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#Empire total war mexico
mainsemail · 2 years
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Empire total war mexico
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Capture and execution of Guerrero, defeat of Guerrero's forces.Anastasio Bustamante and Conservatives oust liberal president Vicente Guerrero in 1829.The Edwards flee to the United States (returning later for the Texas Revolution).A larger Mexican garrison established in Nacogdoches.Mexican amnesty for rebels except the Edwards brothers, Martin Parmer, and Adolphus Sterne.Comanches convinced to back down and peace treaty established.Constitution of Colima as Territory of the NationĬomanche tribes (initial plotting support).Tlaxcalans and other Native Indian allies of Spain (1519–1821) Apache gradually defeated in Mexico and the United States.Part of the Mexican Indian Wars and the American Indian Wars Spain recognizes the independence of the United States of Mexico in 1829.Extinction of many tribes in Texas, including the Karankawa, Akokisa and Bidai.Spain would not recognize Mexican independence until signing of Santa María–Calatrava Treaty in 1836Ĭomanche and various Native American tribes.Spain loses the continental area of the Viceroyalty of New Spain with the exception of the port San Juan de Ulúa, Veracruz.First Mexican Empire gains independence from Spain.Mexican victory Mexican defeat Ceasefire or other result Ongoing conflict List Conflict Mexico has been involved in numerous different military conflicts over the years, with most being civil/internal wars. This is a list of wars involving the United Mexican States and its predecessors.
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amadholes-lostre · 25 days
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Countries - North America
I currently working on denominations in Califinity, mainly the two biggest ones. However, I hit a snail due to just trying to think up names for it. Like, GRR Martin said he doesn't bother with it for Westeros' names like The North and King Landing, but I am obsessed with namings. If the name doesn't have meaning, or doesn't looks right, I gonna fucking throw myself off a bridge.
Anyways, right now I focusing on North America states because there are a lot more countries than ours today. And I including Central America and the Caribbeans, because it's still part of North America. I will also talk about UNAC, which is a supernational union similar to today EU (EU was already federalized in bhna contemporary) and superseded NAFTA.
United States of Fredoia
I already talked about Fredoia briefly on my last post, only that it superseded the USA. Fredoia inherited the majority of USA lands (there were time they didn't, thanks to Neo-Confedercy). They did lose many lands due to many Native tribes declaring independence (I will elaborate that later).
Like USA before, Fredoia kept it capital city where Washington, DC was, and like Washington state, its name is change (maybe Unionpolis, very original lol). It incorporated Arlington Country and Alexandra City, giving DC a total land area of 270 km². It population should be around 3 million. It administration level will be called a metropolis-state level: it status is equal along with other states (they are represented at congress), but it functions more as a city.
New York City is also a metropolis-state, incorporating counties and cities in its surroundings, including Hudson Country, NJ(yep, Jersey City included). However, it lost being the biggest in the US (being now 18 mil), Metropolis of Los Angeles is bigger, far bigger (24 mil). Also, they rebuilt Penn Station, now called Empire State Central Station.
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Also, voting systems and constituents' representation are different. It is a proportional representation by parties, meaning Fredoia has a multi-party system. The head of state and head of government is separated, and its government structure is a parliamentary republic like Germany.
Thanks due to quirks, immigration, civil wars, geographical barriers, and the fact that this takes place hundreds of years later, Western and Eastern Fredoia have very different cultures compared to today. How people differentiate West and East is by geographic barriers like how we do so with Mississippi River. The Rocky Mountains Range helped differentiate the two regions.
For one, Latines are now the majority in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and other Western states (maybe not Oregon nor Washington). There are already articles that projected this will happen. What is unique due to the mixture of Latine and Anglo culture, especially the language, created a new ethnicity called Californians (Kalifornán written as gender neutral). They even developed a unique language called Kalifornán in its native language (Kalidán if you read my other post for Dune). It's a mixture of Spanish and English, mainly that Spanish superceded English phonetics and any words that were originally French. However, many English words still remain, words like ín (and), islán (island), lán (land), ríf (river), and such. Also, some letters change due to pronunciations, like Spanish J is now Hr (Juan will spell Hruan), Spanish and English Ch, along with English J is now Ç. The C that pronunced similar to the word city is now S (reason why Frinsica has an S now). I gonna write a post for this.
One key factor for Californians' ethnicity is that the majority are Califinitans. The majority of Fredoia Califinitans are located beyond the Rocky Mountains, with exceptional of Upland South-
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-due to The Great Blooming and the Neo War. Almost all of those in Upland are what I called Deitist: believing that Califia is someway a deity.
There is also a new ethnicity/race called Biras (Birace?Biase?). They are the English version of Mestizos. I was thinking that since interracial is more acceptable, and therefore more biracial children, that will be far more biracial in the future. I will think they will be the majority (maybe 1/3?), though they will likely have different groups depending on their background. Sasha Waybright is likely a Biras, however, this will depend on if her one or both her parents are from the Eastern. She probably will view herself as a Mestiza since she will be a Kalifornana.
I also want to create a different post that focuses only on the State of California.
Native American States
After the Second Civil War, many Native American tribes declared independence. How many, I don't know, and to be honest, I don't think it is more than 10. Right now, I gonna create ones from the US since I more familiar with it. There likely are independent First Nation states in Canada, and there definitely is a Mayan state in the Yucatán Peninsula (and maybe whatever the Zapatistas are controlling now).
Kingdom of Hawaii
This was already a no-brainer as there is already a sovereign movement by Native Hawaiians. Honestly, it is rather they would have a monarchy or republic is the question.
This part is going a bit controversial, but once the USA government kinda just collapsed, there was a lot of chaos in the islands. There was a massive exodus, many who were non-native, who went back to the states. However, there was also an expulsion of other non-native, even those were not white, by Native Hawaiians; there were conflicts between two groups who wanted to either remain in the union or become independent, which led into this. Hawaiia also has a right of return for diaspora Hawaiian like many other countries do.
The capital is still Honolulu. They are a member of UNAC. When Amphibia was transported at the Pacific, Hawaii claimed some islands in its southern water that were uninhibited. There are political tension between the and the Kingdom of Newtopia due to this, and also the fucking megafaunas they traveled to the islands.
Navajo-Hopi Nation
Again, a no-brainer, however, the thing that was a bit shockingto me was that there is another tribe reservation inside Navajo. I was wondering why there was a hole in Navajo until I look at a proper map and saw Hopi in it lol
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(Other reservations in the East likely will be incorporated simply because Navajo-Hopi ask them "hey you wanna join us?")
Honestly, it likely they had the most peaceful transition: it isolated thanks to being in a desert (and behind the Rocky Mountains), there is not that many non-native in it to begin with, there are other issue happening for the USA government to worry about, and the most hilarious reason, is that they never publicly declared independence. They decided to ignore DC and acted like an independent country for either half to nearly a century.
I don't know if Navajo-Hopi should be a binational state or not. Binations don't usually last that long, and there are other non Navajo-Hopis that live in the nation. The capital city is Jeddito, an actual place in Navajo that is inside Hopi. Population in the nation should be around 10-15 mil. NH is part of UNEC.
Republic of Lakotah
Likely the biggest Native country if Alaska isn't independent. It is actually based on a proposal state for Lakota.
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It capital and largest city is Omaha (will go by a different name). The city is right on the tip, and it is the most important city as it is connected with the Mississippi River.
Even though Lakotah is meant for Lakota, there are other Native tribes who emigrated to it. There is likely ethnic tension between Lakota and the other non-Lakotas, but I don't think it won't be as awful as other places.
Of all the native states, Lakotah was the most violent; the country situated in five Republican states. The likely reason how they managed to gain independence is due other tribes from the surrounding coming over to help (similar to Bleeding Kansas). And anti-quirks were not as pivotal or heated compared to Whites (especially Republicans), so while Whites were fighting among themselves about quirks, quirks and non-quirks Native were teaming up.
There is a unique architecture in Lakotah, buildings which are called Tipi. Tipi are small, arcological buildings that are meant to house either 2,000 to 10,000 people. They primarily house people without hurting the environment. They are small, 1/4 to the size of a square kilometer. What is unique is that it is a commune, allowing people to share and control resources via democratically. It's the only place on Earth where they have true communism. How Tipi interspersed the lands is unique because I got the idea from Not Just Bike on his video of Switzerland. Lakotah is a sprawling country, where half the population lived in 5 major cities, and the other half lived in Tipi in said city's region or somewhere else. Instead of having sprawling suburban like the USA and Canada, Lakotah is sprawled by Tipi.
Lakotah land area is 200,00 km², with a population of 55 mil., and Omaha population is 10 mil.
It is also a member of UNAC
Country around Oklahoma
I know for a fact that tribes in Oklahoma declared independence too, the only issue is I don't know a name for it. There are multiple ethnicities in Oklahoma, and there likely need to have a lingua franca.
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I still gonna call it Oklahoma. Oklahoma City is the capital, with a population of around 1-2 mil. The country itself is 15-20 mil. Oklahoma is a member in UNAC.
Maya Republic
Mayas initiated their country during the Dark Age/Vigilant Era, like the four other countries I mentioned. And when i said Maya, I mean Indigenous Mayas , not Mestizos who don't identify as such. The Maya Republic controls Chiapas, Yucatán Peninsula, Belize, and Northern Guatemala.
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I don't know where the capital city will be. Either Mérida in Yucantán, Jovel, or Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Population is likely at 30 million. Maya is a member in UNAC.
The majority of Mayas are likely Califinitans, though I don't know if they will be deitists or nondeitists.
UNAC
UNAC, or United North America Confederacy, is what I said before: a supernational union similar to EU. And I mean similar in many ways.
Border between UNAC members are open, there is a singular currency (called Uneso), no visa required for nationals when working in different countries, UNAC Nationals allowed to vote and stand in office in local government, no restrictions in trading, etc. There is not much standard when it comes to infrastructure. However, they do have major projects for UNAC to feel more connected. Almost all railways in mainland North America are electrified (25kv/50hz), all have standard gauge, have uniformed signals, and are connected. It's theoretically possible to take an hsr (450 kph) line or two from New York City to Panama City. But a more preferrable opition is a Maglev (750 kph) line, which goes directly to either city.
The capital city is at Rio Grande mouth, called Rio Grande City. It picked for a symbolic reason: Rio Grande separated Latin and Anglo culture, the treatment of Mexican, and proxy Latines, by the former USA, and picking the capital on the mouth bonds the two cultures together.
The city population is around 20-25 million. Some interesting things i think up is that there is a lot of bodies of water in Rio Grande City, like what it is today-
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-so the city kinda looks like Venice. There are artificial islands similar to I-Island off the coast, though they are much smaller, likely at average of 10-50 km². There is a pro-hero academy meant for UNAC national students. There is also a Triwizard-like tournament for Pro-heros academies, and it is always hailed in the city.
I think the UNAC government is similar to the EU along with Switzerland. It has two legislative, one voted by population, another by it state government. There is also a commission committee that handed making laws, but I too lazy to look it up. UNAC Senate, the one elected by population, has a degressive proportionality when giving each state senator. Let's be honest, Fredoia will fucking out vote every countries due to having the highest population. Mexico comes in second by population, with maybe a population of either 250-300 mil, but even then, adding all the other countries, they still won't outnumbered Fredoia, even if Fredoia did lost many states before. So, small countries (maybe less of 10 mil?) automatically have 5 senators, and the Senate will apportioned senators accordingly. Likely Fredoia only filled 1/3 of the Senate. The executive branch is a council of each countries head of state and government, like the EU.
Amphibia and the Boiling Isles
Amphibia can't be a member due to it government and representation. Even though Amphibians could elect local leaders, non-Newts can't vote for the supreme legislative body, and the kingdom is a semi-constitution monarchy. Like, UNAC is okay with Hawaii being a monarchy (if Hawaiians choose it) as it government is very much a constitution monarchy. The monarch has restricted power, similar to the British monarch. Andrias has far more privileges that will make UNAC very uncomfortable. There is some trade right between the two, and the Amphibians do have an easier time getting a visa (this I imagine how Hop Pop and two kids manage to enter California).
For BI, it is complicated. BI is situated in the middle of the Atlantic, and therefore does not feel connected to North America. Actually, there's likely tension between UNAC and BI (and likely other countries, especially EU and West Africa countries). Many of the islands block shipping lanes, so conflicts between BI and other countries are likely to happen. Doesn't help they are also do magic and far more non-humanoid like.
Not only that, but BIS are very isolationist. Rarely do they connect with the outside world. Even when Belos becomes emperor, it didn't really change its isolational policy other than scaring other countries because now they are united and far more powerful.
