your own research before taking supplements people tell you to online, but seriously, give this one a try

[covid-safer-hotties]

Reference saved in our archive

Two cannabinoids work to keep covid from infecting cells. From 2022. Whish there was more or newer study about this.

Abstract

As a complement to vaccines, small-molecule therapeutic agents are needed to treat or prevent infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, which cause COVID-19. Affinity selection–mass spectrometry was used for the discovery of botanical ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Cannabinoid acids from hemp (Cannabis sativa) were found to be allosteric as well as orthosteric ligands with micromolar affinity for the spike protein. In follow-up virus neutralization assays, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid prevented infection of human epithelial cells by a pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and prevented entry of live SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Importantly, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid were equally effective against the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant B.1.1.7 and the beta variant B.1.351. Orally bioavailable and with a long history of safe human use, these cannabinoids, isolated or in hemp extracts, have the potential to prevent as well as treat infection by SARS-CoV-2.

[boyw1fe]

posting here bc i felt like ppl who follow this blog may be interested to know --

i've started to see a lot of fear mongering from transphobes about how it's "dangerous" for trans men/transmascs to chestfeed while on hrt.

this is not true. while subcutaneous injection of T does increase T levels in milk, testosterone has very low oral bioavailability, and so hrt in lactating parents is not shown to affect blood serum levels in infants. (source)

(unfortunately there are only a handful of cases studied, but that's par for the course for a lot of transmasc-centric research. and the evidence is solid, regardless)

[rjzimmerman]

Illustration of natural and anthropogenic sources, sinks and transport pathways of trace substances in coastal ecosystems that may interact with climate impacts. Red arrows indicate expected directions of change due to climate change. Zitoun et al. 2024

Excerpt from this story from EcoWatch:

A new study is warning that trace metals like lead, arsenic and mercury that are present in ocean water can become more toxic over time as factors like ocean warming and acidity can increase the bioavailability of these trace elements.

Although these elements can naturally occur in coastal areas, their concentrations have increased due to human activities like agriculture and industrial manufacturing. Now, scientists warn that problems such as ocean acidification and warming are further strengthening the toxicity and spread of trace elements, both from natural and human sources.

“Human activities have increased the global flow of toxic metals such as lead by tenfold and mercury by three to seven times compared to pre-industrial levels,” Sylvia Sander, professor of marine mineral resources at GEOMAR, said in a statement. “Toxic elements like silver are increasingly detectable in coastal waters, originating from coal combustion and the growing use of silver nanoparticles in antibacterial products.” 

The researchers found that the effects of rising sea levels, ocean warming, melting sea ice, drying river beds and ocean acidification could all play roles in the transport and accumulation of trace elements, particularly those that occur naturally. The researchers published their findings in the journal Communications Earth & Environment.

But trace elements from human sources are also contaminating the environment, with heavy metals coming into the oceans from fossil fuel and industry activities. Further, shipping and plastics can also introduce more trace elements into the oceans, especially because plastics can bind certain metals, including lead and copper.

As ocean temperatures rise, the bioavailability of trace elements increases, meaning it becomes easier for marine life to absorb the trace elements, the researchers explained. Trace elements, especially copper, also experience an increase in bioavailability and solubility in the presence of more acidic water. Copper can become extremely toxic to marine life in higher concentrations. 

In a recent report on planetary vital signs, a team of international scientists confirmed that ocean warming and acidification had reached record extremes in recent years.

[didanawisgi]

Original post by researcher Doris Loh on Facebook:

“Today, I will show you the difference between 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of melatonin on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), one of the most aggressive, rapidly growing and lethal animal cancer models, compared to human cancers.

EAC cells divide rapidly and can double within hours, unlike human cancers. When inoculated into mice, the ‘take-rate’ is almost always 100%. EAC-bearing mice typically do not survive beyond 14 days. The nature of EAC, including rapid proliferation, undifferentiated nature, and tendency to cause ascites are similar to aggressive human cancers such as

➡️ pancreatic cancer,

➡️ glioblastoma,

➡️ inflammatory breast cancer that has poor prognosis due to rapid progression,

➡️ triple-negative breast cancer with its high metastatic potential and aggressive behavior., and

➡️ ovarian cancer with malignant ascites, indicating advanced, aggressive disease [1-4].

