#Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens

[o-fantome]

“fight on. i am proud of you.”

[18thcentury]

Continental officer miniatures

General George Washington Artist: James Peale

General George Clinton Artist: John Ramage

Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt Artist: John Ramage

Lt. Colonel John Laurens Artist: Charles Wilson Peale

Colonel Daniel Morgan After Charles Wilson Peale

[livelaughlovelams]

When I first searched that I meant rank but looking back it absolutely looks like I'm asking how much John Laurens was smoking....

[valend]

betsey be real

“I would invite you after the fall to Albany to be witness to the final consummation. My Mistress is a good girl, and already loves you because I have told her you are a clever fellow and my friend; but mind, she loves you a l’americaine not a la françoise.” -From Alexander Hamilton to Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, [16 September 1780]

sketch based on my fav hamilton-laurens letter :3

[on-partiality]

Happy Laurens-Lee duel day!

Duel day yayayay! Here's a very basic explanation of the duel!

The duel between Major General Charles Lee and Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens on the afternoon of the 23rd of December came about because of Charles Lee's brutal mockery and vilification of George Washington's character, a man whom Laurens admired and was an aide-de-camp of (a trusted one too because he was part of George Washington's military family, a group of his closest aides), and he wanted to defend his beloved general's honour.

Charles Lee, at this point, was widely hated by the men of the Continental Army. This opinion of him didn't always exist, though in fact, for years he was seen as a rather honourable man, and he helped in multiple battles and wars around the world. However, his experience made him very arrogant and snobbish. He believed that he was just as great as George Washington and could be an awesome commander-in-chief, which was fine until later in the revolutionary war, when he'd helped in so many battles of the war and he'd become a rather popular man respected by most Americans. He began to dislike Washington more and more, and he was getting louder about it, even though the Americans didn't truly hate him. The American loathing of him started during the Battle of Monmouth. Lee was meant to command the Americans to do a frontal assault on the British, but instead he issued a premature retreat, which caused Washington and him to have a fiery argument on the battlefield, causing 109 men to die, 161 men to be wounded, and 130 men to go missing. Lee was tried at court for multiple charges relating to this incident and was found guilty of all charges in 1780, but before 1780, he slandered Washington persistently, even after the battle, making many of his aide-de-camp's blood boil, and John Laurens challenged him to a duel out of pure rage to defend Washington's honour. Lee accepted the challenge.

Charles Lee chose Major Evan Edwards to be his second, as Edwards had been a good aide-de-camp of his in 1777, and John Laurens chose Alexander Hamilton, a fellow aide-de-camp of Washington and very intimate partner of Laurens. The duel was meant to happen at 3:00 pm in 'a wood situated near the four-mile stone on the Point No Point Road' just outside of Philadelphia; however, Laurens and Hamilton were 30 minutes late for unknown reasons. At the duelling place, the two parties agreed on how they'd proceed with the duel. Before the duel, they'd already decided that they'd use pistols, and Lee suggested that they advance upon each other and fire at whatever distance and time they individually found proper. Laurens agreed with this proposal. After about five steps towards each other, the two men shot. Laurens got ready to shoot Lee again, but Lee declared himself wounded (wimp). Laurens being the kind of man he was, he rushed towards Lee to help him because, typically, if someone were to declare themselves wounded, that meant that they were very severely or even fatally injured. Hamilton and Edwards rushed to Lee's side too, only to learn that the bullet barely got him on his right side. Lee wanted to shoot a second time. Laurens very passionately agreed to this, but the two men's seconds opposed the suggestion. Then the two duelists agreed that they would be fine with following along with whatever their seconds sensibly suggested, and after the seconds discussed for a while more, they still both believed that it really would be best if the whole ordeal were to end there. They told the duelists the conclusion they reached, and they walked back to town together, conversing with each other and trying to make peace with their initial problems with each other, which they eventually reached (somewhat, not really), and the next day Alexander Hamilton and Evan Edwards wrote up this recount of the duel:

https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-01-02-0687

It's good and I highly recommend it to anyone wanting to learn more about this duel because it's a primary source and you gotta love primary sources.

[my-deer-friend]

Archives Nationales de France: Can we interest you in some "Lettres du lieutenant-colonel John Laurens"? 😏

Me: Oooh which ones?

ANF: They're from ✨1778✨!

Me:

Me: Yeah but which ones?

ANF: ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[yr-obedt-cicero]

how did hamilton find out about lauren's wife?

By looking through a forwarded packet by Brigadier General William Thompson, containing letters from Manning to Laurens that Hamilton inclosed in a letter to him;

I anticipate by sympathy the pleasure you must feel from the sweet converse of your dearer self in the inclosed letters. I hope they may be recent. They were brought out of New York by General Thompson delivered to him there by a Mrs. Moore not long from England, soi-disante parente de Madame votre épouse. She speaks of a daughter of yours, well when she left England, perhaps ⟨– – –⟩.

“From Alexander Hamilton to Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, [April 1779],” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-02-02-0100. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 2, 1779–1781, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961, pp. 34–38.]

“Dearer self” is meant to refer to his wife.

[sarcasticsciencefictionwriter]

List of Actors in Sanctuary who Also Appeared in Stargate (Spanning Entire Franchise).

Main Cast (Counting Regular Major Appearances):

Amanda Tapping. Sanctuary: Helen Magnus. Stargate: Sam Carter.

Christopher Heyerdahl. Sanctuary: John Druitt, Bigfoot. Stargate SG-1: Pallin. Stargate Atlantis: Halling and Todd the Wraith.

Ryan Robbins. Sanctuary: Henry Foss. Stargate Atlantis: Ladon Radim.

Agam Darshi. Sanctuary; Kate Freelander. Stargates Atlantis: Novo and Athosian 2.

Jonathon Young. Sanctuary: Nikola Tesla. Stargate Atlantis: Dr. Parrish.

Peter Wingfield. Sanctuary: James Watson. Stargate SG-1: Hebron and Taneth.

Jim Byrnes. Sanctuary: Gregory Magnus. Stargate SG-1: Documentary Narrator (Heroes Part 2). Stargate Infinity: voice (no character listed).

Significant Stargate Actors Not in Main Cast of Sanctuary:

Michael Shanks. Sanctuary: Jimmy (one episode). Stargate: Daniel Jackson.

Tom McBeath. Sanctuary: General Villanova. Stargate SG-1: Colonel Harry Maybourne.

Vincent Gale. Sanctuary: Nigel Griffin. Stargate SG-1: Deputy - Agent Cross. Stargate Universe: Morrison. (he was significant in Sanctuary and had a high episode list for Stargate, so no arguing)

Colin Cunnigham. Sanctuary: Gerald (one episode). Stargate: Major Paul Davis.

Paul McGillion. Sanctuary: Terrance Wexford (four eps + webisodes). Stargate Atlantis: Carson Beckett.

David Hewlett. Sanctuary: Larry Tolson (webisodes). Stargate: Rodney McKay.

Kavan Smith. Sanctuary: Joe Kavanaugh (two episodes + webisodes). Stargate: Evan Lorne.