There's nothing else much to talk about. In the EU, they have a similar international pro-hero academy for EU national students to learn together -this is the premise for snk/bnha fic, where 104th class are a pro-hero class (Eren was a non-quirk until his father gifted him one, and not only Ymir (freckles) is from a famous and loving pro-hero parents, but she also in an arranged marriage with Historia, her childhood best friend).
Anyways, that's it.
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justforbooks · 1 year
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The production designer and art director Norman Reynolds, who has died aged 89, concealed a career in Hollywood blockbusters by telling people he made biscuits for a living. In fact, he played an integral role in bringing to fruition two of the most successful franchises in cinema history. As art director in a team that also included the production designer John Barry, his fellow art director Leslie Dilley and the set decorator Roger Christian, Reynolds helped create the Oscar-winning look of the original Star Wars (1977), which was simultaneously spectacular and lived-in. The impression it gave was of a future that had seen better days.
Hired just before Christmas 1975, Reynolds started work only tentatively until the studio gave the green light to this risky project a few months later. Like everyone involved in the movie, he was often asked whether he had any inkling that it was going to change cinema forever. “Most of us, if I’m brutally frank, were just glad to be working,” he said in 2016. “Nobody had any idea that it was going to be the success that it is.” The realisation began to dawn on him as he watched the director George Lucas shooting the robots C-3PO and R2-D2 as they trundled through the desert in Tunisia. “I thought, ‘This is special. This could be something extraordinary.’”
His services were retained for the first two Star Wars sequels, The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983). On the former picture, indisputably the most impressive of the series, his responsibilities included designing the vast freezing chamber, illuminated with bars of orange light and wreathed in smoke, where Han Solo, played by Harrison Ford, is put into suspended animation at the end of the film. Its director Irvin Kershner, who was initially flummoxed when presented with Reynolds’s bold, wall-less blueprints, called it “the best set in the movie”.
Also memorable was the putrid swamp planet of Dagobah, where Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) receives instruction in the mystical Force from the wizened, gnome-like, pint-sized guru Yoda (Frank Oz). For this dank set, Reynolds flooded the studio floor, planted large quantities of the climbing vine known as old-man’s beard, and had the dry ice machine working overtime.
In Lucas’s capacity as co-creator and executive producer of Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), the first in the Indiana Jones series of adventures paying homage to Saturday morning cliffhanger serials, he recommended Reynolds to the film’s director Steven Spielberg. Among his designs was the priceless statue that causes so much trouble in the prologue—for this, Reynolds painted and modified a souvenir found at an airport gift shop in Mexico – as well as the oversized boulder which almost flattens Jones (Ford again), and the cobwebbed, dilapidated jungle temple through which it rolls at great speed.
“We were a bit short of preparation time, and everyone was running all the time,” he recalled. “We were all swept along. All that came out in the film somehow, it had a freshness to it.” Raiders brought him his second Oscar, as well as his only Bafta, both shared with Dilley and Michael D Ford.
Reynolds was born in London, and studied at art college. His path into films came unexpectedly via a job at a company making illuminated signs. Following a commission to supply signs for The Road to Hong Kong (1962), the sixth and final instalment in the Road to … series of capers starring Bob Hope, Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour, he visited Shepperton Studios and was “gobsmacked” by the sets he encountered there. “I was totally hooked, and determined to get into the film industry.”
A year later, he landed a design job at Elstree working on the comedy Come Fly with Me (1963), which was shot largely on a plane inside the studio, with “big puffy clouds made of cotton wool” suspended all around. “I felt that I’d found what I wanted to do,” he said. He then worked for two years on the long-running television series The Saint, starring Roger Moore, before being hired for the James Bond film Thunderball (1965).
He did uncredited art design work on The Battle of Britain (1969) and was assistant art director on Phase IV (1974), Saul Bass’s science-fiction horror film about killer ants. After the success of Star Wars, Reynolds was appointed art director on two further blockbusters, Superman The Movie (1978) and Superman II (1981), and production designer on the disturbing, inventive Wizard of Oz sequel Return to Oz (1985), an undeserved box-office flop.
As executive producer, Spielberg brought him on board for Young Sherlock Holmes (also 1985), directed by Barry Levinson, for which Reynolds built a version of late-19th-century London at Elstree studios, including a frozen replica of parts of the Thames; he also found locations at Eton college, Belvoir Castle in Grantham and Radley college, Oxford. He worked with Spielberg again on the director’s adaptation of JG Ballard’s autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun (1987), set in China during and immediately after the second world war.
Later films included David Fincher’s debut, Alien 3 (1992), with its striking mix of the industrialised and the medieval, and Brian De Palma’s high-tech, big-screen reboot of Mission: Impossible (1996) with Tom Cruise.
Reynolds’s final screen credit was for Bicentennial Man (1999), which starred Robin Williams as a robot who develops human emotions. It was not his most satisfying experience, since he felt that the director Chris Columbus concentrated most of his own energies on the performers and little on the visual elements – a bitter pill to swallow for a man who once called the set “the unspeaking actor”.
He is survived by his wife, Ann, and their three children.
🔔 Norman Reynolds, production designer, born 26 March 1934; died 6 April 2023
Daily inspiration. Discover more photos at http://justforbooks.tumblr.com
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dolce-elegy · 1 year
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Introducing: Renzo Barnes aka REVENANT
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"Oh honey you shouldn't have~..."
The current unwilling avatar of the conveniently slumbering grandmama of all eldritch abominations and the abstract personification of discord itself: KHAOS. Renzo is the resident ultra dramatic, full-tilt diva of the Avengers (well, co-full-tilt divas with Stark) who loves more than anything to mess with people, beat the shit out of nazis (along with so-called “realists” who are nothing more than nazis in a trenchcoat with an anatomically-incorrect symbol), and be the most well-dressed bitch on the team~✨. With both a lust for life and a lust for blood, Renzo is the one you call upon when you need a bit more fire power to take of particularly stubborn enemies; supernatural or otherwise. Now the thing to know about them is that they usually like to “play with their food” and tend to not take things so seriously. However, if you manage to actually piss them off you better pick a God and pray that they finish you off quick instead of taking their sweet time with it. There are worse things than death after all…Normally when they’re not doing the odd superhero work around New York, you can find them either hanging out and having overdrawn fan discussions about the Star Wars prequels with one Peter Parker at their apartment near Empire State University or arguing with Eddie Brock and whining about the listicles they have to write as a Daily Globe intern for their day job. That or practicing for the current semester play their drama department is putting on. Also they tend to help out their “Grandpa” Alexei with some totally “legal” missions much to their mother and father’s chagrin along with teaching Morgan new and exciting swear words in both English, Spanish and Voidspeak to mess with Stark~✌️✨
Full Bio Below 🔽
Full Name: Renzo Yelena Barnes-Romanoff
Alias(es): Revenant (main alias)/Night Spinner (only used during the 5 years post snap as a way to honor Peter)
Nicknames: Ren, "Little Shit," Hot Topic, Life on the Murder Scene, Depeche Mode, Ren Ren (used only by Kobik), Kid (used by Bucky), Little Blackbird or “Маленький дрозд/Malen'kiy drozd” (used by Alexei and Melina), “Femme-Presenting Patrick Bateman,” “Netflix Adaption of Yuno Gasai,” and "RENZO NO"
Age: 23 (in 2027)
Birthday: May 27, 2004 (Gemini)
Face Claim: Indya Moore
Gender: AMAB femme-presenting non-binary
Pronouns: They/Them
Family:
James Buchanan “Bucky” Barnes (Adoptive Father)
Natasha Barnes-Romanoff (Adoptive Mother)
Richard James “RJ” Barnes-Romanoff (Adoptive little brother)
Kobik Rebecca Barnes-Romanoff (Adoptive little sister)
Melina Vostokoff (Adoptive Grandmother)
Alexei Alanovich Shostakov (Adoptive Grandfather who is absolutely proud of Renzo’s pre-teen kill count much to Natasha’s annoyance and Bucky’s horror)
Yelena Belova (Adoptive Aunt)
Anthony Stark (biological uncle because Howard Stark had a bit too much “fun” in Mexico during the 70s)
Virginia Potts-Stark (aunt by marriage)
Morgan Stark (Biological half-cousin)
Steven Grant Rogers (honorary uncle/Godfather)
Samuel Thomas Wilson (honorary uncle/Godfather)
Clint Barton (honorary uncle/Godfather)
Laura Barton (honorary aunt/Godmother)
Appearance: (please note that since one of Renzo’s main abilities is shapeshifting they can technically have any kind of appearance they want. They following is what they “lovingly” call their “default skin”)
Skin color: brown skin with a reddish, summer undertone
Hair: black, full-bodied, spiky and wavy, mid-length hair with 3 distinct cowlicks
Eyes: blood red eyes with a permanent “smoky eye” and eye bags that also do “fun” things like glow, leak out black smoke and/or a black, ink-like substance along with their scleras turning pitch black as well.
Powers: Mediumship, Retrocognition, Empath Abilities, Umbrakinesis, Pyrokinesis, Shapeshifting, Flight/Levitation, Chaos Magic, Teleportation, Enhanced Speed/Strength/Healing Factor
Likes: Iced Coffee, High Fashion, sunglasses (especially if they’re heart-shaped), cheesy 80s movies, old musicals, watching old musicals and movies with Barnes, vintage fashion, charcoal (when you’re the KHAOS proxy you get “interesting” cravings…), hamburgers, french fries, salty foods in general, pocky, bad horror movies, anime, manga, broadway musicals, drama, drama (again but this time it’s theater-related), performing, singing, hot vampires, trying to hook up with vampires and get the big titty goth gf vamp gf of their dreams, gossiping, beating the shit out of and killing nazis/hydra agents/fascists, ABBA, disco in general (is pissed off that they were never around for the 70s and 80s), citypop, messing with Flash Thompson, messing with Mary-Beth Asger (ex-member of a “Christian” cult/proxy to KHAOS’ equally “slumbering” counterpart of Order, who honestly hasn’t completely stopped believing everything that she was taught even though admittedly she’s gotten better and is still your stereotypical, pompous, “nice white girl”), flirting, knives, messing with General Ross, getting to “let loose” (AKA letting their murderous impulses run wild on nazis), messing with “Tio Tony,” constantly shoving in “Tio Tony’s” face that they’d totally be “Team Cap” if they were around for the Airport Fight, honestly just messing with people in general.
Dislikes: egg creams (no matter how hard Barnes tries to make them like it, they refuse to drink it and they think that it’s nasty), ghosts, being able to see ghosts, their “Seer” powers overall, nazis/hydra/fascists, cults, other eldritch abominations in the AMARANTHINE (court of eldritch abominations that KHAOS is technically the head of), KHAOS because they have to clean up their (KHAOS’) messes, Christian cults (i.e. Evangelicals, Fundamentalists), terfs, boring people, boring movies, when people try to pick on Peter and Ned, having to write “listicles” for the Daily Globe, Blade constantly dashing their big titty goth vamp gf dreams
Personality: Theatrical, petty, vengeful, crafty, mischievous, sarcastic, but surprisingly compassionate, and empathetic (whether they like it or not). When not acting like they're trying to go for a Tony award in a notable revival of a classic production, they can be pretty out-there with a little bit of the uncanny valley mixed in. Not to mention, they can be also pretty laid-back and nonchalant; especially when dealing with villains trying for the umpteenth time to take over New York. Additionally, and not surprisingly, due to their background, they can be rather cynical and distrusting; however over the years they have been slowly but surely trying to look more at the bright side of things and give people the benefit of the doubt. However, God forbid you actually piss them off though, because that's when their sadistic side comes out. When that happens, you better pick a God and pray that they decide to kill you at all, let alone kill you quick...
Love Interest: Peter Parker
Bio: Renzo has never had the best time growing up. Born a "Seer" or otherwise known as a medium, they've always been able to see ghosts to their utter displeasure. However, they were the only one in their bio family that could see ghosts and thus was written off as an "insane" problem child by said family. Heavily medicated and then eventually abandoned after the death of their bio parents, Renzo was forced into the foster system at the age of 9. However that didn't last long, as Renzo eventually ran away and the then impressionable 10 year old fell into the clutches of Dr. Darius Titus Solomon and the Esoteric Cult of the Maverick. After being love-bombed to heck and back by Solomon due to their Seer "gifts," Renzo soon became enthralled with him and would literally do whatever Solomon wanted: including becoming an assassin for him.