Since cancer is now understood to be a disease that is associated with phase separation, with profound impact on the hallmarks of cancer [5].

The successful use of melatonin in cancer inhibition, therefore, is dependent on how it is dosed to modulate phase separation processes used by cancer cells [6].

Take a look at the size of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tissues surgically removed from mice on the 14th day. There are three photos. The first is a tumor taken from without melatonin. The second is a tumor from mice administered with 50 mg/kg melatonin (intraperitoneal injection) for 14 days, and the third photo is a tumor from mice administered with 100 mg/kg melatonin (intraperitoneal injection) for 14 days [7].

How much is 100 mg/kg extrapolated to a human equivalent dose (HED)?

According to the conversion formula in my 2023 peer-reviewed paper that takes into account metabolic rate, body surface area, bioavailability, and route of administration, a 100 mg/kg dose for a 65 kg person translates into approximately 4600 mg melatonin.

This dose is significantly higher than what is currently used in human cancer studies. However, it is still low compared to the supra-pharmacological dose of 266.66 mg/kg administered in drinking water to transgenic AD mice to prevent aggregation of amyloid fibrils and prolong survival [6]. Does that mean that if the authors used 300 mg/kg on the EAC mice, the tumor could have reduced in size further or even disappeared?

Finally, you need to remember that 14 mouse days = approximately 126 human days.

GOT MEL?”

References:

[1] Radulski DR, Stipp MC, Galindo CM, Acco A. Features and applications of Ehrlich tumor model in cancer studies: a literature review. Transl Breast Cancer Res. 2023;4:22. Published 2023 Jul 30. doi:10.21037/tbcr-23-32

[2] Saleh N, Allam T, Abdelfattah A, El-Borai N. Review on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice and cancer treatment with special reference to the potential protective and therapeutic effects of hesperidin versus cisplatin. Journal of Current Veterinary Research. 2022;4(1):47-57. doi:10.21608/jcvr.2022.240866

[3] Mishra S, Tamta AK, Sarikhani M, et al. Subcutaneous Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma mice model for studying cancer-induced cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):5599. Published 2018 Apr 4. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23669-9

[4] Rickard BP, Conrad C, Sorrin AJ, et al. Malignant Ascites in Ovarian Cancer: Cellular, Acellular, and Biophysical Determinants of Molecular Characteristics and Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(17):4318. Published 2021 Aug 26. doi:10.3390/cancers13174318

[5] Wang X, Lu M, Zhang Y, Ma J, Hu Y. Phase separation: A new dimension to understanding tumor biology and therapy. MedComm – Oncology. 2025;4(2):e70018. doi:10.1002/mog2.70018

[6] Loh, D.; Reiter, R.J. Melatonin: Regulation of Prion Protein Phase Separation in Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Molecules 2022, 27, 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/moleules27030705

[7] Yilmaz S, Doğanyiğit Z, Ocak M, et al. Inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth by melatonin: Studies with micro-CT. Oncol Res. 2023;32(1):175-185. doi:10.32604/or.2023.042350

[ilovemasalachai]

Scientific Research and In-Depth Analysis of Chai (Masala Chai): History, Composition, Health Benefits, and Cultural Relevance

Abstract

Chai, scientifically known as a infusion of black tea combined with aromatic spices and milk, is a beverage of Indian origin that has transcended borders and cultures. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of chai, addressing its history, chemical composition, health benefits supported by scientific evidence, and its cultural impact. Scientific studies, historical sources, and anthropological data were reviewed to offer an integrated perspective on this millennia-old beverage.

---

Introduction

Chai, or masala chai, is a beverage that combines black tea with a blend of spices, milk, and sweeteners. Its popularity has spread globally, but its roots lie in the traditional Ayurvedic medicine of India, where it was used as a remedy for various ailments. This article explores the bioactive components of chai, its physiological effects, and its historical and cultural evolution.

