#Solar Power System Cambridge

[wordsfrombudha]

🌙 Moon Men: The Ultimate Male Fantasy

Before exploring the themes of Moon men, we must first understand the role of the nakshatras in the zodiac. In English, the word nākṣatra roughly translates to "that which does not decay," pointing to something timeless and beyond the reach of change. Unlike the material world, which is subject to constant flux and dissolution, the nakshatras, as the fixed stars, remain steady and embody the enduring essence of manifestation. They symbolize unchanging rta or universal order amid the shifting currents of cosmic activity. By offering a stable framework anchored in the heavens, providing an emphasis on divine principles, the nakshatra system allows for precise ritual and calendrical alignment, even as the positions of the Sun and planets continue to shift over time. This is why Vedic astrology maintains its reliance on sidereal calculations, despite extraneous factors like precession.

Unlike the rashis, which are solar in nature and express themselves through tangible resources and qualities of the material world, the nakshatras are lunar in nature. Rather than representing resources themselves, they reflect the management of those resources, the experiential dimension that shapes how we interact with the world. They are shakti, Parvati’s yoni for Shiva’s lingam. In this sense, the nakshatras are more personal than the rashis. For example, while Taurus, ruled by Venus, represents natural wealth and abundance in the world, it is through Krittika, Rohini, and Mrigashira that one becomes driven to engage with this wealth. Think about it: fruit without anyone to eat it has no experiential quality, no power or desire arising from external attachment. The rashi reveals the structure, while the nakshatra reveals the flow of prāṇa that is either projected onto or inherent within that structure. By understanding this, we begin to grasp the function and potency of the nakshatras and what they truly represent.

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Now that the technical foundations are in place, we can begin to explore how certain nakshatras manifest. In the Vimshottari dasha system of Jyotish, each graha governs three nakshatras. In this post, I will focus specifically on the nakshatras ruled by the Moon, with particular attention given to the themes that arise in men influenced by these asterisms. The nakshatras ruled by the Moon in Vimshottari are Rohini, Hasta, and Shravana, though I will primarily focus on their shared expressions as revealed through their trikona (trinal) relationship rather than their individual qualities.

Across time and culture, certain male figures have captured widespread attention. These are the men who dominate the social landscape, holding attention and admiration simply through their presence, ascending to a position of power and influence that others can only dream of. They are the ones who rise above the ordinary and whose natural status seems unassailable. They possess a magnetism that draws people in, and their standing places them above reproach.

Some examples:

It is within this ideal that the ultimate male fantasy begins to take shape.

Few figures embody this archetype of allure and magnetism as much as Chandra, the Moon in Vedic mythology. Myths surrounding Chandra always portray a magnetic power that draws others in without ever striving for overt control. As a god, Chandra is not one to assert dominance in the traditional sense, nor does he seek to command the world through force. His power comes from his very presence, in the way he influences the world around him simply by existing. The Moon's light is gentle, in contrast to the harsh radiance of the Sun. It turns something overbearing into a more welcoming and soft reflection. His presence commands attention in a way that feels both effortless and inevitable, and this engenders desire in others. This can be seen in the way his favoritism toward Rohini stirred jealousy among his other 26 wives, leading him to be cursed. Yet despite the conflict he tends to provoke, Chandra never seems desperate to claim what he desires. His very existence elicits admiration, drawing people toward him without effort. Even his curse, which causes him to wax and wane, only serves to deepen his mystique. It’s this constant shift and this subtle ebb and flow that enhances his magnetic appeal. Chandra’s story is one of subtle dominance, where influence is exerted through an inherent presence of gentle power, an aura of being effortlessly seductive and magnetizing, never needing to strive for what he already commands through his intangible influence.

We can also indirectly see the nature of Chandra through Vishnu's lunar incarnation: Krishna. Born into the Dvapara Yuga, an era of intense desire, struggle over wealth, and the pursuit of pleasure, Krishna moved through the world as someone whose charm and presence naturally pulled people in and elevated him to the position of authority with access to unparalleled pleasures of the era. Though his life was filled with complexity and contradiction, such as political turmoil, familial conflict, cosmic responsibility, he never lost the magnetic ease and sensuality that defined him.

From his earliest days, Krishna was adored. As a child in Gokul, his mischief and beauty captivated everyone, and as he grew, so too did the reach of his influence. The gopis of Vrindavan abandoned everything for a chance to dance with him under the moonlight. Radha, the soul’s deepest longing, became synonymous with his name because of the irresistible draw he created by simply being. As an adult, Krishna’s magnetism only intensified. He became a king, yet never ruled through fear or austerity. He had sixteen thousand wives. Yes, you read that right... sixteen THOUSAND. He did not acquire them through conquest or pursuit, but as women he liberated from captivity, who then chose to initiate a union with him. Despite the sheer number, each believed she held his full attention, each felt seen and cherished. His marriages echoed his ability to be everything to everyone, without appearing stretched or strained. Even Draupadi, though married to the five Pandavas, turned to Krishna in times of need. He was her protector, her confidant, the one whose presence alone brought reassurance and power.

Krishna's battlefield role in the Mahabharata and the Bhagavad Gita is yet another window into this lunar quality. He never picked up a weapon. Even though he possessed an unparalleled ability in combat, he vowed not to fight. And yet, he was still the most powerful force on the field. As Arjuna’s charioteer, he guided without command, advised without imposing, and altered the course of an entire war through speech, presence, and subtle intervention. He wielded no blade, yet even the gods deferred to him. Yet despite all of his well-meaning glory, Krishna’s life is filled with acts that invite contradiction. He lies, steals, teases, loves many, and yet remains beloved and exalted. His wrongs are not punished but rather celebrated as plays of divine mystery. The rules that bind others seem to fall away around him. This quality of being above consequence, of being endlessly desired even when he disrupts the status quo, mirrors the archetype formed by Chandra. It is not through aggression, control, or rigidity that he gains influence. Rather, it is through a natural charisma and a sense of being restrained that is so deeply rooted in his essence that it shapes the world around him without ever needing to assert itself. Generally, it's said that Krishna was born during the 8th day of the waning moon, on the 8th night of the dark fortnight of the month Shravana. His birth is also associated with the Rohini Nakshatra, where most accounts of his kundli place his Moon and Ascendant.

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Among all the nakshatras, those governed by the moon are the ones most preoccupied with artha, or material wealth. All three moon nakshatras are situated within the earth signs. The element of earth corresponds to artha, which is the dominant pursuit in the Treta Yuga. Artha is not financial gain, but the broader focus on stability, status, resources, and the means by which one maintains and enhances their position through control in the world. In its highest sense, artha is the structure that supports dharma. It is the foundation upon which right action and spiritual growth are sustained. A person without artha (without land, wealth, or social footing) finds it difficult to fulfill obligations, care for others, or pursue deeper meanings. Thus, artha is not seen to be the same as greed; it is a rightful engagement with the material plane. It is power with purpose. Yet artha also carries a shadow. When detached from dharma, it becomes an end unto itself, status for its own sake, accumulation without higher use. In such cases, the pursuit of artha distorts perception, causing one to identify too closely with the outer symbols of value rather than the inner worth they represent. To master artha is to master one's place in the world. Not to renounce it, but to wield it without attachment. The moon, always waxing and waning, teaches that no possession is eternal. One important thing to note about Artha is that is directly opposed Kama, which is the desire for sensual pleasures. The more pleasure one seeks, the more wealth they will expend, and the more one is focused on preserving their wealth in a miserly way, the less pleasures they will be granted from their status. A wealthy man who never spends his money is not treated like a wealthy man at all. Artha is the dance of holding and letting go, of rising in influence only to remember one’s impermanence and loss. Those who understand this move through the material world like kings whose thrones are made of mist, ever present, powerful, and yet unattached.