However that all came to an end when Renzo found out that they were nothing more than a sacrifice and after inadvertently getting their revenge and unwanted new powers, they ran away to New York and became a part of the Parker Family. From there, they went to space, survived the snap, grieved their loss and ended up unexpectedly bonding with James "Bucky" Barnes and Natasha Romanoff. So much so, that a couple of years later after the Snap, Barnes and Romanoff (who ended up getting married themselves) adopted them, and then later on adopted RJ and then Kobik. Now years later, after helping to kick Thanos' ass, losing their memory of Peter and then regaining it; they're currently just trying to survive college and their internship at the Daily Globe, along with dealing with some "interesting" feelings concerning their best friend...
“Fun” Facts:
When they were formally adopted by Barnes and Romanoff, they decided to offer their new parents a chance to give them a middle name to help them better get a clean slate. Romanoff ended up deciding to use “Yelena” to honor her (still dusted at the time) sister, and thus Renzo officially became Renzo Yelena Barnes-Romanoff.
They are the absolute epitome of a theater kid and helped to run the drama club at Midtown High with an iron fist.
They were also surprisingly part of the Midtown High cheer squad and tended to do most of the acrobatic stunts when on the team.
They absolutely detest their mediumship and empath abilities due to making their early life a literal, living hell. It’s not fun when ghosts that only you can see have forgotten the meaning of “no” and try to turn you into their own personal “errand boy” after all. Especially when your own family thinks you’re insane and need to be institutionalized. Not to mention in terms of their empath abilities, it took a long, long time for them to finally get a hold of them. Before they would heavily get overwhelmed by other people’s emotions to the point that it would even influence their own. Though nowadays, if they’re not careful they can still get overwhelmed; especially in a crowd.
Going hand-in-hand with the previously mentioned empath powers: When Thanos first enacted the Snap, they could feel the devastating, vast loss of life in the same way Mantis could...
When they first escaped the Esoteric Order of the Maverick, they lived on the streets for a while trying to avoid any remaining members by constantly traveling. They were 12 when they came to Queens and ran into a sympathetic May Parker who after realizing that they had trauma-related to the foster system, made it her mission to coax Renzo into a stable home environment. It took her over 5 months but she and Peter were finally able to coax them into living with them.
For the longest time before the “Blip” they were basically known as “Parker’s weird, little ‘brother’.”
Has a petty feud with Peter over who’s taller. Back when they were 12, obviously Peter was taller, but then after the Blip, Renzo was the new reigning champ of height. However, during college Peter got a growth spurt and managed to get a couple of inches on them. To which, Renzo immediately used their shapeshifting powers to make them exactly 1 inch taller than Peter.
One of their most precious possessions is an old, black hoodie that Peter gave to them when they first met, after seeing the shivering, pre-teen, ex-assassin in the rain in an alley behind his and May’s apartment. It’s pretty much has become a comfort object for them and they even still wear it around their apartment sometimes to Peter’s surpise no matter how ratty it’s gotten. Even when they lost their memory of Peter, they still kept it and couldn’t bear to get rid of it, even if they couldn’t remember why exactly it was so important to them...
Another valuable possession of theirs was an old burner, flip phone that they had from their days in the cult that during the 2 years they lived with Peter and May became filled with pictures of them, Ned, and MJ. For the longest time it was a symbol of them overcoming their past as a killer and healing from it, and then during the 5 years after the “Blip,” it became a symbol of mourning for them. They ended up using it however on Vormir as a loophole since it was “something” they loved, by throwing it over the edge in order to prevent their mom from sacrificing herself.
Speaking of their time during the “Blip,” they ended up inadvertently going on a “revenge roadtrip” across the western United States with Barnes, Romanoff, Logan, Wade, W’Kabi, and a teenaged Dora Milaje in training called Thandiwe. Basically when they were 16, they found out to their horror, the Order was starting to gain power again, so they were trying to stomp out all of their hideouts during their summer break. At one of said hideouts they ran into Barnes and Romanoff who were trying to wipe out any Hydra remnants, W’Kabi (who was sent out as a War Dog as penance for his betrayal of T’Challa) and Thandiwe (who was also there to keep an eye on him) who were tracking down illegally trafficked vibranium, and Logan and a teenaged Wade, who were trying to get revenge on people in involved in the “Weapon X” program. There all of them found out that they were basically dealing with a “quadfecta” of evil, where the cult and hydra were working together with illegal vibranium and experimenting on mutants to create human weapons. From there they all decided to work together so they can all make sure that all factions of that network were taken down.
During this time, this was also where they, Barnes, and Romanoff first met Kobik, when they came across a mysterious town called “Pleasant Hill”...
For the 5 years after the “Blip” they also became “Night Spinner” as a way to honor Peter, where they even used Peter’s old, original, homemade Spider-Man hoodie. They felt that New York needed a Spider-Man and while they felt they were a poor replacement, they still felt that it was necessary. Stark even hooked up a version of Karen with their outfit too.
A 14 year old Renzo also was given Peter Quil’s zune by Rocket during the “Blip” years due to them reminding Rocket and Kraglin of Quil. During the time they were stranded in space waiting for a rescue with Stark and Nebula, Renzo found the zune and started using it a lot to distract themself. After recovering a bit when they got back to Earth, they tried giving it back to Rocket and Kraglin, who ended up telling them to keep it. For the next 5 years Renzo took care of it and was almost never seen without it Obviously when everyone came back after the final defeat of Thanos, Renzo gave the zune back to Quil; albeit with some extra future funk additions~
To their horror (well more like embarrassment and annoyance), they found out that they were the illegitimate nephew/niece (nephice? niecephew? we really need to come up with something gender neutral that’s not nibling) of Tony Stark when they were 20 during a routine medical checkup at the Avengers complex. Apparently Howard Stark had a bit too much fun in Mexico during the late 70s which ended up producing Renzo’s biological mother. Nobody in their bio family knew about it; not even their egg donor and their bio maternal grandmother took that secret with her to her grave.
Is basically (one-sided) sitcom nemeses with Blade due to the fact that Blade keeps killing all of the hot vampires that they kept trying to hook up with.
Currently has undiagnosed BPD [Borderline Personality Disorder]
Still has “Girls Nights” with Wade and a reluctant Peter.
Constantly gets harassed by KHAOS’ cult and their [KHAOS'] “children” who think that they’re “literally” KHAOS who’s just “playing one of their silly little games with them...”
Can be “bound” via very specific casting sigils/circles which are normally used to essentially put them in a “time out” where they can’t leave until the spell burns out.
Was unfortunately used by Peter to prevent a rage-filled Renzo from murdering Norman Osbourne after Peter spared him, and later prevent a despondent Renzo from stopping him having Strange erase everyone’s memory of him...
When they first went to Empire State University (at age 20 after taking a gap year or two) and still couldn’t remember Peter, they ironically got paired up with him (who after getting his GED and applying like crazy for student aid, scholarships, FAFSA, etc. was able to qualify for student housing) in the dorms. They didn’t understand why they had an immediate camaraderie with him, why Parker always seem to know what they liked, and why they liked spending time with him so much (nor why Parker always looked like he was in pain and about to cry whenever they were spending time together...)
Regained their memory of Peter when a second Spider-Verse event occurred and due to their stint as “Night Spinner” they technically counted as a “Spider-Person.” Peter had been kidnapped by the “Inheritors” and while spending time with Peter 2 and 3 who were confused as to why Renzo didn’t remember them and Peter 1, something in their mind snapped when they tried to think about certain things that didn’t make sense about their “roommate.” That was when after having the absolute worst headache of their life, they finally remembered who Peter was and was absolutely pissed that he went through with erasing their and everyone else’s memory of him. Basically after one-shoting of the Inheritors who were holding their Peter hostage, they initiated a fight with him out of feeling betrayed and the fact that it made them feel like Peter didn’t trust them enough. They did eventually make up though; though Peter had to deal with everyone else remembering who he was since Renzo brute-forcing through Strange’s spell helped MJ, Ned, Happy, and all of his other loved ones remember him. Well at least no one else remembered that he was Spider-man at least...)
While Peter, Ned and MJ went on the school trip to Europe, “lucky” Renzo and Mary-Beth got trapped within Westview and got to be “special guests” on Wandavision due to being in the wrong place and the wrong time (aka Renzo went with Mary-Beth to look at colleges in the Jersey area against their will and only intended to stop in Westview to get something to eat when Wanda had her mental breakdown). Strangely though, while both of them were still forced to follow Wanda’s unconscious machinations, they still retained more of their free will than other Wandavision “cast members”...
Obviously the universe that they occupy has a lot of things go differently than the main MCU universe. For example, instead of Bucky, Sam, and Shuri being one of the people dusted, Steve and Sarah Wilson get dusted instead and Shuri has to try and run Wakanda by herself without her brother nor her mother. Also Alexei doesn’t get dusted either and has to deal without having Melina and Yelena with him.
And since his sister got dusted while leaving her sons alone, Sam had to step up and move down to Louisiana to take care of his nephews (with Bucky and Nat becoming an honorary uncle and aunt).
Also Bucky and Tony managed to begrudgingly come to an understanding and while they’re not “friends” per say Tony doesn’t want to kill him anymore and doesn’t blame him for his parents deaths. He still wants to slap Rogers though...
Of course Bucky and Nat become closer and end up dating and eventually married.
Nat and Tony don’t die. Renzo uses a loophole on Voromir to prevent their mom from sacrificing herself and since Tony “shares’ the load of the Infinity Stones with Nebula (who was the one actually wearing the glove) and with a powered-up Renzo and Mary-Beth (basically another Seer who was a proxy to a slumbering eldritch creature: this time KHAOS’ counterpart: KOSMOS, who was the personification of order/ frenemy of Renzo). Tony still ended up in a coma for a couple of years, and Nebula almost died and was out of commission for a couple of months. Same with Renzo and Mary-Beth.
Also Sam and Steve get married as well when the Blip is reversed and Steve doesn’t go back in time to be with Peggy. Sam still becomes the new Captain America though, and Steve becomes the nephews' cool but dorky, Uncle Steve. Steve also basically becomes a “trophy husband” as he likes to joke and has full on retired but will still be an ornery, stubborn, bastard that tries to unionize everything and protest against injustice.
Extras:
Drawn Reference: https://www.deviantart.com/faint-requiem/art/MCU-OC-Renzo-Barnes-Revenant-937451201
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mariacallous · 9 months
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Over the years, archaeologists have unearthed many offerings at the Templo Mayor, located at the heart of the ancient Aztec, or Mexica, capital of Tenochtitlán and adjacent to contemporary Mexico City’s cathedral. The most recent, the 186th to date, was announced in August: a stone chest filled with objects from the sea and 15 anthropomorphic sculptures in green stone, dating from the reign of Moctezuma Ilhuicamina (1440–69). 
The discovery was made by archaeologists Alejandra Aguirre Molina and Antonio Marín Calvo, working under the direction of Juan Ruiz Hernández of the Proyecto Templo Mayor—an ongoing restoration effort focused on one of the great archaeological landmarks of ancient Mexico. It was founded by Eduardo Matos Moctezuma in 1978 not long after utility workers discovered a statue of the Aztec goddess of the moon, Coyolxauhqui, at the Templo Mayor site. The initiative is currently directed by archaeologist Leonardo López Luján.
The offering was left on a platform on the rear facade of the Huei Teocalli, to use the Nahuatl name for the Templo Mayor, a few centimeters away from an area impacted 123 years ago by the placement of a sewage pipe. The offering box includes 14 anthropomorphic male sculptures and one female figurine. This artifact dates from the time of the first Moctezuma to rule Tenochtitlán, in the middle of the 15th century.
According to the researchers, the sculptures carved from green stone exhibit characteristics of the Mezcala style from the northern highlands of the Mexican state of Guerrero, about 200 miles south of Mexico City. Among these sculptures, one that is 30 centimeters high stands out in contrast to the other figurines that are as small as 3 centimeters tall. All have some unique features, and the style of the figures and their origin in the state of Guerrero has led the archaeologists to speculate that they arrived at the Templo Mayor following the Aztec conquest of the region. Like all Aztec rulers, Moctezuma I Ilhuicamina, whose full name in Nahuatl is Motēuczōmah īlhuihcamīna, was a powerful leader of the civilization which had its capital at Tenochtitlán. He ruled between 1440 and 1469 and was the fifth tlatoani, or ruler of Tenochtitlán. Moctezuma I expanded the territory of his empire through a series of military campaigns and conquests. During his reign, the Triple Alliance (which consisted of Tenochtitlán and the nearby cities of Texcoco and Tlacopan) succeeded in conquering several neighboring peoples and expanding its influence in the Mesoamerican region.