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History and Origins of Chai

The consumption of tea in India dates back thousands of years, although black tea (Camellia sinensis) was introduced during the British colonial period in the 19th century. However, the practice of mixing spices with infusions has its roots in Ayurvedic medicine, a traditional healing system dating back over 3,000 years. In Ayurveda, spices such as ginger, cinnamon, and cardamom were considered "dravyas" (medicinal substances) with curative properties.

Evolution of Masala Chai

Masala chai, as it is known today, emerged as a cultural adaptation during British rule. The British promoted tea cultivation in India to compete with China's tea monopoly. However, Indians adapted the beverage by adding local spices and milk, creating a unique version that became a staple of the daily diet.

Global Expansion

In recent decades, chai has gained popularity in the West, particularly in the form of "chai latte," a milder and sweeter version adapted to Western tastes. This globalization has led to increased scientific research on its components and benefits.

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Chemical Composition of Chai

Chai is a complex mixture of bioactive compounds derived from its main ingredients. Below, its key components are broken down:

Black Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Black tea is rich in polyphenols, especially flavonoids such as catechins and theaflavins. These compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. Additionally, it contains theanine, an amino acid that promotes relaxation without sedation.

Spices and Their Active Compounds

- Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Contains gingerols and shogaols, compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiemetic properties.

- Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum): Rich in cinnamaldehyde, which has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects.

- Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum): Contains essential oils such as cineole, which has digestive and antispasmodic properties.

- Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): Source of eugenol, a compound with analgesic and antimicrobial properties.

- Black Pepper (Piper nigrum): Contains piperine, which enhances the bioavailability of other nutrients and has antioxidant properties.

- Star Anise (Illicium verum): Rich in shikimic acid, a precursor of oseltamivir (Tamiflu), with antiviral properties.

Milk and Sweeteners

Milk provides proteins, calcium, and vitamin D, while sweeteners such as sugar or honey provide quick energy. However, excessive sugar can counteract some of the benefits of chai.

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Health Benefits of Chai

The polyphenols in black tea and spices such as cinnamon and clove act as antioxidants, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Studies have shown that regular consumption of black tea can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer (Mukhtar & Ahmad, 2000).

Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Ginger and turmeric (when included) contain bioactive compounds that inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This can be beneficial for people with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (Grzanna et al., 2005).

Regulation of Glucose Metabolism

Cinnamon has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (Khan et al., 2003). This is attributed to cinnamaldehyde, which activates insulin signaling pathways.

Improvement of Digestive Function

Ginger and cardamom stimulate the production of digestive enzymes and improve gastrointestinal motility. Additionally, ginger is effective in relieving nausea and vomiting (Srinivasan, 2007).

Immune System Boost

Clove and star anise have antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Eugenol in clove has been shown to be effective against pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (Chatterjee & Pakrashi, 2003).

Neuroprotective Effects

Theanine in black tea promotes relaxation and improves cognitive function. Additionally, the antioxidants in chai may protect against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

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Cultural and Social Impact of Chai

In India, chai is more than a beverage; it is a symbol of hospitality and community. "Chaiwalas" (chai vendors) are an integral part of the urban and rural landscape, serving fresh chai in "kulhads" (clay cups). This practice reflects the importance of chai in daily life and its role as a facilitator of social interactions.

Globalization of Chai

The popularity of chai in the West has led to the creation of variants such as "chai latte," which is often prepared with commercial concentrates. Although these versions may differ in flavor and nutritional content, they have contributed to the global spread of chai culture.

---

Conclusions

Chai is a multifaceted beverage that combines history, culture, and science. Its ingredients, rich in bioactive compounds, offer a wide range of health benefits supported by scientific evidence. Additionally, its role as a social drink and its adaptation to different cultures underscore its global relevance. Future research could explore the synergies between its components and their long-term health impact.

