#The Weight Of The Vacuum

[wordacrosstime]

The Weight Of The Vacuum: A Scientific History Of Dark Energy

[The Weight of the Vacuum: A Scientific History of Dark Energy. By: Helge S Kragh, James M Overduin. Ist Edition. Date: 5 June 2014. Publisher: Springer,  Berlin, Heidelberg. Series: SpringerBriefs in Physics. Pages: 121. Illustrations: 23 black and white. Dimensions: 15.49 x 0.71 x 23.5 cm. ISBN: 978-3-642-55089-8.(Thanks to publisher for publishing information)]

One of the most surprising and fascinating aspects of astrophysics and cosmology today is the notion of ’dark energy‘ and its evil twin ’dark matter‘. These are not in quotes to suggest that they are somehow fictitious; rather, this is to call them out as significant topics that have dominated much of the current discussion in modern physics dealing with gravity, expansion (or not) of the universe, and other issues that drive humanity’s relentless quest to understand our place in the grand scheme of reality.

It is difficult to appreciate where these issues and questions arise without understanding the sort of thinking that preceded the modern view.  This tidy monograph does an outstanding job of filling in those historical blanks, so to speak.  Starting with Aristotelean logic from ancient Greece and moving smoothly through the salad days of Isaac Newton into the twentieth century and beyond, this book demonstrates the evolution of natural science (previously referred to as natural philosophy, which might actually be a better choice today!) from pure empiricism to hypotheses borne from mathematical considerations.  And lying in wait amid all of these intellectual perambulations is dark energy.

So, what is dark energy?  Put simply, no one really knows!  In one respect, the existence of dark energy can be seen to follow logically from quantum mechanics (and its smarter younger sibling, quantum field theory) and the famous Uncertainty Principle from Werner Heisenberg.  This latter principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously measure both the position and the momentum of an object to arbitrary precision.  The idea is that any such measurement of one property inherently perturbs the other – you can’t get something for nothing.  However, the Uncertainty Principle has far-reaching implications in related measurements.  For example, this means that there is no such thing as a perfect vacuum – the complete absence of any sort of matter (or energy) in a parcel of empty space.  That’s because if such a thing were possible, then an observer could state that the parcel of empty space has zero energy and zero mass, ie we know where the parcel is (exactly) and we know what its exact momentum is (zero).   The Uncertainty Principle says that this is a no-no.  A cartoon may illustrate this more succinctly:

The key is to focus in on the energy element of the previous assertion.  In all of the universe, empty space and all, there is something called the zero-point energy.  What this means (loosely) is that even empty space ‘contains’ energy.  In fact, the energy content of empty space is quite large indeed, although exact computation of its value has proved elusive.  But nearly every astrophysicist agrees that this mysterious energy budget accounts for the lion’s share of energy in the universe in total – certainly greater than 50%, and by some estimates, as much as 90% of the universe Actually that’s only partially true; due to Einstein’s famous equation, E = mc2, energy (E) and mass (m) are essentially interchangeable, so lumped in with the energy budget is an implicit mass budget into which the energy can convert under certain conditions.

So what does all of this dark energy (and matter) mean for our understanding of cosmological properties?  It’s a mixed bag – on the one hand, one property of dark energy and matter is that they don’t appear to directly interact with ordinary energy and matter (which means we can’t directly observe either one), but on the other hand, they do appear to be driving a large portion of the dynamics we can see through telescopes and other instruments. For instance, dark matter is thought to be integrally involved in the unusual speed of rotation of the outer arms of many (most?) galaxies (although there is a modern theory - called MOND - that might offer a different explanation of this phenomenon without needing dark matter).  Similarly, dark energy is thought to explain much of the noted expansion of the universe in all directions, sort of like an explosion into the void.

It’s a highly technical and controversial area of modern physics.  This monograph will set the stage for the reader; further research will require delving into the more academic journals and texts to see what’s really going on (or what we think is going on).  There are whispers of superluminal (faster-than-light) particle movement, arrow of time reversal, and other exotic ideas all wrapped up with dark energy and dark matter.  This book invites the reader to take the next step and check out what this could mean in a larger sense.

[Photo credits (with thanks to copyright holders) top to bottom: Cartoon: © Copyright holder. Cover: © Springer. Portrait of Helge S Kragh © Copyright holder. Portrait of James M Overduin © Towson University USA]

Kevin Gillette

Words Across Time

9 September 2022

wordsacrosstime

[marzipanandminutiae]

so I just carried two solid wood antique chairs almost a mile across my neighborhood because they were on the curb and I wanted them

and I feel like that says something about me as a person

[haxorus612]

actually i can't stop thinking about it. amiya bossfight meta time.

amiya as a fighter is not particularly exemplary in any regard. she doesn't defeat any notable opponents, she doesn't have particularly powerful arts, even her own unique arts aren't especially suited to battle so why do i want to fight her? easy: she knows you, same reason i want to fight kal'tsit. kal'tsit would also be a terrifying boss fight, but she constitutes a massive physical threat, whereas amiya would need to get craftier.