In addition to his military achievements, Moctezuma I is remembered for his focus on the cultural and religious development of Tenochtitlán. He promoted the construction and decoration of many temples and monuments, including the Templo Mayor, the most important ceremonial center of the Mexica civilization. “When the Mexica subdued these peoples, the figurines were already relics, some of them are more than 1,000 years old, and presumably served as cult effigies, which the Mexica appropriated as spoils of war,” explains Luján.
Aguirre and Marín, who also worked with Sofía Benítez Villalobos, a specialist in restoring artifacts, have concluded that, after they were brought to Tenochtitlán, the sculptures underwent a ritual that transformed them and incorporated them into the religious life of Tenochtitlán. They point to traces of facial painting that the Mexica added to the figurines, associated with the god of rain, Tlaloc. In addition to the sculptures, offering 186 included two earrings in the shape of rattlesnakes and a total of 137 beads made of various green stones, accompanied by sand and 1,942 different elements from the ocean including shells, snails, and corals.
Originally from the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, a region subdued by the Triple Alliance in the time of the first Moctezuma, the seashells have been restored, and the responsibility for their biological identification lies with Belem Zúñiga Arellano, a member of the Proyecto Templo Mayor team.
The discovery of this offering builds on archaeologists’ interest in verifying a pattern observed in earlier offerings, specifically 18, 19, and 97. These consisted of stone chests that were buried as part of dedication offerings under monumental serpent heads located on the platform of the Templo Mayor. All these offerings may provide a better understanding of how the Aztecs viewed the Templo Mayor.
“In the classic Nahuatl language, these chests were known as tepetlacalli, from tetl, or stone, and petlacalli, a box made of mats. In their homes, the Mexica would store their most precious belongings—fine feathers, jewelry, and cotton garments—in chests made from petate (a type of palm). If we look at the Templo Mayor, which represents a sacred mountain full of provisions, we can imagine the priests storing in these ‘stone chests’ the quintessential symbols of water and fertility: sculptures of the rain gods, green stone beads, shells, and snails,” López Luján explains.
By 2024, the Proyecto Templo Mayor plans to ask the Archaeology Council of Mexico’s Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, the government body that administers all of the country’s archaeological sites, for permission to temporarily remove a serpent's head located on the northern side of the Templo Mayor. It is likely that even more treasures will soon see the light of day again.
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whileiamdying · 1 year
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Howl
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BY ALLEN GINSBERG For Carl Solomon
I
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked,
dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix,
angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night,
who poverty and tatters and hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water flats floating across the tops of cities contemplating jazz,
who bared their brains to Heaven under the El and saw Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs illuminated,
who passed through universities with radiant cool eyes hallucinating Arkansas and Blake-light tragedy among the scholars of war,
who were expelled from the academies for crazy & publishing obscene odes on the windows of the skull,
who cowered in unshaven rooms in underwear, burning their money in wastebaskets and listening to the Terror through the wall,
who got busted in their pubic beards returning through Laredo with a belt of marijuana for New York,
who ate fire in paint hotels or drank turpentine in Paradise Alley, death, or purgatoried their torsos night after night
with dreams, with drugs, with waking nightmares, alcohol and cock and endless balls,
incomparable blind streets of shuddering cloud and lightning in the mind leaping toward poles of Canada & Paterson, illuminating all the motionless world of Time between,
Peyote solidities of halls, backyard green tree cemetery dawns, wine drunkenness over the rooftops, storefront boroughs of teahead joyride neon blinking traffic light, sun and moon and tree vibrations in the roaring winter dusks of Brooklyn, ashcan rantings and kind king light of mind,
who chained themselves to subways for the endless ride from Battery to holy Bronx on benzedrine until the noise of wheels and children brought them down shuddering mouth-wracked and battered bleak of brain all drained of brilliance in the drear light of Zoo,
who sank all night in submarine light of Bickford’s floated out and sat through the stale beer afternoon in desolate Fugazzi’s, listening to the crack of doom on the hydrogen jukebox,
who talked continuously seventy hours from park to pad to bar to Bellevue to museum to the Brooklyn Bridge,
a lost battalion of platonic conversationalists jumping down the stoops off fire escapes off windowsills off Empire State out of the moon,
yacketayakking screaming vomiting whispering facts and memories and anecdotes and eyeball kicks and shocks of hospitals and jails and wars,
whole intellects disgorged in total recall for seven days and nights with brilliant eyes, meat for the Synagogue cast on the pavement,
who vanished into nowhere Zen New Jersey leaving a trail of ambiguous picture postcards of Atlantic City Hall,
suffering Eastern sweats and Tangerian bone-grindings and migraines of China under junk-withdrawal in Newark’s bleak furnished room,   
who wandered around and around at midnight in the railroad yard wondering where to go, and went, leaving no broken hearts,
who lit cigarettes in boxcars boxcars boxcars racketing through snow toward lonesome farms in grandfather night,
who studied Plotinus Poe St. John of the Cross telepathy and bop kabbalah because the cosmos instinctively vibrated at their feet in Kansas,   
who loned it through the streets of Idaho seeking visionary indian angels who were visionary indian angels,
who thought they were only mad when Baltimore gleamed in supernatural ecstasy,
who jumped in limousines with the Chinaman of Oklahoma on the impulse of winter midnight streetlight smalltown rain,
who lounged hungry and lonesome through Houston seeking jazz or sex or soup, and followed the brilliant Spaniard to converse about America and Eternity, a hopeless task, and so took ship to Africa,
who disappeared into the volcanoes of Mexico leaving behind nothing but the shadow of dungarees and the lava and ash of poetry scattered in fireplace Chicago,
who reappeared on the West Coast investigating the FBI in beards and shorts with big pacifist eyes sexy in their dark skin passing out incomprehensible leaflets,
who burned cigarette holes in their arms protesting the narcotic tobacco haze of Capitalism,
who distributed Supercommunist pamphlets in Union Square weeping and undressing while the sirens of Los Alamos wailed them down, and wailed down Wall, and the Staten Island ferry also wailed,
who broke down crying in white gymnasiums naked and trembling before the machinery of other skeletons,
who bit detectives in the neck and shrieked with delight in policecars for committing no crime but their own wild cooking pederasty and intoxication,
who howled on their knees in the subway and were dragged off the roof waving genitals and manuscripts,
who let themselves be fucked in the ass by saintly motorcyclists, and screamed with joy,
who blew and were blown by those human seraphim, the sailors, caresses of Atlantic and Caribbean love,
who balled in the morning in the evenings in rosegardens and the grass of public parks and cemeteries scattering their semen freely to whomever come who may,
who hiccuped endlessly trying to giggle but wound up with a sob behind a partition in a Turkish Bath when the blond & naked angel came to pierce them with a sword,
who lost their loveboys to the three old shrews of fate the one eyed shrew of the heterosexual dollar the one eyed shrew that winks out of the womb and the one eyed shrew that does nothing but sit on her ass and snip the intellectual golden threads of the craftsman’s loom,
who copulated ecstatic and insatiate with a bottle of beer a sweetheart a package of cigarettes a candle and fell off the bed, and continued along the floor and down the hall and ended fainting on the wall with a vision of ultimate cunt and come eluding the last gyzym of consciousness,
who sweetened the snatches of a million girls trembling in the sunset, and were red eyed in the morning but prepared to sweeten the snatch of the sunrise, flashing buttocks under barns and naked in the lake,
who went out whoring through Colorado in myriad stolen night-cars, N.C., secret hero of these poems, cocksman and Adonis of Denver—joy to the memory of his innumerable lays of girls in empty lots & diner backyards, moviehouses’ rickety rows, on mountaintops in caves or with gaunt waitresses in familiar roadside lonely petticoat upliftings & especially secret gas-station solipsisms of johns, & hometown alleys too,
who faded out in vast sordid movies, were shifted in dreams, woke on a sudden Manhattan, and picked themselves up out of basements hung-over with heartless Tokay and horrors of Third Avenue iron dreams & stumbled to unemployment offices,
who walked all night with their shoes full of blood on the snowbank docks waiting for a door in the East River to open to a room full of steam-heat and opium,
who created great suicidal dramas on the apartment cliff-banks of the Hudson under the wartime blue floodlight of the moon & their heads shall be crowned with laurel in oblivion,
who ate the lamb stew of the imagination or digested the crab at the muddy bottom of the rivers of Bowery,
who wept at the romance of the streets with their pushcarts full of onions and bad music,
who sat in boxes breathing in the darkness under the bridge, and rose up to build harpsichords in their lofts,
who coughed on the sixth floor of Harlem crowned with flame under the tubercular sky surrounded by orange crates of theology,
who scribbled all night rocking and rolling over lofty incantations which in the yellow morning were stanzas of gibberish,
who cooked rotten animals lung heart feet tail borsht & tortillas dreaming of the pure vegetable kingdom,
who plunged themselves under meat trucks looking for an egg,
who threw their watches off the roof to cast their ballot for Eternity outside of Time, & alarm clocks fell on their heads every day for the next decade,
who cut their wrists three times successively unsuccessfully, gave up and were forced to open antique stores where they thought they were growing old and cried,
who were burned alive in their innocent flannel suits on Madison Avenue amid blasts of leaden verse & the tanked-up clatter of the iron regiments of fashion & the nitroglycerine shrieks of the fairies of advertising & the mustard gas of sinister intelligent editors, or were run down by the drunken taxicabs of Absolute Reality,
who jumped off the Brooklyn Bridge this actually happened and walked away unknown and forgotten into the ghostly daze of Chinatown soup alleyways & firetrucks, not even one free beer,
who sang out of their windows in despair, fell out of the subway window, jumped in the filthy Passaic, leaped on negroes, cried all over the street, danced on broken wineglasses barefoot smashed phonograph records of nostalgic European 1930s German jazz finished the whiskey and threw up groaning into the bloody toilet, moans in their ears and the blast of colossal steamwhistles,
who barreled down the highways of the past journeying to each other’s hotrod-Golgotha jail-solitude watch or Birmingham jazz incarnation,
who drove crosscountry seventytwo hours to find out if I had a vision or you had a vision or he had a vision to find out Eternity,
who journeyed to Denver, who died in Denver, who came back to Denver & waited in vain, who watched over Denver & brooded & loned in Denver and finally went away to find out the Time, & now Denver is lonesome for her heroes,
who fell on their knees in hopeless cathedrals praying for each other’s salvation and light and breasts, until the soul illuminated its hair for a second,
who crashed through their minds in jail waiting for impossible criminals with golden heads and the charm of reality in their hearts who sang sweet blues to Alcatraz,
who retired to Mexico to cultivate a habit, or Rocky Mount to tender Buddha or Tangiers to boys or Southern Pacific to the black locomotive or Harvard to Narcissus to Woodlawn to the daisychain or grave,
who demanded sanity trials accusing the radio of hypnotism & were left with their insanity & their hands & a hung jury,
who threw potato salad at CCNY lecturers on Dadaism and subsequently presented themselves on the granite steps of the madhouse with shaven heads and harlequin speech of suicide, demanding instantaneous lobotomy,
and who were given instead the concrete void of insulin Metrazol electricity hydrotherapy psychotherapy occupational therapy pingpong & amnesia,
who in humorless protest overturned only one symbolic pingpong table, resting briefly in catatonia,
returning years later truly bald except for a wig of blood, and tears and fingers, to the visible madman doom of the wards of the madtowns of the East,
Pilgrim State’s Rockland’s and Greystone’s foetid halls, bickering with the echoes of the soul, rocking and rolling in the midnight solitude-bench dolmen-realms of love, dream of life a nightmare, bodies turned to stone as heavy as the moon,
with mother finally ******, and the last fantastic book flung out of the tenement window, and the last door closed at 4 A.M. and the last telephone slammed at the wall in reply and the last furnished room emptied down to the last piece of mental furniture, a yellow paper rose twisted on a wire hanger in the closet, and even that imaginary, nothing but a hopeful little bit of hallucination—
ah, Carl, while you are not safe I am not safe, and now you’re really in the total animal soup of time—
and who therefore ran through the icy streets obsessed with a sudden flash of the alchemy of the use of the ellipsis catalogue a variable measure and the vibrating plane,
who dreamt and made incarnate gaps in Time & Space through images juxtaposed, and trapped the archangel of the soul between 2 visual images and joined the elemental verbs and set the noun and dash of consciousness together jumping with sensation of Pater Omnipotens Aeterna Deus
to recreate the syntax and measure of poor human prose and stand before you speechless and intelligent and shaking with shame, rejected yet confessing out the soul to conform to the rhythm of thought in his naked and endless head,
the madman bum and angel beat in Time, unknown, yet putting down here what might be left to say in time come after death,
and rose reincarnate in the ghostly clothes of jazz in the goldhorn shadow of the band and blew the suffering of America’s naked mind for love into an eli eli lamma lamma sabacthani saxophone cry that shivered the cities down to the last radio
with the absolute heart of the poem of life butchered out of their own bodies good to eat a thousand years.