★

[nutridom]

The #1 Mistake People Make with Vitamin D (Fix It for Better Immunity & Longevity)

Did you know? Over 40% of adults are deficient in Vitamin D, yet most don’t optimize its absorption or pair it with the missing key: Vitamin K2 and MCT oil. If you're serious about longevity, peak performance, and cellular health, this combo is a game-changer. Here’s why. The Biohacker’s Edge: D3 + K2 + MCT Oil 1) Vitamin D3 – The Longevity Hormone • Supports immune function (critical for avoiding chronic inflammation). • Boosts mitochondrial health (energy production at the cellular level). • Linked to longer telomeres (a marker of slowed aging). ❌ Problem: Most D3 supplements are poorly absorbed without fat. 2) Vitamin K2 (as MK-7) – The Calcium Director • Prevents arterial calcification (keeps your heart and blood vessels flexible). • Activates osteocalcin (shuttles calcium into bones, not soft tissues). • Synergistic with D3 – Without K2, high-dose D3 may lead to misplaced calcium. ❌ Problem: Most people get zero K2 in their diet (it’s found in natto, organ meats, and fermented foods). 3) MCT Oil – The Bioavailability Booster • Enhances absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (D3 & K2). • Fuels ketones for brain energy and mental clarity. • Supports gut health (antibacterial properties). ✅ Solution: D3 + K2 in MCT oil = Maximum absorption, longevity benefits, and no wasted nutrients. Why Biohackers & Longevity Enthusiasts Swear By This Stack • Slows biological aging (supports DNA repair & reduces oxidative stress). • Optimizes heart & bone health (prevents age-related stiffness). • Boosts cognitive function (MCT oil + D3 supports brain energy). Science-Backed: Studies show: • D3 + K2 reduces arterial stiffness (Journal of Nutrition, 2015). • MCT oil increases ketones by 3x (perfect for fasted states & mental performance). Upgrade Your Stack Today Most D3 supplements are useless without the right cofactors. If you’re serious about longevity, performance, and disease prevention, this trio is non-negotiable! #VitaminD #VitaminK2 #Biohacking #Longevity #MCTOil #BoneHealth #HeartHealth #ImmuneSupport #Ketosis #AntiAging #Biohacker #NutrientAbsorption #ArterialHealth

[gaast]

A Jerma is a species of the Jermidae family (sometimes called Jermids) that is native to specific areas of Massachusetts. A suspected ninth great ape of the genus Teeftu, Jermids are biologically and evolutionarily related to humans. While the Jerma was first discovered in 1985 and has since been kept in captivity for study and experimentation, little has been revealed or published as a result of these studies, though evidence suggests that experiments are ongoing.

The National Park Service and the Environmental Protection Agency have joint custody over the Jerma, and the former department has sectioned off parcels of land in the Mojave desert to house the creature. Former EPA administrator Bob Perciasepe declared the Jerma "evidence of a link between man and ape that could either prove or reject man's direct creation by God;" in 2005, the Jerma Conservation Act was passed by the U.S. Congress, authorizing the government to take measures to protect Jermids' natural habitats, introduce more readily bioavailable resources to Jermids' environments, and determine Jermids' ideal living conditions and choice of mate. The IUCN considers the Jerma a "critically endangered" animal.

Jermids are known for their unusual vocalizations, odd biology, and "elastic" faces. Pictures of the Jerma performing actions characteristic of the species are often turned into Internet memes, as users find its behaviors both odd and humerous. The Jerma's similarity in many ways to Homo sapiens "often engenders a kind of psychological bonding process characteristic of intraspecies relationships" in humans; this recognition seems to extend also to the Jerma, which has, over time, learned to adopt and affect many human characteristics.

Debates in both philosophy, neuroscience, biology, and other fields still occur over whether the Jerma displays its own intelligence, or whether it simply mimics human behavior due to imprinting that occurred immediately after the Jerma's birth.

[entailglobal]

What is Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection?  Uses, Benefits, and Side Effects

In today’s rapidly advancing medical world, bone health has taken center stage—especially for individuals at risk of fractures and osteoporosis.  One of the notable treatments in this domain is Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection.  Used primarily to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, this medication has gained global recognition for its efficacy.  In this article, we will discuss what Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection is, its uses, benefits, and possible side effects.  We will also highlight its relevance in the pharma industry in India, focusing on the role of Centurion Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.—a key Ibandronic acid 3 mg solution for injection manufacturer, supplier, and exporter in India.

