#Principles of Biochemistry 6th
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Unraveling the Tapestry of Cellular Energy: A Comprehensive Voyage through the Electron Transport Chain 🧬⚙️
Prepare for a deep dive into the labyrinthine pathways of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC), where molecular machinations weave the intricate tapestry of cellular respiration. In this odyssey, we'll navigate the complexities with surgical precision, leaving no nuance unexplored.
1. Prelude at Complex I (NADH Dehydrogenase):
The ETC's overture commences at Complex I, where NADH, a product of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, surrenders its high-energy electrons. Traverse the serpentine route of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and a succession of iron-sulfur clusters, witnessing the orchestrated dance that propels electrons toward the enigmatic ubiquinone (Q).
2. Interlude with Succinate (Complex II - Succinate Dehydrogenase):
As the symphony progresses, Complex II takes the stage with succinate as its protagonist. Succinate dehydrogenase, fueled by succinate from the Krebs cycle, orchestrates a parallel electron flow. Behold the ballet of electrons navigating iron-sulfur clusters and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), converging upon ubiquinone (Q) in a seamless choreography.
3. Cytochrome Waltz (Complex III - Cytochrome bc1 Complex):
The narrative crescendos at Complex III, the cytochrome bc1 complex, where Q takes center stage. Through a series of mesmerizing redox reactions, Q gracefully shuttles electrons to cytochrome c. This transient dancer becomes the ethereal messenger, ferrying electrons with finesse towards the climactic rendezvous at Complex IV.
4. Grand Finale with Complex IV (Cytochrome c Oxidase):
In the climactic finale, Complex IV, personified by cytochrome c oxidase, awaits the electron ensemble. Watch as electrons, guided by a cascade of copper and iron centers, engage in a captivating pas de deux with molecular oxygen. Witness the alchemical metamorphosis as oxygen is humbly transmuted into water, marking the zenith of our electron saga.
5. Proton Symphony and ATP Synthesis:
Simultaneously, the proton symphony unfolds as protons, displaced during electron transit, accumulate in the intermembrane space. This sets the stage for a grand energy transfer. The finale crescendos with protons flowing back through ATP synthase, a molecular turbine, culminating in the synthesis of ATP—the lifeblood of cellular energy currency.
References:
1. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science.
2. Nelson, D. L., Cox, M. M. (2017). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (7th ed.). W.H. Freeman and Company.
3. Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., Gatto, G. J. S., & Stryer, L. (2019). Biochemistry (8th ed.). W.H. Freeman and Company.
#science#biology#college#education#school#student#medicine#doctors#health#healthcare#molecules#chemistry#molecular biology
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Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Ed. by David L. Nelson & Michael M. Cox.
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BASHKIR STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Recognition:
This university BSMU is recognized and accredited by World Health Organization (WHO), and National Medical Commission (NMC). It is listed in the International Medical Education Directory which means that if the medical aspirants graduate from this university, they’ll have an edge over other candidates while applying for jobs anywhere globally. They’re eligible for reputed licensure exams like USMLE/PLAB and FMGE/NEXT to continue their medical practice.
Quality of Education:
This university has over 36 departments that train students in various fields of medicine such as pediatrics, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, and preventive medicine. The university has highly qualified and experienced professors, mentors, and researchers to ensure quality education.
Career Opportunities
The university BSMU provides students who graduate with an MBBS degree a promising career in various medical fields like teaching, clinical practice, research, administration staff, support staff, public health organization, etc.
Cultural Experience:
This University provides a vibrant and enriching cultural experience for students, faculty, and staff fostering a multicultural atmosphere that promotes learning, exploration, and growth. The university also organizes cultural events promoting dance, music, outings, and tours to historical and cultural sites.
BASHKIRSMU
Bashkir State Medical University is a renowned medical university. It's located in Ufa, the capital city of the Bashkortostan Republic in Russia. It is one of the oldest medical universities in Russia. Students come from all over the world to study medicine here because of its high-quality education system, research facilities, and clinical training opportunities. University has its existence traced back 90 years ago and is one of the major attractions for tourists and travelers too. The university offers several undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various fields of education like as medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and nursing. Apart from that, the university also arranges extracurricular activities such as cultural events, sports tournaments, etc., which create a vibrant student life on campus.
1st-year subjects
1st Semester
2nd Semester
Anatomy
Anatomy & Histology
2nd-year subjects
3rd semester
4th semester
Histology
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
Micro-Biology
Psychology & Pedagogy
Physiology
Cell Biology
-
Microbiology
-
General pathology
-
3re year subjects
5th semester
6th semester
Pathology
Pathology
Pharmacology
Path physiology
Microbiology and Pathophysiology
Genetics and Principles of Clinical Medicine
4th-6th year subjects
7th -12th semester
Oncology
Internal Medicine
Pediatrics
General Surgery
Neurology
Primary Care medicine
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Internal medicine
Neurology and Psychiatry
Psychology
ENT
Emergency Medicine
Cardiology
-
MBBS Fees at BashkirSMU – Fee Structure 2023-24
Bashkir State Medical University, Russia
Tuition Fees / Yr.
Hostel Fees / Yr.
Fees in Russian Ruble
Fees in Indian Rupees
1st Year Fees
2,94,000 Russian Ruble
15,000 Russian Ruble
3,09,000 Russian Ruble
RS. 3,40,000 Indian Rupees
2nd to 6th year Fees
2,94,000 Russian Ruble
15,000 Russian Ruble
3,09,000 Russian Ruble each year
RS. 3,40,000 Rupees/ Yr. (approx...)
Total MBBS Fees for 6 Years
18,54,000 Russian Ruble = RS. 20,39,000 Indian Rupee ( approx....)
#bashkir state medical univeristy fees#bashkir state medical university hostel#bashkir state medical university scholarship#bashkir state medical university#bashkirsmu fees#bsmu fees
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BASHKIR STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Recognition:
This university BSMU is recognized and accredited by World Health Organization (WHO), and National Medical Commission (NMC). It is listed in the International Medical Education Directory which means that if the medical aspirants graduate from this university, they’ll have an edge over other candidates while applying for jobs anywhere globally. They’re eligible for reputed licensure exams like USMLE/PLAB and FMGE/NEXT to continue their medical practice.
Quality of Education:
This university has over 36 departments that train students in various fields of medicine such as pediatrics, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, and preventive medicine. The university has highly qualified and experienced professors, mentors, and researchers to ensure quality education.
Career Opportunities
The university BSMU provides students who graduate with an MBBS degree a promising career in various medical fields like teaching, clinical practice, research, administration staff, support staff, public health organization, etc.
Cultural Experience:
This University provides a vibrant and enriching cultural experience for students, faculty, and staff fostering a multicultural atmosphere that promotes learning, exploration, and growth. The university also organizes cultural events promoting dance, music, outings, and tours to historical and cultural sites.
BASHKIRSMU
Bashkir State Medical University is a renowned medical university. It's located in Ufa, the capital city of the Bashkortostan Republic in Russia. It is one of the oldest medical universities in Russia. Students come from all over the world to study medicine here because of its high-quality education system, research facilities, and clinical training opportunities. University has its existence traced back 90 years ago and is one of the major attractions for tourists and travelers too. The university offers several undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various fields of education like as medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and nursing. Apart from that, the university also arranges extracurricular activities such as cultural events, sports tournaments, etc., which create a vibrant student life on campus.
1st-year subjects
1st Semester
2nd Semester
Anatomy
Anatomy & Histology
2nd-year subjects
3rd semester
4th semester
Histology
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
Micro-Biology
Psychology & Pedagogy
Physiology
Cell Biology
-
Microbiology
-
General pathology
-
3re year subjects
5th semester
6th semester
Pathology
Pathology
Pharmacology
Path physiology
Microbiology and Pathophysiology
Genetics and Principles of Clinical Medicine
4th-6th year subjects
7th -12th semester
Oncology
Internal Medicine
Pediatrics
General Surgery
Neurology
Primary Care medicine
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Internal medicine
Neurology and Psychiatry
Psychology
ENT
Emergency Medicine
Cardiology
-
MBBS Fees at BashkirSMU – Fee Structure 2023-24
Bashkir State Medical University, Russia
Tuition Fees / Yr.
Hostel Fees / Yr.
Fees in Russian Ruble
Fees in Indian Rupees
1st Year Fees
2,94,000 Russian Ruble
15,000 Russian Ruble
3,09,000 Russian Ruble
RS. 3,40,000 Indian Rupees
2nd to 6th year Fees
2,94,000 Russian Ruble
15,000 Russian Ruble
3,09,000 Russian Ruble each year
RS. 3,40,000 Rupees/ Yr. (approx...)