II
What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagination?
Moloch! Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unobtainable dollars! Children screaming under the stairways! Boys sobbing in armies! Old men weeping in the parks!
Moloch! Moloch! Nightmare of Moloch! Moloch the loveless! Mental Moloch! Moloch the heavy judger of men!
Moloch the incomprehensible prison! Moloch the crossbone soulless jailhouse and Congress of sorrows! Moloch whose buildings are judgment! Moloch the vast stone of war! Moloch the stunned governments!
Moloch whose mind is pure machinery! Moloch whose blood is running money! Moloch whose fingers are ten armies! Moloch whose breast is a cannibal dynamo! Moloch whose ear is a smoking tomb!
Moloch whose eyes are a thousand blind windows! Moloch whose skyscrapers stand in the long streets like endless Jehovahs! Moloch whose factories dream and croak in the fog! Moloch whose smoke-stacks and antennae crown the cities!
Moloch whose love is endless oil and stone! Moloch whose soul is electricity and banks! Moloch whose poverty is the specter of genius! Moloch whose fate is a cloud of sexless hydrogen! Moloch whose name is the Mind!
Moloch in whom I sit lonely! Moloch in whom I dream Angels! Crazy in Moloch! Cocksucker in Moloch! Lacklove and manless in Moloch!
Moloch who entered my soul early! Moloch in whom I am a consciousness without a body! Moloch who frightened me out of my natural ecstasy! Moloch whom I abandon! Wake up in Moloch! Light streaming out of the sky!
Moloch! Moloch! Robot apartments! invisible suburbs! skeleton treasuries! blind capitals! demonic industries! spectral nations! invincible madhouses! granite cocks! monstrous bombs!
They broke their backs lifting Moloch to Heaven! Pavements, trees, radios, tons! lifting the city to Heaven which exists and is everywhere about us!
Visions! omens! hallucinations! miracles! ecstasies! gone down the American river!
Dreams! adorations! illuminations! religions! the whole boatload of sensitive bullshit!
Breakthroughs! over the river! flips and crucifixions! gone down the flood! Highs! Epiphanies! Despairs! Ten years’ animal screams and suicides! Minds! New loves! Mad generation! down on the rocks of Time!
Real holy laughter in the river! They saw it all! the wild eyes! the holy yells! They bade farewell! They jumped off the roof! to solitude! waving! carrying flowers! Down to the river! into the street!
III
Carl Solomon! I’m with you in Rockland    where you’re madder than I am I’m with you in Rockland    where you must feel very strange I’m with you in Rockland    where you imitate the shade of my mother I’m with you in Rockland    where you’ve murdered your twelve secretaries I’m with you in Rockland    where you laugh at this invisible humor I’m with you in Rockland    where we are great writers on the same dreadful typewriter I’m with you in Rockland    where your condition has become serious and is reported on the radio I’m with you in Rockland    where the faculties of the skull no longer admit the worms of the senses I'm with you in Rockland    where you drink the tea of the breasts of the spinsters of Utica I’m with you in Rockland    where you pun on the bodies of your nurses the harpies of the Bronx I’m with you in Rockland    where you scream in a straightjacket that you’re losing the game of the actual pingpong of the abyss I’m with you in Rockland    where you bang on the catatonic piano the soul is innocent and immortal it should never die ungodly in an armed madhouse I’m with you in Rockland    where fifty more shocks will never return your soul to its body again from its pilgrimage to a cross in the void I’m with you in Rockland    where you accuse your doctors of insanity and plot the Hebrew socialist revolution against the fascist national Golgotha I’m with you in Rockland    where you will split the heavens of Long Island and resurrect your living human Jesus from the superhuman tomb I’m with you in Rockland    where there are twentyfive thousand mad comrades all together singing the final stanzas of the Internationale I’m with you in Rockland    where we hug and kiss the United States under our bedsheets the United States that coughs all night and won’t let us sleep I’m with you in Rockland    where we wake up electrified out of the coma by our own souls’ airplanes roaring over the roof they’ve come to drop angelic bombs the hospital illuminates itself    imaginary walls collapse    O skinny legions run outside    O starry-spangled shock of mercy the eternal war is here    O victory forget your underwear we’re free I’m with you in Rockland    in my dreams you walk dripping from a sea-journey on the highway across America in tears to the door of my cottage in the Western night
San Francisco, 1955—1956
Notes: Read “A Footnote to 'Howl” here. Allen Ginsberg, “Howl” from Collected Poems, 1947-1980. Copyright © 1984 by Allen Ginsberg. Used with the permission of HarperCollins Publishers.
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miranda-javid · 1 year
Text
Howl
BY ALLEN GINSBERG
For Carl Solomon
I
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked,
dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix,
angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night,
who poverty and tatters and hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water flats floating across the tops of cities contemplating jazz,
who bared their brains to Heaven under the El and saw Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs illuminated,
who passed through universities with radiant cool eyes hallucinating Arkansas and Blake-light tragedy among the scholars of war,
who were expelled from the academies for crazy & publishing obscene odes on the windows of the skull,
who cowered in unshaven rooms in underwear, burning their money in wastebaskets and listening to the Terror through the wall,
who got busted in their pubic beards returning through Laredo with a belt of marijuana for New York,
who ate fire in paint hotels or drank turpentine in Paradise Alley, death, or purgatoried their torsos night after night
with dreams, with drugs, with waking nightmares, alcohol and cock and endless balls,
incomparable blind streets of shuddering cloud and lightning in the mind leaping toward poles of Canada & Paterson, illuminating all the motionless world of Time between,
Peyote solidities of halls, backyard green tree cemetery dawns, wine drunkenness over the rooftops, storefront boroughs of teahead joyride neon blinking traffic light, sun and moon and tree vibrations in the roaring winter dusks of Brooklyn, ashcan rantings and kind king light of mind,
who chained themselves to subways for the endless ride from Battery to holy Bronx on benzedrine until the noise of wheels and children brought them down shuddering mouth-wracked and battered bleak of brain all drained of brilliance in the drear light of Zoo,
who sank all night in submarine light of Bickford’s floated out and sat through the stale beer afternoon in desolate Fugazzi’s, listening to the crack of doom on the hydrogen jukebox,
who talked continuously seventy hours from park to pad to bar to Bellevue to museum to the Brooklyn Bridge,
a lost battalion of platonic conversationalists jumping down the stoops off fire escapes off windowsills off Empire State out of the moon,
yacketayakking screaming vomiting whispering facts and memories and anecdotes and eyeball kicks and shocks of hospitals and jails and wars,
whole intellects disgorged in total recall for seven days and nights with brilliant eyes, meat for the Synagogue cast on the pavement,
who vanished into nowhere Zen New Jersey leaving a trail of ambiguous picture postcards of Atlantic City Hall,
suffering Eastern sweats and Tangerian bone-grindings and migraines of China under junk-withdrawal in Newark’s bleak furnished room,   
who wandered around and around at midnight in the railroad yard wondering where to go, and went, leaving no broken hearts,
who lit cigarettes in boxcars boxcars boxcars racketing through snow toward lonesome farms in grandfather night,
who studied Plotinus Poe St. John of the Cross telepathy and bop kabbalah because the cosmos instinctively vibrated at their feet in Kansas,   
who loned it through the streets of Idaho seeking visionary indian angels who were visionary indian angels,
who thought they were only mad when Baltimore gleamed in supernatural ecstasy,
who jumped in limousines with the Chinaman of Oklahoma on the impulse of winter midnight streetlight smalltown rain,
who lounged hungry and lonesome through Houston seeking jazz or sex or soup, and followed the brilliant Spaniard to converse about America and Eternity, a hopeless task, and so took ship to Africa,
who disappeared into the volcanoes of Mexico leaving behind nothing but the shadow of dungarees and the lava and ash of poetry scattered in fireplace Chicago,
who reappeared on the West Coast investigating the FBI in beards and shorts with big pacifist eyes sexy in their dark skin passing out incomprehensible leaflets,
who burned cigarette holes in their arms protesting the narcotic tobacco haze of Capitalism,
who distributed Supercommunist pamphlets in Union Square weeping and undressing while the sirens of Los Alamos wailed them down, and wailed down Wall, and the Staten Island ferry also wailed,
who broke down crying in white gymnasiums naked and trembling before the machinery of other skeletons,
who bit detectives in the neck and shrieked with delight in policecars for committing no crime but their own wild cooking pederasty and intoxication,
who howled on their knees in the subway and were dragged off the roof waving genitals and manuscripts,
who let themselves be fucked in the ass by saintly motorcyclists, and screamed with joy,
who blew and were blown by those human seraphim, the sailors, caresses of Atlantic and Caribbean love,
who balled in the morning in the evenings in rosegardens and the grass of public parks and cemeteries scattering their semen freely to whomever come who may,
who hiccuped endlessly trying to giggle but wound up with a sob behind a partition in a Turkish Bath when the blond & naked angel came to pierce them with a sword,
who lost their loveboys to the three old shrews of fate the one eyed shrew of the heterosexual dollar the one eyed shrew that winks out of the womb and the one eyed shrew that does nothing but sit on her ass and snip the intellectual golden threads of the craftsman’s loom,
who copulated ecstatic and insatiate with a bottle of beer a sweetheart a package of cigarettes a candle and fell off the bed, and continued along the floor and down the hall and ended fainting on the wall with a vision of ultimate cunt and come eluding the last gyzym of consciousness,
who sweetened the snatches of a million girls trembling in the sunset, and were red eyed in the morning but prepared to sweeten the snatch of the sunrise, flashing buttocks under barns and naked in the lake,
who went out whoring through Colorado in myriad stolen night-cars, N.C., secret hero of these poems, cocksman and Adonis of Denver—joy to the memory of his innumerable lays of girls in empty lots & diner backyards, moviehouses’ rickety rows, on mountaintops in caves or with gaunt waitresses in familiar roadside lonely petticoat upliftings & especially secret gas-station solipsisms of johns, & hometown alleys too,
who faded out in vast sordid movies, were shifted in dreams, woke on a sudden Manhattan, and picked themselves up out of basements hung-over with heartless Tokay and horrors of Third Avenue iron dreams & stumbled to unemployment offices,
who walked all night with their shoes full of blood on the snowbank docks waiting for a door in the East River to open to a room full of steam-heat and opium,
who created great suicidal dramas on the apartment cliff-banks of the Hudson under the wartime blue floodlight of the moon & their heads shall be crowned with laurel in oblivion,
who ate the lamb stew of the imagination or digested the crab at the muddy bottom of the rivers of Bowery,
who wept at the romance of the streets with their pushcarts full of onions and bad music,
who sat in boxes breathing in the darkness under the bridge, and rose up to build harpsichords in their lofts,
who coughed on the sixth floor of Harlem crowned with flame under the tubercular sky surrounded by orange crates of theology,
who scribbled all night rocking and rolling over lofty incantations which in the yellow morning were stanzas of gibberish,
who cooked rotten animals lung heart feet tail borsht & tortillas dreaming of the pure vegetable kingdom,
who plunged themselves under meat trucks looking for an egg,
who threw their watches off the roof to cast their ballot for Eternity outside of Time, & alarm clocks fell on their heads every day for the next decade,
who cut their wrists three times successively unsuccessfully, gave up and were forced to open antique stores where they thought they were growing old and cried,
who were burned alive in their innocent flannel suits on Madison Avenue amid blasts of leaden verse & the tanked-up clatter of the iron regiments of fashion & the nitroglycerine shrieks of the fairies of advertising & the mustard gas of sinister intelligent editors, or were run down by the drunken taxicabs of Absolute Reality,
who jumped off the Brooklyn Bridge this actually happened and walked away unknown and forgotten into the ghostly daze of Chinatown soup alleyways & firetrucks, not even one free beer,
who sang out of their windows in despair, fell out of the subway window, jumped in the filthy Passaic, leaped on negroes, cried all over the street, danced on broken wineglasses barefoot smashed phonograph records of nostalgic European 1930s German jazz finished the whiskey and threw up groaning into the bloody toilet, moans in their ears and the blast of colossal steamwhistles,
who barreled down the highways of the past journeying to each other’s hotrod-Golgotha jail-solitude watch or Birmingham jazz incarnation,
who drove crosscountry seventytwo hours to find out if I had a vision or you had a vision or he had a vision to find out Eternity,
who journeyed to Denver, who died in Denver, who came back to Denver & waited in vain, who watched over Denver & brooded & loned in Denver and finally went away to find out the Time, & now Denver is lonesome for her heroes,
who fell on their knees in hopeless cathedrals praying for each other’s salvation and light and breasts, until the soul illuminated its hair for a second,
who crashed through their minds in jail waiting for impossible criminals with golden heads and the charm of reality in their hearts who sang sweet blues to Alcatraz,
who retired to Mexico to cultivate a habit, or Rocky Mount to tender Buddha or Tangiers to boys or Southern Pacific to the black locomotive or Harvard to Narcissus to Woodlawn to the daisychain or grave,
who demanded sanity trials accusing the radio of hypnotism & were left with their insanity & their hands & a hung jury,
who threw potato salad at CCNY lecturers on Dadaism and subsequently presented themselves on the granite steps of the madhouse with shaven heads and harlequin speech of suicide, demanding instantaneous lobotomy,
and who were given instead the concrete void of insulin Metrazol electricity hydrotherapy psychotherapy occupational therapy pingpong & amnesia,
who in humorless protest overturned only one symbolic pingpong table, resting briefly in catatonia,
returning years later truly bald except for a wig of blood, and tears and fingers, to the visible madman doom of the wards of the madtowns of the East,
Pilgrim State’s Rockland’s and Greystone’s foetid halls, bickering with the echoes of the soul, rocking and rolling in the midnight solitude-bench dolmen-realms of love, dream of life a nightmare, bodies turned to stone as heavy as the moon,
with mother finally ******, and the last fantastic book flung out of the tenement window, and the last door closed at 4 A.M. and the last telephone slammed at the wall in reply and the last furnished room emptied down to the last piece of mental furniture, a yellow paper rose twisted on a wire hanger in the closet, and even that imaginary, nothing but a hopeful little bit of hallucination—
ah, Carl, while you are not safe I am not safe, and now you’re really in the total animal soup of time—
and who therefore ran through the icy streets obsessed with a sudden flash of the alchemy of the use of the ellipsis catalogue a variable measure and the vibrating plane,
who dreamt and made incarnate gaps in Time & Space through images juxtaposed, and trapped the archangel of the soul between 2 visual images and joined the elemental verbs and set the noun and dash of consciousness together jumping with sensation of Pater Omnipotens Aeterna Deus
to recreate the syntax and measure of poor human prose and stand before you speechless and intelligent and shaking with shame, rejected yet confessing out the soul to conform to the rhythm of thought in his naked and endless head,
the madman bum and angel beat in Time, unknown, yet putting down here what might be left to say in time come after death,
and rose reincarnate in the ghostly clothes of jazz in the goldhorn shadow of the band and blew the suffering of America’s naked mind for love into an eli eli lamma lamma sabacthani saxophone cry that shivered the cities down to the last radio
with the absolute heart of the poem of life butchered out of their own bodies good to eat a thousand years.