Understanding Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection

Ibandronic Acid belongs to a class of drugs called bisphosphonates, which are designed to prevent the loss of bone mass.  This medication is administered intravenously and is typically given once a month to reduce the risk of fractures, particularly spinal fractures, in individuals with osteoporosis.

The Ibandronic Acid 3 mg solution for injection is a sterile, clear, and colorless solution provided in single-use vials.  It is administered by a healthcare professional to ensure proper dosage and minimize any adverse reactions.

Uses of Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection

Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection is widely used in clinical practice, especially for the following conditions:

1.  Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

This is the most common use of the injection.  Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become fragile and brittle.  Postmenopausal women are at high risk due to hormonal changes that affect bone density.  Ibandronic acid helps to increase bone mass and reduce the likelihood of spinal fractures.

2.  Prevention of Bone Complications in Cancer Patients

Patients with metastatic bone disease, particularly breast cancer patients whose cancer has spread to the bones, can benefit from Ibandronic Acid.  It helps reduce skeletal-related events (SREs) like fractures, spinal cord compression, and the need for bone radiation or surgery.

3.  Paget’s Disease of Bone (Off-label Use)

While not its primary use, some doctors prescribe Ibandronic Acid injections for managing Paget’s disease, a condition that disrupts normal bone recycling.

Benefits of Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection

The medication offers numerous benefits, making it a preferred choice for both doctors and patients.  These include:

1.  Convenient Dosing

Unlike daily or weekly bisphosphonates, Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection is administered once every month, which increases patient compliance and reduces the chances of missed doses.

2.  High Bioavailability

Since it is administered intravenously, the medicine bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring higher and quicker absorption, especially useful for patients with absorption issues.

3.  Proven Efficacy

Clinical studies have shown that Ibandronic Acid can reduce vertebral fractures by up to 50% in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis when used consistently.

4.  Minimal Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Oral bisphosphonates are often associated with GI problems like acid reflux and ulcers.  With intravenous administration, these side effects are significantly reduced.

Side Effects of Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection

Like any medicine, Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection may cause side effects in some patients.  These can be mild or serious, depending on the individual's health condition.

Common Side Effects:

Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, fatigue)

Muscle and joint pain

Headache

Back pain

Rare but Serious Side Effects:

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ):  More likely in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or dental procedures.

Atypical femoral fractures

Renal impairment:  Care should be taken in patients with pre-existing kidney issues.

Patients are advised to stay hydrated and inform their doctor about any pre-existing health conditions or medications to avoid complications.

Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection in India: Manufacturing and Global Supply

India has emerged as a leading hub for pharmaceutical manufacturing, and Centurion Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. is proud to be one of the best pharma companies in India.  As a reputed Ibandronic acid 3 mg solution for injection exporter, we ensure world-class quality, stringent regulatory compliance, and ethical business practices.

Why Choose Us?

1.  Global Quality Standards

Our production facilities adhere to WHO-GMP and ISO certifications, making us a trusted Ibandronic acid 3 mg solution for injection exporter to multiple countries.

2.  Efficient Supply Chain

As a leading Ibandronic acid 3 mg solution for injection supplier, we ensure timely delivery, secure packaging, and consistent product availability, both in domestic and international markets.

3.  Experienced R&D Team

We constantly innovate and enhance our formulations, making us a top contender among pharma manufacturing companies in India.

The Role of the Pharmaceutical Industry in India

The pharmaceutical industry in India is globally recognized for its affordability, scalability, and quality.  It is the world's largest provider of generic drugs and supplies over 50% of global demand for various vaccines and medicines.

As one of the best pharmaceutical companies in India, Centurion Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. contributes significantly to this ecosystem.  Our expertise spans across active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), finished formulations, and specialty injectables like Ibandronic Acid.

Choosing the Right Pharma Partner

When it comes to sourcing critical medications like Ibandronic Acid, it's essential to choose a medicine manufacturing company in India that emphasizes quality, reliability, and patient safety.  With decades of experience, modern infrastructure, and a client-centric approach, Centurion Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. stands tall as the best pharmaceutical industry in India for healthcare professionals and global distributors alike.