When the energy is balanced, Moon men, gravitate toward artha not purely for luxury, but for security, belonging, and influence. They are the most loose with their wealth, so they constantly need to be attaining more to sustain their pleasure-seeking proclivities. This doesn’t only apply to money but also to social capital. The more someone is adored and respected, the more they can get away with. When the energy is imbalanced, Moon men will still seek artha, but their pursuit becomes detached from its original purpose. The accumulation of wealth, status, and influence becomes a form of self-definition, a way to assert their existence among others. What was once a means of securing one's place in an unforgiving world transforms into an obsession with control and image, where the lines between need and desire blur, and the pursuit of artha no longer serves a greater good but rather feeds an endless cycle of self-validation. As mentioned previously, their power lies in magnetic allure rather than force, and they draw wealth and status through visibility, favor, and social capital. This is especially evident in nakshatras like Rohini, where the pursuit of artha merges with beauty, charm, and sensual engagement with the world's abundance. This energy can be seen in multiple media examples where the conflict of the plot centers around accumulating wealth and power for various reasons, such as security, need for admiration, etc.

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Now that we have an understanding of the Moon’s energy in its nakshatras, we can begin to observe how it manifests in modern media. Media offers a valuable lens for recognizing the subtle influences of a person's energy, especially since the nakshatras operate on a subtle, implicit level. With that in mind, I want to explore some portrayals that I think reflect the nature of moon men and show how the energy of the Moon nakshatras comes to life through them. Ok, so first we need to understand what men in general want because it precisely these projections that shape moon men into who they become. So what is it men fantasize about? Once we understand this, we are well on our way to seeing how moon men move in the world.

The first thing many men fantasize about is to be sexually desirable. While women share this longing as well, it’s far more common for men to have to pursue women, rather than the reverse. What men want is the sense of being wanted without having to try or care. They want to exist in a state where they don’t have to perform, where desire is offered freely, and they are irresistibly magnetic to a point where it’s expected for people to fawn over them for doing nothing. Men crave the ability to be effortlessly charming, highly desired by women, and envied by other men, yet without the need for commitment or effort. Moon men often get to experience this magnetic appeal, particularly during certain stages of their lives where the moon's influence is heightened. It’s at these points that they rise to become the ultimate "sex symbols," embodying the archetype of passive indulgence, a kind of allure that says “I’ll give you what you want, but you have to come and get it.” The Moon, being the most sensual of the planets, carries with it an attraction that is inherently sexual, sometimes leading to infidelity or the conflicts inherent to forbidden romance.

One of the most evident ways this manifests is within the adult film industry, where Moon men are especially prevalent. Because they naturally draw more attention due to their sexual appeal, and they are focused on pursuing artha, their magnetic energy and widespread appeal can put them in situations where they use their attraction to make money. This can translate into a level of idolization in the adult entertainment world, where certain male porn stars or sec workers achieve a near-mythical status. The most famous and envied figures in the industry, such as Rocco Siffredi, Johnny Sins, Manuel Ferrara, Jason Luv, etc. are all Moon men. Their combination of sexual charism and effortless appeal resonates with male audiences, while their passive dominance and sensual passion appeals to female audiences, altogether making them icons in the world of adult entertainment as well as symbols of virility and unattainable sexual fantasy for many men.

This can be seen in the media portrayal of Dirk Diggler in Boogie Nights.

Along the same line of physical prowess and sexual desirability, men want to embody strength and dominance in a way that commands respect and admiration. It is less so about wanting to fight and more so about knowing they’ll be able to effortlessly dominate if they do. They want to be noticed for their impressive physicality and stature. Moon men capture this ideal well. They are in a lot of action hero, lone wolf type roles, where they are never the ones to antagonize but still draw in conflict. They are quiet, brooding, and unshaken. Their presence alone is a challenge. They don’t speak often, but when they do, people listen. They don’t go looking for trouble, but they carry themselves in a way that says they could end it if it came. Their strength is not just physical but psychological. They do not need to prove anything because their capability is obvious. In a world full of noise, they are still. In a room full of people, they command the air. It is like a football captain or sports star whose physical aptitude elevates his status. It’s the kind of physical ability that makes others look up to you and grants you additional social power. In this context, being at the peak of athletic or physical performance is an expression of superiority in both the literal and social senses. I think overall Moon men are more concerned with how easy and enjoyable life is from a position of high physical status. They care more about how they look and are driven to chase the aesthetics as a way to cement themselves a stronger position in society. They seem like they don’t care, but they do. It is not uncommon for them to be bullied or outcast early in life, so many of them are seeking social prowess as a way to cope with the lack of belonging or respect they experienced in the past. It is also sometimes the case that they will isolate themselves to avoid judgment. Yet even when they do that, they are functioning from an external locus of control.

This gif is of David Laid. He was bullied for being skinny, so he started lifting not to fight but to be seen. Aesthetic bodybuilding gave him control. He wanted to be impressive, so he trained to change how people looked at him. The goal wasn’t to gain strength. It was about the visual, perceptive impact. His body became the answer to every insult and every time he was ignored. Now people can’t help but notice. He doesn’t need to act tough because he looks untouchable. What started as insecurity became his weapon. He built a body that speaks for him. Strong, captivating. It makes people look twice and automatically affords him a great deal of respect. It makes them want to be around him, love him, include him, and that’s all Moon men really want for themselves. Moon men tend to be very invested in self-improvement along with the obsession of being the best at everything.

A good example of how this looks together is the show Blue Mountain state

In line with the broader male fantasy of physical and social prominence, many men don’t want to chase or risk rejection. They want to be the gravitational center, drawing others in without having to prove themselves. They crave admiration without exertion, longing to be desired without having to reach. For Moon men, this is more than a fantasy; it is more often than not their lived experience. It is what they strive for, and in the case of many moon men, their presence alone becomes magnetic enough to invite attention, curiosity, and affection. They do not pursue as much as they attract. This passive allure is one of the most recognizable traits of Moon men. In relationships, they are in control and take on a more dominant role, always influencing things, but even so, they are rarely the ones to make the first move or to be the ones actually making decisions. While there are countless media examples that showcase this archetype, I’ll focus on just a few to illustrate how this dynamic plays out in narrative form. The important thing to pay attention to is that the Moon man is almost never the one trying to get someone else's attention or trying to pursue or dominate a woman (or man). The other person almost has to throw themselves at him or chase him down, and only then will he demonstrate his passion. Moon men are even partial to indulging the desires of those they have no initial attachment to. If someone pursues them, they kind of just go with it. They are very passionate and sensual, but this is not exclusive. Like the other Sattvic planets (Sun and Jupiter), Moon men are prone to giving of themselves indiscriminately, but because it is usually short-lived, it is much easier to sustain compared to something like Jupiter, which is all about union, commitment, and generosity. To think of it differently, the moon is like food, temporary but satisfying in its ability to nourish. Jupiter, on the other hand is like fat. It is protective and more lasting than food itself. Food comes and goes, but fat stays with you. It stores what is valuable. It prepares you for the future. The moon gives you what you need right now, while Jupiter ensures you’ll have enough later.

One example of this is Jack Reacher

Another example is Henry Cavill's Portrayal of Superman

You may be starting to notice another pattern in these examples. Each of these men carries a kind of freedom or superiority that places them outside the reach of ordinary consequences or limitations. They can feel that they do not have to answer to anyone, or even if they do that punishment won’t be that dire. This is not because they rebel against the system, but because they exist on the outskirts of it. Whether through wealth, charisma, status, luck, manipulation, or thievery, they have the ability to move through the world according to their own rules. This untouchability is part of their allure. They are not bound by expectations or emotional obligations in the same way others seem to be. Others naturally adjust themselves around these men without needing to be told. In this way, these men can feel above or exempt from the emotional negotiations and social rules that govern everyone else. This usually appears as quiet rule-breaking, con-artistry, underground criminal mischief, subtle disregard for rules, and an implicit belief that they are operating on an entirely different level that they become hedonistic and destructive.