David Nykl. Sanctuary: Strickland (one episode). Stargate Atlantis: Radek Zelenka.

Sarah Strange. Sanctuary: Allison Grant (one episode). Stargate: Morgan Le Fey.

Dan Shea. Sanctuary: Transit Cop 2 (one episode). Stargate: Sergeant Siler.

Gary Jones. Sanctuary: George (one episode). Stargate: Walter Harriman.

Peter Flemming. Sanctuary: FBI Agent Bruce Tanner (one episode). Stargate: Agent Barret.

Martin Christopher. Sanctuary: False Priest/Father Clark. Stargate: Kevin Marks.

Barclay Hope. Sanctuary: Security Force Commander (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Col. Lionel Pendergast.

Peter DeLuise. Sanctuary: Ernie Watts (one episode/webisodes). Stargate SG-1: Sal's Diner Customer, Wormhole X-treme Replacement Actor, plus 20 other roles. Stargate Atlantis: Dr. P. Smith (uncredited). Stargate Universe: Peter. (<- also directed all four shows)

Significant in Sanctuary but not Stargate:

Shekhar Paleja (Credited in both as Shaker Paleja). Sanctuary: Ravi Ganapathiraman. Stargate SG-1: Jaffa. Stargate Atlantis: Doctor (uncredited, six episodes).

Ian Tracey. Sanctuary: Adam Worth. Stargate SG-1: Smith.

Pascale Hutton. Sanctuary: Abby Corrigan. Stargate Atlantis: First Officer Trebel. (<- almost/should have been main cast in Sanctuary)

Carlo Rota. Sanctuary: Richard Feliz. Stargate Universe: Carl Strom.

Other Actors in Mostly Minor Roles in Both (but often more significant in Sanctuary, for obvious reasons) Listed in Order of Sanctuary Appearance:

Lauren K. Robek (Credited as Kirsten Robeck in both). Sanctuary: Maryanne Zimmerman (three episodes). Stargate SG-1: Lieutenant Astor.

Sheri Rabold (credited as Sheri Noel in all). Sanctuary: Molly (two episodes/webisodes), Helen Magnus Stand-in. Stargate SG-1: Physiotherapist. Stargate Atlantis: Scientist, Lab assistant.

Laura Mennel. Sanctuary: Caird (one episode/webisodes). Stargate SG-1: Mary. Stargate Atlantis: Sanir.

Alex Zahara. Sanctuary: Carver (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Motion Capture Warrior, Warrick Finn, Iron Shirt, Eggar, Shy One, Alien Leader, Alien #1, Micahel Xe'ls.

Peter Bryant. Sanctuary: Cabal Team Leader (two episodes). Stargate SG-1: Hoskins and Fro'tak.

MacKenzie Gray. Sanctuary: Mr. Jones (one episode). Stargate Infinity: Pahk'kal, Napoleon Bonaparte (voices).

Matthew Walker. Sanctuary: Oliver Braithewaite (one episode). Stargate SG-1/The Ark of Truth: Merlin/Roham.

David Richmond-Peck. Sanctuary: Jake Polanski (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Jaffa Leader. Stargate Atlantis: Toran.

Panou. Sanctuary: Sylvio (two episodes). Stargate SG-1: Lt. Fisher.

Katherine Isabelle. Sanctuary: Sophie (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Valencia.

Chuck Campell. Sanctuary: Two-Faced Guy. Stargate: Chuck the Technician.

Gabrielle Rose. Sanctuary: Ruth Meyers (one episode). Stargate: The Ark of Truth: Alterean Woman #2.

Daryl Shuttleworth. Sanctuary: (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Commander Tegar, Commander Rigar.

Rukiya Bernard. Sanctuary: Kayla Bradley (one episode). Stargate Universe: Airman Richmond.

Alex Diakun. Sanctuary: Doctor (three episodes). Stargate SG-1: Tarek Solaman.

Chris Gauthier. Sanctuary: Walter (two episodes). Stargate: Mattas and Hertis.

Anne Marie DeLuise. Sanctuary: Rachel (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Amy Vandenberg, Farrell.

Aleks Paunovic. Sanctuary: Duke (one episode). Stargate Atlantis: Rakai.

Ryan Kennedy. Sanctuary: Darrin Wilson (one episode). Stargate Universe: Dr. Williams.

Terry Chen. Sanctuary: Charles (three episodes). Stargate SG-1: Monk.

Nimet Kanji. Sanctuary: Pili (two episodes). Stargate Atlantis: Doctor.

Ron Selmour. Sanctuary: Kanaan (three episodes). Stargate Atlantis: Jannick.

Raquel Riskin. Sanctuary: Cheryl (one episode). Stargate Universe: Mindy.

Eric Keenleyside. Sanctuary: Det. Michael Bronson (one episodes). Stargate SG-1: Fred.

Michael J Rogers. Sanctuary: Stanley O'Farrel (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Major Escher, Col. Richard Kendrick, Colonel John Michaels.

Fabrice Grover. Sanctuary: Father Nathaniel Jensen (one episode). Stargate: The Ark of Truth: Amelius.

Allison Hossack. Sanctuary: Lillian (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Zerina Valk. Stargate Atlantis: Perna.

Scott McNeil. Sanctuary: Birot (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Kefflin, Townsperson.

Jody Thompson. Sanctuary: Fallon (three episodes). Stargate Atlantis: Hospital Nurse.

Nels Lannarson. Sanctuary: Commander Tollan, Praxian Guardsman. (two episodes). Stargate SG-1: Major Green. Stargate Atlantis: Captain Holland.

Sean Rogerson. Sanctuary: Castor (one episode). Stargate Atlantis: Nevik.

Richard de Klerk. Sanctuary: U.S. Sergeant (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Dominic, Joe.

Aaron Brooks. Sanctuary: Lieutenant Hallman (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Nisal.

Collen Winton. Sanctuary: Anna (one episode). Stargate SG-1: National Security Advisor, Dr. Greene.

David Milchard. Sanctuary: Garris. Stargate Atlantis: SGC Technician.

Greyston Holt. Sanctuary: Lt. Coxswell (two episodes). Stargate Universe: Corporal Reynolds.

Brian Markinson. Sanctuary: Greg Addison. Stargate SG-1: Lotan.

Lara Gilchrist. Sanctuary: Cassidy (one episode). Stargate Atlantis: Dr. Hewston.

John Novak. Sanctuary: Thug Boss (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Colonel William Ronson.

Martin Cummins. Sanctuary: Brad Sylvester (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Aiden Corso.

Kurt Evans. Sanctuary: Agent Gavin Crealy (two episodes). Stargate SG-1: Col. Johnson.

Sage Brocklebank. Sanctuary: Canadian Press Photographer (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Rand Protectorate Tech.

Kwesi Ameyaw. Sanctuary: Colonel Bosh (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Olokun. Stargate Atlantis: Technical Sergeant.

J.C. Williams. Sanctuary: SCIU Agent (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Jaffa (uncredited), Stargate Universe: Marine (uncredited).

Caroline Cave. Sanctuary: Sheila Delacourt (one episode). Stargate Atlantis: Dr. Cole. Stargate Universe: Dana.