Total MBBS Fees for 6 Years
18,54,000 Russian Ruble = RS. 20,39,000 Indian Rupee ( approx....)
#bashkir state medical university#bashkir state medical university fees#BASHKIR STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY MBBS FEES#BASHKIRSMU FEES#BSMU
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11.04.21
- day 67/100 days of productivity
back to reality again, good thing classes are only until 11:25am, I was able to maximize my time in a way even though I had to move the set deadlines I've set for myself since I planned my tasks for today by the hour.
been spending a lot of time with Luna outside the past few days and it's been really nice - she's a really good audience, whenever I sing to her she sits on my feet or stands by my legs with her happy tail but most times we just listen to music while i play with her or while I read/write.
decided not to push myself too much this day and just relaxed and talk with mama, watch Netflix with my siblings from 8pm onwards since my schedule is lighter than usual for next week and tomorrow's already Friday with only a short class in the afternoon.
Here's today's list:
Health ed notes (7/10 lessons ✔)
models of health ed
principles of health ed
Biochemistry
(really glad I watched the recording because aside from its been really helpful with studying and answering the quiz and exam, our prof said that it's already his 6th attempt with recording due to connectivity issues. really appreciate his patience and concern for us, he could've just had us study the ebook and his powerpoint if he wanted to, right? hahaha)
watched recorded lec on enzymes and vitamins
long quiz
midterm exam
🎶 Home - Aaron Taylor
Instagram
#r-ene#r ene#studyblr#study#student#notes#study notes#respiratory therapy major#respiratory therapy#respiratory therapy student#rt#rt major#rt student#instagram: rene.jln#100 days of productivity#100 days of productivity challenge
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The Library of Our Love {KNJ x GN!Reader} - Oneshot
“My library is an archive of longing.” - Susan Sontag
“Did you figure out that I’m a book after I met you? Or did you turn my page?”
- 방탄 소년단, Outro: Her
Pairing: Kim Namjoon x Gender-Neutral Reader
Genres: fluff, angst, hurt/comfort… I’m sorry in advance for hurting u
AUs: college students!AU
Word Count: ~4.6k
Themes: strangers-bestfriends-(maybe)lovers, unrequited love, pining, the slowest of slow burns (to the point where the fire almost goes out)
Warnings: some mentions of blood and violence, vandalism, strong language, negative self-image and feelings of depression/sadness, excessive consumption of gummy bears (don’t do it pls)
Ratings: sfw, pg13
Summary:
From this day forth, the rules set out by the users of the study table should be:
This table shall only be populated by one Kim Namjoon and one ___, all others must ask for permission before using the premises.
Albert L. Lehringer’s word is the supreme law of the land.
The library is for learning only, not for falling in love.
Oops.
Please picture this Namjoon.
Shoutouts: Thank you to @papillonsgf for being my #1 supporter and baji and designing the most gorgeous banner known to humankind 💞And Eva @dinamitae for being the sweetest last minute beta reader I could’ve asked for 😊 Also, I have to give a big shoutout to all the writers on Tumblr: I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart for inspiring me to put my feelings down on paper, and for touching my heart with your beautiful stories.
A/N: This is my first time writing any kind of fiction whatsoever, so please be kind 🙈This fic is deeply personal to me because all of the events portrayed actually happened in my life (with creative liberties). As a result, please do not plagiarize bc that would make me big sad 🥺 I hope you enjoy reading it!! And yes, every vignette is titled with the Dewey Decimal number of the section where you can find that topic (bc I am a nerd)!
Crossposted to AO3 here.
Glossary:
Albert L. Lehringer: the dude who wrote my college biochem textbook
Kal-guksu: Korean knife-cut noodle soup dish
시조 (sijo) (pronounced SHEE-jo): a form of Korean poetry similar in format to the haiku. Originally intended as songs that can represent romantic, metaphysical, or spiritual themes.
Theodicy: the vindication of divine goodness and providence in the view of the existence of evil
Incunabulum: Latin for “place of birth”, or “beginning”. Also one of the earliest forms of a printed book.
523.66: Cosmic Impact
Lee? Lehman?
You flit through your mind trying to remember the author of the supplemental textbook Dr. Kang had recommended to you. The 6th floor of the library is cold; a steady draft seeps in from the slightly open windows. Shrouded in obscurity, all the science books are clustered together into one dark corner among tall, looming shelves.
Lehringer!
Aha, there it was! You eye your target and move towards the shelf at the end of the aisle, eyes focused. Like a predator honed in on its prey, you lose all awareness of your surroundings. Pressing your books to your chest, you pounce towards it when suddenly a large shadow obscures your path. Ramming into a hard, firm chest, you fall back into space, books tumbling everywhere. A sturdy, muscular arm reaches out to grab you.
“Oh gosh! I’m so sorry, are you alright? I wasn’t looking where I was going, I tend to be super clumsy, no wonder my friends call me the God of Destruction.”
The tall stranger beams down at you, two tiny corresponding craters forming in his cheeks as he stares fondly.
“Again, I’m super sorry. Were you also looking for Dr. Lehringer’s Principles of Biochemistry text?”
He reaches it easily, lifting it off the shelf and passing it into your waiting hands. You open it to peruse when you are again interrupted by his dulcet timbre.
“I’m Namjoon, by the way. I figure the least I could do is tell you my name after almost knocking you over.”
“Kim Namjoon? You wouldn’t happen to sit at the very front of Dr. Kang’s fundamentals class, would you?”
His smile widens, turning his eyes into crescent moons, as he timidly rubs the back of his neck with his right hand.
“Now how would you happen to know that?”
“I’m ____, I sit in the middle row. You’re very tall, you know. I can’t see the board half the time.”
A blush colors his cheeks as a sheepish grin falls over his face. He stares down at a speck on the floor. He looks like a scolded puppy, utterly bewildered and completely adorable.
“I- , I’m so sorry, I had no idea. I can move seats maybe, or try and slouch a little bit, even though I know that’s bad for my posture and I’m too young to be having back pain, oh gosh, I can’t believe this, I always thought I felt someone staring at the back of my head - “
“Hey, it’s alright, I was just joking. Thanks for grabbing the book for me, maybe I’ll see you in class sometime?”
“____. Yes, of course, I’ll see you around!”
He waves and strides down the aisle, disappearing out of sight. A steady gust of wind enters through the window, and you hear something flutter. Whether it’s the pages of your open book or the drumming of your heartbeat in your chest, you can’t begin to tell.
177.42: Ethics of friendship
Staring down the endless rows of wooden tables, each illuminated by an antique brass lamp, you spot a lone figure sitting at the farthest one, glasses perched on his nose and his entire being buried in the Principles textbook as though his life depends on it.
Suddenly, you feel restless. Dr. Kang’s midterm examination was looming over the next day, and you knew Namjoon would already be on top of preparing considering you had noticed him sitting at the same table every day since your encounter mere weeks ago.
I’m just going to sit down and ask him if I can study there, you mused. Maybe we can bounce ideas off of each other? A study partner, that’s all. A fellow lover of learning, a devotee of discovery, a paramour of perusal.
So then why did your heart lurch like you were free-falling from 10,000 feet above?
You can do this, just walk up to him and ask if you can use the table.
“Namjoon?” His head turns at the sound of your voice, and a heart-stopping smile illuminates his face. “Do you mind if I sit here and try to study for Dr. Kang’s course too? We can ask each other questions if we’re stuck.”
“Did you read my mind? I was just wishing I had a friend to talk things over with. Sadly, my roommate, Hoseok, is a dance major, so he doesn’t quite understand how to predict dihedral angles based on chemical shift data.”
“Make yourself comfortable,” he beams, pushing aside the pile of books, multicolored pens, and gummy bears. “We have a long night ahead of us.”
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You feel a warm hand press on your shoulder and blearily gaze up to find Namjoon’s concerned visage gazing at you from across the table.
“Hey there, are you alright? It’s almost 1am, the library’s gonna close soon.”
You blink, trying to remember the events of the past eight hours. Both of you made a brilliant team, working through the problems for the exam expertly and efficiently. Along the way, you fell deep into conversations about not only the equilibrium governing every reaction in the book but also the thin and delicate strings of matter that made up your lives thus far.
Namjoon waits patiently for you to find your bearings, as you hastily shove books and papers into your backpack. He slides the bag of gummy bears in your direction.