We also offer comprehensive contract manufacturing and private labeling services, positioning us as one of the go-to pharma companies in India for customized solutions.

Final Thoughts

Ibandronic Acid 3 mg Injection is a cornerstone treatment for managing and preventing bone-related disorders such as osteoporosis and bone metastases.  With its monthly dosage, excellent efficacy, and fewer side effects, it has become a preferred choice among clinicians worldwide.

At Centurion Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., we are committed to delivering this vital medication with the highest standards of quality and care.  As a top-tier Ibandronic acid 3 mg solution for injection manufacturer, supplier, and exporter, we aim to make advanced treatments accessible to all.

The pharma industry in India continues to shine globally, and with players like us leading the way, the future of healthcare is both promising and sustainable.

Partner with Centurion Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.—your trusted name in global pharmaceutical excellence.

For more information on our product range, export capabilities, or bulk inquiries, feel free to connect with us.

[katiajewelbox]

A flashback to the summer and the luscious red raspberries in the garden. Raspberries (Rubus idaeus) are a universally popular fruit and flavour for desserts and candies, but did you know that the leaves may have medicinal value in women’s health? Fresh or dried raspberry leaves can be steeped in boiling water to make a tangy, refreshing grassy-flavoured tea. The tea prepared from the leaves contain high concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, zinc, antioxidant flavonoids, and ellagic acid (thought to help prevent cancer).

There’s a medical hypothesis that potassium and magnesium deficiency is one of the main underlying factors of PMS, and that’s where raspberry leaf tea can help. People who experience painful menstrual cramps may find drinking raspberry leaf tea during the first days of their period beneficial. The leaves are rich in bioavailable (easily absorbed by the human body) magnesium. Magnesium soothes muscle cramps by relaxing the smooth muscles, which are the type found in the uterus. Raspberry leaves are also high in potassium, and medical studies indicate eating potassium rich foods during your period can help with pain and bloating. Raspberry leaves also contain an alkaloid called fragrine, which may act to relax the smooth muscles of the uterus.

Raspberry leaf tea also has many traditional uses in pregnancy and labor, and there is medical evidence to support that drinking the tea during pregnancy can lower the risk of complications during birth. The medical consensus is that raspberry leaf tea is generally safe, but if you are interested in drinking it during pregnancy please talk to your doctor first.

If you find the plain raspberry leaf tea insipid, try combing it with with green tea, lemon balm, and spearmint for a refreshing drink that’s suitable for all phases of your monthly cycle.

#raspberry#raspberryleaf#raspberryleaftea#raspberryleafteapregnancy#raspberryleafteapms#herbalmedicine#womenshealth#herbalmedicinewoman#pms#herbalpms#herbalmedicineforpms#herbalmedicineforwomen#magnesium#potassium#alkaloid#musclecramprelief#redgreenblue#katia_plantscientist

[artemisthorn]

CW SH, Substance Abuse

The sudden, breathless shudder.

The all consuming shock as the soft tissue inside my face is violated by shattered crystals of caustic chemicals.

In an instant I am present.

In an instant the turbulent, indistinct, confounding bewilderment of my subdued sense of personhood is extinguished.

There is only pain, and the urgent, irrepressible urge to react, to get through that moment.

Complexity and nuance are impossible.

I am simply the survival of that pain, frozen in time.

I know soon there will be so much more, some of it unreplicatable in its unique beauty, some of it unrelentingly despair inducing, always however there is the reassuring and comforting routine. An emotional rehearsal. The grief is as important as the euphoria.

The blade is different, I feel fear and trepidation before, but once I am calm there is no pain. I wait expectantly for the blood, the delay itself; as the vivid red begins to  playfully peek out like a hidden gift, is more painful than the act. Impatiently I pull at the wound, encouraging it to release and yield.

There is a great deal of manual dexterity and technique to properly preparing a crystalline compound to snort it. I am adept at this, I've had more than a decade of regular practice.

The finer the particles the better the adherence to the surface area of the sinuses.