Brent Stait. Sanctuary: Finn Noland (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Major Louis Ferretti.

Richard Stroh. Sanctuary: Orin (one episode). Stargate Atlantis: Genii Soldier #2.

Venus Terzo. Sanctuary: Capt. Franklin (one episode). Stargate SG-1: Dr. Francine Michaels.

I spent entirely too much time on this, but I really got going. I also probably missed a few people (and didn't even start on the crew because of so much overlap). I'm not sure if this is just Vancouver film industry at work or what, but I am done.

[john-laurens]

John Laurens's black regiment plan may or may not have been known by Andrew Pebbles, a black private from Virginia who noted Laurens's death in his 1818 pension application. On the day before his discharge, Pebbles, who had been wounded in the shoulder, hand, and stomach at Eutaw Springs, participated in the action that spelled the young Laurens's demise. Pebbles noted that Laurens had replaced another officer, Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lee, who had gone home to get married. The black man did not know that Laurens disobeyed orders when he led his men against a British foraging unit. He did not mention that in a last futile attempt at glory, young Laurens had put his men's lives on the line. Indeed, three men died, two on the field and one later on from his wounds. Thirty-six years later, when Pebbles recounted his revolutionary service for the court, this African American veteran's wife and child were still enslaved. The entangled stories of blacks and whites are evident in the case of the Laurenses and Andrew Pebbles. As a free black soldier, Pebbles personified John Laurens's aspirations. The old veteran's family situation, on the other hand, reflected Henry Laurens's failure to make his private convictions a reality in his lifetime.

From Standing in Their Own Light: African American Patriots in the American Revolution by Judith L. Van Buskirk

[toastytrusty]

my unwillingness to ever go within a mile of gregory d massey's john laurens biography has me resorting to a biography about henry laurens from 1915 that is accompanied by "a sketch of the life of lieutenant colonel john laurens" and it is throwing mad shade it's lowkey funny

[theolddivorcedzukka]

twirling my hair in national park service dot com reading about lieutenant colonel john laurens

[nordleuchten]

24 Days of La Fayette: December 22nd – Jean-Baptiste, Chevalier de Gouvion

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 3, April 27, 1780–March 29, 1781, Cornell University Press, 1980, p. 251.

Jean-Baptiste, Chevalier de Gouvion was born on January 8, 1747 to Jean François Gouvion and Marguerite Catherine Olry. He was the oldest of at least thirteen children. His father was a police officer and several of his brothers and cousins found their way into the army, often as engineer’s and often in high-ranking positions. At least one of his cousins was later knighted – like Gouvion himself.

Gouvion joined the army as an engineer. He had been commissioned first lieutenant of engineers in 1771, and later decided to join the War in America. He became a brevet captain shortly prior to his departure. Contrasting to La Fayette, Gouvion was permitted to do so. He sailed from Nantes on March 5, 1777 with a group of French military engineers. The expedition was organized by Benjamin Franklin. The group arrived in North Carolina and travelled to Philadelphia, there to present themselves to the Continental Congress on July 5, 1777. He was granted the rank of major of engineers and on November 17, 1777 he was made a lieutenant-colonel.

The Marquis de La Fayette valued Gouvion’s skills and character and after a visit to several native American tribes, La Fayette send Gouvion to oversee the construction of a small fort. He wrote in his Memoirs:

The Oneidas and the Tuscaroras, our only true friends, asked for a fort, and M. de Lafayette left with them M. de Gouvion, a French officer who had a rare combination of intelligence, talent, and virtue. Whenever the army needed Indians, or there was any business to be conducted with those tribes, they always had recourse to the influence of M. de Lafayette, whose necklaces and words the Indians respected.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 248.

Gouvion enjoyed La Fayette’s complete trust, and his skills soon impressed several other officers, amongst them George Washington. Gouvion was accompanied by another man that would go one to become one of La Fayette’s aide-de-camps – Louis Tousard. When Gouvion’s work was finished, La Fayette wrote to Henry Laurens on June 7, 1778:

Clel. Gouvion is just coming from the indians. That gentleman has been of a greater use to America among them than it is possible to say. It is uncommon to join a greater modesty, to greater science, more agreable [illegible word] and more profound parts as an officer and gentleman.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1978, p. 71.

Gouvion found himself again in the employ of La Fayette during the continuation of the campaign of 1778. The Marquis wrote to the Comte D’Estaing on July 30, 1778:

Since General Washington told me to take an engineer with me, I took and now send to Providence M. de Gouvion, captain in France in the engineering regiment, who lives up to the most flattering idea one might have of him.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1978, pp. 124-125.

On the same day, La Fayette also wrote to General John Sullivan with whom he was supposed to rendezvous:

I send forward to you Lt. Colonel Gouvion of the engeneers whom I have brought with me. He is one of the most sensible and worthy gentlemen I ever met with. His military knowledge in the engeneery way is compleat. In a word I have selected and desir’d him from Gal. Porta'll as the very man I was glad to have with us.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1978, p. 126.

By the end of 1778, Gouvion worked for Major General Alexander McDougall at West Point. McDougall wrote to George Washington on December 10, 1778:

But to effect this, and secure West Point, I shall want more heavy Cannon, I wish therefore to have your Excellency’s Order for those at Boston, which I am informed are subject to it. Cannot Some of the Somerset’s Cannon be procured for those important purposes? If either can be procured, no Time should be lost. It is for those Services I request Colonel Delaradiere or Lieut. Colonel Gouvion to be with me, to assist me in whatever I may be deficient in Science. The latter I would prefer, if he is equally qualifyed. (…) I have directed Lieutenant Colonel Gouvion the Engeneer, to repair to West Point with me to make an accurate Report of the present State of the works.

“To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 10 December 1778,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 18, 1 November 1778 – 14 January 1779, ed. Edward G. Lengel. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2008, pp. 389–393.] (07/04/2023)

George Washington replied on December16, 1778:

You will detain Colo. Gouvion with you ’till you hear further on the subject. General Du Portail, to whom I generally leave the particular arrangements of his Corps, is now at Philadelphia. Inclosed is a line to Mr Gouvion directing him to continue with you ’till further orders.

“From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 16 December 1778,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 18, 1 November 1778 – 14 January 1779, ed. Edward G. Lengel. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2008, pp. 425–426.] (07/04/2023)

McDougall was delighted by Gouvion’s work and Gouvion would continue to work at West Point and surrounding sites like Stoney Point and King’s Ferry for the whole of 1779. He lend his talents to Generals Wayne, Woodford and Heath among others.

By August of 1779 he took a short break from his engineering duties and sat on the court martial for Colonel Armand. See the General Orders from August 5, 1779:

The Commander in Chief directs a General Court Martial to sit at the ussual place tomorrow morning ten ôclock for the trial of Colonel Armand. Colonel Stewart to preside. Colonel Gouvion, Lieutenant Colonels Ford, Dubuisson & Littlefield; Majors De La Neuville, Leavensworth & Ville Franche Captain Du Ponceau and a Captain from the Maryland Pennsylvania and Connecticutt Lines and the Garrison to attend as Members.