“Take one, for good luck tomorrow. Or maybe three. Or you don’t have to take any, they’re probably bad for you and I don’t want you to have a toothache before the exam. Just let me walk home with you?”
The two of you stumble out into the chilly fall air, following the stark lamplight lighting up the way back to the on-campus apartments.
At the point where your paths diverge, Namjoon spins on his heel to take in your retreating figure.
“HEY ___! See you after Kang’s exam tomorrow? Same time, same place?”
“See you then!”, you grin, whirling quickly so he can’t see the devastatingly wide grin that consumes your entire face.
135.30: interlude_dream, Reality
The dim rays of the afternoon sun.
A checkered blanket under the shadow of an oak tree.
The crinkle of a plastic bag full of copious amounts of Haribo gummy bears.
A tall stack of books that had tumbled over onto the grass.
His dimpled smile and eyes that turned into tiny moons --
You’re jolted awake from your reverie by the droning of hushed voices and furtive conversations in the library basement. Blearily rubbing at your eyes and massaging your temples, you fight the stiffness in your joints that is urging you to sit up from your resting position on the couch which occupies the far corner of the main room. All too suddenly, your tired mind sharpens, catching wind of a conversation that is happening just a few feet away.
“Hyung, I know it happened so suddenly, and we only met just a few months ago, but I’m starting to feel something. We’ve been spending more and more time together and I feel like I’m falling harder and harder.”
You freeze. That voice. You would recognize the melodic timbre of the man who you’ve been studying alongside in the library for months now from across campus.
A high-pitched laugh echoes in response, squeaking like the windshield wipers on a car in the middle of a downpour.
“Yah, Namjoon-ah, don’t tell me you’re in love? You, who’s always been focused on his studies. They must be something special.”
Your exhausted body is on the brink of keeling over as your pulse quickens. Your stomach ties itself into a knot, and heat rushes to your cheeks. Who are they talking about?
“Hyuuuuung, it’s not like that yet. We’re just good friends for now.”
You redden in response to the term “friends for now”, as you hear the bashful lilt to Namjoon’s voice. Could it be possible? You dare to dream, just this once.
“So, what do you plan to do about it? This is your last year here, you know that right?”
“I’ll think of something, Hyung. I don’t know if I can last so long without saying how I really feel. But what if they don’t feel the same way?”
I do, you silently scream as you desire to break down the walls of their intimate conversation. I do feel the same way, I have for a while now.
The loud scraping of chairs and closing of books force you to halt your inner monologue, signaling that it’s time to head to your next class. You’re left dazed and confused, yet with a blissful smile on your face, as you see Namjoon and Seokjin exit the library, their backs turned to you.
You feel buoyant as you stand, bouncing on the balls of your feet. Exiting the library, the world seems effervescent and hazy with a new rose-colored filter, mirroring the pink of your gums as you smile brightly, ready to take on the day ahead with renewed fervor.
641.86: Just desserts
Whoever thought there should be a specific day devoted to love was the silliest person alive, in your opinion. How could they reduce a force as wonderful and as powerful, as full of tenderness and adoration, to a mere day full of hearts and flowers? Love was beyond that, it was something that could take a person and erode all their harsh lines, their straight angles, and make them soft and pliable.
Ever since you had overheard his conversation in the library basement, you and Namjoon had only become closer, spending your days and nights at the same table, laughing at each others’ jokes, crying under the weight of exhaustion, and opening up to each other about anything and everything.
You had never thought you could feel this way, never thought that someone would find you riveting enough to share more than a five-minute conversation with, let alone spend hours of their life in your presence. Your friends were well aware of your feelings towards Namjoon, urging you to explore the possibility of something more. They knew all too well how guarded you kept your heart in terms of romance, preferring instead to bask under the gentle glow of friendship than to ever submit yourself to the blinding passion of opening up your heart and soul entirely to another.
You trekked nervously to the main study room, protecting the small box in your hands with your entire being. Valentine’s Day may have been silly and trite, but you weren’t going to miss the perfect excuse to offer Namjoon a gift of appreciation under the guise of fondness that everyone seemed to be partaking in today.
He’s waiting for you with a smile, as always. You look down, unable to hide the blush that colors your face from your temples to your forehead.
“Happy Valentine’s Day ____! Too bad we’re spending it in the library, instead of out on dates with someone, right?”
“I guess so, although I don’t really mind wasting away in the library if it’s with someone like you.”
Namjoon’s eyes widen and his smile grows even wider.
“Let’s call it a date, then. We can stop halfway through and grab something to eat from the new place that opened right by West Campus. I heard they make a pretty mean kal-guksu,” he winks.
This is too much, you think. Too much all at once, and yet not enough. Your silly gift seems like an outlandish display of affection now, compared to his completely chill offer of grabbing a meal together.
Reel it in, your brain tells you. Play it off. He probably likes chill, prefers it that way. Why would he go out of his way with you, when you see each other every day? When he’s never done it before?
No! You fight your subconscious, remembering that fateful conversation in the basement that changed everything between the two of you. He said he wants something more, that he’s falling for me.
“Namjoon, I made some cupcakes and cookies for y-, for us to share. Maybe we can wallow in our loneliness -” you blink, faltering as you press your lips together. You weakly offer up the box, ripping off the “for you, my favorite study partner” tag quietly underneath the table.
Why couldn’t you just be honest? You were friends, why did everything have to become so complicated?
Namjoon doesn’t seem to catch onto your face falling, doesn’t seem to hear the sound of your heart dropping in your chest. His dimples become etched into his face as he grins from ear-to-ear.
“Every day, I thank the supreme power known as Albert L. Lehringer himself for letting me bump into you on the 6th floor. Where else could I have found such a kind, considerate, beautiful study partner who bakes the best red velvet cupcakes on campus?”
You gape, jaw becoming slack. Beautiful, he said. He’d never called you beautiful before. Your heart swells on the inside.
“Yah, you and that smart mouth of yours, Namjoon. Just keep quiet and eat your cupcake, we have work to do,” you answer back sarcastically, your own grin mirroring his.
Maybe your mind wasn’t playing tricks on you after all.
165.19: Fallacies, or errors in judgment
Spring. The season of rebirth and renewal. Flowers blossomed and birds chirped as the campus came alive again, leading you and Namjoon to spend more and more of your time outdoors.
Currently, the two of you were curled up on a checkered blanket underneath the big oak tree on campus, your biochem classes having finally eased their loads, leaving you to ponder on your philosophy term paper and Namjoon to pore over his Korean literature homework.
“Have you ever heard of 시조 (sijo), ____? It’s meant to be songs written as poetry, mimicking the current tune of whatever your mind is feeling.”
“Really Namjoon? That sounds fascinating. And what would be the current tune you have in your head?”
Namjoon bends his head downwards, unable to make eye contact.
“You know the pre-grad formal?” he mutters, his normally deep voice becoming no more than a whisper.
“Yeah, what about it?”, you question, as butterflies suddenly convene in your chest and the din of your heartbeat becomes louder.
“I- um, well I-, I- was thinking of asking Seolhee. You know Ahn Seolhee, that girl that sits at the table on the other end of the library? She’s in one of my chem electives, and I joined the Chemistry as Art club because she’s president and we’ve been talking more and more this semester. I don’t really know what I feel towards her, but I feel like it could be something. I guess asking her to the formal is the only way to figure it out, right?” he’s rambling now, redness staining his cheeks as he talks about her. Seolhee.
Your heart stops, and the roaring in your ears becomes louder.
Stupid. Stupid stupid stupid.
Of course, Namjoon had a life outside your library. Of course, he had friends that weren’t you. Of course, he would like pretty Seolhee, leader of a sorority on campus, president of so many clubs, and recently accepted to the university’s Ph.D. program in Biochemistry that would be starting in the fall. She was bubbly and beautiful, friendly to everyone she met, wearing her heart on her sleeve and with nothing short of a smile on her face all the time.
Not like you, who had recently been accepted to a post-baccalaureate program because you’d failed to get into medical school this time around, while Namjoon was waiting on the results of his many interviews.
Not like you who didn’t have any popularity or accomplishments to boast about because you’d been slowly exhausting yourself day and night in the library, poring over labs and problem sets, having to work twice as hard to prove you were just as brilliant.
Not like you, who kept their heart under lock and key because how could you complain when all you’d ever loved and wanted was the man who spent every day in the wooden chair across from you?
“___?” Namjoon interrupts the whirlwind of thoughts that are running through your mind. “Are you listening? I was just saying, Jin-hyung’s date from his MBA program fell through, you guys should go together, we’d all have fun!”