I think hands down the best example for this is the show White Collar. Mirroring Chandra's curse, even though he is technically limited, it really doesn't make much of a difference in terms of the pleasures and luxuries he is able to enjoy. One important difference between sun and moon men is that sun men will steal and break rules out of necessity and a sense of justice, whereas men will steal and manipulate to get rich and because it brings them enjoyment. Moon men are good at it, and it’s fun for them.

Another good example is Catch Me if You Can. He can talk his way into anything, and the standard barriers just don’t seem to apply to him.

A recurring theme that begins to emerge with these examples is intelligence. Many Moon men are portrayed as brilliant minds, particularly as strategists, code-breakers, or hidden geniuses who see patterns others miss. Their intelligence is rarely loud or performative in real life, but in media, it gets hammered hard, with them frequently being portrayed as gifted geniuses and eccentric prodigies.

There are many examples I could give for this as well, from Imitation Game to Good Will Hunting to The Pretender

Ok, that's all that will fit into this post. Thank you for reading! My next post is goi in ng to be about their relationships and bonds.

[citrusses]

midstory line tag (10 lines from the middle of 10 fics tagging 10 people). thank you @wolfpants (x) @lemonlimelea (x) @garagepaperback (x) @twnkwlf-writes (x) for the tags, everyone please go read their lines which laid me flat on the ground, as always. here are mine:

Permanent

Level Nine — the Department of Mysteries. That means Unspeakables. Draco hates those spooky bastards. “We’re going to have to steal it,” Weasley says. He looks delighted, as well. None of these people are in their right minds. 

The Roommates

Harry hasn’t had a fuck in months. It’s not easy to get laid when your godfather is recently back from the dead, and you still live in his sentient graveyard of a house, and he’s nursing a grudge and heartbreak two decades in the making. 

Löyly

They walk back towards the wooden building together, Harry’s teeth chattering. When they step into the sauna, the heat of the steam is almost painful on his skin. Somehow, the warm air is making him all the more conscious of the cold that has permeated his veins, the millions of pinpricks of ice like miniscule daggers, pulsing into his nervous system.  “What the fuck,” he says again, softly.  “Brilliant, right?” Malfoy is still grinning like a madman. “The first time I did it was like taking molly.” 

Heatseeker

Above him, the Lights swirl tauntingly in the sky. They’ve been reticent to put on a show for Potter, but to Draco they’re well-known by now: pillars of green like a killing curse that could take out a city, ribbons of luminescent purple that form solar smoke rings against the stars. They’re rarely visible in a storm, but of course the universe has conspired to make this the worst possible confluence of circumstances it can possibly be for Draco.

Our Objective Remains Unchanged

When Draco smiled at him, Harry felt the whole world tip on its axis. It felt like making the Blue Boat, like crossing the finish line ahead of Cambridge. It felt, for the first time, like finally having something of his own.  

The Isle of Ogygia

Draco steels himself and turns back around. Potter is looking around the interior of the lighthouse, his eyes just coming to rest on the charred blanket. The smell hasn’t gotten better. “Er, nice place,” he chokes out.  A picture frame falls off the wall and shatters on the ground. Potter jumps. 

Flesh Memory

Harry hates prophecies and he hates being wielded by powerful men—and yet, and yet, and yet. Here he is, three decades later, wagging his tail over a resonant number and asking how high when the Minister for Magic tells him to jump.

Alpha and Omega. And Omega.

Draco smirks at Theo. “The Slytherin common room was not kind to the reputation of Harry Potter. Someone kept spreading nasty rumours about you.” “Gosh, I wonder who,” Theo says drily. Draco’s eyes flash. “I told you to shut up, Nott.” He shoots a coy look at Harry. “Omegas who misbehave get punished.” “The only misbehaving Omega in this room is you,” says Harry. “You twat.”

The Pain from an Old Wound

There is an enemy to attack. It put this horrible fucking mark on his arm, and it wants to tell Harry what to do with his life, and Harry is going to make it bleed.

Crush

“You cooked.” Malfoy’s voice is flat, and Harry can’t tell if he’s already fucked up or if Malfoy approves. “And you’ve… bathed.” Well, it’s hard not to take that one as an insult. “I take plenty of showers, Malfoy,” Harry says, affronted. “I’d go so far as to call them daily.”

tagging @smugrobotics @fluffyunderneath @yellowfork @chiquita-3 @faiell @kamaela @yiiiiiiiikes25 @greattemptation @shiftylinguini @thecouchsofa and anyone who sees this. if you've already done it do it again with new lines!

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

New project investigates mysteries of Sun's atmosphere

The sun's activity has a profound impact on satellites, humans in space and technology on Earth.

To understand the physical processes behind the sun's activity, it is vital for any simulation to capture the fundamental interplay between the sun's radiation and conditions in the vastly different layers of the sun's atmosphere (the photosphere, the chromosphere and corona), the complex coupling between them, and how magnetic flux emergence drives eruptions and flares.

No model can currently do this—but one is necessary to understand the cutting-edge observations produced by new facilities, and to provide a step-change in our understanding of how the solar atmosphere works.

The Solar Atmospheric Modeling Suite, or SAMS, project aims to build a next-generation modeling tool for the solar atmosphere—making a code that can be run on anything from laptops to the latest supercomputers.

The project team is led by the University of Exeter and includes the universities of Warwick, Sheffield and Cambridge.

"For a long time the UK was the leading the way in simulating the atmosphere of the sun, but in recent years we have been eclipsed," said Professor Andrew Hillier, from the University of Exeter.

"This project will put us right back as one of the leaders in this area."

For this project, the team will build a modeling suite with detailed physics-based documentation to promote ease of use.

This will be open-source with world-leading physics capabilities designed to maintain the UK's solar physics community at the forefront of international research while pushing forward research in groups around the world.

This will also enable full exploitation of next-generation observations and Exascale computing.

This project will also provide training for early career researchers on the complex underlying physics of the solar atmosphere and how to model this with SAMS.

Dr. Erwin Verwichte, Associate Professor (Reader), University of Warwick, said, "Warwick has built a world-leading reputation in numerical modeling of plasma physics.

"Our simulation codes, whether applied to fusion research, the sun or space weather, are used by researchers across the world.

"The SAMS code will be built on top of that heritage and signifies a key stepping stone in simulating and expanding our knowledge of the sun's atmosphere."

Professor Grahame Blair, STFC Executive Director of Programs, said, "This substantial investment demonstrates our commitment to maintaining the UK's leading role in solar physics research.

"Understanding the complex dynamics of our sun is vital not just for scientific advancement, but for protecting our technology infrastructure, satellite networks, power grids and communications systems on Earth from the impacts of space weather."

IMAGE: Observations of a sunspot taken on 04/10/2017 in H-alpha using the New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. Credit: Juie Shetye (NMSU), Erwin Verwichte (Warwick), Kevin Reardon (NSO)

[livingforstars]

Isaac Newton Explains the Solar System - July 7th, 1996.

"Sir Isaac Newton changed the world. Born in 1643, Newton was only an above-average student. But he went home from Cambridge one summer in 1665, thought a lot about the physical nature of the world, and came back two years later with a revolutionary understanding of mathematics, gravitation, and optics. A professor of his, upon understanding what Newton had done, resigned his own position at Cambridge so Newton could have it. Newton's calculus provided a new mathematical framework for the rapid solution of whole classes of physical problems. Newton's law of gravitation explained, in one simple formula, how apples fall and planets move. Newton's insights proved to be so overwhelmingly powerful, he was the first scientist ever knighted."

