#Megalosauroidea

[stavrosskundromichalis]

Condorraptor currumili making dinner plans in Early Jurassic Argentina

[justgoji]

Torvosaurus and Spinosaurus comparison, since they’re both in Megalosauroidea (I think, correct me if I’m wrong). Used the Prehistoric Kingdom designs because that game needs more fanart I thinks /gen

[new-dinosaurs]

Riojavenatrix lacustris Isasmendi et al., 2024 (new genus and species)

(Shin and ankle bones [top, scale bars = 10 cm in A–O and 5 cm in P–T], and schematic skeletal by Scott Hartman [bottom], of Riojavenatrix lacustris, with preserved bones in fuchsia on the skeletal, from Isasmendi et al., 2024)

Meaning of name: Riojavenatrix = La Rioja huntress [in Latin]; lacustris = of lakes [in Latin]

Age: Early Cretaceous (probably Aptian)

Where found: Virgen del Villar-1, La Rioja, Spain

How much is known: Partial skeleton of one individual including some of the hindlimbs, fragments of the hips, and a partial back vertebra.

Notes: Riojavenatrix was a spinosaurid, a group of large theropods with specializations for feeding in aquatic habitats. It is one of many Early Cretaceous spinosaurids that have been found in the Iberian Peninsula, along with Vallibonavenatrix, Camarillasaurus, and Protathlitis, which are also from Spain, and Iberospinus from Portugal. Out of these, Riojavenatrix is likely youngest known spinosaurid from this time and region.

Reference: Isasmendi, E., E. Cuesta, I. Díaz-Martínez, J. Company, P. Sáez-Benito, L.I. Viera, A. Torices, and X. Pereda-Suberbiola. 2024. Increasing the theropod record of Europe: a new basal spinosaurid from the Enciso Group of the Cameros Basin (La Rioja, Spain). Evolutionary implications and palaeobiodiversity. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society advance online publication. doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad193

[hhhhhhhhhhh934]

Having an art block, take this stylised Spinosaurus while I try to get motivation to make something detailed

[ildarotyrannus]

Megalosaurus bucklandii done in August for my friend's Birthday. This is the first non-avian dinosaur named (back in 1827). Since then, many specimens from Europe, North America and Africa have been attributed to it (among them Dilophosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus and even Plateosaurus), but today this species is limited to material from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire (England). Initially, Megalosaurus was represented as a four-legged reptile, similar to a crocodile with the limbs of a large mammal. Now its appearance seems completely different. Despite its historical significance, Megalosaurus is still not well studied.

Paint Tool Sai 2.0, 2023.

[rudi10001]

It’s about time for about 12 years now, and that Oxalaia finally stepped out of Spino’s shadow, and now it’s appearance had finally changed, now it looks less like Spinosaurus.

[fishsfailureson]

Still trying to finish an artpiece inspired by a small part of that one paper that proposed compsognathidae isn't a valid taxonomic group gh

[savage-kult-of-gorthaur]

SPY-noh-SOAR-uss -- THE "SPINY LIZARD" OF PRESENT DAY NORTH AFRICA.

PIC INFO: Resolution at 1692x2508 -- Spotlight on Spinosaurus (meaning "spine lizard"), a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in what now is North Africa during the upper Albian to upper Turonian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 93.5 million years ago.

The best known species is S. aegyptiacus from Egypt, although a potential second species, S. maroccanus, has been recovered from Morocco. Artwork by William Stout, c. 2000.

Name: Spinosaurus ‭(‬Spine lizard‭)‬

Phonetic: Spine-oh-sore-us.

Named By: Ernst Stromer‭ ‬-‭ ‬1915.

Synonyms: Sigilmassasaurus?

Classification: Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Saurischia,‭ ‬Theropoda,‭ ‬Megalosauroidea,‭ ‬Spinosauridae,‭ ‬Spinosaurinae.

Species: S.‭ ‬aegyptiacus‭ (‬type‭)‬,‭ ‬S.‭ ‬maroccanus is a possible second,‭ ‬although many consider this species as being the same as the type species.

Diet: Piscivore/Carnivore.

Size: Estimates highly variable amongst sources and range anywhere between 12.6 and 18 meters total body length. Skull length estimated between 1.5 and 1.75 meters long.

Known locations: North Africa,‭ ‬particularly Egypt‭ ‬-‭ ‬Bahariya Formation,‭ ‬and Morocco‭ ‬-‭ ‬Kem Kem Beds.

Time period: Albian to Cenomanian of the Cretaceous.