II
What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagination?
Moloch! Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unobtainable dollars! Children screaming under the stairways! Boys sobbing in armies! Old men weeping in the parks!
Moloch! Moloch! Nightmare of Moloch! Moloch the loveless! Mental Moloch! Moloch the heavy judger of men!
Moloch the incomprehensible prison! Moloch the crossbone soulless jailhouse and Congress of sorrows! Moloch whose buildings are judgment! Moloch the vast stone of war! Moloch the stunned governments!
Moloch whose mind is pure machinery! Moloch whose blood is running money! Moloch whose fingers are ten armies! Moloch whose breast is a cannibal dynamo! Moloch whose ear is a smoking tomb!
Moloch whose eyes are a thousand blind windows! Moloch whose skyscrapers stand in the long streets like endless Jehovahs! Moloch whose factories dream and croak in the fog! Moloch whose smoke-stacks and antennae crown the cities!
Moloch whose love is endless oil and stone! Moloch whose soul is electricity and banks! Moloch whose poverty is the specter of genius! Moloch whose fate is a cloud of sexless hydrogen! Moloch whose name is the Mind!
Moloch in whom I sit lonely! Moloch in whom I dream Angels! Crazy in Moloch! Cocksucker in Moloch! Lacklove and manless in Moloch!
Moloch who entered my soul early! Moloch in whom I am a consciousness without a body! Moloch who frightened me out of my natural ecstasy! Moloch whom I abandon! Wake up in Moloch! Light streaming out of the sky!
Moloch! Moloch! Robot apartments! invisible suburbs! skeleton treasuries! blind capitals! demonic industries! spectral nations! invincible madhouses! granite cocks! monstrous bombs!
They broke their backs lifting Moloch to Heaven! Pavements, trees, radios, tons! lifting the city to Heaven which exists and is everywhere about us!
Visions! omens! hallucinations! miracles! ecstasies! gone down the American river!
Dreams! adorations! illuminations! religions! the whole boatload of sensitive bullshit!
Breakthroughs! over the river! flips and crucifixions! gone down the flood! Highs! Epiphanies! Despairs! Ten years’ animal screams and suicides! Minds! New loves! Mad generation! down on the rocks of Time!
Real holy laughter in the river! They saw it all! the wild eyes! the holy yells! They bade farewell! They jumped off the roof! to solitude! waving! carrying flowers! Down to the river! into the street!
III
Carl Solomon! I’m with you in Rockland
   where you’re madder than I am
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you must feel very strange
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you imitate the shade of my mother
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you’ve murdered your twelve secretaries
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you laugh at this invisible humor
I’m with you in Rockland
   where we are great writers on the same dreadful typewriter
I’m with you in Rockland
   where your condition has become serious and is reported on the radio
I’m with you in Rockland
   where the faculties of the skull no longer admit the worms of the senses
I'm with you in Rockland
   where you drink the tea of the breasts of the spinsters of Utica
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you pun on the bodies of your nurses the harpies of the Bronx
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you scream in a straightjacket that you’re losing the game of the actual pingpong of the abyss
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you bang on the catatonic piano the soul is innocent and immortal it should never die ungodly in an armed madhouse
I’m with you in Rockland
   where fifty more shocks will never return your soul to its body again from its pilgrimage to a cross in the void
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you accuse your doctors of insanity and plot the Hebrew socialist revolution against the fascist national Golgotha
I’m with you in Rockland
   where you will split the heavens of Long Island and resurrect your living human Jesus from the superhuman tomb
I’m with you in Rockland
   where there are twentyfive thousand mad comrades all together singing the final stanzas of the Internationale
I’m with you in Rockland
   where we hug and kiss the United States under our bedsheets the United States that coughs all night and won’t let us sleep
I’m with you in Rockland
   where we wake up electrified out of the coma by our own souls’ airplanes roaring over the roof they’ve come to drop angelic bombs the hospital illuminates itself    imaginary walls collapse    O skinny legions run outside    O starry-spangled shock of mercy the eternal war is here    O victory forget your underwear we’re free
I’m with you in Rockland
   in my dreams you walk dripping from a sea-journey on the highway across America in tears to the door of my cottage in the Western night
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titoist · 2 years
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"France is the traditional ally and friend of the United States. I did not blame France for her part in the scheme to erect a monarchy upon the ruins of the Mexican Republic. That was the scheme of one man, an imitator without genius or merit. He had succeeded in stealing the government of his country, and made a change in its form against the wishes and instincts of his people. He tried to play the part of the first Napoleon, without the ability to sustain that role. He sought by new conquests to add to his empire and his glory; but the signal failure of his scheme of conquest was the precursor of his own overthrow. Like our own war between the States, the Franco-Prussian war was an expensive one; but it was worth to France all it cost her people. It was the completion of the downfall of Napoleon III."
very brutal putdown of Napoleon III by U.S Grant. it's a little amusing to think that these two were... generally, alive & active concurrently with one another. i don't think i can ever view N.III as anything but a completely cartoonish caricature of a pathetically incompetent monarch, to be honest. though that certainly might sound a tad mean, he was an emperor so i don't feel too bad about it - you know, at least the original Napoleon was fun, right? an interesting alternative to the boring old germanic monarchies, prancing around francia & still dominating europe today. i suppose he's sort of endearing... in a very sad way - the total futility of his military campaigns, the fact that his wife reportedly found him repulsive, his many concubines, etcetera. i think the 'worker king' - wrt his relatively important labour reforms - stuff is a little funny, but... oh, who am i kidding, i love this fucking guy. he's also directly responsible for maximilian I of mexico, which is a topic i'm quite autistic about - the second mexican empire, i mean. a victorious napeolonic france would have eventually degenerated from its nominal revolutionary ideals in the first place (far more than it already did during its actual lifetime), so i suppose what we actually got was the far more amusing route to go down.
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brookstonalmanac · 3 months
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Events 3.8 (after 1960)
1962 – A Turkish Airlines Fokker F27 Friendship crashes into Mount Medetsiz in the Taurus Mountains of Turkey, killing all 11 people on board. 1963 – The Ba'ath Party comes to power in Syria in a coup d'état. 1965 – Vietnam War: US Marines arrive at Da Nang. 1965 – Aeroflot Flight 513 crashes during takeoff from Kuybyshev Airport, killing 30 and injuring 9. 1966 – Nelson's Pillar in Dublin, Ireland, destroyed by a bomb. 1979 – Philips demonstrates the compact disc publicly for the first time. 1979 – Images taken by Voyager 1 proved the existence of volcanoes on Io, a moon of Jupiter. 1983 – Cold War: While addressing a convention of Evangelicals, U.S. President Ronald Reagan labels the Soviet Union an "evil empire". 1985 – A supposed failed assassination attempt on Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 80 and injuring 200 others. 1988 – Aeroflot Flight 3379 is hijacked by the Ovechkin family and diverted to Veshchevo in the Soviet Union. 1994 – A collision at Indira Gandhi International Airport kills 9 people. 2004 – A new constitution is signed by Iraq's Governing Council. 2010 – Headlined by Hulk Hogan and Ric Flair, TNA Wrestling moved its flagship program, TNA Impact!, to Monday night. This effort to go "big time live" failed but is notable in the history of professional wrestling television. 2014 – In one of aviation's greatest mysteries, Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, carrying a total of 239 people, disappears en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. The fate of the flight remains unknown. 2017 – The Azure Window, a natural arch on the Maltese island of Gozo, collapses in stormy weather. 2018 – The first Aurat March (social/political demonstration) was held being International Women's Day in Karachi, Pakistan, since then annually held across Pakistan and feminist slogan Mera Jism Meri Marzi (My body, my choice), in demand for women's right to bodily autonomy and against gender-based violence came into vogue in Pakistan. 2021 – International Women's Day marches in Mexico become violent with 62 police officers and 19 civilians injured in Mexico City alone. 2021 – Twenty-eight political institutions in Myanmar establish the National Unity Consultative Council, a historic alliance of ethnic armed organizations and democratically elected leaders in response to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état
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the-firebird69 · 4 months
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We have several more announcements to me it's coming through crystal clear that nobody is interesting Captain wonderful and he's allowed to annoy our son all the time and us and there's tons of people here and see it and they're not all trumpsters but boy it's so annoying and we have an announcements
-wonder which is we are watching a huge huge fight begin and it is between the pseudo empire and the morlock. Both of them are at fisherman's village and in pretty good numbers they're fighting over the diamonds and it'll be fighting over around Florida and then the call and it's going to be a heck of a fight and our son says and daughter I can't tell you apart pretty much at all and I don't know why you're different people but I guess that's what you're saying. And this seems to be some sort of consensus at times that is true also there are some unsavory types around causing trouble
-we have some red flags and we're going to monitor and post more centuries
-on top of this war that's about to break loose there are several people here who need a really big break from what they're doing they have court cases coming up all over the place and if they miss them warrants are going to be put on them and they're going to be hot because they need the stuff and it's good timing they see almost like it was planned. Not much we can do about it
-if you want things are happening the pseudo empire is not only collecting diamonds offshore and soon the golf of Mexico what's the empire mites also be doing they are going to be collecting them on shore and there are several large ones and multiple smaller this is going to be road away as a supply of soil we were suggesting that the infill with the spoils and they say it's too much work and we say it's an excuse to bring heavy equipment down which is what they want to do and it's up to their strategist it's not us but I think it's not a bad idea some of the diamonds are pretty big up to a mile and they're about five of those no just about 50 and that's a lot of area and you can bring in a little more of course but with the total volume of diamonds it'll equal about 10x20x30 mile area would be avoid it's not really a lot of work but they need equipment and they like it
-further there are several other individuals here who really don't need to be here they are a detriment and they're fairly evil hateful people and the zombie levels too high if we get it out there again up on the board we have several programs going that are going to help take care of it one of the movie series has begun that will lead to it and it's very good and there are a lot of movies though but tons of precursors are being seen and there's two things happening the closet the max are more entertained and push for it and the more like a smaller.