You nod, blinking back tears.
Spring. The season where new life blooms, yet storms brew, washing away everything in their wake.
214.06: Theodicy
One month. It’d been one month since the revelation which had caused your daydreams to come crashing down.
Two weeks. It’d been two weeks since you had gone to the formal, hiding your pain behind laughter as you were forced to look at Namjoon and Seolhee gazing at each other, touching each other, dancing with each other, drunk on champagne and in their affection. Jin had found you back then, curled up on the floor in the marble-walled bathroom of the fancy manor hosting the event. He’d taken you straight home, Namjoon oblivious to your disappearance.
You hadn’t been back to the library since. Instead, you claimed a table in the busy student center, among the smell of brewing coffee, raucous conversation, and shrill pop music. Your hands feel clammy. Your head is pounding.
You long for the warm glow of antique brass lamps, the crinkle of a packet of gummy bears being opened, and the melodious laugh of a man with dimples deeper than the craters on the moon.
Focus, you chastised yourself. This term paper won’t write itself.
Theodicy. The vindication of divine goodness and providence given the existence of evil. Why bad things happen to good people. Why suffering can be justified.
You feel sick to your stomach, jolting as the tears flooded your eyes, abandoning your books and coffee behind you.
The door of the bathroom stall slams behind you as you sink to the floor.
616.025: Medical emergencies
Thanking the reference librarian for their help in finding the materials you needed for your final papers, you make your descent down the back staircase of the library. It’s usually abandoned around sunset, most people preferring to use the main entrance closer to the dorms. You shiver at the chill the night air brings, wrapping your jacket tighter around yourself.
You see red and rainbow shards of the once beautiful, but now broken, stained glass alcove before you see him.
Namjoon is slumped against the wall, eyes shut tight and chest heaving. His knuckles have been ripped apart and stained with blood dripping onto the floor as his sobs echo.
You rush to his side.
“Namjoon, Namjoon, please look at me. What happened?”
Namjoon doesn’t open his eyes to see that it’s you, instead retreating further into himself, like a small child, his sobs growing into wails.
“Kim Namjoon! It’s me, _____. Please, please, I need to know if you’re alright. We need to get you to a bathroom or something,” you’re sobbing now too, heart shattering at seeing him so bruised and broken. You sling his arm around your shoulder and drag him into the staff bathroom close to the alcove.
You toil to distract yourself from the pain both of you are feeling. You open your backpack and take out the pack of tissues and the box of band-aids you always kept on hand for when the now defeated man in front of you had a bout of clumsiness and knocked into the edge of a table or cut himself on one of Kang’s 100-page problem sets. You take his hands in yours, washing them gently with soap and water.
Slowly, Namjoon opens his eyes to stare at you, fat tears dripping down his face.
“Fuck, ____. It just all fucking fell apart, I don’t even know what happened. The-, the-, interviews, and I thought I was doing so well…” he trails off.
Your mind is only half listening, as your temples begin to throb.
Rejection, you hear.
“And fucking Seolhee, she told me she was just fucking around, trying to use me to catch the attention of some other guy…”
Rejection, you hear, and your vision turns cloudy and red, like the water mixed with blood that has smeared in the sink.
“And then I was looking for you everywhere ___. I needed you, but you weren’t there. You’ve always been there.”
You can’t take this.
“Stop, Namjoon. Stop it right now. What do you mean you were looking for me? All you had to do was find me. I would’ve dropped everything for you. Yes, rejection fucking hurts, but you can’t do shit like this. How is punching a fucking window the right reaction huh? Why didn’t you trust me, why didn’t you tell me?” your voice wavers as it begins to rise in octaves, finally spilling out all the pain and resentment that you’ve been feeling since that spring day froze over into a meadow of frost.
“What the hell would you know about rejection ___?”, Namjoon clenches his jaw, a vein in his neck bulging as he throws out the accusation.
“You can’t mean that Namjoon, you seriously can’t fucking mean that.” Your tears are falling onto the floor now too, mixing with the bloodstains.
For a moment, you think you see a look of understanding flash across Namjoon’s face. For a moment, you think he might’ve been able to access your memories of the past months, ones that now mirror his own.
However, the look is now gone, and you’re left wondering if your mind is playing tricks on you again. Instead, the look is replaced by hurt and despair that color Namjoon’s face.
“I’m sorry ___. I’m so fucking sorry,” the door swings as he runs out of the bathroom, leaving you to wonder how his shredded knuckles that are still embedded with glass slashed open the wounds that had begun to heal in your heart.
124.73: Teleology, or the end of things
“Mom? Dad? I’ll be back in a little bit, I just need to say one last goodbye to some people I saw at the library,” you lie.
The library is closed today. Everyone is out on the campus green rejoicing, celebrating the hard work of the past 4 years. Still, your heart would feel incomplete without bidding adieu to the place that had been your second home over the past year, the place that still held the remnants of your love for Namjoon.
The door to the main study room is open. Strange. It creaks as you push it further open, taking in the rows of identical rectangular tables, the wooden chairs that made your back ache, and the brass lamps that lit up the darkest of your nights.
There’s someone here. The lonely figure of a tall, lithe man in a crisp white dress shirt with a black tie, navy gown draped over it. He’s slumped over the table that was once shared between the two of you.
He looks up as he hears your footsteps approaching.
“Hey,” he says, mustering a weak smile. “We made it.”
“Congratulations, Namjoon”, you whisper quietly, unable to tell if he can hear you.
You make a gesture to leave when he catches you by surprise one last time.
“___? Can I ask one last favor of you?” he extends his hand to you, and you shy into yourself.
“Please?”, Namjoon’s eyes shrink into the tiny crescent moons you’ve come to know and love.
You take his hand in yours as he lifts you both to stand on top of your table.
“Ready? Hats off in 1-,2-,3!”, both of you throw your hats up to the ceiling, Namjoon’s narrowly missing plonking onto his head as it comes back down. Your face lights up in a smile.
“Hey ____? Thank you, for everything. I’m gonna miss you, and this place, so damn much. I’m sorry we couldn’t enjoy the last few weeks here together.”
“It’s okay Namjoon, I forgive you. I’ll miss you too. Let’s stay in touch, yeah?”
He grins. Those damn dimples. “Yeah.”
You turn on your heel, feeling renewed and restored, leaving him behind as the doors to the library of your love close behind you for the final time.
Epilogue: six years later...
115.17: Time’s arrow
“___! You made it, I’m so glad to see you!” Seokjin’s broad shoulders envelop you into a warm hug. You shoot Hoseok, Namjoon’s former roommate, a warm smile from across the room. It’s been too long.
“Drinks should be in the cooler over there, feel free to grab some food, and enjoy the party! I’ll be around at some point after I’m done playing host to ask you all about how your final year is going, so don’t you dare try to get out of it!” his thinly veiled threat is punctuated by the sounds of his windshield wiper laughter.
Some things never change.
You settle into a corner with a drink in hand, being swept into a conversation with some of Seokjin’s friends.
“___? Is that you?”
That voice. You are unable to turn, afraid to look him in the eye.
It’s been six years since you’ve seen Namjoon. Six years since you walked out of the library, all the young impulses and the misunderstandings that had distressed your relationship behind you. In that time, you’ve learned to heal others’ hearts as well as your own. You’re no longer as hot-blooded and easily affected by things. You’ve become stronger, and more capable of nurturing your own soul instead of looking to another for fulfillment.
The two of you tried to make good on your promise to keep in touch, but life got in the way. The texts stopped after a year, turning into sporadic well-wishes and wall posts on Facebook. But now he’s here, in the flesh.
“Hi Namjoon,” you spin, facing him. “Long time no see.” You’re surprised at the genuine smile that lights up your face in response to seeing him.
“Same to you. How’s the final year of med school going? I saw your post on Facebook that you’d matched into a program for cardiothoracic surgery. Congratulations, I’m so proud of you,” Namjoon looks upon you with the same fond smile he had the moment he bumped into you on that cold, dark floor of the library so long ago.
“Thanks, Namjoon. How have you been? Seokjin told me you’d recently moved back to the city.”
“Remember 시조 (sijo), ___? The poetry that is supposed to represent -”
“Your current tune,” you finish his sentence for him.
“You remembered,” he says breathlessly. “I’ve been writing recently, not anything professional at all, but just songs and poems. I’m compiling a portfolio to go back to school and get my MFA in Literature and Poetry.”
Tears spring into your eyes. “Namjoon, that’s great, I’m proud of you too.”