Fossil representation: To date at least six partial specimens of the skull,‭ ‬mandible,‭ ‬neural spines and other fragmentary post cranial remains.‭ ‬Teeth however are considerably more common.

Sources: www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/s/spinosaurus.html, www.mindat.org/taxon-4967112.html, & Pinterest.

[alphynix]

It's time for Retro vs Modern Month!

Every weekday this March we'll be looking at some examples of how our paleontological understanding and visual depiction of various fossil creatures has evolved over the years.

Starting with…

Retro vs Modern #01: Megalosaurus bucklandii

Fragmentary fossil remains of dinosaurs have been found in Southeast England for hundreds of years, but it wasn't until the 1820s that they were properly recognized as belonging to an ancient "great lizard" given the name Megalosaurus bucklandii – the very first non-avian dinosaur known to science, almost two decades before the term "dinosaur" would even be created to categorize these extinct animals.

1850s

The Victorian Crystal Palace reconstruction of Megalosaurus is often mocked for its inaccurate bulky appearance, but for its time it was actually an incredibly progressive vision of a predatory dinosaur. It was depicted as an alert, active, bear-like beast with upright muscular limbs, and a humped back based on what later turned out to actually be remains of a different dinosaur species.

1890s-1960s

Discoveries of other large theropod dinosaurs revealed their bipedal posture, and Megalosaurus reconstructions were revised to show an upright kangaroo-like stance. But despite some other early portrayals of active agile dinosaurs, the overall opinion of these animals began to drift during the first half of the 20th century towards sluggish tail-dragging reptiles: depicting them as slow, stupid, cold-blooded, awkward and obsolete evolutionary failures whose extinction had been inevitable.

2020s

Starting in the late 1960s the Dinosaur Renaissance finally began to shift thinking back towards active and warm-blooded dinosaurs, recognizing theropods' close evolutionary relationship to modern birds and correcting their posture into a horizontal stance with a counterbalancing tail. And while Megalosaurus itself is still only known from fragments, discoveries of more completely preserved relatives like Torvosaurus have given us a much better idea of what it was probably like.

We know know Megalosaurus lived on what at the time was a subtropical island in the shallow western Tethys Sea, about 166 million years ago during the Mid Jurassic. It would have been around 8m long (~26'), with a long narrow snout, and short muscular arms with enlarged meathook-like thumb claws. Its legs and tail would have been fairly thick and bulky, and it may have had a covering of hair-like protofeathers on its body.

———

Nix Illustration | Tumblr | Twitter | Patreon

[actual-haise]

Megalosaurus, the first dinosaur genus named back in 1824, strolling alongside a beach, unaware of it's future scientific significance.

[paleonativeart]

‪The non-avian theropods of January 2020.‬ #paleoart #sketchbook #myart #theropoda #tyrannosauridae #allosauridae #megalosauroidea #carnosauria #coelurosauria #microraptoria #dromaeosauridae #avetheropoda https://www.instagram.com/p/B7xJDZtlwf1/?igshid=r3effaotoufv

[mariolanzas]

New Spinosaurus rendition

Featured on my latest Youtube video dedicated to Megalosauroidea

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[new-dinosaurs]

Protathlitis cinctorrensis Santos-Cubedo et al., 2023 (new genus and species)

(Tail vertebrae of Protathlitis cinctorrensis, from Santos-Cubedo et al., 2023)

Meaning of name: Protathlitis = champion [in Greek, referencing the centenary of the Villarreal football club, which won the UEFA Europa League in 2021]; cinctorrensis = from Cinctorres

Age: Early Cretaceous (Barremian), about 126–127 million years ago

Where found: Arcillas de Morella Formation, Valencian Community, Spain

How much is known: An upper jaw fragment and five tail vertebrae of one individual, as well as an isolated tooth.

Notes: Protathlitis was a spinosaurid, a group of large theropods with specializations for feeding in aquatic habitats. Along with Vallibonavenatrix and Camarillasaurus, which are also from Spain, Iberospinus from Portugal, and Baryonyx, Ceratosuchops, and Riparovenator from England, Protathlitis adds to the growing understanding that spinosaurids were highly diverse in western Europe during the Early Cretaceous.