amiya would be a boss with relatively low stats, and few defensive abilities. instead she would make up for it by reacting to the player's actions. deploy a specialist? she massively increases your operator's redeployment timers. deploy a defender? their maximum hp decreases. deploy a sniper? she turns herself and all enemies invisible. defeat her with arts? her resistance/arts dodge increases. her personal arts is empathy reading, she can't 100% read your mind, she can't prepare *perfect* counters, but she sure can get those surface thoughts and get a leg up over your strategy

i also figure that despite her low stats, she'd be a long, grueling fight. you'd take down her first health bar, and she'd just get another one, like 5-6 times in a row. more like an elite enemy that won't stay dead. her high true damage attacks especially would turn it into a grinding battle of attrition. amiya isn't super strong, but she's persistent, both in battle and in life. when she encounters an obstacle it's time to think of a new solution, not give up which is why, just like the endspeaker, each phase would give her a new, stronger buff, and her debuffs would get harder and harder to deal with. if i got my way it'd be like: if you deploy a specialist in her 1st phase, it increases redeployment times by like, 70%, pretty bad but you can work around it. in her 6th phase though? it'd be like, 420%. that operator is gone for the rest of the operation. 90% HP debuffs. 90% attack debuffs. -200 aspd. you basically have to soft-ban entire classes just to have a functional defense depending on how it happened, the various phase buffs could be themed around different sarkaz heroes throughout history, but i'd like it to never make her particularly superhuman. her weight is like, 4-5, so you can still shift or lift her. she still has a block count of 1, so even melantha can block her. instead it's just like phase 1: arts damage, melee range phase 2: arts damage, true damage skill, 1.2 tile range phase 3: arts damage, elemental damage skill, true damage skill, 1.5 tile range phase 4: dual hits arts damage, mass multi-hit arts damage like her s2, and all the previous skills. 2 tile range etc etc, nothing terribly crazy like "teleports 3 tiles and disables the attack of all operators in range and calls you mean names and steals your lunch money" i think it'd be cute if she didn't even turn invulnerable between phases, she just leaves and comes back later. like she's redeploying after using her s3.

obviously there's no way that they'd ever do something like this, but this is the first thing i'd do when making a fan game sdlkfjs also other ideas: she deploys operators from her squad. amiya is the boss, ofc, but you also have to fight dobermann and a lot of unnamed rhodes personnel. best case scenario: you're fighting the *entirety* of rhodes, and she deploys some real heavy-hitters like blaze and rosmontis against you. just pray logos, ascalon, and misery are out that day. kal'tsit would also be an entirely separate boss fight

still, it's one thing i really can't stop thinking about. theresa chose her as the king of sarkaz for a reason. what if it wasn't just out of desperation? what if she saw something rich, and powerful in her? i know it's selfish of me, but i want to see that from the other side. what do our enemies see in amiya?

[enniewritesathing]

catching the uber

[itshomobirb]

not to be a housewife on main but guess who just discovered dry mopping. i got this industial/commercial style mop that's basically a swiffer but built to last. and reusable microfiber mop pads. and horgh it's so much better than sweeping. you literally just keep it on the ground at all times and push it around the floor. and then at the end i had a pile of fur n dust the pad didn't pick up -- easy to just vacuum the small pile, instead of lugging the heavy vacuum around the entire house !! i also put the mop handle on the floor, pad facing upright (still velcroed to the mop) and ran the vacuum over it to pick up a lot of the dirt, before tossing the pad into my laundry basket. woohoo !!! clean floors !! without too much energy spent !!

[wantbytaemin]

my work girls complain like every day about their bf’s weaponised incompetence and im just like. bewildered bc if someone did that to me im moving tf out of that house and you’re never getting me back in there.

[the-holy-ghosted]

oh. its a song about loss. i get it now

[alliluyevas]

is it ever so quiet that it starts being loud. You know what I mean.

[glsneeg-enthusiast]

sneeg needs to be vacuum sealed it would help him alot i think

[raveartts]

finally drew that adopt I bought a few thousand years ago

[snoopyist]

it’s amazing how much i feel like a real person again after cleaning

[artificer-dice]

Guys I messed up 😅

One of the number one rules with working with silicone and molds and resin in a pressure pot is you don't seal in a pocket of air.

Guess what I accidentally did in the stupidest way possible 😅 on the cute d6s I was super excited about too!

I was able to remove them by hacking at the bumps with some wire cutters until they lost adhesion with the face (which I realize is something I need to fix in the process) and I was able to peel them off, which took the paint with it but it should be easy to fix now.

They have hearts for the 6 faces and I love them so I'm going to fix them but it's a learning moment I didn't necessarily want to have today but at least it was salvageable!

[victoriancrimegoblin]

A shelf fell on me and i liked it.

Best squish since waighted blanket

[zaffre7]

"kms/kys jokes are funny"

No. They aren't. They weren't funny in 2012, they aren't funny now, and they never will be funny. Ever.

Violent self depreciation makes your quality of life worse. The more you say it, the more you believe it. "Fake it 'till you make it" behavior but in the worst way possible.

MAYBE THINK ABOUT THE PEOPLE WHO SEE WHAT YOU SAY AND HOW IT AFFECTS THEM TOO?? YOU COULD BE PUTTING SOMEONE IN A HORRIBLE MENTAL STATE BECAUSE YOU THINK SERIOUS SHIT LIKE THIS IS """FUNNY""" !!!!!

[parknonwovenindia]

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[jellybeansmud]

craving some matcha with coconut cream rn but nowhere to buy it :( literally nowhere in the city sells matcha and cococream is only in big stores and only in big cans. i can't drink a whole can in a few days and have nothing sealable to keep it in it. will go bad :( i ordered some but they're not gonna be here till.at least tomorrow and i wanna it now !!