“___!” Hoseok ushers you over, “Come join us for a round of beer pong!”
“Namjoon, it was nice seeing you again. Maybe we’ll see each other around sometime.”
“Wait! ___!”, he touches your arm lightly as you turn back around.
A blush colors his cheeks as a sheepish grin falls over his face. He stares down at a speck on the floor.
“There’s a new library that just opened on the corner of 5th and Oak St. I was wondering if you’d like to go check it out sometime?”
For the first time in many years, Namjoon doesn’t make your breath catch in your throat and your pulse begin to race, but instead fills your heart with a deep sense of fondness and contentment. Maybe this library will no longer be an archive of your longings, but an incunabulum of a fresh start.
“I’d like that a lot.”
A/N pt. 2: It’s finished!! I wanted to leave Namjoon and the reader's relationship at the end open to interpretation. I think this fic was more about their feelings than the events that unfolded. I’m not sure I’ll write another story ever, but I’m very proud of this one. Any comments or feedback are much appreciated, but I appreciate you all anyway.
With all my love,
Isi 💜
Taglist: @papillonsgf @jinpanman @cutechim @btsarmy9593 @sunshinekims @dinamitae
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veterinary medicine textbooks!
hi everyone! this is my first post on this blog! i thought i could share some of my resources because it takes me so long to find textbooks and i hope other people find them useful too!
i have the following vet med textbooks in this google drive link
An Atlas of Interpretative Radiographic Anatomy of the Dog and Cat (Coulson, A. & Lewis, N.)
Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology (3rd Edition) (Bacha, W.J. and Bacha, L.M.)
Dyce, Sack and Wensing’s Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy (5th Edition) (Singh, B)
Essentials of Domestic Animal Embryology (Hyttel, P., Sinowatz, F., and Vejlsted, M.)
Guide to the Dissection of the Dog (8th Edition) (Evans, H.E. & De Lahunta, A.)
Veterinary Embryology (McGeady, T.A., Quinn, P.J., FitzPatrick, E.S., Ryan, M.T., Kilroy, D., Lonergan, P.)
Wheater’s Functional Histology (6th Edition) (Young, B., O’Dowd, G., Woodford, P., Wheater, P.R.)
Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology (7th Edition) (Thrall, D.E.)
Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat (3rd edition) (Gary Landsberg Wayne Hunthausen Lowell Ackerman)
Domestic Animal Behavior for Veterinarians and Animal Scientists (6th Edition) (Houpt, K.A.)
UFAW The Sciences of Animal Welfare (David Mellor, Emily Patterson-Kane, Kevin J. Stafford)
The Welfare of Animals - The Silent Majority (Phillips, Clive)
Veterinary Microbiology (3rd edition) (Wiley-Blackwell)
Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry (updated 2nd edition) (L. Engelking)
Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant (2nd edition) (Peter J. Van Soest)
Animal Nutrition (7th edition) (McDonald, Edwards, Greenhalgh, Morgan, Sinclair, Wilkinson)
Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice (3rd edition)
some other non-vet med related textbooks that i also happen to have in this google drive link
Chemistry The Central Science (13th edition) (Theodore L. Brown)
One Health, The Theory and Practice of Integrated Health Approaches
Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th edition) (Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Morgan, Raff, Roberts, Walter)
University Physics with Modern Physics (13th Edition)
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (6th edition) (Nelson, Cox)
Genetics A Conceptual Approach (6th edition) (Benjamin A. Pierce
#veterinary medicine#textbook#textbooks#freetextbooks#google drive#vetblr#vetmed#university#college#studyinspo#studyblr#animals#anatomy#physiology#veterinary science#veterinarian#science textbooks#physics#chemistry#biology#microbiology#biochemistry#study notes#study#student#vet school#vet student#resources#mine
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Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition eBook
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition eBook
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Sixth Edition PDF EBOOK EPUB Clear writing and illustrations…Clear explanations of difficult concepts…Clear communication of the ways in biochemistry is currently understood and practiced. For over 35 years, in edition after bestselling edition, Principles of Biochemistry has put those defining principles into practice, guiding students through a coherent…
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WHAT IS NATUROPATHY TREATMENT & WHAT DOES A NATUROPATH DO?

The very term "Naturopathy" comes from the 19th century and also implies "nature treatments" which is a referral to all natural health care generally. Naturopathy is an ideology that advertises the abilities of the body to recover and also take care of itself.
Professionals of the Naturopathy technique are largely interested in the personal treatment that their individuals receive and that each person is unique and also will certainly respond in a various way to treatment based on their genetics, biochemistry, framework and emotions.
First and foremost, a "Naturopath" will examine a person's problem before suggesting any kind of kind of therapy. By integrating these approaches, the Naturopath may comprehend just how the body will certainly react and also suggest the appropriate treatment.
The Naturopathy Principles
There are 6 core principles that a Naturopath follows in the therapy of their patients.
- Identify & Reward the Reason - Usage Natural Recovery Power - Do No Damage - Deal With the Entire Individual - Prevention is Much Good than the Treatment - Be an Instructor First
These six principles help a Naturopath to successfully treat people at an early stage and help them conquer their conditions making use of natural, able ways. By dealing with the whole individual, the body may be made whole again. However, if there is an important concept, it is use preventative procedures to make certain that any kind of acute condition or problem is avoided.
The History of Naturopathy
The Naturopathy viewpoint goes back to Hippocrates who stated that in order to find the causes of conditions, the entire person required to be viewed as a whole. Also, the "Do no injury" statement likewise originates from Hippocrates too.
Naturopathy developed for many years in several nations, although Europe was a primary source of this philosophy. The real term did not transpire till 1895 when "Naturopathy" was coined by John Scheel, although Benedict Desire is in fact taken into consideration the father of this particular motion.
Lust spent several years in Germany perfecting this natural strategy he borrowed Scheel's term to describe the wide range of methods that it involved from organic nutraceutical, hydrotherapy and also homeopathy as well as staying clear of over-eating. Lust founded the American Institution of Naturopathy in 1901 which flourished for years up until the discovery of penicillin in the late 1920s which moved the focus of care away from the Naturopathy approaches. Nevertheless, because the 1970s Naturopathy has been revived and today is a solid part of the all natural motion in health.
The Naturopathy Therapy
Although there are some resemblances to just how Naturopathy functions as compared to the methods made use of in most countries today, there are some differences that do set this viewpoint apart.
Assessment & Medical diagnosis
Here, you talk with the Naturopath for regarding an hour pertaining to than just the condition you are presently experiencing, however your way of life, diet regimen, case history as well as even more to present a proper picture of your total health. At this point, a physical exam takes place which may consist of the following tests;
- Candida fungus - Pee - Fecal - Blood - Diagnosis of the Tongue
Basically, this is the information celebration part of the Naturopath method to determine what problems are currently dealing with the client. When the info has been analyzed, the medical diagnosis is made as well as the treatment recommendations are made. Typically, the suggestions consists of way of life, diet regimen, natural techniques and natural medicine treatments which belong to the whole program.
Procedure
The variety of sessions that you require will depend on just what has been detected as well as the therapy that is offered. For the most part, individuals will certainly begin seeing significant outcomes by the end of the 6th treatment. However it will depend upon the exact condition being dealt with. Quite often, the treatments are as soon as each month with an assessment to see what progression is being made.
Treatment Types
There are a variety of different treatments that Naturopathy utilizes in order to improve the body. The treatments themselves are figured out by the patient's requirements which might include the adhering to;
- Acupuncture - Homeopathy - Iridology - Herb Medication - Brainwave Entrainment - Kinesiology - Hydrotherapy - Ozone Treatment - Cranial Osteopathy - Emotional Counseling - Reflexology - Rolfing - Typical Chinese Medicine and also even more
Education and learning & Nutrition
This is a very fundamental part of the therapy as the Naturopath delivers audio guidance to ensure that you may not only get rid of the problem that you have, yet avoid a number of the conditions and other problems that might offer themselves in time. Diet plan, workout, proper breathing, detoxification and also anxiety management play crucial duties in your education.
What you consume plays a very important role in just how your body will certainly react when under tension. Naturopathy stresses the importance of proper nutrition and also assists fuel your body to supply when it is impotant. And also, cleansing is important to getting your body to respond properly and assist prevent conditions and other problems.
Just how to End up being a Naturopath
There are no regulations in the UK that have actually been developed regarding Naturopathy, nonetheless, there are expert organizations that offer the requirements as well as practices that likewise demonstrate the appropriate principles required to exercise naturopathy.