The better bioavailability.

The greater the pain.

The tiny shards, invisibly sharp to the naked eye like snowflakes, can more economically eviscerate the soft tissue and begin dissolving into the blood vessels, melting away the flesh in the process.

If you do this irregularly, it will heal.

I do not.

They do their work, bewitching my neurochemical balance with a siren song of disingenuous satisfaction, peace, safety and healing.

To arrange it neatly in appropriate doses, to do this in a time efficient manner as the frequency and size of the doses increases, to do it with blurred vision, shaking hands and building paranoia pulling your attention away.

This takes skill.

I am clumsy with the blade. It is unfamiliar to me, I feel like I'm trying to learn to paint or draw.

The angle of approach, the specific depth of that part of my body, the necessary pressure to achieve the correct result.

The depth of the wound varies too much, the lack of blood in a particular stroke frustrates me and builds the tension, the insistence of the urge. There is no sense of adept familiarity as I drag it across my flesh.

Perhaps one day it will be as routine as cutting out a line, nearly always neatly uniform and infinitely replicable, regardless of my level of impairment.

Undeniably I find the visual result captivating, arresting, erotic. To become a canvas is a special thing.

Whenever I have attempted to learn to draw before, the uncertainty of where to start has made me hesitant.

I have no such hesitation when I work on this medium, it feels natural.

The key to developing any skill is repetition.

Sucking at something is the first step to being kind of good at it.

While others studied the blade, I studied the debit card.

[hawkeyedflame]

Hello again I'm the anon who asked about the raw meat diet anyways the reason I want to try raw meat/organs (particularly cow, lamb and goat) is because I've read several sources that cooking meat can deplete the nutrition in the meat which my body is in need of (so I've heard). Also I used to eat small chunks of ground beef as a kid and absolutely loved it (I actually prefer meat raw I only like chicken cooked). But I wouldn't do that now as I'm a bit on edge about all the food recalls that have been taking place as of recently in America. So do you have any trusted online sources??

Also curious do you only eat meat just curious?

Thanks again

Hi, I would first say very firmly that, while it's true that cooking does reduce the abundance of some nutrients, it's completely unnecessary to eat your meat raw for nutritional purposes. We have been cooking since before we were Homo sapiens, so it's safe to say we have evolved on cooked meat. I saw a study that actually showed some nutrients are more bioavailable for humans when the meat is cooked, while others are less, which to me indicates we should probably be eating a mix of cooked and raw meats. But if you insist on going straight raw, of course it is possible to minimize, but never eliminate, the risk. I personally can't make any recommendations for online sources, as I have never used any online butchers myself, and additionally I don't want to be responsible if you get sick. There are online grassfed butchers such as BetterFedBeef and Moink, but I would be wary of consuming their products raw unless you do your own due diligence looking into their methods and feel comfortable taking that risk. The best thing to do, as I said, is find a farm in your area that you can visit and see for yourself if it meets your standards of cleanliness.

That being said, humans on a proper diet do have a very low stomach acid pH and theoretically it should be completely safe to eat raw meat if the sourcing is clean. Like I said in the tags on your last ask, I do eat my steaks seared on the outside and raw on the inside, but I also have dug my feet into the soil of the farm where the animals were raised, I know my farmer well and I trust him. I personally would be much less likely to eat my meat raw from an online butcher, even one that claims to have high standards of quality/cleanliness. For myself, I need to see it with my own eyes before I decide to trust it. If you really do want to trust an online source, I would at least encourage you to read their website thoroughly and look for or ask for photos of the farm to verify that it's legit.

And to answer your last question, in my day to day, yes. Very very occasionally I will eat eggs, cheese or butter, but 99.9% of my diet is beef. I find eggs to be sort of boring, and I seem to have problems if I eat dairy too much so I save it for special occasions. Technically they are both carnivore, but they just don't really work for me. Everyone is individual though. Lots of carnivores are all in on beef/other red meat, butter, pork, eggs, poultry, seafood, etc., but that's just not me. Fatty beef is what works best for me, so yeah, I mostly only eat that. But it's not necessary to be that restrictive if you want to include eggs/dairy/seafood. I just found what feels best for me, and you should experiment and find what feels best for you, too!