“General Orders, 5 August 1779,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 22, 1 August–21 October 1779, ed. Benjamin L. Huggins. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013, pp. 35–37.] (07/04/2023)

By early 1780, the question of Gouvion’s future in the Continental Army arose. Washington wrote a letter on January 2, 1780 to Samuel Huntington:

Congress were pleased by their resolution of the 1st of January last to express their desire of retaining Brigadier General Du Portail, Colonels La Radiere and Laumoy, and Lt Col. De Gouvion in the service of these states for another campaing, if agreeable to them. These gentlemen having accepted the invitation, have now completed the term to which it extended; and it is with pleasure I can inform Congress that their subsequent conduct has more than justified the opinio⟨n⟩ expressed in my letter on which that resolution is founded. They have been particularly useful in the course of this last period, and have acquired general esteem and confidence⟨.⟩ I cannot forbear adding that the better the gentleman at the head of the corps is known the more he is found to be a man of abilities, and of distinguished military merit.

“From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 2 January 1780,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 24, 1 January–9 March 1780, ed. Benjamin L. Huggins. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2016, pp. 8–10.] (07/04/2023)

Prompted by a letter from Brigadier General Duportail from April 2, 1780 to George Washington, Gouvion was for a short time transferred to Washington’s command. The commander-in-chief wrote on April 28, 1780 to Major General Robert Howe:

General DuPortail being gone to the Southward, it is necessary that Col. Gouvion should repair to this army. If there are any previous arrangements you wish him to make, you will be pleased to direct him to make them and to set out for Head Quarters as speedily as he can.

“From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 28 April 1780,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 25, 10 March–12 May 1780, ed. William M. Ferraro. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2017, pp. 505–506.] (07/04/2023)

These arrangements did not last long however, since Gouvion’s arrival was delayed and by June 26, 1780, Washington had ordered Gouvion to return to West Point. Therefore, by 1780, Gouvion again worked on the fortifications of West Point. In General Duportail’s absence, he was the commander of the corps of engineers and effectively displaced Colonel Thaddeus Kosciuszko, who had previously been the chief engineer at West Point. Kosciuszko wrote Washington on July 30, 1780:

To this day I have not received your Excellencys order respecting my destination, having nothing to do at present as all the artifficers are directed to receive Leut. Colo: Gouvions orders, I beg your Excellency to give me permision to leave the Engeneer Department and direct me a Command in the Light Infantry in the Army under your immediate Command or the Army at the Southward agreable to my ranck I now hold.

“To George Washington from Colonel Thaddeus Kosciuszko, 30 July 1780,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 27, 5 July–27 August 1780, ed. Benjamin L. Huggins. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019, p. 359.] (07/04/2023)

It was around this time, in late 1780, after Arnolds Treason, that Gouvion wished to join La Fayette as an aide-de-camp. The Marquis wrote Nathanael Greene on November 10, 1780:

Upon My Giving a hint to Clel. Gouvion that I had Some desire of joining you, he has Earnestly Requested I would take him as a Volonteer aid de Camp.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 3, April 27, 1780–March 29, 1781, Cornell University Press, 1980, p. 223.

Shortly after Arnold’s treason has become public, Gouvion with a small party of men had arrested Joshua Hett Smith. Now he was sent with La Fayette to inspect the Forts Lee and Washington and La Fayette praised that Gouvion “with the eyes of an engineer” would see things that he himself missed. In March of 1781, Gouvion was permitted by George Washington to meet with General Rochambeau to pay his respects and to meet with friends that served under Rochambeau.

On April 8, 1781, Washington wrote to La Fayette:

It is General duPortails desire that Colo. Gouvion may return to him. Independant of the occasion which there may be for him here, there is another reason which operates against his going with you, it is, that he would interfere with Colo. Kosciusko who has been considered as the commanding Engineer with the southern Army.

“From George Washington to Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 8 April 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives, [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of George Washington. It is not an authoritative final version.] (07/04/2023)

To which La Fayette replied on April 13, 1780:

I Have Received Your Excellency’s Letter Relating to Clel Gouvion—it would Have Been Very Agreable to Me to keep this officer (…)

“To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 13 April 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives, [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of George Washington. It is not an authoritative final version.] (07/04/2023)

When La Fayette took command of troops in Richmond, he wrote Washington on May 24, 1781:

As I am for the present fixed in the command of the troops in this State, I Beg it as a great favor that you will please to send me Clel Gouvion. Should a jonction Be made with General Greene He will act as my aid de camp.

“To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 24 May 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives, [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of George Washington. It is not an authoritative final version.] (07/04/2023)

Washington ordered Gouvion on September 2, 1781, to join La Fayette’s camp in Virginia and there to await his orders. He arrived in camp on September 10. Just after the Battle of Yorktown, Gouvion desired to return home to his native France – he had been in America these past four years. In answer to the application George Washington wrote to General Duportail on October 26, 1781:

In answer to your letter of the 24th I beg leave to inform you, that as no immediate operation requires your presence in this country, I shall most chearfully second your application to Congress for a Six months furlough to yourself & Col. Gouvion for the purpose of arranging your private affairs in France. (…) I cannot forebear addg at the same time it will always afford me the greatest pleasure at all times to give the most particular testimony of the zeal, talents and distinguished services of yourself and Colonel Gouvion—and entreat you to be persuaded of my earnest wish that you may receive those rewards from Congress which you desire, at a more convenient opportunity.

“From George Washington to Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle Duportail, 26 October 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives, [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of George Washington. It is not an authoritative final version.] (07/04/2023)

Gouvion returned to France on the same ship that brought La Fayette and few other French officers home. Before he left, he received a glowing recommendation from General Washington:

From the particular recommendations of General Du Portail—and from my own particular observation—I feel the highest pleasure in rendering justice to the distinguished military Talents of Lt Colonel Gouvion, and his indefatigable perseverance in the most valuable services—his Decisive judgement and spirit of enterprise have been conspicuous on all occasions—particularly in the late siege of York—where the opening of the Trenches, the commencement of the second parallel—a very important lodgement in two of the Enemys works that were carried Sword in hand, and their connexion with our attacks—were committed to him—and executed under his orders with that energy and precision which constitute the great Engineer.

“From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste de Gouvion, 31 October 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives, [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of George Washington. It is not an authoritative final version.] (07/04/2023)

John Jay noted in his diary that Duportail and Gouvion set out for America on October 15, 1782 and went right back to work. He was apparently in such a demand, that Washington wrote to La Fayette on March 23, 1783:

As it is your wish, I have given Colo. Gouvion my consent to meet you at the rendezvous appointed him—& he sets out with all the alacrity of a friend to attend it. You must receive him as a precious loan because I esteem and value him and because it is to you only I would part with him.

“From George Washington to Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 23 March 1783,” Founders Online, National Archives, [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of George Washington. It is not an authoritative final version.] (07/04/2023)

When Gouvion resigned his commission in October of 1783 to return to France once and for all, now that the War was finished, he had already received numerous official and unofficial recommendations. During his return trip to France, he had received a promotion in the French army, and it was there that he resumed his career. He was promoted to Mestre de camp in 1787.