There are a number of professional companies that may aid you come to be a Naturopath and technique this certain type of treatment.
- Association of Naturopathic Practitioners - British Naturopathic Association - General Council as well as Register of Naturopaths - General Naturopathic Council
Each of these companies has criteria and practices which may be complied with to put you on the path to becoming a naturopath. The trick is to select the organization that finest matches your demands and also follow their techniques productively.
In general, Naturopathy is the ways through which a person may be dealt with for a number of various conditions, but also a means to stop many disease and also various other clinical problems of the body from taking place. For those that want to find out more about Naturopathy, discovering the tremendous amount of details and history readily available is a great beginning. Plus, seeing a Naturopath to obtain a correct analysis and also therapy will certainly assist you build up a good body, enhance your nutrition and also place you on the appropriate course to success when it pertains to your health and wellness.
The post “WHAT IS NATUROPATHY TREATMENT & WHAT DOES A NATUROPATH DO?” was originally seen on Therapeutic Pillow
Dr. Amauri Caversan Wellness Centre is a wellness clinic located at the heart of Yorkville, Toronto. For details on naturopathic services offered, click here: https://dramaurinaturopath.com/
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NCERT Science Solutions for CBSE Class 6 by Extramarks
Science is an important subject in CBSE Classes highlighting important concepts which include chemical reactions, principles, equations and a lot more. The Science stream is often preferred by those who are aspiring to pursue professional courses after 12th. The main subjects taught in the Science stream are Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, and Computer Science. along with English which is compulsory while the other language subject is left for choice. Apart from theory Classes, there are also practical labs along with theory, which calls for a lot of hard work for students in this stream. A student who opts for the Science stream opens up both medical and non-medical career options, including medical science, engineering, and other interdisciplinary careers. If interested in a medical field, students will have to include Biology along with Physics and Chemistry as your core subject combination, while for engineering, students will have to opt for mathematics or computer science as the core subject. However, there are also many other career options are available for Science stream students. It is always better to decide your career path at this stage only and choose the relevant subjects accordingly. After studying Science stream in 6th and 10th CBSE Classes students can opt to for further higher education in different fields such as Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Cytology, Dental Science, Genetics, Pharmaceuticals, Space technology, Robotics, Biotechnology, Metallurgy, Forensic Science, and many others, other than traditionally popular medical and engineering career. While preparing for the exams students of Science seek e-learning solutions because they can get their problems resolved anytime, anywhere. Educational Technology has made it so accessible and affordable. It allows students to access learning solutions anytime anywhere. These online learning platforms save the time of the students as there is always a big pressure and shortage of time while preparing for the topic. For example, while studying Science a student faces a problem in a topic in which he did not find any solution. In such a situation online study platform provides a solution for NCERT Class 6 Science that can help students for the resolution of his problem. Extramarks a well-renowned Educational Technology company offers the student solutions and learning for all Classes and subjects. The most popular and major focused courses and solutions are available for NCERT Class 6 Science and 12th board exam preparations. The modules give a perfect view of each concept and are supplemented using animated images and videos. NCERT Solutions for all the subjects like NCERT solutions for Class 6th Science, Extramarks has all its courses and content mapped to the CBSE curriculum.
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Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition by Nelson Cox
This is completed downloadable of Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition by David L.Nelson, Michael M.Cox
Instant download Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition by David L.Nelson, Michael M.Cox after paymentProduct Descriptions:
Clear writing and illustrations…Clear explanations of difficult concepts…Clear communication of the ways in biochemistry is currently understood and practiced. For over 35 years, in edition after bestselling edition, Principles of Biochemistry has put those defining principles into practice, guiding students through a coherent introduction to the essentials of biochemistry without overwhelming them.
The new edition brings this remarkable text into a new era. Like its predecessors, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Sixth Edition strikes a careful balance of current science and enduring concepts, incorporating a tremendous amount of new findings, but only those that help illustrate biochemistry’s foundational principles. With this edition, students will encounter new information emerging from high throughput DNA sequencing, x-ray crystallography, and the manipulation of genes and gene expression, and other techniques. In addition, students will see how contemporary biochemistry has shifted away from exploring metabolic pathways in isolation to focusing on interactions among pathways. They will also get an updated understanding of the relevance of biochemistry to the study of human disease (especially diabetes) as well as the important role of evolutionary theory in biochemical research.
Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition by Nelson Cox
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1. The Foundations of Biochemistry 2. Water 3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins 5. Protein Function 6. Enzymes 7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 9. DNA-Based Information Technologies 10. Lipids 11. Biological Membranes and Transport 12. Biosignaling 13. Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 15. Principles of Metabolic Regulation 16. The Citric Acid Cycle 17. Fatty Acid Catabolism 18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea 19. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation 20. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria 21. Lipid Biosynthesis 22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules 23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism 24. Genes and Chromosomes 25. DNA Metabolism 26. RNA Metabolism 27. Protein Metabolism 28. Regulation of Gene Expression
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Language: English ISBN-10: 1429234148 ISBN-13: 978-1429234146 ISBN-13: 9781429234146
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Test Bank Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition
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Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry
Multiple Choice Questions
Cellular foundations
Pages: 2–4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
Cellular foundations
Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 Ans: E
A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
Cellular foundations
Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
B) 0.3 mm to 30 mm.
C) 0.3 mm to 100 mm.
D) 1 mm to 100 mm.
E) 1 mm to 300 mm.
Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in extreme environments?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukaryotes
D) Heterotrophs
E) None of the above
Cellular foundations
Page: 5 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is therefore a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Cellular foundations
Page: 6 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
Which is a list of organelles?
A) Mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum
B) Peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane
C) Proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes
D) Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes
E) All of the above
Cellular foundations
Pages: 6–8 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing size?
A) Amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) Amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) Amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) Protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) Protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
Cellular foundations
Page: 10 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is not considered a noncovalent interaction?
A) Carbon-carbon bonds
B) Hydrogen bonds
C) Hydrophobic interactions
D) Ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions
Chemical foundations
Page: 11 Difficulty: 2 Ans: E
Which one of the following is not among the four most abundant elements in living organisms?
A) Carbon
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
E) Phosphorus
Chemical foundations
Pages: 12–13 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which one of the following geometries?
A) Linear
B) Tetrahedral
C) Trigonal bipyramidal
D) Trigonal planar
E) Trigonal pyramidal
Chemical foundations
Page: 12 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
What functional groups are present on this molecule?
A) Ether and aldehyde
B) Hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) Hydroxyl and carboxylic acid
D) Hydroxyl and ester
E) Hydroxyl and ketone
Chemical foundations
Page: 14 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins.
Chemical foundations
Page: 16 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
Chemical Foundations
Page: 15 Difficulty: 1 ANS: D
The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell is the:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Chemical foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 2 ANS: C
Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotrophs, c) photoautotrophs, and d) photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that correctly finishes the statement:
Carnivores are and herbivores are .
A) b, c
B) b, d
C) b, b
D) a, b
E) a, a
Chemical foundations
Page: 18 Difficulty: 3 Ans: E
The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an example of:
A) biological activity.
B) chiral activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
Physical foundations
Page: 20 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it. This is an example of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equilibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
Physical foundations
Page: 22 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction, the reaction is said to be:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
Physical foundations
Page: 22 Difficulty: 2 Ans: D
If the free energy change DG for a reaction is –46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
Physical foundations
Page: 23 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells is:
A) acetyl triphosphate.
B) adenosine monophosphate.
C) adenosine triphosphate.
D) cytosine tetraphosphate.
E) uridine diphosphate.
Physical foundations
Page: 25 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
A) decreasing the activation energy.
B) decreasing the amount of free energy released.
C) increasing the activation energy.
D) increasing the amount of free energy released.
E) increasing the energy of the transition state.
Physical foundations
Page: 25 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are:
A) amphibolic.
B) anabolic.
C) autotrophic.
D) catabolic.
E) heterotrophic.
24. Genetic foundations
Page: 27 Difficulty: 1 Ans: A
Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
A) deoxyribonucleic acid.
B) membrane structures.
C) nuclei.
D) polysaccharides.
E) ribonucleic acid.
25. Genetic foundations
Page: 28 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and replacing some of the nucleotides, what ensures that the new nucleotides are in the correct sequence?
A) DNA cannot be repaired and this explains why mutations occur.
B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucleotides.
C) The new nucleotides base pair accurately with those on the complementary strand.
D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucleotide and brings in an identical one to replace it.
