#PostgresDB

[codeonedigest]

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[npmjs]

CouchDB vulnerabilities and the npm registry

Recently a serious vulnerability in Apache CouchDB was discovered, patched, and disclosed. In this post we discuss its impact on the npm registry and correct some incorrect speculation on that impact.

The npm package registry is a well-known deployment of Apache CouchDB and we occasionally sing its praises in public. (To recap: it’s wonderfully easy operationally, and its replication features are its superpower.) Recently, two security vulnerabilities were found and patched in Couch. You can read the details in their blog post: Apache CouchDB CVE-2017-12635 and CVE-2017-12636. The CouchDB project very kindly let us know that we would want to patch our public-facing services on their next software release. They did not disclose to us the details of the vulnerability, but advised us it was serious. We followed our usual operational procedures and updated.

The person who discovered one of the vulnerabilities patched, Max Justicz, has written their own blog post on the topic: Remote Code Execution in CouchDB (and Privilege Escalation in the npm Registry). They raise some questions in this blog post about how npm might have been affected by this vulnerability. In particular I’d like to address this speculation:

I am almost certain that registry.npmjs.org was vulnerable to the privilege escalation/admin account creation part of this attack, which would have allowed an attacker to modify packages. This is because user creation on npm is more or less identical to the vanilla CouchDB user creation flow.

This speculation, while reasonable, is incorrect. Neither the public npm registry nor npm Enterprise installations are vulnerable to this bug because they do not use the CouchDB user system. The API presented is identical to CouchDB for compatibility with older versions of the npm client, but it is implemented via a proxy service that intercepts requests, rewrites them, and forwards them to another microservice. npm’s user and access control data is stored in postgresdb. This has been true since early 2015.

There were two services that were vulnerable to the bug until patched, however, as speculated in the blog post: our two public replication services. skimdb.npmjs.com is our legacy replication service, which provides a CouchDB changes feed for all unscoped packages in the registry. replicate.npmjs.com is a replication service for all public packages in the registry, including scoped packages. (These are packages with names like @slack/client or @std/esm.) We patched those CouchDB instances last week when the fix for this vulnerability landed.

We do not allow publication to these two CouchDB instances, so a breach would not have affected data in the npm registry. (Package data is downstreamed into these services through means decoupled from main registry operations.)

We deeply appreciate the responsible disclosure and cooperative spirit displayed by Max Justicz, who also made sure we were patched in advance of making his blog post. If you are aware of a package vulnerability or a vulnerability in any of npm’s system, please do contact us via email: security@npmjs.com.

[pveng]

Securing access to Azure PostgresDB with Stunnel

By default new the Azure Postgres PaaS offering  from Microsoft only allows traffic over SSL and actively encourages you to continue this to discourage Man in the Middle attacks and so on. If you are in full control of the client application then this should be fine and you could follow their suggested approach, however if this is not the case then you need an alternative solution.

A great alternative is to use Stunnel:

Stunnel is a proxy designed to add TLS encryption functionality to existing clients and servers without any changes in the programs' code. Its architecture is optimized for security, portability, and scalability (including load-balancing), making it suitable for large deployments.

The steps to get this working are as follows:

Create an Azure PostgresDB server

Install the PSQL client tools (to test)

Install Stunnel client side

Configure Stunnel for Postgres

Connect to your Postgres Server

To understand the problem, let's create a new Azure PostgresDB instance and try and connect via PSQL.

Create an Azure PostgresDB

Log into the Azure portal and search the marketplace for PostgreSQL (or click here to go directly). You will see a list like below and you are looking for "Azure Database for PostgreSQL (preview)".

Click on that item and on the create blade you can enter the various details to create your Postgres instance, taking note of the username and password you enter. You don’t yet need to create a database as we will connect to the default database just to test the various connection scenarios.

By default nothing will be able to connect to the server. You must add the client ip to the Postgres database on Azure.

You can get your ip from a terminal window by entering the following:

$ dig TXT +short o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.com

"23.43.124.34"

Add this IP via the Connections Security tab within the Settings section of the Postgres Azure instance.

Now we have an instance, we can try connecting to it.  You need the server name which you will find on the Overview tab for the Postgres instance. It will be of the form:

servername.postgres.database.azure.com

Attempt to insecurely connect to PostgresDB

To connect to Postgres we are going to install the psql client tools (you can alternatively get a cross platform GUI at https://www.pgadmin.org/), so in your terminal you can enter the following command:

sudo apt-get update && apt-get install postgresql-client

With the client installed you can now attempt to connect to the Postgres server and the default database. Note that psql is smart enough to negotiate SSL to create a secure connection, so we want to tell it NOT to do this in order to show what clients that do not do this will experience.

psql -h servername.postgres.database.azure.com -U username@servername “dbname=postgres sslmode=disable”

Note the servername if your servername and that you must add the servername when specifying the username, as highlighted above.