[audible-smiles]

Most GP vets I know recommend glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation for dog at risk of osteoarthritis. They're both precursors to substances naturally found in cartilage, and the general claim is that supplementation reduces joint inflammation and protects cartilage from damage. Typically these are sold under the names Cosequin or Dasuquin. They're very popular with dog owners, and very commonly sold by both pet stores and vets.

I just went to a talk on osteoarthritis by an orthopedic specialist, and she claimed that these supplements were a waste of money, because they're not very bioavailable. The molecules are too large to make it through the GI system intact, and don't get to the joints where they'd be useful. So they're promising in vitro but aren't clinically useful.

So, rather than take her word for it, I looked it up. I found a 2017 literature review on the subject. Their conclusions are so frustrating that I want to quote directly from the article:

"Despite the trend towards more stringent criteria for veterinary nutraceutical products, the research community continues to conduct and publish novel, low-quality studies without consistent evaluation methods and varying products/doses...

These results are of questionable validity due to several trial shortcomings. First is the absence of therapeutic standardization. The sources of active ingredients, manufacturers of products, formulations, combinations of active ingredients, treatment doses, regimens, and durations of therapy differed significantly between trials. Second, multiple potential sources of bias were present in the trials, including the lack of a standardized follow-up timeframe, unexplained loss to follow-up, flawed study protocols, and incomplete data sets. Moreover, all of the clinical trials relied on subjective outcome measures to some extent, and the absence of standardized owner and veterinarian assessments increased the risk of bias in the reported results and diminished internal study validity.

The trials generally lacked peer review and were at risk of funding bias due to company sponsorship. Finally, there was an overall lack of generalizability of trial results. The trials were small in terms of the number of subjects used and subject baseline characteristics were not always disclosed...

Based on the available literature, the potential benefits of glucosamine and chondroitin use in osteoarthritic canines can neither be confirmed nor denied."

We are still so far behind human medicine in terms of evidence-based medicine...and human medicine is already worse than you'd hope. It's maddening. So in conclusion, I have no idea whether Cosequin/Dasuquin is helpful at all, and neither does anyone else.

[unification]

bro. U seem smart how tf do I even start treating me/cf in myself idk where to even look :(

hey sorry i’m so late getting back to this i’ve been exhausted lol. and wanted to give you a comprehensive response. The things I find are mostly from research articles. what sucks is because the condition isn’t fully understood there are a lot of relevant articles that use different names- cfs/me, post-viral fatigue syndrome (pvfs), long covid, post acute sequelae of SARS—CoV-2. I try to keep up to date and search these terms on pubmed every now and then. Medscape is a good app to quickly see which drugs are being used in clinical trials but i think it might be restricted to med students/ researchers/ clinicians but theres probably some way around that.

if you cbf with all that and just want recommendations: the worst csf/me symptoms for me are definitely neurocognitive and the biggest helper has been modafinil followed by dexamphetamine. i highly recommend some kind of stimulants if you can get your hands on them. other drugs and supplements that have shown high efficacy in studies:

coenzyme q10: i’ve been taking high doses (~900mg; up to 3000mg is recommended for disorders of mitochondrial dysfunction) and I do notice some physical improvement.

creatine monohydrate: 3-5g a day (may take several months to see effects however it’s cheap)

low dose naltrexone- lots of new interesting studies coming out about this. naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist usually prescribed to alcoholics and opioid addicts but also acts as an immunomodulatory agent at low doses. I started 2mg/day as of two days ago.

Zinc- i recommend zinc picolinate for higher bioavailability

B group vitamins- particularly B6, B9 and B12. There are relatively common mutations at the MTHFR gene (that may also contribute to cfs/me) that cause difficulty in metabolising B12 and B9- if you know your MTHFR genotype or experience weird side effects from B vitamins like insomnia or anxiety and paranoia, look into methylated forms (methylcobalamin and 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid).

L-carnitine

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

Methionine

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

i haven't tried the last four yet but i'll be ordering them soon