E) The three-dimensional structure determines the order of nucleotides.
26. Genetic foundations
Page: 29 Difficulty: 2 Ans: E
The three-dimensional structure of a protein is determined primarily by:
A) electrostatic guidance from nucleic acid structure.
B) how many amino acids are in the protein.
C) hydrophobic interaction with lipids that provide a folding framework.
D) modification during interactions with ribosomes.
E) the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
27. Evolutionary foundations
Pages: 30–31 Difficulty: 2 Ans: D
According to Oparin’s theory for the origin of life, the prebiotic atmosphere:
A) already contained some primitive RNA molecules.
B) basically was very similar to the atmosphere of today.
C) contained many amino acids.
D) had an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water.
E) was rich in oxygen.
28. Evolutionary foundations
Page: 38 Difficulty: 2 ANS: E
When two genes in an organism share detectable sequence similarity, those genes or their gene products, are said to be:
A) homologues.
B) orthologues.
C) paralogues.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.
F) B and C
Short Answer Questions
29. Cellular foundations
Pages: 1–2 Difficulty: 1
What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects?
Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined functions; and (6) evolve to new forms over many generations.
30. Cellular foundations
Page: 3 Difficulty: 1
All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane composed of lipid and protein molecules. What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Ans: The plasma membrane acts as a barrier to the free passage of inorganic ions and most other charged or polar compounds into or out of the cell. It contains proteins that can transport specific ions or molecules. Other membrane proteins act as receptors that transmit signals from the outside to the inside of the cell.
31. Cellular foundations
Page: 5 Difficulty: 1
E. coli is known as a gram-negative bacterial species. (a) How is this determined? (b) How do gram-negative bacteria differ structurally from gram-positive bacteria?
Ans: (a) Gram-negative bacteria have little affinity for the dye gentian violet used in Gram's stain, but gram-positive bacteria retain Gram’s stain. (b) Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane and a peptidoglycan layer; gram-positive bacteria lack an outer membrane and the peptidoglycan layer is much thicker.
32. Cellular foundations
Page: 6 Difficulty: 1
Most cells of higher plants have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane. What is the function of the cell wall?
Ans: The cell wall provides a rigid, protective shell for the cell. It is porous, allowing water and small molecules to pass readily, but it is rigid enough to resist the swelling of the cell caused by the accumulation of water. (See Fig. 1-7, p. 6.)
33. Cellular foundations
Page: 10 Difficulty: 2
(a) List the types of noncovalent interactions that are important in providing stability to the three-dimensional structures of macromolecules. (b) Why is it important that these interactions be noncovalent, rather than covalent, bonds?
Ans: (a) Noncovalent interactions include hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions between charged groups, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. (b) Because noncovalent interactions are weak, they can form, break, and re-form more rapidly and with less energy input than can covalent bonds. This is important to maintain the flexibility needed in macromolecules.
34. Cellular foundations
Page: 3 Difficulty: 2
What is the difference, if any, between cytosol and cytoplasm?
Ans: The cytoplasm is the internal volume enclosed by the plasma membrane; the cytosol is the aqueous portion of the cytoplasm.
35. Cellular foundations
Page: 6 Difficulty: 2
Provide a brief explanation for the observation that macromolecules diffuse at a slower rate in the cytosol than they do in dilute solution.
Ans: The cytosol is very crowded and gel-like. The diffusion of macromolecules is slowed by collisions with other large molecules and structures.
36. Chemical foundations
Page: 12 Difficulty: 1
Draw the structures of the following functional groups in their un-ionized forms:
(a) hydroxyl, (b) carboxyl, (c) amino, (d) phosphoryl.
Ans:
37. Chemical foundations
Pages: 13–14 Difficulty: 2
What is the underlying, organizing biochemical principle that results in the chemical similarity of virtually all living things? Given this biochemical similarity, how is the structural and functional diversity of living things possible?
Ans: Living things are composed primarily of macromolecules, polymers of simple compounds of just a few different types. The properties of these polymers are determined by their sequence of monomers and these can be combined in many different ways. Diversity is thus achieved through the nearly limitless variety of sequences that can exist when amino acids are linked to form proteins, nucleotides are linked to form nucleic acids, and monosaccharides are linked to form polysaccharides. Branching in the latter can contribute additional heterogeneity. Each type of organism constructs a unique set of macromolecules from these monomeric units, resulting in the structural and functional diversity among species.
38. Chemical foundations
Page: 15 Difficulty: 2
Explain the difference, if any, between a proteome and a proteasome.
Ans: A proteome is the list of all proteins that function in a given cell. A proteasome is a molecular machine or supramolecular structure responsible for protein degradation in a cell.
39. Chemical foundations
Page: 14 Difficulty: 2
Name two functions of (a) proteins, (b) nucleic acids, (c) polysaccharides, (d) lipids.
Ans: Many answers are possible including: (a) proteins function as enzymes, structural elements, signal carriers, transporters; (b) nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information and act as both structural and catalytic elements; (c) polysaccharides serve as energy-yielding fuel stores and cellular and extracellular structural and recognition elements; (d) lipids function as membrane components, fuel stores, and cellular signals.
40. Chemical Foundations
Page: 16 Difficulty: 2
Why is an asymmetric carbon atom called a chiral center?
Ans: An asymmetric carbon has four different substituents attached, and cannot be superimposed on its mirror image—as a right hand cannot fit into a left glove. Thus, a molecule with one chiral carbon will have two stereoisomers, which may be distinguishable from one another in a biological system.
41. Chemical foundations
Pages: 15–16, 18 Difficulty: 3
Differentiate between configuration and conformation.
Ans: Configuration denotes the spatial arrangement of the atoms of a molecule that is conferred by the presence of either double bonds, around which there is no freedom of rotation, or chiral centers, which give rise to stereoisomers. Configurational isomers can only be interconverted by temporarily breaking covalent bonds. Conformation refers to the spatial arrangement of substituent groups that, without breaking any bonds, are free to assume different positions in space because of the freedom of bond rotation.
42. Chemical foundations
Pages: 16–17 Difficulty: 3
(a) What is optical activity? (b) How did Louis Pasteur arrive at an explanation for the phenomenon of optical activity?
Ans: (a) Optical activity is the capacity of a substance to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. (b) Using fine forceps, he was able to separate the two types of crystals found in tartaric acid (racemic acid) that are identical in shape, but mirror images of each other. One sample rotated polarized light to the left; the mirror image crystals rotated polarized light to the right.
43. Chemical foundations
Pages: 18–19 Difficulty: 3
A chemist working in a pharmaceutical lab synthesized a new drug as a racemic mixture. Why is it important that she separate the two enantiomers and test each for its biological activity?
Ans: Biomolecules such as receptors for drugs are stereospecific, so each of the two enantiomers of the drug may have very different effects on an organism. One may be beneficial, the other toxic; or one enantiomer may be ineffective and its presence could reduce the efficacy of the other enantiomer.
44. Chemical foundations
Page: 18 Difficulty: 3
Explain why living organisms are able to produce particular chiral forms of different biomolceules while laboratory chemical synthesis usually produces a racemic mixture.
Ans: Laboratory syntheses usually use achiral reagents and thus produce racemic mixtures of products. In contrast, because all enzymes are made of chiral precursors, all enzymes are inherently chiral catalysts. Thus, they will show strong stereoselectivity in reactants and mechanisms, leading to the production of chiral products.
45. Physical foundations
Page: 20 Difficulty: 2
Proteins are constantly being synthesized in a living cell. Why doesn't the number of protein molecules become too great for the cell to contain, leading to cell destruction?
Ans: The proteins in a cell are continuously being synthesized and degraded. The cell maintains a dynamic steady state in which the amount of each protein remains fairly constant at the level required under given conditions.
46. Physical foundations
Page: 20 Difficulty: 2
Describe the relationship between a living organism and its surroundings in terms of both matter and energy.
Ans: Living organisms are open systems and exchange both matter and energy with their surroundings. They are not at equilibrium with their surroundings; that is, the concentrations of molecules inside the cells of the organism are not the same as their concentrations in the surroundings. To maintain this situation, the organism must acquire energy from its surroundings, either in the form of chemical energy or directly from sunlight.
47. Physical foundations
Pages: 22–24 Difficulty: 2
The free-energy change for the formation of a protein from the individual amino acids is positive and is thus an endergonic reaction. How, then, do cells accomplish this process?