But the fun should not come too short. We have several invitations from Benjamin Franklin and John Adams for example, as well as protocols of the French chapter of the Society of the Cincinnati that all mention Gouvion. Then we also have this letter from Duportail to George Washington from March 3, 1784:

I saw yesterday for the first time a man in the Clouds and with Colonel gouvion we Regretted that you Could not enjoy so extraordinary view.

“To George Washington from Duportail, 3 March 1784,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Confederation Series, vol. 1, 1 January 1784 – 17 July 1784, ed. W. W. Abbot. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992, pp. 168–169.] (07/04/2023)

With the begin of the French Revolution and La Fayette’s appointment as commander of the newly formed National Guard, Gouvion joined his old friend and became a Major in the National Guard. He was one of the officers on duty on the night of June 20, 1791. Despite this blunder, he was made a Maréchal de camp on June 30, 1791. On September 7 of the same year, he became a deputy for Paris in the Legislative Assembly but he became disillusioned after the mutiny at Nancy. His brother was one of the commanding officers at Nancy and was killed during the mutiny. Gouvion was enraged by the pardons that some of the troop received and after his episode (and a duel that he fought with a fellow deputy of the assembly, Choudien) left the assembly altogether to again join La Fayette on the field.

Jean-Baptiste, Chevalier de Gouvion was killed in action by a cannonball during the battle at Grisuelle by Maubeuge on June 11, 1792. La Fayette made sure that his friend was buried with all honours.

While this post is long enough as it is, permit me one last quote to illustrate the trust that Gouvion’s character had earned. The Marquis de La Fayette wrote on September 1, 1781:

Inclosed I send you His letter and that of Mis. de St Simon Both of whom I Request you will Have translated By Tilmangh or Gouvion alone as there are parts of them personal which I do not choose to show to others

“To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 1 September 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives, [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of George Washington. It is not an authoritative final version.] (07/04/2023)

[rainswhenyourehere]

⋆ now i'm getting colder ⋆

characters ☆ alexander hamilton, george washington, john laurens, marquis de lafayette pairings ☆ alexander hamilton & john laurens, alexander hamilton & marquis de lafayette, alexander hamilton & george washington

tws ☆ minor mentions of blood & gun violence

whumpcember day 3. hypothermia

fic under cut

✦•······················•✦•······················•✦

It was cold. So, so cold. Alexander fumbled in the snow, footprints trailing after him as he struggled to make his way forward. He could only pray that he was going the right way, back to camp, but the pine trees in the forest were identical to each other.

He hadn’t planned to get separated – of course he hadn’t. The battle had just taken him like a hurricane, the gunshots echoing around him until silence had fallen. He had paused, watched the redcoat he had just shot fall. Then his gaze had flickered around, the blood staining the snow, the blur of red and blue jackets too much. He had felt bile creep up his throat, the instinct to run overwhelming him.

So he had run, the red of the blood changing to the steady, calm green of the pines as he kicked up snow in his wake. Eventually he had stopped, bending over, placing his hands on his knees as he catched his breath. Then he had looked around, and realized with a flash of dread that he was lost.

Alexander flexed his fingers, exhaling shakily. His breath formed a cloud of moisture in the air. Another shiver shook his body, causing him to wrap his arms around himself. The snow crunched under his shoes.

He wasn’t sure how long he had been wandering in the woods, with no sign of life around. After finding himself alone in the middle of the forest, he had tried to go back the way he came. However, due to having run away in a daze, he couldn’t find the way he came. He had tried calling for help, but the only thing that had replied had been the echoes.

A long time, he supposed. At least that’s what it felt like, each of his steps growing slower as he felt the warmth leave him. That wasn’t a good sign.

Alexander stumbled, his weak steps guiding him to lean against a tree before his knees gave out. Slowly sliding down, he curled in on himself, bringing his numb legs up against his body. His head hurt.

It was so cold. It was so cold. It was so cold. He felt tears flowing down his cheeks, his eyes shutting in pain as his teeth chattered.

He was so cold. And so alone.

✮ 

“Alexander!” John rushed outside. He had seen the troops returning from his room, and had something to tell Alexander — but he froze after a while, his gaze flickering in the crowd. There was no sign of his blue-eyed friend.

“Where’s Alexander?” he demanded, turning to one of the leaders of the troop. He watched confusion shift to recognition and guilt on the other’s face. John furrowed his eyebrows. No. “Where’s Alexander?”

He asked again, raising his voice this time, a stern look in his eyes. The soldier bit his lip, clearing his throat. “We couldn’t find Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton after the battle was over. We had to leave.”

“You mean he’s still out there?” John’s voice was panicked, his mind whirring. “Alone? In the cold?”

“That would be right,” the soldier’s voice was barely a whisper. “That is, unless he…”

“Died,” John mumbled, the other nodding. John took deep breaths as he felt rage coming over him. “What the fuck!? Say it! Say it, you motherfucker! Tell me you left him to fucking die !”

John grasped the soldier’s collar with a rapid motion, spitting the words out of his mouth with disgust. He could hear people gasping, people shouting, but all he cared about was that they had left Alexander. God, they were about to pay for i—

“Laurens!” a strong, determined voice boomed and John could feel arms around him. He kicked as they pulled him away, leaving the soldier to fall, gasping. John looked up and — oh, he had fucked up — saw Washington.

“Mind explaining yourself?” the commander asked, one eyebrow lifted. He certainly wasn’t pleased, but that wasn’t what John worried about.

“Your Excellency, sir,” he said, saluting. Washington offered a small nod in response as John struggled to get his words out. “I apologize for my rash behaviour– it’s just- Alexander—”

“Yes, that’s what I was planning to ask you about,” Washington hummed, his gaze turning to the returning men. John watched them freeze, saw the glances exchanged. “I have some work for him, where is he?”

Silence. Cowards , John thought, grimacing as everyone’s gazes flickered away. Therefore, he stepped up. “They left him, sir.”

Washington blinked slowly, taking in a deep breath. “Pardon me?”

“We couldn’t find him, he had run off somewhere, we had to—,” a soldier started, but Washington cut him off, eyes closed.

“Laurens?” John replied with a quick sir as Washington continued. “Get a group of men, I’ll deal with these.”

John nodded, moving quickly. He knew that there wasn’t time to waste. Alexander could be anywhere out there, freezing, alone—

“John?” he turned around to be met with a confused Lafayette. “What’s happening? Where’s Alex?”

“They left him, Laf,” Laurens answered, frowning. Lafayette’s expression shifted to rage and then sadness. “Come with me, get some people. I’ll go grab the horses.”

His French friend nodded, turning around. Laurens headed for the stables, praying that Alexander could wait for a while more.

✮ 

They couldn’t find him.

John hated himself for not going with Alexander when he had volunteered to lead the next troop. He hated Washington for allowing Alexander to go — it was just a small battle after all —, he hated the other soldiers for leaving Alexander behind, he hated—

“Laurens!” a sharp voice pulled him out of his thoughts. He blinked, exchanged a glance with Lafayette before dismounting his horse. With quick steps, he rushed to the voice. A couple of men were standing in a huddled group around a tree. John halted near them, clearing his throat to get their attention.