[stevebattle]

Squirt (1987) by Anita Flynn and Rodney Brooks, MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA. Squirt is said to be “The World's Largest One Cubic Inch Robot”, incorporating an 8-bit computer, an on-board power supply, three sensors and a propulsion system in a tiny package a tad over 1 cubic inch in volume. It hides in dark comers, venturing out in the direction of noises, but only after the noises are long gone, looking for a new place to hide. “We have noticed from engineering all our previous robots that the bulk of most robots is made up of motors and batteries, whereas the components wherein we focus our research, the sensors and computers, take up only a small amount of space. We built Squirt as an exercise in shrinking brawn down to the scale of the brain using strictly off the shelf components. The design goal was a final volume of one cubic inch, but Squirt came in a little over spec, about 1 1/4 cubic inches, hence the accolade.” – Fast, Cheap and Out of Control: A Robot Invasion of the Solar System by Rodney Brooks and Anita Flynn.

[thedailydecrypt]

Bitcoin's Energy Paradox: Villain or Vanguard of the Global Grid?

For years, Bitcoin mining has been the poster child for energy excess — a ravenous beast chewing through terawatt-hours of power, emitting carbon, and spawning academic doomsday papers faster than it produces blocks. But what if the real story isn’t that simple? What if the next chapter in Bitcoin’s energy saga is not destruction, but disruption — of the best kind?

Recent studies suggest that Bitcoin mining might not only be less environmentally catastrophic than once feared — it could become a catalyst for global energy innovation.

Let’s unpack this.

Yes, Bitcoin Uses a Ton of Energy — That’s the Point

The security of Bitcoin relies on proof-of-work: a decentralized system where miners expend energy to validate transactions and maintain the network’s integrity. This energy-intensive process is precisely what makes it nearly impossible to tamper with Bitcoin’s history. But critics, armed with stats about Bitcoin consuming more electricity than Argentina, have long argued the cost isn’t worth it.

And to be clear — they had a point. In 2022, coal made up over 36% of Bitcoin’s energy mix. Mining operations often drew power from dirty grids. And yes, those gleaming server farms dumped heat into the atmosphere and churned out e-waste by the ton.

But here’s what’s changed.

The Quiet Revolution in Bitcoin Mining

A new report by Cambridge University finds that 52.4% of Bitcoin’s energy now comes from sustainable sources — well above the 50% threshold Elon Musk set in 2021 as a precondition for Tesla to re-enable Bitcoin payments. Wind, hydro, and even nuclear now account for the majority of the network’s power. Coal use? Down from 36.6% to just 8.9% in two years.

That’s not all. Natural gas — often in the form of flared gas that would otherwise be wasted and vented as methane — has become the dominant fossil source. That’s a significant shift, because using flare gas for mining not only generates productive value but also reduces methane emissions, which are over 80 times more potent than CO₂ over a 20-year period.

The report also finds that 86.9% of decommissioned mining hardware is now resold, repurposed, or recycled. E-waste remains a challenge, but it’s increasingly being addressed through market pressure and regulation.

Bitcoin Miners: The Grid’s Secret Weapon?

One of the most surprising findings is Bitcoin’s emerging role as a flexible load — a kind of shock absorber for power grids. In 2023, miners curtailed 888 GWh of electricity usage during peak demand, helping grid operators prevent blackouts and balance loads. Some mining firms are even co-locating with renewable producers to mop up excess solar or wind power that would otherwise go unused.

Think about that. In an energy world plagued by intermittency, Bitcoin mining is starting to act as a programmable demand sink — one that can scale up or down in real time to match energy supply. That’s not a bug. It’s a feature.

And it’s not just theoretical.

In New York, a spa heats its pool with waste heat from a nearby Bitcoin mining rig. In Texas, miners cut power use during winter storms to help stabilize the ERCOT grid. In rural Canada, off-grid hydro plants are coming back online — not to serve homes, but to mine bitcoin.

Bitcoin isn’t just consuming energy. It’s monetizing stranded energy, incentivizing new infrastructure, and subsidizing the green transition.

The Critics Are Still Loud — But Are They Right?

Not everyone is buying this redemption arc.

A recent Harvard-led study blasted Bitcoin for increasing air pollution across U.S. mining sites, claiming millions were exposed to harmful particulate matter. But energy experts like Daniel Batten have called the study “deeply flawed,” accusing it of cherry-picking outdated data and ignoring the shift toward cleaner energy and smarter load management. The Digital Assets Research Institute issued a formal rebuttal, citing similar issues.

Let’s be blunt: there are bad actors in Bitcoin mining, just as there are in every industry. But the dominant trend is moving in one direction — smarter, cleaner, and more integrated with modern energy systems. And unlike most industries, Bitcoin miners have a direct profit incentive to seek the cheapest — and increasingly, greenest — energy available.

Tesla, It’s Time to Pay Up

Back in 2021, Elon Musk said Tesla would resume accepting Bitcoin once miners hit 50% clean energy usage with a positive trendline.

We’re there.

Cambridge pegs sustainable use at 52.4%, with an upward trajectory. The network is more efficient than ever. The worst carbon offenders — like coal-fired mining — are rapidly disappearing. And miners are helping stabilize grids and monetize excess renewables in real time.

So what’s the holdup?

Tesla still holds over 11,500 BTC — now worth over $1.1 billion. If it wants to align its climate rhetoric with its crypto holdings, it’s time to flip the switch and bring Bitcoin payments back.

Not just because it’s good for Tesla. Because it would send a powerful signal that Bitcoin can be part of the solution — not the problem.

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[crescenthomes]

The Future of Homebuilding: Energy-Efficient and Smart Living

Energy-efficient living is no longer a luxury—it’s a necessity. With the rising costs of utilities and increasing environmental concerns, modern homeowners are seeking sustainable solutions. In Cambridge, Crescent Homes is leading the way in building smart, energy-efficient homes that blend eco-consciousness with cutting-edge technology. The demand for new homes for sale in Cambridge has surged, and buyers are prioritizing energy savings and sustainability.

According to the Canada Green Building Council, homes that meet energy-efficient standards can reduce energy consumption by up to 60%, significantly lowering utility bills. Crescent Homes' commitment to sustainable living ensures that residents in communities like Westwood experience not only comfort but also long-term savings.

What Makes Crescent Homes Energy-Efficient?

Crescent Homes integrates various energy-saving features to reduce carbon footprints and utility costs. Here’s how:

Smart Insulation and High-Performance Windows

Proper insulation is crucial in maintaining indoor temperatures. Crescent Homes uses spray foam insulation, which provides 50% better thermal resistance than traditional insulation. Additionally, double- and triple-pane windows help minimize heat loss, keeping homes warm in winter and cool in summer.

Advanced HVAC Systems

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems account for almost 50% of household energy consumption. Crescent Homes installs ENERGY STAR® certified HVAC systems, which improve air quality and reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 30%.

Solar-Ready Roofs

With the increasing affordability of solar panels, Crescent Homes designs roofs to accommodate solar installations. Homeowners can save up to $1,500 per year on energy bills by transitioning to solar power.

Water-Efficient Fixtures

Smart faucets, low-flow toilets, and water-efficient dishwashers help conserve water without sacrificing performance. Crescent Homes ensures that all their properties include fixtures that cut water usage by at least 30%.

Smart Home Features for Ultimate Convenience

Beyond energy efficiency, Crescent Homes integrates smart home technology to improve security, convenience, and energy savings.

Automated Lighting and Smart Thermostats

LED lighting combined with motion sensors reduces unnecessary energy consumption. Smart thermostats, such as Nest or Ecobee, learn homeowners’ routines and adjust temperatures automatically, leading to savings of 10–15% on heating and cooling costs.

Smart Security Systems

Homebuyers today prioritize safety. Crescent Homes offers:

Video doorbells with motion detection

Smart locks with remote access

AI-powered security cameras

Voice-Controlled Home Integration

Using Amazon Alexa or Google Home, residents can control lighting, temperature, and even appliances with voice commands, making daily life more convenient.