Ans: The endergonic (thermodynamically unfavorable) reaction is coupled to an exergonic (thermodynamically favorable) reaction through a shared intermediate, so that the overall free-energy change of the coupled reactions is negative (the overall reaction is exergonic).
48. Physical foundations
Pages: 22–24 Difficulty: 3
Instant cold packs get cold when the contents, usually solid urea and liquid water, are mixed, producing an aqueous solution of urea. Although this process is clearly spontaneous, the products are colder than the reactants. Explain how this is possible in terms of the difference between DG and DH.
Ans: Since the dissolution reaction is spontaneous, the DG must be negative. Since the reaction absorbs heat, the DH must be positive. Given DG = DH – TDS, this is possible if the DS is very large and positive, as one would expect for a solid dissolving.
49. Physical foundations
Pages: 24–25 Difficulty: 2
(a) On the reaction coordinate diagram shown below, label the transition state and the overall free-energy change (DG) for the uncatalyzed reaction A ® B. (b) Is this an exergonic or endergonic reaction? (c) Draw a second curve showing the energetics of the reaction if it were enzyme-catalyzed.
Ans: (a) and (c) (See Fig. 1-27, p. 27.) (b) exergonic reaction
50. Physical foundations
Page: 26 Difficulty: 2
What is meant by feedback inhibition and why is it important in a living organism?
Ans: Feedback inhibition is the regulation of a biochemical pathway in which a reaction product inhibits an earlier (usually the first) step in the pathway. It is an important type of regulation because it ensures that energy is not wasted by an organism producing molecules it does not need.
51. Genetic foundations
Pages: 27–29 Difficulty: 2
How is the genetic information encoded in DNA and how is a new copy of DNA synthesized?
Ans: The genetic information is encoded in the linear sequence (order) of the four different deoxyribonucleotides in the DNA. When a new copy of DNA is needed, the two strands of the DNA unwind and each strand serves as a template on which a new strand is synthesized.
52. Genetic foundations
Pages: 27–30 Difficulty: 3
Hereditary transmission of genetic information can be viewed as a balance between stability and change. Explain.
Ans: Hereditary transmission of genetic information occurs via replication of DNA, the information-containing molecule. This process is very accurate and thus results in relatively few changes in genetic information. This stability is important to maintain individual and species characteristics over long periods of time. On the other hand, regular changes in genetic information (mutations) do occur, primarily as a result of infrequent errors in replication. These mutations are essential for generating genetic diversity, which allows for adaptation of species.
53. Genetic foundations
Pages: 29–30 Difficulty: 3
Discuss how a mutation in DNA could be harmful or beneficial to an organism.
Ans: Some mutations lead to the synthesis of an inactive or defective enzyme or other protein that can no longer carry out its proper function, which is thus harmful to the organism. However, other mutations may lead to a more stable enzyme or to a protein that is better able to carry out its function in a particular environment, making it beneficial to the organism.
54. Evolutionary foundations
Pages: 30–31 Difficulty: 3
Describe Stanley Miller’s experiment (1953) and its relevance.
Ans: Miller subjected a gaseous mixture of ammonia, methane, water vapor, and hydrogen to electrical sparks for periods of a week or more. When he analyzed the contents of the closed reaction vessel, the gas phase contained CO and CO2, as well as unreacted starting materials. The water phase contained a variety of organic compounds, including some amino acids, hydroxy acids, aldehydes, and hydrogen cyanide. This experiment established the possibility of abiotic production of biomolecules in relatively short times under relatively mild conditions.
55. Evolutionary foundations
Pages: 31–32 Difficulty: 2
Describe the “RNA world” hypothesis.
Ans: Initially, RNA molecules were both genes and catalysts. Self-replication of these molecules over long periods of time produced variants that were able to catalyze polymerization of amino acids to form peptides that assumed the function of catalysts. Eventually, genomic RNA was copied into DNA, which assumed the function of genetic information storage.
56. Evolutionary functions
Page: 32 Difficulty: 1
Describe how the rise of O2-producing bacteria might have led to the eventual predominance of aerobic organisms on earth.
Ans: The rise of O2-producing bacteria would result in an increase in the levels of O2 in the earth’s atmosphere. This would give a selective advantage to aerobic organisms (which utilized O2 as electron acceptor) over anaerobic organisms for which O2 was toxic.
57. Evolutionary foundations
Page: 33 Difficulty: 2
What is meant by endosymbiotic association? How can this concept explain the evolution of eukaryotic cells that are capable of carrying out photosynthesis and/or aerobic metabolism?
Ans: An endosymbiotic association is the envelopment of one organism by another to form a relationship that is beneficial to both organisms. It is believed that primitive eukaryotic cells, which were incapable of photosynthesis or aerobic metabolism, formed endosymbiotic associations with photosynthetic and/or aerobic bacteria. The aerobic bacteria then evolved into the mitochondria found in modern eukaryotic cells, and the photosynthetic bacteria evolved into the chloroplasts found in plant cells. (See Fig. 1-36, p. 35.)
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Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition by David L. Nelson
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Clear writing and illustrations…Clear explanations of difficult concepts…Clear communication of the ways in biochemistry is currently understood and practiced. For over 35 years, in edition after bestselling edition, Principles of Biochemistry has put those defining principles into practice, guiding students through a coherent introduction to the essentials of biochemistry without overwhelming them.
The new edition brings this remarkable text into a new era. Like its predecessors, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Sixth Edition strikes a careful balance of current science and enduring concepts, incorporating a tremendous amount of new findings, but only those that help illustrate biochemistry’s foundational principles. With this edition, students will encounter new information emerging from high throughput DNA sequencing, x-ray crystallography, and the manipulation of genes and gene expression, and other techniques. In addition, students will see how contemporary biochemistry has shifted away from exploring metabolic pathways in isolation to focusing on interactions among pathways. They will also get an updated understanding of the relevance of biochemistry to the study of human disease (especially diabetes) as well as the important role of evolutionary theory in biochemical research.
Table of Contents
1. The Foundations of Biochemistry 2. Water 3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins 5. Protein Function 6. Enzymes 7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 9. DNA-Based Information Technologies 10. Lipids 11. Biological Membranes and Transport 12. Biosignaling 13. Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 15. Principles of Metabolic Regulation 16. The Citric Acid Cycle 17. Fatty Acid Catabolism 18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea 19. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation 20. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria 21. Lipid Biosynthesis 22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules 23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism 24. Genes and Chromosomes 25. DNA Metabolism 26. RNA Metabolism 27. Protein Metabolism 28. Regulation of Gene Expression Appendix A Common Abbreviations in the Biochemical Research Literature Appendix B Abbreviated Solutions to Problems Glossary
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Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition by David L. Nelson
https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry-6th-edition-by-david-l-nelson/Instant download Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition by David L. Nelson
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Clear writing and illustrations…Clear explanations of difficult concepts…Clear communication of the ways in biochemistry is currently understood and practiced. For over 35 years, in edition after bestselling edition, Principles of Biochemistry has put those defining principles into practice, guiding students through a coherent introduction to the essentials of biochemistry without overwhelming them.
The new edition brings this remarkable text into a new era. Like its predecessors, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Sixth Edition strikes a careful balance of current science and enduring concepts, incorporating a tremendous amount of new findings, but only those that help illustrate biochemistry’s foundational principles. With this edition, students will encounter new information emerging from high throughput DNA sequencing, x-ray crystallography, and the manipulation of genes and gene expression, and other techniques. In addition, students will see how contemporary biochemistry has shifted away from exploring metabolic pathways in isolation to focusing on interactions among pathways. They will also get an updated understanding of the relevance of biochemistry to the study of human disease (especially diabetes) as well as the important role of evolutionary theory in biochemical research.
Table of Contents
1. The Foundations of Biochemistry 2. Water 3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins 5. Protein Function 6. Enzymes 7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 9. DNA-Based Information Technologies 10. Lipids 11. Biological Membranes and Transport 12. Biosignaling 13. Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 15. Principles of Metabolic Regulation 16. The Citric Acid Cycle 17. Fatty Acid Catabolism 18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea 19. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation 20. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria 21. Lipid Biosynthesis 22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules 23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism 24. Genes and Chromosomes 25. DNA Metabolism 26. RNA Metabolism 27. Protein Metabolism 28. Regulation of Gene Expression Appendix A Common Abbreviations in the Biochemical Research Literature Appendix B Abbreviated Solutions to Problems Glossary
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Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6th Edition by Nelson Cox
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Language: English ISBN-10: 1429234148 ISBN-13: 978-1429234146 ISBN-13: 9781429234146
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