A couple of them lifted their heads, nudging the rest as the group backed up with worried glances and low whispers. John’s eyebrows furrowed in confusion before he saw the body leaning against the tree.

Alexander.

“Oh god no,” he mumbled as he frantically threw himself next to his friend. John gasped at Alexander’s coldness, fumbling to get his jacket off, throwing it around the other. Alexander looked so fragile, so weak. “No no no no no, stay alive, Alex, please .”

A wave of relief washed over him as the younger opened his eyes, a bleary but confused look in them. Alexander coughed a few weak times before blinking, his gaze flickering to John. “Whuh- where–”

“Is he alive?” another figure — Lafayette — kneeled down, wrapping his arms around Alexander, who let his head drop, let his eyes close. John sighed, standing up. Lafayette did the same, hoisting Alexander up.

“Alex?” a groan. John took it. “Stay alive, you’re safe, we’re here. We need to get him back.”

That last sentence was directed to Lafayette, who nodded, rushing towards their horses as John gathered their men, making sure that no one had been left behind — he wouldn’t be making the same mistake as the others.

✮ 

Voices.

Alexander forced his eyes open, wincing at the bright lights that greeted him. However, a silhouette covered them soon, familiar eyes greeting him.

“L- Jack?” he sounded weak, his voice shaky. Something in John’s face softened and he felt a hand grasp his own.

“Alex,” the other responded softly. “You’re awake.”

Alexander nodded, his gaze flickering around. He was laying down in his bed, he realized. Why? Shouldn’t he be working with Washington?

He inhaled sharply upon recalling his memories, a chill making its way across his body as he remembered the cold. God, he had been so cold. He could feel his mind slipping, but the grasp on his hand tightened, grounding him to reality. Alexander blinked, looking at John with thankful eyes.

“I thought… I thought I was done for,” he whispered. John sighed, stroked a strand of loose hair behind Alexander’s ear.

“Hey. You’re alright now,” John smiled, and Alexander nodded. “Do you think you can drink some tea?”

Alexander shrugged his shoulders, swallowing. It seemed fine, and he struggled to sit up, groaning as John aided him, reorganizing his blankets. “I suppose.”

As if on cue, Lafayette entered with a cup. He froze, concern shifting to relief as Alexander smiled weakly, greeting him. John stood up, taking the cup of tea as Lafayette rushed to Alexander’s side.

“I- mon petit lion, est-ce que tu vas bien ?” the Frenchman asked frantically. Alexander chuckled, accepting the tea from John, taking a small sip. It was sweet and warm.

“I will be,” he said eventually, and Lafayette sighed, a smile on his face.

“Thank god.”

A knock on the door interrupted them, startling Alexander, who nearly dropped his cup. He set it down on his nightstand after taking another sip while Lafayette walked away to open the door.

“I see you’re awake, so- Alexander,” Alexander stilled upon hearing that voice, a chill running down his spine. Although he knew the other wasn’t the type to do so, his instincts awaited a lecture mixed with shouting, the image of his father flashing in his mind. Slowly, he looked up and met Washington’s blue-gray eyes, the emotions in them unreadable.

Alexander cleared his throat. “I– Your Excellency, sir. I apologize for… for running off during the battle, it was rash and inconsiderate of me. It won’t happen again, I promise.”

Silence. Alexander gulped, but then the general smiled softly, shaking his head. “None of that matters now, Alexander. Are you feeling alright?”

Alexander released an anxious breath he had been holding, his body relaxing. “Yes, sir. I… I’m doing better.”

“Glad to hear,” there was a hint of relief in Washington’s voice, his presence calming. “Make sure you fully recover before coming back to work.”

Alexander shifted under the stern look of the older, remembering his tendencies to overwork himself. He produced a small but determined nod, and Washington smiled again.

“Well, I’ll be taking my leave now. If you need anything, I’ll be in my office. Oh, and Laurens?”

“Yes, sir.”

“Make sure colonel Hamilton actually is fine before letting him leave, even if he insists otherwise,” with that, Washington exited, leaving Alexander to pout while John and Laf chuckled silently.

Lafayette stood up, grabbing the cup on the nightstand. “I’ll get going too, I’ll come back later,” he said, a tone of hesitation in his voice. Alexander turned towards him.

“Yeah. I’ll be alright,” he assured, resulting in a relieved sigh from the other. “Thanks, Laf.”

“Anytime, mon petit lion . Anytime.”

And then the door closed, leaving John and Alexander alone. The latter yawned and John shot a worried glance at him. “Alex?”

“It’s nothing, Laurens. I’m just tired,” Alexander responded, receiving an understanding hum. John helped Alexander back into a laying position, resulting in a few grunts. However, soon he was tucked under the blankets, his mind growing foggy as he started slipping into sleep.

“Rest, Alex. I’ll be here,” John whispered, taking his hand.

Alexander’s eyes fluttered shut as he sighed, thankful as warmth enveloped him. He was safe now.

[coriline]

About J. Laurens trust (in Hamilton)

“⟨In respect⟩ to the Commission, which you ⟨received from⟩ Congress, all the world must think your conduct perfectly right. Indeed your ideas upon this occasion seem not to have their wonted accuracy; and you have had scruples, in a great measure, without foundation. By your appointment as Aide De Camp to the Commander in Chief, you had as much the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, as any officer in the line—your receiving a commission as Lieutenant Colonel from the date of that appointment, does not in the least injure or interfere with one of them; unless by virtue of it you are introduced into a particular regiment in violation of the right of succession”

“The only thing I see wrong in the affair is this—Congress by their conduct, both on the former and present occasion, appear to have intended to confer a privilege, an honor, a mark of distinction, a something upon you; which they withold from other Gentlemen in the family. This carries with it an air of preference, which, though we can all truly say, we love your character, and admire your military merit, cannot fail to give some of us uneasy sensations. But in this, my Dear J I wish you to understand me well. The blame, if there is any, falls wholly upon Congress. I repeat it, your conduct has been perfectly right and even laudable; you rejected the offer when you ought to have rejected it; and you accepted ⟨it⟩ when you ought to have accepted it; and let me ⟨add⟩ with a degree of overscrupulous delicacy. It ⟨was necessary⟩ to your project; your ⟨project⟩ was the public good; and I should have done the same. In hesitating, you have refined upon the refinements of generosity.”

Source

I haven't ever put much attention to this instance in the Laurens-Hamilton relationship, however looking back in Laurens' character and personality is so valuable he trusted enough in Hamilton's opinion and moral to talk about his fears in accepting a new rank.

In general, Laurens looked to be a reserved person about his insecurities and fears, during the war his closest correspondence was with his father and Hamilton. Doing a quick research through him and his father's correspondence, the most remarkable characteristic thing in their letters are the amount of news about war, generally Laurens didn't expose his worries to his father. (Their correspondence)

“As a Soldier, as a Citizen, as a Man—I am interested to

engage in this work—and I would chearfully sacrifice the largest portion of my future expectations to its success”

From John Laurens to Henry Laurens, 10th march 1779

That phenomenon isn't strange, and it doesn't point an negative aspect exclusive from HL's parenthood, despite their letters lack of personal matters and are over all focused in communicating military matters, considering the time and their devotion to war it isn't a surprise: Laurens being the oldest son and starting to develop an “independence” from his father through his work in the war, was expected to matter about military matters and stop searching comfort in his father, starting to being perceived as an “equal” by his father.