Westwood: Cambridge’s Smart and Sustainable Community

Westwood is one of Crescent Homes’ premier communities in Cambridge, featuring energy-efficient designs and smart home technology. This development offers a perfect blend of sustainability and modern living.

Why Choose Westwood?

Location: Easy access to highways, schools, and shopping centers

Green Spaces: Walking trails, parks, and community gardens

Energy Efficiency: Every home is built to minimize environmental impact

For those searching for new homes for sale in Cambridge, Westwood presents an ideal opportunity to invest in a future-ready home.

The Economic Benefits of Energy-Efficient Living

While sustainability is a priority, energy-efficient homes also offer significant financial advantages.

Lower Utility Bills

A typical energy-efficient home can save homeowners $200–$500 annually on electricity and heating costs.

Higher Property Value

Homes with energy-saving features sell for 5–10% more than traditional homes, making them a wise long-term investment.

Government Incentives

The Canadian government offers rebates and tax credits for energy-efficient upgrades, helping homeowners offset initial costs.

How Crescent Homes Stands Out Among Home Builders in Kitchener

The competition among home builders in Kitchener is fierce, but Crescent Homes differentiates itself through:

Innovative Design: A balance of aesthetics and efficiency

Customization: Buyers can choose features that suit their lifestyle

Sustainability Commitment: Eco-friendly building materials and smart technology integration

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the key benefits of smart homes? Smart homes offer energy savings, enhanced security, and increased convenience through automation and remote control features.

How do energy-efficient homes impact resale value? Studies show that energy-efficient homes sell faster and at higher prices than conventional homes, making them a smart investment.

Is solar power a good option for homeowners in Cambridge? Yes! Cambridge receives ample sunlight, making solar power a viable option for reducing electricity costs.

Are there financing options for energy-efficient homes? Yes, many banks and government programs offer special financing options and incentives for energy-efficient home purchases.

Do Crescent Homes offer customization options? Absolutely! Crescent Homes allows buyers to personalize features, ensuring that each home suits individual needs.

What makes Crescent Homes different from other home builders in Kitchener? Crescent Homes focuses on sustainability, smart technology, and customer-centric design, setting them apart in the market.

Conclusion: Investing in a Smarter Future

Crescent Homes is revolutionizing the way homes are built in Cambridge. By integrating energy-efficient designs and smart technology, they are creating sustainable living spaces that offer long-term value. If you're looking for new homes for sale in Cambridge, consider investing in an eco-friendly, smart home that prioritizes comfort, cost savings, and sustainability.

Explore Crescent Homes’ Westwood community today and take the first step towards a greener, smarter future.

🔗 Learn More: Crescent Homes Westwood

[consultsolar]

Investing in Solar Energy for Your Cambridge Home

Cambridge Solar energy is a renewable resource that can be used to produce electricity. It can also be used to heat and cool buildings. Solar panels can be installed on the roofs of homes and businesses.

The City is partnering with Boston-based EnergySage to leverage their online marketplace to offer transparent competition among pre-selected installers for the City’s residents. The program is called Sunny Cambridge.

Solar Panels

Solar panels are a great option for homeowners looking to save money on their energy bills and contribute to a cleaner, more sustainable world. It’s possible to recoup your installation costs in as few as 20 years with a 5 kW system, according to EnergySage.

MIT researchers have created an interactive tool to show Cambridge property owners how much electricity their roofs can generate via photovoltaic (PV) systems. The software can predict electricity yield to within 4-10 percent of actual measured results, and it takes into account variables such as roof size, type, and shading.

The following chart is a year-by-year breakdown of how energy is used, exported and imported with a solar PV system. The data was taken from a local install in a village north of Cambridge. The green line shows the amount of energy produced by the panels each day, with a peak around midday and then reducing as appliances are switched off at night.

Solar Panel Installation

Investing in a solar power system can save you money on electricity while supporting a sustainable future. Whether you're in an apartment, single-family home, or multifamily dwelling, there are many ways to go solar that suit your unique needs and goals.

During the day, sunlight hits your solar panels, which convert the energy into a direct current (DC) that powers your house. Any excess energy is sent to the grid, where it gets credited on your utility bill.

A 6 kW solar system costs about $17,220 in Cambridge before federal incentives. However, a 30% solar investment tax credit cuts that cost by thousands of dollars. Other state and local rebates can also lower your installation costs.

Solar Panel Costs

There are several factors that impact solar panel costs, including system size, roof type, and quality. Additionally, the cost of a battery can add up to your overall installation cost. But a battery allows you to store energy and use it at night, which can greatly decrease your electricity costs.

Typically, it takes 8 to 13 solar panels to cover a 2-3 bedroom home’s electricity needs in Cambridge. Once your system is installed, you can expect to save up to PS1,020 annually and benefit from the tax incentives available in Massachusetts.

The state offers various renewable energy incentives, including the 30% solar investment tax credit. This incentive reduces your cost per watt and is currently available through 2034. Also, the net metering policy offers credits to offset unused electricity from your solar system. These credits can be redeemed once your system has reached the break-even point.

Solar Panel Incentives

Taking advantage of local rebates and incentives will help you lower the cost of your solar panel system. Additionally, comparing multiple quotes will ensure that you are receiving the best price for your new system. Many companies also offer $0-down loans which can bring down the upfront costs even further.

Homeowners in Cambridge can recoup their investment in a 5 kW solar energy system within 6 to 7 years and save thousands on electricity bills. A solar installation can significantly increase the value of a home, and homeowners can take advantage of the property tax exemption to offset the initial cost.

Residents can start going solar by registering for Sunny Cambridge, an online platform that allows residents to receive comprehensive, unbiased information to make smarter decisions about their renewable energy options. The program, which is managed by Boston-based EnergySage, has already helped many Cambridge residents go solar. The platform leverages an online marketplace that provides transparency and competitive competition among highly qualified solar installers.

[school-dekho]

5 Things You Didn’t Know About the Best Schools in Chennai

Choosing the right school for your child is one of the most important decisions a parent can make. Chennai, known for its excellent educational system, is home to some of the finest schools in India. While many people know about their strong academic programs, there are some surprising facts that make these schools even more special. In this article, we will explore five things you probably didn’t know about the best schools in Chennai.

1. Many Schools Follow a Multi-Curriculum Approach

One of the unique aspects of Chennai’s top schools is that they offer multiple curriculums under one roof. While CBSE and ICSE schools are common, many institutions also provide international options such as the IB (International Baccalaureate) and IGCSE (Cambridge) curriculum. This flexibility allows students to choose a learning path that best suits their strengths and career goals.

For instance, some schools offer a combination of CBSE and IGCSE up to middle school, allowing students to switch to an international syllabus if they wish to pursue education abroad. This adaptability ensures that students get the best of both worlds—strong foundational knowledge with an international perspective.

2. Advanced Technology is Changing the Way Students Learn

The top schools in Chennai are leading the way in integrating technology into education. Many schools have gone beyond the traditional blackboard-and-chalk method and have embraced smart classrooms, AI-powered learning, and virtual labs.

With digital tools like interactive whiteboards, augmented reality (AR), and artificial intelligence (AI)-based learning programs, students get a more engaging and personalized educational experience. Some schools even use AI-driven assessments to track student progress and customize lessons based on their individual learning needs. This modern approach makes education more effective and prepares students for the digital future.

3. Holistic Development is a Major Focus

While academic excellence is important, Chennai’s best schools place equal emphasis on overall student development. Extracurricular activities such as sports, music, drama, and robotics are integrated into the school curriculum to ensure students get a well-rounded education.

Several schools have dedicated sports academies that provide professional coaching in cricket, tennis, swimming, and other sports. There are also schools that offer unique programs in performing arts, dance, and theater, allowing students to explore their creative potential.