-we have several groups going to what we call celestials or Galactica or Galactus or eternals or angels and there are a couple more classifications general kju and nests of things xenomorph those things are much tougher than they think because they've been seeing human people mutated into them we have 10 groups globally going to 10 very large ones and they will probably encourage some serious damage on themselves and think that it's Max fighting over it or something else
-there are a few other things happening people are not understanding that creatures can mutate and turn into basically blood sharing they can turn into wood and they're not the creatures and it's not wood
-a couple other things stock market we are there buying stock and people trying to trace it and they get beat up pretty bad and it's happening continuously. You have bought a lot of stock recently and we don't want to see how much but we're purchasing a lot and we're taking over a lot of companies we have to
-my daughter and son had ideas or deploying them we have ideas and deploy them and yeah we have a lot of ideas even by comparison this is amazing it really is you have a lot of ideas it is amazing and we are also working on Harley-Davidson and the new h&k motor and there are several companies that are going to start producing them s&s is going to make a different division they're just going to use their factory and try and pump out the motor and their motor is similar to Harley but not the same but they want to make it like theirs which is not right that's not what we're doing and we are going to start producing it probably next Monday we also have a project with the automobile let's see Phoenix and we are going to produce that for Saturday and yeah becomes a famous song and we are also starting production of regular standard Harley-Davidsons which are now being ordered like madness because the trike and Harley idea works and the screaming eagle and eagle symbol now make sense but the Phoenix is a huge project it is a giant car project and it's named after the KJ but we are calling you that because some idiot forced it and they're like children. Actually part of a formula.. there's other stuff going on and it's pretty huge and he saw Seth rogen and it's from the a movie with the arms dealers very dangerous movie and it leads into the one with Nicolas Cage which leads into the money and the plane and Utah and leaves into cesario and they all get slaughtered but they're out there and they're doing it on purpose they're doing the money jobs on purpose because they are near the Mojave and burning man and they want to investigate that. Stars coming out and they're different people than people have been saying one of them is David Crosby and he is Crosby stills and Nash and he was one of the main writers. And he's done many many songs but he's in movies too cameo.. and he offers to get him tickets and he says that would be great and he's been in Crosby stills and Nash fan for a long time. Along with Lynyrd Skynyrd if they're around maybe they can get a concert together it's almost the same genre I guess you'd have to start off with Crosby stills and Nash and people are stronger hearts can stay through winter Skinner and it's true but it's famous famous songs wooden ships and things like that that are coming to life and just a massive magnanimous way and he added that word but it is amazing what our son is done with Brian is incredible and Brian would not be doing it and the wizzy wig is also interesting it was funny and they don't like it and oops. A few more things
-there are other things happening and one of them is in Timmy Doyle walked by and he is still just getting fat and a little tall and is talking about the firebird and our son wants to open a chain fat and tall and big and people won't like it but he doesn't care. He says even if you're fat you be shopping at the same store that he would because he'd be big. And Timmy Doyle was laughing because he's probably on marijuana her son said the last part and said no I'm not even though I should be if you drug test every few minutes just to impress that they are the empire.
I'm going to publish it's getting huge
Thor Freya
Tells me in the background saying it's getting huge a little bit but here we go we've got a lot to announce coming up
Hera Zues
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simonloweblog · 5 months
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Preparing for Trump
The results of the Iowa Caucuses brings into sharp focus the fact that in all probability Donald trump will become the GOP party nomination for President in this years’ Presidential election on November 5th. Whereas it remains a possibility that he may be convicted on more than one of the three criminal charges he faces, it is equally possible that he could well become President even if a convicted felon. That indeed would be a historical first in the USA, but so many issues relating to Trump have already been historical “1sts”. He simply defies all norms.
Already governments around the world are rethinking how their relationships to the US will alter if he is elected. There is little doubt that many changes in US policy will be actioned the day he takes office. In terms of Foreign policy, Trump is likely to follow the Monroe Doctrine more closely than any President since Monroe created it in 1823; namely that under Trump’s Presidency  the US  with become very isolationist. The NATO alliance that has been led by the USA and secured the peace since created in 1948 could even see the US withdrawing from it altogether. Hitherto, this has been thought of as a potential disaster for Europe and its security. When President in 2017-2021 Trump made it clear that he expected the Europeans to start paying more for their own security and although some have started to move to do so, only the UK spends the required 2% of GDP that was promised. The fact is that Europe has a population three times greater than Russia and its combined GDP is almost 10 times Russia’s. Current combined E.U. defence expenditure totals 240 billion euros per annum which exceeds Russia’s defence expenditure of 100 billion by 150%! The fact is that Europe needs to organise a joint defence posture that is robust enough to deter Russia’s  ambition under Putin  of recreating a Russian Empire modelled on the USSR.
I believe that Europe (i.e. the EU and the UK) should no longer depend on the US defense umbrella and it is very likely that if Trump is re-elected that will help accelerate that position. This will of course  impact Ukraine’s ability to sustain the war against Russia to regain its territory. It is for Europe to step up to this challenge and step up right now. The extent to which Europe supports the Ukrainian effort will determine Ukraine’s ability to survive.
As to Taiwan, I doubt that all the Saber rattling of the State department would really see the US go to war and risk a potential World War with China even if they invaded Taiwan any time soon. Russia acquiesced in the Cuba crisis by realising that each Superpower had its area of influence which should not be challenged by another. The truth is that Taiwan is in China’s geographic area of influence. I personally doubt that China will invade it; the Chinese project many of their policy initiatives over a 50 or  more years ahead and it may well be that over a sustained period of time and pressure Taiwan will elect a Government that prefers a loose union over an invasion.
Trump will attempt to close the border with Mexico and reduce illegal immigration to a trickle. That is one policy that I agree with him on as do many others. He is not alone in wanting to contain illegal immigration. Almost every nation in Europe and Australasia is grappling with unsustainable levels of immigration.
As to trade, his introduction of high import tariffs against Chinese goods, which have in large measure been retained by the Biden administration, will be further enhanced. He has already stated that he will introduce a general 10% tariff on all imported goods. This will further the trend of protectionism and reduce free world trade that was the basis of  much of the prosperity in  the second half of the 20th Century; but protectionism has been on the rise now for several year and more countries  have woken up to the fact that their dependency on Chinese goods and Russian oil and gas has reduced their own manufacturing capabilities and energy security. In short,  Trumpism will herald a new economic era. As an Internationalist I do not agree with this philosophy but the Populist, Nationalist mood around the world today seems to agree in principle with this sad twist of economic policy.
We know that Trump will avoid war at almost any cost. That is a good thing although it will embolden America’s enemies and result in the US no longer playing policeman to the world and championing democratic processes around the world. But let’s face it the US has not had a good track record since WWll in that domain and the billions upon billions of dollars wasted on wars in Vietnam to Iraq will no longer be exported.
On the Gun issue, Trump’s support of the NRL is well known. They have spent millions supporting his campaigns. The fact is however that neither the Democrats nor the Republicans have had any success nor are likely to be able to alter the 2nd Amendment and usher in any form of gun control. That policy is supported by many Americans however hideous it is.
Willy Brandt, one of Germany’s better post world war Chancellors invented the word “Realpolitik”. The above prognosis is a look at the realpolitik of a second Trump Administration. Distasteful as he is to so many, and a narcissist to his core, he is not a blood thirsty dictator craving Empire and is therefore no Hitler or Stalin. Thankfully, so far the Constitution’s system of checks and balances has safeguarded democracy in the Union and I think will continue to do so.
Independent voters may well deny him a second term and the GOP’s position on Abortion has the majority of women set against his Party. It is possible that they, who remain in the majority on the electoral register will save the Biden administration by voting against any further incursions into their rights over their own bodies. If Biden manages to further reduce inflation, keep unemployment down, lower gas prices and mortgage rates then together with the Abortion issue, Biden may just scrape through the election to a second term, but, be prepared for Trump to defy logic and win again.
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webionaire · 11 months
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Columbia River: the Hanford Stretch, published in 1993, is a series of black and white landscape photographs at the Hanford Site, a nuclear complex on the Columbia River whose reactors made plutonium for nuclear weapons.[7]
The Italian Navigator, published in 2001, is a series of black and white photographs of the sites of Cold War era nuclear weapons testing in the USA.[7]
From 1999 to the present, Ruwedel has documented the work of contemporary artists who have made land art.[7][9] He has also photographed evidence of human activity in the landscape that are thousands of years old.[7]
Crossing is a series of colour photographs that show traces of illegal immigration as evidenced by litter and other artefacts left near the Mexico–United States border.[6]
Westward the Course of Empire, published in 2008, is a series of black and white landscape photographs for which Ruwedel "walked and photographed along more than 130 abandoned railway lines that had once crossed hundreds of miles of desert and tunnelled through mountain ranges" in the western United States and Canada.[10] It was made between 1994 and 2006.[4][10] "The pictures followed the skeleton tracks across plains, through cuts blasted in the rock, into derelict tunnels and over the remains of wooden trestles that carried the rails across rivers and creeks."[5][9]
One Thousand Two Hundred Twelve Palms, published in 2010, is a series of photographs of all the places in the deserts of California named for a number of palms.[7] It was made over about one year and the total number of palms mentioned adds up to 1212.[6][7]
Message from the Exterior, published in 2015, is a series of black and white "portraits"[6] of abandoned and decaying houses in desert communities around the Los Angeles metropolitan area.[11] Made over the same ten-year period, Dog Houses, published in 2017, is a series of color photographs of doghouses found in those desert regions.[12]
Pictures of Hell is a series of black and white photographs of places in Canada and the US, each with a name that includes mention of Hell or the Devil.[5] It was made over twenty years[13] and published in 2014.
Ruwedel's first work made outside North America is Ouarzazate, photographs of movie sets in Ouarzazate in the Moroccan desert, made in 2014 and 2016 and published in 2018.[14][15]
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If you could change the outcome of one war what would it be?
interesting question. hard to answer since you can't really predict how things will change but i'll bite.
depends on how far i can stretch "changing the outcome"
can i include "the north wins the civil war but lincoln doesn't die" as changing the outcome? because if so then probably that.
otherwise, maybe the war of 1812? instead of the white peace we have a total american victory with full annexation of canada. obviously there would be all the material benefits but i think this annexation would have happened early enough to keep canadians from becoming as cringe as they are today, which i think is actually the more important thing.
other runners-up: mexican-american war (we annex what we did and then make the rest of mexico a territory indefinitely), the war of the seventh coalition, revolutionary war (we go on the offensive and burn london and conquer great britain), alexander's conquests (he doesn't die and solidifies his empire and creates a republic based around the hellenic league -- after he dies the empire continues as a republican hellenic league), byzantine-seljuk wars (byzantine victory, obviously), english civil war (cromwell wins and solidifies his republican reforms), norman conquest of england (literally anyone other than the normans win: harold, tostig, hardrada. i'd be interested to see each outcome.), chinese civil war, russian civil war (whites win and create some nationalist or pan-slavic federal republic with a strong state), wwi and ii (complicated), the rus' manage to repel the mongol hordes, caesar's civil war (he isn't assassinated and uses his dictatorial powers to restore and strengthen rome's republican constitution), syagrius defats the franks, saxon wars (saxons go on the offensive and are victorious in conquering the franks and paganizing them), and probably a bunch of others i can't think of right now.
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zayaanhashistory · 2 years
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The California Gold Rus
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The California Gold Rush was sparked by the discovery of gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early 1848 and was arguably one of the most significant events to shape American history during the first half of the 19th century. As news spread of the discovery, thousands of prospective gold miners traveled by sea or over land to San Francisco and the surrounding area; by the end of 1849, the non-native population of the California territory was some 100,000 (compared with the pre-1848 figure of less than 1,000). A total of $2 billion worth of precious metal was extracted from the area during the Gold Rush, which peaked in 1852.   
On January 24, 1848, James Wilson Marshall, a carpenter originally from New Jersey, found flakes of gold in the American River at the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains near Coloma, California. At the time, Marshall was working to build a water-powered sawmill owned by John Sutter, a German-born Swiss citizen and founder of a colony of Nueva Helvetia (New Switzerland, which would later become the city of Sacramento). As Marshall later recalled of his historic discovery: “It made my heart thump, for I was certain it was gold.” Days after Marshall’s discovery at Sutter’s Mill, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, ending the Mexican-American War and leaving California in the hands of the United States—a remarkable twist of fate with important ramifications for an America eager for westward expansion. At the time, the population of the territory consisted of 6,500 Californios (people of Spanish or Mexican descent); 700 foreigners (primarily Americans); and 150,000 Native Americans (Barely half the number that had been there when Spanish settlers arrived in 1769). Sutter, in fact, had enslaved hundreds of Native Americans and used them as a free source of labor and makeshift militia to defend his territory and expand his empire. 