In fact, what is strange is that Laurens revealed some of his worries to Hamilton, and even when a new rank can look poorly important for us, for Laurens was a big step. Again, during the war, Laurens develops (or reveals) the most characteristic parts of his personality and aspirations, far from his father's influence he could develop a circle of friends he could choose by himself, being in an environment where he could (try to) achieve his fantasies about honor and martyrs. It is pretty sure you don't need to read his letters to know the war was highly significant to him.

And is for this grade of importance that military life has on him, it's so meaningful he trusted Hamilton to share his worries about accepting a new rank. Being someone with the mind so filled with idealizations about how he had to be as “a Soldier, as a Citizen, as a Man” the fact he let himself share his preoccupations with Hamilton just can mean he admired Hamilton as a Soldier, Citizen, and Man, and he trusted enough in his judgement to know Hamilton would give him a sincere and trustful advise.

And let himself be enough vulnerable to search advice and some comfort in Hamilton.

If we talk about his younger years, the correspondence is much more affectionate and personal, but this does have some explanations. First, Laurens, being a student, had mostly academical worries and generally those worries were decided or highly influenced by his tutors and father (Again, it's during war where he gains some “independence”). Second, considering his position and the 18th century concept of masculinity, it was expected of him turning more serious and reserved, or at very least, nice in a way where worries or weakness couldn't be perceived, specially being in the middle of a war. Third, I suspect due to his great desires of perfection, in some way he limited himself in expressing worries and weakness.

However, it's pretty clear he broke this illusion of ideal man with Hamilton.

“For your own sake, for my sake, for the public sake, I shall pray for the success of the attempt you mention; that you may have it in your power to act with us. But if you should be disappointed, bear it like a man; and have recourse, neither to the dagger, nor to the poisoned bowl, nor to the rope.”

Source

The clear implication of Laurens' mental state is enough to prove to know Hamilton had a clear knowledge of Laurens' mental state, the fact Laurens trusted enough in him to reveal and trust those parts of him, not only going against of his hard self-views but also going against of what masculinity meant back then.

It's simply nice to see how Hamilton meant a secure place for Laurens (and how it was reciprocated), there are so many little details among them that just show how much they meant for each other. They both being obsessed with honor and glory, they were totally able to see that desired glory and achievement in the other, even after knowing their least liked sides.

 “I would not wish to have you for a moment withdrawn from the public service; at the same time, my friendship for you, and knowlege of your value to the United States, make me most ardently desire, that you should fill only the first offices of the Republic.”

Source

“Let me know fully Yr. Southern affairs. They are interesting and critical. You are judicious and impartial. God bless you.”

Source

Naturally, this isn't the only shows of trust Laurens had with Hamilton, but I had been thinking about this a time ago.

[coffee-n-bagels-comic-universe]

Neutralised (1994) [3/?]: My Version of The Shared Universe

For those of you unfamiliar with 'Chicago Hope', it was actually set in a shared universe. Also, 'Suspiciously Similar' characters will be involved (Due to actors playing multiple roles). This is my take on that:

Shows:

Chicago Hope

Homicide: Life on the Street

Law & Order

Neutralised

Oz

Picket Fences

characters (I'm not listing anyone who was in 20 episodes or less) under the cut. Also technically these are not all the characters as I'm still writing stuff.

Chicago Hope - Characters (& Actors):

Doctor Aaron Shutt (Adam Arkin)

Doctor Phillip Watters (Hector Elizondo)

Doctor William 'Billy' Kronk (Peter Berg)

Doctor Dennis Hancock (Vlondie Curtis-Hall)

Doctor Diane Grad (Jayne Brook)

Doctor Keith Wilkes (Rocky Carroll)

Doctor Jack McNeil (Mark Harmon)

Doctor Daniel Nyland (Thomas Gibson)

Doctor Jeffrey Geiger (Mandy Patinkin)

Nurse Camille Shutt (Roxanne Hart)

Doctor Lisa Catera (Stacy Edwards)

Alan Birch (Peter MacNicol)

Doctor Joseph Cacaci (Bob Bancroft)

Doctor Robert Yeats (Eric Stoltz)

Doctor Gina Simon (Carla Gugino)

Doctor Jeremy Hanlon (Lauren Holly)

Doctor Francesca Alberghetti (Barbara Hershey)

Homicide: Life on the Street - Characters (& Actors)

Detective John Munch (Richard Belzer)

Detective Meldrick Lewis (Clark Johnson)

Lieutenant Alphonse Giardello (Yaphet Kotto)

Detective Tim Bayliss (Kyle Secor)

Detective Frank Pembleton (Andre Braugher)

Detective / Sergeant Kay Howard (Melissa Leo)

Detective Mike Kellerman (Reed Diamond)

Officer/Detective/Lieutenant Stuart Gharty (Peter Gerety)

Detective Paul Falsone (Jon Seda)

Lieutenant/Captain/Detective Megan Russert (Isabella Hofman)

Detective Laura Ballard (Callie Thorne)

Detective Terri Stivers (Toni Lewis)

Captain/Colonel George Barnfather (Clayton LeBouef)

ASA Ed Danvers (Željko Ivanek)

J.H.Brodie (Max Perlich)

Detective Beau Felton (Daniel Baldwin)

Detective Stanley Bolander (Ned Beatty)

Dr Julianna Cox (Michelle Forbes)

FBT Agent/Officer Mike Giardello (Giancario Esposito)

Detective Rene Sheppard (Michael Michele)

Dr. Alyssa Dyer (Harlee McBride)

Detective/Captain Roger Gaffney (Walt MacPherson)

Law & Order - Characters (& Actors)

Sergeant Maxwell Greevey (George Dzundza)

Junior Detective Michael Logan (Chris Noth)

Captain Donald Cragen (Dann Florek)

Exex ADA Benjamin Stone (Michael Moriarty)

ADA Paul Robinette (Richard Brooks)

DA Adam Schiff (Steven Hill)

Sergeant Philip Cerreta (Paul Sorvino)

Dr Elizabeth Olivet (Carolyn McCormic)

Senior Detective Leonard W Briscoe (Jerry Orbach)

Lieutenant Anita Van Buren (S. Epatha Merkerson)

ADA Claire Kincaid (Jill Hennessy)

Exec ADA/DA John McCoy (Sam Waterston)

Junior Detective Reynaldo Curtis (Benjamin Bratt)

ADA Jamie Ross (Carey Lowell)

ADA Abigail Carmichael (Angie Harmon)

Junior/Senior Detective Edward Green (Jesse L. Martin)

Interim DA Nora Lewin (Dianne Wiest)

ADA Serena Southerlyn (Elisabeth Röhm)

DA Arthur Branch (Fred Thompson)