Additionally, leadership training programs and entrepreneurship clubs are gaining popularity, helping students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills from a young age. These initiatives ensure that students are prepared not just for exams, but also for real-world challenges.

4. Sustainability is a Key Priority

Many schools in Chennai are now actively incorporating sustainability into their education system. From eco-friendly campuses to green initiatives, these schools are teaching students the importance of protecting the environment.

For example, some schools have solar-powered classrooms, rainwater harvesting systems, and organic gardens where students learn about sustainable farming. Others organize tree-planting drives and waste management programs to instill a sense of environmental responsibility in students.

By making sustainability a part of everyday learning, these schools are helping shape responsible citizens who are aware of their impact on the planet.

5. Mental Health and Emotional Well-being are Taken Seriously

In recent years, Chennai’s leading schools have started prioritizing the mental health and emotional well-being of students. The growing academic pressure and the challenges of modern life can be overwhelming for children, and schools are now addressing this with dedicated counseling programs.

Many institutions have full-time psychologists and counselors who offer guidance and emotional support to students. Workshops on stress management, mindfulness, and meditation are regularly conducted to help students develop a healthy mindset.

Schools also promote open discussions about mental health, ensuring that students feel comfortable seeking help when needed. This focus on emotional well-being is making a significant difference in reducing stress and improving students’ overall happiness and performance.

Conclusion

The best schools in Chennai go beyond academics to provide a nurturing and future-ready environment for students. From adopting advanced technology to focusing on sustainability and mental health, these schools are setting new benchmarks in education.

If you are a parent looking for a school that offers more than just textbook learning, Chennai’s top institutions have a lot to offer. With their holistic approach, innovative teaching methods, and student-centric programs, they ensure that every child gets the opportunity to excel in both academics and life.

So, the next time you think about Chennai’s education system, remember that it’s not just about good grades—it’s about shaping future leaders, innovators, and responsible global citizens.

[thebusinessmagnate]

Michael Chanin: Providing 100% Clean On-Site Commercial Solar Power with Hassle-Free Installation and Maintenance at Cherry Street Energy

Sustainability energy initiatives and strong ESG goals are required in adopting the shift towards utilizing clean and green energy from renewable energy sources over environmentally disruptive fossil fuels. The renewable energy industry of a country and nation encourages its citizens to make a sustainable lifestyle decision that would make or break our dear planet Earth. Establishing goals to achieve a CO2-neutral or zero-emission industry or sector aims to reduce carbon footprint, increase reliance on independent electric power, and opt for durable and affordable long-term power generating sources, in the country.

Companies, organizations, and governments establish renewable energy manufacturing industries for electricity generation. With the world turning more sustainable in its practices, goals, decisions, and uses, powering cities, infrastructures, businesses, commercial sectors, and educational institutions with renewable solar power energy is what Cherry Street Energy aims to provide. One such American company that is Southeast USA’s leading provider of on-site commercial solar power in Atlanta, Georgia, Cherry Street Energy makes the adoption of emission-free energy “Simple as Sunshine.” The organization is responsible for designing, installing, owning, and maintaining solar power systems for businesses, manufacturers, educational institutions, and municipalities. Co-founded by Michael Chanin in 2015, Cherry Street Energy carries our solar power projects that are simple, uncomplicated, durable, and competitively priced. Therefore this article will share insights into how Michael Chanin founded the company and its conception, achievements, accomplishments, and future ventures in the industry and field. 

In the Drive to Make Solar Achievable: 

The Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer at Cherry Street Energy is Michael Chanin. Since the company’s establishment in the energy industry in 2015, in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Cherry Street Energy has been on a mission to provide large-scale energy users with clean energy. By producing and selling renewable and emission-free power, this electric power generation organization delivers a competitively priced and hassle-free process from design to maintenance of solar panels to businesses, cities, municipalities, educational institutions, and other non-profit organizations. Michael Chanin’s belief statement for Cherry Street Energy states, “We sit at an inflation point where advances in technology, banking, and construction have made renewable energy necessary and viable.” The CEO further shares, “We believe that renewable energy’s effect on the built environment is right, prosperous, and inevitable.” With commitments strongly focused on creating a brighter world, the company’s businesses will grow its operations, and its communities will be better enhanced to establish and promote a future of renewable energy that everyone can take part in. 

Having a BA Degree in American Studies from Northwestern University and an MPhil Degree in Development Studies from the University of Cambridge, Michael’s journey in the corporate world includes experiences in being an Associate to Goldman Sachs and Stifel Financial Corporation, a Director to KIXEYE, an Advisor to Wylan Energy, and a Vice President to SunTrust Robinson Humphrey. Founded Cherry Street Energy in 2015, the confidence that Michael has instilled in Cherry Street Energy by building it to be Southeast USA’s leading provider of solar energy, the CEO proves that his company does indeed have the required capabilities to power its economies, communities, and our world, as showcased in their portfolio of carrying out clean energy solutions in solar energy projects that have been completed since its conception.

Cherry Street Energy Solutions To The World:

Providing Solar Power Systems, Cherry Street Energy doesn’t sell solar panels but rather builds solar power systems. Solar Power Systems comprise a set of solar cells that generate electricity from the absorption of the sun’s energy. The company’s on-site Solar Power Systems are competitively priced to maintain its leading upper hand in the market and industry solutions by also delivering clean electricity at its customer’s desired locations. From designing, constructing, and maintaining the installed solar power systems, Cherry Street Energy aims to continuously generate electricity anywhere between 50kW to 10,000kW. Collecting payments from customers based only on the output of electricity consumed, special care is taken to provide its loyal and interested customers with a 20-year long-term profitable investment alongside ensuring optimal 365-day performance rates. 

Rooftops, Canopies, and Ground Mounts are the three areas of installation services for solar panels provided for customers by Cherry Street Energy. With their advantageous positive factors in rooftop installations, canopy installations, and ground mount installations, the company carries out careful and professional on-site solar power consultations to determine which would be the best kind of Solar Power Systems needed by customers for installation. By also determining the output of electricity consumed normally, diligent designs, permits and insurances, solar plant constructions, monitoring processes, repair works, and 24/7 365-day maintenance and optimizations are operations that will all be carried out in an orderly fashion. Cherry Street Energy assembles its solar panels in North America, and the steel used for the construction of canopy structures is sourced completely from the U.S.A.

Cherry Street Energy Today and its Future Ventures:

Having completed over 1,000+MWh every month, Cherry Street Energy as a renewable energy company powers over 83 solar power plants and provides a 98% up-time. Reliable and impactful, the company powers large on-site Commercial Businesses, Manufacturers (like Porsche Cars in North America and the Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation), Leading Educational Institutions (like Emory University in the City of Atlanta), Municipalities and Cities (like Fulton County in the City of Atlanta), and Pre-Construction Processes (of buildings like Electric Owl Studios and Marriott). 

Cherry Street Energy is soon to establish and launch EV Charging Stations and Solar Battery Storage shortly, to provide an optimized clean energy usage solution and greater independence from the grid.

Visit More : https://thebusinessmagnate.com/michael-chanin-providing-100-clean-on-site-commercial-solar-power-with-hassle-free-installation-and-maintenance-at-cherry-street-energy/

[thebourisbox]

NASA Advances Six Innovative Tech Concepts to New Phase, Including a Lunar Railway System

See on Scoop.it - Design, Science and Technology

  NASA’s Innovative Advanced Concepts program (NIAC) has selected six visionary concept studies for additional funding and development. Each study has already completed the initial NIAC phase, showing their futuristic ideas – like a lunar railway system and fluid-based telescopes – may provide fresh perspectives and approaches as NASA explores the unknown in space.