Though Marshall and Sutter tried to keep news of the discovery under wraps, word got out, and by mid-March at least one newspaper was reporting that large quantities of gold were being turned up at Sutter’s Mill. Though the initial reaction in San Francisco was disbelief, storekeeper Sam Brannan set off a frenzy when he paraded through town displaying a vial of gold obtained from Sutter’s Creek. By mid-June, shops and businesses stood empty, as some three-quarters of the male population of San Francisco had abandoned the city for the gold mines, and the number of miners in the area ballooned to some 4,000 by August. As news reports—many wildly overblown—of the easy fortunes being made in California spread worldwide, some of the first migrants to arrive were those from lands accessible by boat, such as Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii), Mexico, Chile, Peru and China. 
When the news reached the East Coast, press reports were initially skeptical. Gold fever kicked off nationwide in earnest, however, after December 1848, when President James K. Polk announced the positive results of a report made by Colonel Richard Mason, California’s military governor, in his inaugural address. 
Throughout 1849, people around the United States (mostly men) with gold fever borrowed money, mortgaged their property or spent their life savings to make the arduous journey to California. In pursuit of the kind of wealth they had never dreamed of, they left their families and hometowns. In turn, women left behind took on new responsibilities such as running farms or businesses and caring for their children alone. Thousands of would-be gold miners, known as 49ers for the year they arrived, traveled overland across the mountains or by sea, sailing to Panama or even around Cape Horn, the southernmost point of South America. By the end of the year, the non-native population of California was estimated at 100,000, (as compared with 20,000 at the end of 1848 and around 800 in March 1848). To accommodate the needs of the 49ers, gold mining towns had sprung up all over the region, complete with shops, saloons, brothels and other businesses seeking to make their own gold Rush fortune. The overcrowded chaos of the mining camps and towns grew ever more lawless, including rampant banditry, gambling, alcoholism, prostitution and violence. San Francisco, for its part, developed a bustling economy and became the central metropolis of the new frontier. 
The Gold Rush undoubtedly sped up California’s admission to the Union as the 31st state. In late 1849, California applied to enter the Union with a constitution that barred the Southern system of racial slavery, provoking a crisis in Congress between proponents of slavery and anti-slavery politicians. According to the Compromise of 1850, proposed by Kentucky’s Senator Henry Clay, California was allowed to enter as a free state, while the territories of Utah and New Mexico were left to decide the legal status of slavery for themselves. 
After 1850, the surface gold in California largely disappeared, even as miners continued to arrive. Mining had always been difficult and dangerous labor, and striking it rich required good luck as much as skill and hard work. Moreover, the average daily take for an independent miner working with his pick and shovel had by then sharply decreased from what it had been in 1848. As gold became more and more difficult to reach, the growing industrialization of mining drove more and more miners from independence into wage labor. The new technique of hydraulic mining, developed in 1853, brought enormous profits but destroyed much of the region’s landscape. Though gold mining continued throughout the 1850s, it had reached its peak by 1852, when some $81 million was pulled from the ground. After that year, the total take declined gradually, leveling off to around $45 million per year by 1857. Settlement in California continued, however, and by the end of the decade the state’s population was 380,000. 
New mining methods and the population boom in the wake of the California Gold Rush permanently altered the landscape of California. The technique of hydraulic mining brought enormous profits but destroyed much of the region’s landscape. Dams designed to supply water to mine sites in summer altered the course of rivers away from farmland, while sediment from mines clogged others. The logging industry in the area was born from the need to construct extensive canals and feed boilers at mines, further consuming natural resources. 
In 1884, hydraulic mining was outlawed by court order, and soon agriculture became the dominant industry in California, and it remains so today. While a few mines and Gold Rush towns remain, much of the heritage of that era is preserved at places such as Bodie State Historic Park, a decaying ghost town, and at Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park, where Sutter’s Mill once stood. 
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eggreys · 2 years
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European war 4 conquest
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European war 4 conquest generator#
European war 4 conquest Patch#
European war 4 conquest free#
It is possible that the Aztecs contributed to the downfall of the Toltecs, who were the dominant political and cultural force in the Valley of Mexico before the rise of the Aztecs, according to World History Encyclopedia (opens in new tab). Either by force of arms, alliance or skillful politicking - or a combination of all three - the Aztecs gradually came to dominate the surrounding tribes and city-states in the region, according to World History Encyclopedia. Other times, they hired themselves out as mercenaries in the many wars in which the inhabitants of the valley were engaged. Fierce warriors, they often battled with the other peoples of the region. Like Athens, the Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlán grew from obscurity to military and political prominence through a gradual program of alliance and military dominance, Smith said.Ī map of the Aztec Empire (Image credit: iSidhe via Getty Images)Īt first, as legend has it (opens in new tab), the Aztecs eked out a precarious existence on their island, practicing agriculture and building a small settlement that gradually expanded. In Nahuatl, "city-state" is translated as "altepetl," and much like the city-states of ancient Greece, for example, the city-states in the Valley of Mexico were independent political entities with their own standing armies, Indigenous identities, and political and religious structures. "The basic political form of these groups was the city-state," Michael Smith, a professor of archaeology at Arizona State University (ASU) and the director of the Teotihuacan Research Laboratory at ASU, told Live Science. During the 12th century A.D., many of these peoples began to organize themselves into independent communities. The people who would later be known as the Aztecs were one of many Nahuatl-speaking groups occupying the Valley of Mexico. Modern archaeology, however, paints a different picture of Aztec origins. (Image credit: AmericanWildlife via Getty Images) It shows an eagle - a potent symbol in Aztec ideology - with a rattlesnake in its beak.
European war 4 conquest Patch#
Generation of RNW changed from random provinces to semi-random tile based system to allow for a more detailed RNW.ĭev diaries Main article: Developer diariesĪll developer diaries about the Conquest of Paradise expansion, patch 1.4 and patch 1.5.A close up image of a Mexican peso.
The "random new world" feature received a major rework in patch 1.14.
Another new feature is the ability to support independence of a vassal, protectorate or colonial nation.Īnd a plethora of other additions to the game.
Added new national ideas in North America.
More playable nations in North America and Sub-Saharan Africa.
It is 1% of the total army size and isn't modified.
Attrition from being on a boat is added.
A new interface has been added, where you can view all your current subjects, and view their benefits to your nation.
Climate now starts to play its part in unit attrition.
Protectorates are introduced as a subject nation of technological inferiority that cannot be vassalized, but don't take up a diplomacy slot and provide trade power in return for cheaper technology and the ability to call the overlord into defensive wars.
They use their own, republican form of government originally they would have governors appointed by the overlord instead of elections (the choice possibly affecting liberty desire), but as of patch 1.8 they are autonomous. Colonial nations are playable and have a separate idea group. The overlord gets trade power and tariffs from them while they have to be aware of the colonial nation's liberty desire that can cause the colony to declare a war of independence if it increases to above 50%. They are a subject under the nation forming it, but don't use a diplomatic relation slot. Colonial nations form when a nation controls 5 cored overseas provinces in the same colonial region.
A new form of formable nations called colonial nations.
European war 4 conquest free#
The expansion coincided with a supporting, free patch for the base game, that includes:
Ability to play as one's Colonial nationįree features Main article: Patch 1.4.
An expansive addition of new mechanics for tribal nations in North America including migration, buildings, native ideas, reforming the government, a new mechanic for casus belli and federations.
European war 4 conquest generator#
The generator is limited to pre-colonial starts and isn't compatible with CK2 converted games. Randomized map exploration (as of the 1.14 RNW rework).
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vintageviewmaster · 2 years
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Brand: View-Master Packet Title: California Booklet Title: View-Master Presents California Booklet Subtitle: The Golden State Date: 1955
Note: When reading the booklet descriptions, please remember that these booklets are old (most are 65+ years old) and the information and history presented in them as factual may be inaccurate, outdated, and in some cases, offensive.
Booklet Introduction Description: California is a land of dreams. Since 1769, men have come to the state with dreams of converting the Indians, establishing a Spanish empire, becoming wealthy from gold, oranges, oil, real estate and war work and retiring for long years of leisure in the sun. Such is the fabulous wealth of California that most of these dreams came true--and men still head West singing, "California, here I come."
THE STATE AND ITS PEOPLE California is the second largest in the nation. Its area of 158,693 square miles is over three times that of New York State. Its 1,200 miles of coastline is second only to Florida's in length. The 1950 census counted 10,586,223 Californians ranking second only to New York in population, and first in rate of growth. The state's boundaries fall along natural barriers with the Pacific to the west; the Siskiyou Mountains separating it from Oregon to the north; the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the desert and the Colorado River barring Nevada and Arizona on the east; and the desert on the International border of Mexico to the south. It contains the highest point in the U.S.A., 14,496-foot-high Mount Whitney, and just 60 miles from it, in Death Valley National Monument, the lowest point in North America, 276 feet below sea level. The '49 Gold Rush transformed the sleepy, sunny Mission culture of the state into a driving, dynamic land of booms attracting pioneers from every state in the Union. Mark Twain got his literary start here with his story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, and Bret Harte told of the gold mining days in stories like The luck of Roaring Camp. Joaquin Miller sang of the golden land in poetry and, later, John Steinbeck wrote of the common people, and William Saroyan of the characters. Ambrose Bierce wrote his bitter satire here, and Jack London, born in San Francisco, spun his thrilling adventure yarns. Los Angeles is the second largest Mexican city, San Francisco is the largest Chinese city outside the Orient, and most Californians seem to be midwesterners, but all are proud of their state.
CALIFORNIA FACTS AND FIGURES The Golden Poppy is the State Flower; the California Quail, the State Bird; the Redwood, the State Tree; and the Motto of the State is "Eureka" (I have found it). California is a state of highests, lowests, mosts, firsts and onlys. It not only has the highest U.S. peak, but the lowest point in North America. Lake Tahoe is the deepest U.S. lake; the highest U.S. lake is at 12,865 near the peak of Mount Whitney. The lowest lake in the Western Hemisphere is the Salton Sea, 250 feet below sea level. A California Redwood is the world's tallest tree and a California Sequoia is the largest living thing on earth. The 200-inch telescope at Mount Palomar is the world's largest and the 100-inch one at Mount Wilson is second. The University of California's bevatron is the most powerful atom smasher in the world. There are four National Parks in the state, more than in any other--Yosemite, whose falls is the highest in North America, Sequoia, Kings Canyon, and Mount Lassen Volcanic, which contains the only recently active (1917) U.S. volcano. California has more automobiles than any other state, builds more planes, catches more fish, and ranks third in shipbuilding. Golden State farmers reap the nation's highest cash income and the total value of their crops has for many years been either first or second. With only 2% of the nation's cropland, California supplies United States with one-third of its fruit, one-fourth of its vegetables, nearly half of its tree nuts, and almost all of its lemons, almonds, avocados, walnuts, olives, dates, grapes, plums, artichokes, figs, and apricots. Yet its industrial output is three times the value of its farm yield. It is the leading wine producing--and consuming--state. Ranking third in total value of its mineral products, it is first in production of borax, soda, mercury, platinum, iodine, and second in petroleum, natural gas and gasoline. The All-American Canal, 200 feet wide and 22 feet deep, leading water from the Colorado River to the truck gardens of the Imperial Valley 80 miles away is the world's largest irrigation ditch.
HIGHLIGHTS OF HISTORY White men first saw California in 1542, when Cabrillo sailed into San Diego Bay. Over 200 years passed before Father Junipero Serra founded the first mission at San Diego in 1769. It was at Sonoma, the site of the last of the 21 Franciscan Missions, that Yankee settlers defied the Mexican Government, hoisting the Bear Flag of the California Republic. This was June 14, 1846. Januuary [sic] 24, 1848 gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill! In 1863, Chinese coolies began the construction of the railroad that was to join the Union Pacific at Ogden, Utah. From 1880 to 1885, a land boom promoted by the railroads lured thousands to the land of perpetual sunshine. A rate war between the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe reduced the fare from the midwest to Los Angeles from $125 to $5 to $1! With the development of the refrigerator car, the first carload of oranges left for eastern markets in 1886. In 1907, the first movie, The Count of Monte Cristo, was made in California. The first oil well was drilled in 1875. In the 20th century, the great irrigation projects brought water from the Colorado River to the Imperial Valley and from Shasta Dam to the dry Central Valley making California a horn of agricultural plenty. Yet the booms of two World Wars brought shipyard and aircraft plants that turned California into an industrial giant whose metropolises threaten to outstrip those of the eastern seaboard.
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