Neutralised - Characters (& Actors)

Abraham Machado (Alfred Molina)

Andreina Neri (Robin Wright)

Caleb Willow (Cary Elwes)

Dove Lewis (Alfre Woodard)

Esmé Verity (Janaeane Garofalo)

Faustus Sanchez (Hank Azaria)

Grayson Bryant (Harold Perrineau)

Hunter Kingsley (Chris Farley)

Ichabod Mortimer (Danny DeVito)

Jared Foster (Kirk Acevedo)

Kane Carter (Philip Seymour Hoffman)

Lance Carter (John Goodman)

Monday Duke (Patricia Arquette)

Noam Gold (Oliver Platt)

Omega Finch (Willem Dafoe)

Peyton Blythe (Regina King)

Russel Warszawski (Adam Sandler)

Sullivan Landon (Christopher Lloyd)

Tuesday Duke (Reese Witherspoon)

Victor Jamison (Mike Myers)

Winslow Warszawski (Brad Garrett)

Xavier Solomon (David Spade)

Yancy Haggard (Kiefer Sutherland)

Zoey Knight (Geena Davis)

OZ - Characters (& Actors)

Augustus Hill (Harold Perrineau)

Tobias Beecher (Lee Tergesen)

Ryan O'Reily (Dean Winters)

Kareem Saïd / Goodson Truman (Eamonn Walker)

Miguel Alvarez (Kirk Acevedo)

Vernon Schillinger (J.K. Simmons)

Simon Adebisi (Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje)

Christopher Keller (Christopher Meloni)

Zahir Arif (Granville Adams)

Hamid Khan (Ernie Hudson Jr.)

Nacim Bismilla (Re Hanna)

Huseni Mershah / James Monroe Madison (Roger Guenvuer Smith)

Leroy Tidd / Salah Udeen (Jacues Smith)

Jefferson Keane (Leon)

Kenny Wangler (J.D. Williams)

Arnold 'Poet' Jackson (muMs the Schemer)

Paul Markstrom (O.L. Duke)

Junior Pierce (Malé-Lexington Alexander)

Malcolm 'Snake' Coyle (Treach)

Johnny Post (Tim McAdams)

James Robson (R.E. Rodgers)

Mark Mack (Leif Riddell)

Jaz Hoyt (Evan Seinfeld)

Scott Ross (Stephen Gevedon)

Andrew Schillinger (Frederick Koehler)

Nino Schibetta (Tony Schibetta)

Peter Schibetta (Eddie Malavarca)

Antonio Nappa (Mark Margolis)

Chucky Pancamo (Chuck Zito)

Dino Ortolani (Jon Seda)

Don Zanghi (John Palumbo)

Joey D'Angelo (Goodfella Mike G)

Mario Seggio (Todd Etelson)

Salvatore DeSanto (Phil Campanella)

Raoul 'El Cid' Hernandez (Luis Guzman)

Carmen 'Chico' Guerra (Otto Sanchez)

Carlos Martinez (Carlos Leon)

Carlo Ricardo (Juan Carlos Hernandez)

Cyril O'Reily (Scott William Winters)

Rev. Jeremiah Cloutier (Luke Perry)

Timmy Kirk (Sean Dugan)

Alonzo Torquemada (Bobby Cannavale)

Richie Hanlon (Jordan Lage)

Shirley Bellinger (Kathryn Erbe)

Bob Rebadow (George Morfogen)

Agamemnin Busmalis (Tom Mardirosian)

Donald Groves (Sean Whitesell)

Jackson Vahue (Rick Fox)

Desmond Mobay / John Basil (Lance Reddick)

Richard L'Italien (Eric Roberts)

Nikolai Stanislofsky (Phillip Casnoff)

William Giles (Austin Pendleton)

Henry Stanton (Thomas G. Waites)

Colonel Edward Galson (John Doman)

Eli Zabitz (David Johansen)

Kipekemie Jara (Zakes Mokae)

Dean Alvah Case (Charles S. Dutton)

Sean Murphy (Robert Clohessy)

Claire Howell (Kristin Rohde)

Diane Wittlesey (Edie Falco)

Clayton Hughes (Seth Gilliam)

Karl Metzger (Bill Fagerbakke)

Eddie Hunt (Murphy Guyer)

Lenny Burrano (Skipp Sudduth)

Father Ray Mukada (B.D Wong)

Doctor Gloria Nathan (Lauren Veldez)

Governor James Devlin (Željko Ivanek)

Martin Querns (Reg E. Cathey)

Doctor Frederick Garvey (Milo O'Shea)

Warden Leo Glynn (Ernie Hudson)

Tim McManus (Terry Kinney)

Sister Peter Marie Reimondo (Rita Moreno)

Picket Fences - Characters (& Actors)

Sheriff James 'Jimmy' Brock (Tom Skerritt)

Doctor Jill Brock (Kathy Baker)

Kimberly Brock (Holly Marie Combs)

Matthew Brock (Justin Shenkarow)

Zachary 'Zach' Brock (Adam Wylie)

Deputy Kenny Lacos (Costas Mandylor)

Deputy Maxine 'Max' Stewart (Lauren Holly)

Carter Pike (Kelly Connell)

Ginny Weedon (Zelda Rubinstein)

Douglas Wambaugh (Fyvush Finkel)

Judge Henry Bone (Ray Walston)

DA John Littleton (Don Cheadle)

DA Barnaby Wood (Peter Frechette)

ADA Petrovic (Jason Beghe)

Father Gary Barrett (Roy Dotrice)

Laurie Bey (Marlee Matlin)

Howard Buss (Robert Cornthwaite)

Doctor Joanna 'Joey' Diamond (Amy Aquino)

Lisa Fenn (Alexandra Lee)

Frank (David Proval)

Rachel Harris (Leigh Taylor-Young)

Ed Lawson (Richard Masur)

Peter Lebeck (Michael Jeter)

Milton Lebeck (Chris Owen)

Reverend Henry Novotny (Dabbs Greer)

Principal Michael Oslo (Roy Brocksmith)

Cynthia Parks (Elisabeth Moss)

Bill Pugen (Michael Keenan)

Lydia Brock (Cristine Rose)

Aiesha Campbell (Bruklin Harris)

Brian Latham (Gregory Vignolle)

Agent Donald Morrell (Sam Anderson)

[yr-obedt-cicero]

Hello! Sorry for the long ask, but I'm a college student on a budget but enjoy reading about the revolution.

I saw your post about where to find free books, but is there any actual free books that you would recommend? Thank you!

Of course! Just remember to support the author's in some fashion.

John Laurens and the American Revolution, by Gregory D. Massey

The Army correspondence of Colonel John Laurens in the years 1777-8

The Life of Henry Laurens: With a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant-Colonel John Laurens, by David Duncan Wallace

The Peasant Prince: Thaddeus Kosciuszko and the Age of Revolution, by Alex Storozynski

The intimate life of Alexander Hamilton, by Allan McLane Hamilton

George Washington's First War: His Early Military Adventures, by David Clary

The writings of Thomas Jefferson

1776, by David McCullough

John Adams, by David McCullough