  The NIAC Phase II conceptual studies will receive up to $600,000 to continue working over the next two years to address key remaining technical and budget hurdles and pave their development path forward. When Phase II is complete, these studies could advance to the final NIAC phase, earning additional funding and development consideration toward becoming a future aerospace mission.

  “These diverse, science fiction-like concepts represent a fantastic class of Phase II studies,” said John Nelson, NIAC program executive at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “Our NIAC fellows never cease to amaze and inspire, and this class definitely gives NASA a lot to think about in terms of what’s possible in the future.” 

  The six concepts chosen for 2024 NIAC Phase II awards are:

Fluidic Telescope (FLUTE): Enabling the Next Generation of Large Space Observatories would create a large optical observatory in space using fluidic shaping of ionic liquids. These in-space observatories could potentially help investigate NASA’s highest priority astrophysics targets, including Earth-like exoplanets, first-generation stars, and young galaxies. The FLUTE study is led by Edward Balaban from NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley.

Pulsed Plasma Rocket: Shielded, Fast Transits for Humans to Mars is an innovative propulsion system that relies on using fission-generated packets of plasma for thrust. This innovative system could significantly reduce travel times between Earth and any destination in the solar system.  This study is led by Brianna Clements with Howe Industries in Scottsdale, Arizona.

The Great Observatory for Long Wavelengths (GO-LoW) could change the way NASA conducts astronomy. This mega constellation low-frequency radio telescope uses thousands of autonomous SmallSats capable of measuring the magnetic fields emitted from exoplanets and the cosmic dark ages. GO-LoW is led by Mary Knapp with MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Radioisotope Thermoradiative Cell Power Generator is investigating new in-space power sources, potentially operating at higher efficiencies than NASA legacy power generators. This technology could enable small exploration and science spacecraft in the future that are unable to carry bulky solar or nuclear power systems. This power generation concept study is from Stephen Polly at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York.

FLOAT: Flexible Levitation on a Track would be a lunar railway system, providing reliable, autonomous, and efficient payload transport on the Moon. This rail system could support daily operations of a sustainable lunar base as soon as the 2030s. Ethan Schaler leads FLOAT at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.

ScienceCraft for Outer Planet Exploration distributes Quantum Dot-based sensors throughout the surface of a solar sail, enabling it to become an innovative imager. Quantum physics would allow NASA to take scientific measurements through studying how the dots absorb light. By leveraging the solar sail’s area, it allows lighter, more cost-effective spacecraft to carry imagers across the solar system. ScienceCraft is led by NASA’s Mahmooda Sultana at the agency’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

  NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate funds the NIAC program, as it is responsible for developing the agency’s new cross-cutting technologies and capabilities to achieve its current and future missions.

Read the full article at: www.nasa.gov

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Astronomers deal a blow to theory that Venus once had liquid water on its surface

A team of astronomers has found that Venus has never been habitable, despite decades of speculation that our closest planetary neighbor was once much more like Earth than it is today.

The researchers, from the University of Cambridge, studied the chemical composition of the Venusian atmosphere and inferred that its interior is too dry today for there ever to have been enough water for oceans to exist at its surface. Instead, the planet has likely been a scorching, inhospitable world for its entire history.

The results, reported in the journal Nature Astronomy, have implications for understanding Earth's uniqueness, and for the search for life on planets outside our solar system. While many exoplanets are Venus-like, the study suggests that astronomers should narrow their focus to exoplanets which are more like Earth.

From a distance, Venus and Earth look like siblings: it is almost identical in size and is a rocky planet like Earth. But up close, Venus is more like an evil twin: it is covered with thick clouds of sulfuric acid, and its surface has a mean temperature close to 500°C.

Despite these extreme conditions, for decades, astronomers have been investigating whether Venus once had liquid oceans capable of supporting life, or whether some mysterious form of 'aerial' life exists in its thick clouds now.

"We won't know for sure whether Venus can or did support life until we send probes at the end of this decade," said first author Tereza Constantinou, a Ph.D. student at Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy. "But given it likely never had oceans, it is hard to imagine Venus ever having supported Earth-like life, which requires liquid water."

When searching for life elsewhere in our galaxy, astronomers focus on planets orbiting their host stars in the habitable zone, where temperatures are such that liquid water can exist on the planet's surface. Venus provides a powerful limit on where this habitable zone lies around a star.

"Even though it's the closest planet to us, Venus is important for exoplanet science, because it gives us a unique opportunity to explore a planet that evolved very differently to ours, right at the edge of the habitable zone," said Constantinou.

There are two primary theories on how conditions on Venus may have evolved since its formation 4.6 billion years ago. The first is that conditions on the surface of Venus were once temperate enough to support liquid water, but a runaway greenhouse effect caused by widespread volcanic activity caused the planet to get hotter and hotter.

The second theory is that Venus was born hot, and liquid water has never been able to condense at the surface.

"Both of those theories are based on climate models, but we wanted to take a different approach based on observations of Venus' current atmospheric chemistry," said Constantinou.

"To keep the Venusian atmosphere stable, then any chemicals being removed from the atmosphere should also be getting restored to it, since the planet's interior and exterior are in constant chemical communication with one another."

The researchers calculated the present destruction rate of water, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide molecules in Venus' atmosphere, which must be restored by volcanic gases to keep the atmosphere stable.

Volcanism, through its supply of gases to the atmosphere, provides a window into the interior of rocky planets like Venus. As magma rises from the mantle to the surface, it releases gases from the deeper portions of the planet.

On Earth, volcanic eruptions are mostly steam, due to our planet's water-rich interior. But, based on the composition of the volcanic gases necessary to sustain the Venusian atmosphere, the researchers found that volcanic gases on Venus are at most six percent water. These dry eruptions suggest that Venus's interior, the source of the magma that releases volcanic gases, is also dehydrated.

At the end of this decade, NASA's DAVINCI mission will be able to test and confirm whether Venus has always been a dry, inhospitable planet, with a series of flybys and a probe sent to the surface. The results could help astronomers narrow their focus when searching for planets that can support life in orbit around other stars in the galaxy.

"If Venus was habitable in the past, it would mean other planets we have already found might also be habitable," said Constantinou. "Instruments like the James Webb Space Telescope are best at studying the atmospheres of planets close to their host star, like Venus. But if Venus was never habitable, then it makes Venus-like planets elsewhere less likely candidates for habitable conditions or life.

"We would have loved to find that Venus was once a planet much closer to our own, so it's kind of sad in a way to find out that it wasn't, but ultimately it's more useful to focus the search on planets that are mostly likely to be able to support life—at least life as we know it."

IMAGE: Size comparison of Venus and Earth. Credit: NASA/JPL/Magellan

[jcmarchi]

Galaxy mergers solve early Universe mystery - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/galaxy-mergers-solve-early-universe-mystery-technology-org/

Galaxy mergers solve early Universe mystery - Technology Org

A team of astronomers led by the University of Cambridge has used the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope to reveal, for the first time, what lies in the local environment of galaxies in the very early Universe.

This has solved one of the most puzzling mysteries in astronomy – why astronomers detect light from hydrogen atoms that should have been entirely blocked by the pristine gas that formed after the Big Bang.

These new observations have found small, faint objects surrounding the galaxies that show the ‘inexplicable’ hydrogen emission. In conjunction with state-of-the-art simulations of galaxies in the early Universe, the observations have shown that the chaotic merging of these neighbouring galaxies is the source of this hydrogen emission. The results are reported in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Light travels at a finite speed (300 000 km a second), which means that the further away a galaxy is, the longer it takes the light from it to reach our solar system. As a result, not only do observations of the most distant galaxies probe the far reaches of the Universe, but they also allow us to study the Universe as it was in the past.

To study the early Universe, astronomers require exceptionally powerful telescopes that are capable of observing very distant – and therefore very faint – galaxies. One of Webb’s key capabilities is its ability to observe these galaxies, and probe the early history of the Universe.