Reference: Santos-Cubedo, A., C. de Santisteban, B. Poza, and S. Meseguer. 2023. A new spinosaurid dinosaur species from the Early Cretaceous of Cinctorres (Spain). Scientific Reports 13: 6471. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33418-2

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

Irritator challengeri

By José Carlos Cortés 

Etymology: The One That Irritated

First Described By: Martill et al., 1996

Classification: Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, Dracohors, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Eusaurischia, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Megalosauroidea, Megalosauria, Spinosauridae, Spinosaurinae

Status: Extinct

Time and Place: Between 110 and 108 million years ago, in the Albian of the Early Cretaceous 

Irritator is known from the Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation in Brazil 

Physical Description: Irritator was a Spinosaurid, so the weird crocodile-mimicking theropods that roamed the Cretaceous landscape across the Southern hemisphere (and some of Europe). Irritator, however, is not known from very much material, despite having loads written about it. It was one of the smaller members of the Spinosaur group, only about 7.5 meters long and not weigh more than one tonne - which may actually indicate it could have still had some sort of fluffy integument, though this still seems unlikely based on its ecology. As a Spinosaur, Irritator would have been fairly bulky, with a long and vaguely crocodilian skull. Its skull also featured a long thin crest going from the midline to the eye, where it flattened into a bulge - this was probably some sort of display structure. Little is known of the rest of its skeleton, but it is known to have had a long and well-clawed hand. It probably had some sort of sail on its back, but it probably was a shorter one, and whether or not its legs were a normal size is unknown. 

By Alexander Vieira, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Irritator is on the far right, in green) 

Diet: Irritator would have mainly fed upon fish and other aquatic organisms.

Behavior: Irritator, being a Spinosaur, spent most of its time in the water, swimming about and searching for food. Since it was rather small, it would have been able to fit in smaller streams of water than most of its other relatives. Though, since it probably still had fairly decent legs, it also would have spent a good amount of time on the land, surveying the shore for food and seeking out prey. Its long snout would then be used to grab fish and other animals from the water, using the lightweight instrument to grab food it might not be able to reach otherwise. While swimming, it would be able to use that snout to reach even more food than before, ducking its head underwater or doing the reverse to hide from land sources of prey. Its very powerful neck muscles would have also been extremely helpful in grabbing and holding onto thrashing prey. 

By Fred Wierum, CC BY 3.0 

Irritator was probably warm-blooded, and used its sail more for display than for keeping warm. This display structure may have been able to change color based on blood circulation or environment in order to send different messages to other members of the species. The crest on the center of the snout also probably served similar features, for displaying to one another. It seems likely that Irritator, like most other dinosaurs, took care of its young; but there is no evidence either way to support that hypothesis. 

By PaleoGeekSquared, CC BY 3.0 

Ecosystem: Irritator lived in the Romualdo Environment of Brazil, which was a basin of lakes surrounded by rivers and other wetland environments, filled to the brim with a wide variety of plantlife. Nearby was the burgeoning Atlantic Ocean, making this a Spinosaur’s favorite place of all. Here there were a wide variety of early flowering plants like magnolias, seagrasses, and lilies - all of which were associated heavily with this aquatic environment. There were many types of ray-finned fish, which would have been the primary source of prey for Irritator, as well as lobe-finned fish which would have also been decent sources of food. Sharks seem to have been rare. There were plenty of turtles too, including one of the earliest sea turtles Santanachelys. This was the land of extreme pterosaurs, including Anhanguera, Arirpesaurus, Barbosania, Brasileodactylus, Cearadacytlus, Maaradactylus, Santanadactylus, Tapejara, Thalassodromeus, Tropeognathus, Tupuxuara, and Unwindia. There was also a Notosuchian, Araripesuchus. There were other dinosaurs there too - the compsognathid Mirischia and the Tyrannosauroid Santanaraptor, which would have mainly fed on small animal prey. 

By Scott Reid

Other: Irritator was found as part of the illegal fossil trade, initially mistake for a pterosaur, then a maniraptoran, before being finally identified as a spinosaur. The confusion surrounding this fossil - and the fact that the snout had been artificially elongated by the fossil traders - lead to its name. Its position within the Spinosaurs is well supported, and it seems to have been at least somewhat closely related to Spinosaurus itself, rather than Baryonyx on the other end of the family tree.

~ By Meig Dickson

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[cdreamie]

🌻

i think dinosaurs are just neat yknow uhhhh theropoda baryonyx velociraptor sauropsida avialae neotheropoda avetheropoda megalosauroidea dynamosaurus troodon mesozoic etc etc etc

[albertonykus]

Naish (2021) mentions a phylogeny in which megalosaurids are sister to piatnitzkysaurids (implied to exclude Marshosaurus) within a monophyletic Megalosauroidea. Do you know anything about this?

I take it you mean Dinopedia (which I haven’t read yet), because I can’t think of any other Naish (2021) publication in which this would come up. In any case, I don’t recall where that might have come from. Maybe you’d get a more definitive answer by asking Darren himself.