However, you will get the following error:

psql: FATAL:  SSL connection is required. Please specify SSL options and retry.

Now, fixing this in psql is simple but the reality (as it was in my case) is that the client libraries used by applications you use may not do the negotiation, so you need do look at Stunnel to help here.

Install and Configure Stunnel

To use Stunnel, you need to first install it, then configure it for the target service, and connect to the endpoint from psql via the Stunnel interface.

First install Stunnel

sudo apt-get install stunnel4

Next we want to configure Stunnel to talk to our Postgres instance.

nano /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf

The following is an example of the configuration for Stunnel.

pid = /tmp/stunnel-postgres.pid client = yes

[postgres-server] protocol = pgsql accept = 127.0.0.1:5432 connect = servername.postgres.database.azure.com:5432 options = NO_TICKET retry = yes

Next, enable Stunnel SSL tunnels.

sudo sed -i "s/ENABLED=0/ENABLED=1/" /etc/default/stunnel4

Finally, restart Stunnel.

sudo service stunnel4 restart

Now we can connect to Postgres securely.

psql -h 127.0.0.1 -U username@servername -d postgres

Now you should be presented with the postgres prompt for your Postgres server in Azure.

postgres=> \du

Role name     | ---------------- azure_pg_admin azure_superuser ...

I hope you find the post useful.

[jannah-software]

A Comprehensive Presentation On Jannah Middleware Application Part 1

In this video, we are taking a deeper look into the Jannah Middleware application. The middleware application is a Django based application. Django is a Python framework for web application development.

A Comprehensive Presentation On Jannah Middleware Application Part 1 Video Highlights We are showcasing Computer Science in various flavors. We are taking a deeper look into the Jannah Middleware application. The middleware application is a Django (Python framework) based application. The code base is on Github.com https://github.com/jannahio/middleware In Computer Science, context…

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(via Create Nodejs Microservices with PostgresDB | Learn Nodejs Express PG Sequelize Modules) Full Video Link              https://youtu.be/rYaepu_38CoHello friends, new #video on #nodejs #microservices with #Postgresdb #sequelize #tutorial for #api #developer #programmers with #examples is published on #codeonedigest #youtube channel.  @java #java #aws #awscloud @awscloud @AWSCloudIndia #salesforce #Cloud #CloudComputing @YouTube #youtube #azure #msazure  #restapi #nodejs #api #restapitutorial #whatisrestapi #restapitutorialforbeginners #nodejsandexpressjstutorial #nodejsmicroservice #nodejsmicroservicestutorial #nodejsmicroservicearchitecture #nodejsmicroserviceproject #nodejsmicroserviceexample #nodejsmicroservicehindi #postgrestutorial #postgresandpgadmininstallwindows #microserviceswithnodejs #microservicesinnodejs #sequelizeclinodejs #nodejsexpress #nodejsexpresstutorial #express   

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Create Nodejs Javascript Microservices with PostgresDB | Nodejs Express ...

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[codeonedigest]

Create Nodejs Microservices with PostgresDB | Learn Nodejs Express PG Sequelize Modules

Full Video Link https://youtu.be/rYaepu_38Co Hello friends, new #video on #nodejs #microservices with #Postgresdb #sequelize #tutorial for #api #developer #programmers with #examples is published on #codeonedigest #youtube channel. @java #

In this video we will learn how to microservices in Nodejs with postgres database using Express PG & Sequelize ORM packages. I will also show step-by-step code to create microservices in Nodejs with postgres db. I will explain Sequelize ORM for many RDBMS for nodejs. ** Important Nodejs Packages or Modules ** Express – Express is a node js web application framework that provides broad features…

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AWS EC2 VM Setup | Run Springboot Microservice and Postgres DB in EC2 Se...

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(via Spring Boot Microservice Project with Postgres DB Tutorial with Java Example for Beginners  )

Full Video Link:    https://youtu.be/iw4wO9gEb50

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Spring boot Microservice in Docker Container with Postgres Database in D...

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Spring Boot Microservice with Postgres Database Running in Docker Contai...

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Run Postgres Database in Docker Container | Postgres Docker Container Tu...

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Spring Boot Microservice Project with Postgres DB Tutorial with Java Exa...

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