The earliest galaxies were sites of vigorous and active star formation, and were rich sources of a type of light emitted by hydrogen atoms called Lyman-α emission. However, during the epoch of reionisation, an immense amount of neutral hydrogen gas surrounded these stellar nurseries. Furthermore, the space between galaxies was filled by more of this neutral gas than is the case today. The gas can effectively absorb and scatter this kind of hydrogen emission, so astronomers have long predicted that the abundant Lyman-α emission released in the early Universe should not be observable today.

This theory has not always stood up to scrutiny, however, as astronomers have previously observed examples of early hydrogen emission. This has presented a mystery: how is it that this hydrogen emission – which should have long since been absorbed or scattered – is being observed?

“One of the most puzzling issues that previous observations presented was the detection of light from hydrogen atoms in the very early Universe, which should have been entirely blocked by the pristine neutral gas that was formed after the Big Bang,” said lead author Callum Witten from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy. “Many hypotheses have previously been suggested to explain the great escape of this ‘inexplicable’ emission.”

The team’s breakthrough came thanks to Webb’s combination of angular resolution and sensitivity. The observations with Webb’s NIRCam instrument were able to resolve smaller, fainter galaxies that surround the bright galaxies from which the ‘inexplicable’ hydrogen emission had been detected. In other words, the surroundings of these galaxies appear to be a much busier place than we previously thought, filled with small, faint galaxies.

These smaller galaxies were interacting and merging with one another, and Webb has revealed that galaxy mergers play an important role in explaining the mystery emission from the earliest galaxies.

“Where Hubble was seeing only a large galaxy, Webb sees a cluster of smaller interacting galaxies, and this revelation has had a huge impact on our understanding of the unexpected hydrogen emission from some of the first galaxies,” said co-author Sergio Martin-Alvarez from Stanford University.

The team then used computer simulations to explore the physical processes that might explain their results. They found that the rapid build-up of stellar mass through galaxy mergers both drove strong hydrogen emission and facilitated the escape of that radiation via channels cleared of the abundant neutral gas. So, the high merger rate of the previously unobserved smaller galaxies presented a compelling solution to the long-standing puzzle of the ‘inexplicable’ early hydrogen emission.

The team is planning follow-up observations with galaxies at various stages of merging, to continue to develop their understanding of how the hydrogen emission is ejected from these changing systems. Ultimately, this will enable them to improve our understanding of galaxy evolution.

Source: Cambridge University

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[classickinect01]

How Transportable Homes Are Redefining Eco-Friendly Living?

Transportable homes, or modular or prefabricated homes, have gained immense popularity in recent years as more individuals and businesses seek sustainable and eco-friendly living solutions.

This blog post will delve into the various aspects of Cambridge transportable homes and how they redefine eco-friendly living.

The Environmental Benefits of Transportable Homes

Transportable homes offer numerous environmental benefits that make them a compelling choice for those seeking sustainable living options. One of the primary advantages is the reduced carbon footprint associated with their construction. These homes are built using environmentally friendly materials and energy-efficient features, significantly minimising greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional housing construction methods.

Furthermore, the modular design of transportable homes Cambridge allows for preserving natural resources. The manufacturing process involves using materials efficiently, reducing waste and reducing environmental impact. Additionally, sustainable practices such as rainwater harvesting systems and integrating renewable energy sources like solar panels further enhance the ecological credentials of transportable homes.

Energy Efficiency in Transportable Homes

Energy efficiency is a key aspect of transportable homes and contributes to environmental sustainability and home cost savings. These homes are designed to optimise energy consumption and reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources.

Transportable homes often incorporate energy-saving features such as solar panels, insulation, and smart home technology. Solar panels harness the power of the sun to generate electricity, reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and lowering utility bills. Insulation is crucial in maintaining a comfortable indoor environment while minimising energy loss. Smart home technology enables homeowners to monitor and control energy usage, optimising efficiency.

Flexibility and Adaptability of Transportable Homes

One of the most appealing aspects of transportable homes is their versatility and adaptability. These homes offer the flexibility to be relocated or expanded, allowing homeowners to adapt to changing needs or environmental conditions.

Imagine moving your home to a new location without the hassle and cost of traditional moving processes. Transportable homes make this possible, allowing individuals and businesses to relocate to different areas while maintaining eco-friendly living solutions.

Transportable homes can be easily integrated with renewable energy systems such as wind turbines or rainwater harvesting. This adaptability enables homeowners to take advantage of local resources and reduce their environmental impact.

Cost-effectiveness and Affordability

Aside from their environmental benefits, transportable homes offer a cost-effective housing solution. The streamlined manufacturing processes used in constructing these homes result in lower costs than traditional homes.

Transportable homes are often customisable within budget constraints, allowing homeowners to personalise their living space without breaking the bank. This affordability makes sustainable living more accessible to a broader range of individuals and businesses, ultimately contributing to the growth of eco-friendly communities.

Health Benefits and Sustainable Living Practices

Transportable homes benefit the environment, save costs, and promote healthier living. These homes are constructed using non-toxic materials, ensuring improved indoor air quality and reducing the risk of health issues associated with conventional housing.

Furthermore, transportable homes encourage sustainable living practices. With the integration of features like composting systems and rainwater harvesting, homeowners can actively participate in reducing their ecological footprint. These practices benefit the environment and foster a healthier lifestyle for individuals and their families.

Conclusion:

Transportable homes are revolutionising the concept of eco-friendly living. Their environmental benefits, energy efficiency, flexibility, affordability, and health advantages make them an attractive choice for individuals and businesses seeking sustainable housing solutions. By embracing transportable homes Cambridge, we can redefine our approach to living and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.

[nishilgupta]

Copper Tubes Market worth $54.5 billion by 2028

HVACR (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration) applications hold the largest market share in the copper tubes market primarily due to copper's exceptional thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance properties, which are crucial for efficient heat transfer and long-term durability in these systems. Copper tubes are widely used in HVACR systems for their ability to handle both high and low-temperature conditions, ensuring optimal performance in heating and cooling processes. Additionally, copper's antimicrobial properties make it suitable for use in air conditioning systems where maintaining indoor air quality is essential. Its reliability, versatility, and proven track record in HVACR applications have cemented copper tubes as the preferred choice, driving their dominant market share in this industry. The Asia Pacific region is the largest and fastest-growing market for copper tubes, driven by several key factors. First, robust urbanization and industrialization, particularly in countries like China and India, have led to increased demand for copper tubes in infrastructure, construction, and manufacturing, covering plumbing, HVAC systems, and electrical networks. Second, a booming construction sector, spurred by population growth and a burgeoning middle class, has heightened the need for residential and commercial structures, intensifying demand for copper tubes in plumbing and air conditioning. Third, the automotive industry, especially in China and India, has experienced exponential growth, with copper tubes vital in applications like radiators and air conditioning, boosting demand. Additionally, government investments in infrastructure across transportation, energy, and water supply rely on copper tubes for secure plumbing and electrical systems, further fueling demand. The electrical and electronics industry, home to major manufacturers in the Asia-Pacific, uses copper tubes extensively for components like heat exchangers, connectors, and coils, driven by the surge in consumer electronics. The region's focus on renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, has increased copper tube usage in applications like solar thermal systems. Infrastructure upgrades in older buildings favor copper tubes for their durability. The substantial and fast-growing population migrating to urban areas sustains demand across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The key players in this market are are Mueller Streamline Co.(US), KME Group S.p.A (Italy), Wieland Group (Germany), LUVATA (Finaland), KOBE STEEL, LTD. (Japan), Cambridge – Lee Industries LLC (USA), Shanghai Metal Corporation (China), Qindao Hongtai Copper Co., LTD (China), CERRO Flow Products LLC (USA), MM Kembla (Australia).