#Wireless Sensor Networks

[bdigit24]

Edinburgh-based CSignum raises over €6.9 million to scale its groundbreaking EM-2 underwater wireless communication technology unlocking new possibilities for real-time data transmission in marine, environmental, and industrial sectors #UnderwaterIoT #WirelessCommunication #TechInnovation #Edinburgh

[global-research-report]

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Market Insights: Key Players, Innovations & Opportunities

The global industrial wireless sensor network market size is expected to reach USD 11.37 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 12.1% from 2024 to 2030, according to a new study conducted by Grand View Research, Inc. The benefits offered by industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) over wired networks, such as mobility, self-discovery capability, compact size, cost-effectiveness, and reduced complexity, are anticipated to play a significant role in increasing global demand.

IWSN is an advanced method of communication between two or more remotely located devices without interruption. The systems comprise nodes that act as access points to form a better communication system. In IWSN, sensor nodes are connected through various wireless technologies such as ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and WirelessHART. Increasing adoption of wireless communication, need for strong connectivity across remote locations, and demand for network infrastructure are expected to fuel market growth.

Recent advancements in the fields of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have further increased demand for wireless networks and strong connectivity. Accelerated adoption of these technologies by the oil and gas, manufacturing, utilities, and automotive verticals is expected to boost the growth of the industrial wireless sensor network market. In addition, key players in the market are investing heavily in R&D to explore the scope of the technology for innovations, integration, and new product developments. For instance, ABB Ltd., which has 7 research centers and more than 8,000 technologists, invested USD 1.5 billion in R&D in 2016.

The hardware segment is anticipated to witness substantial growth as they detect activities and send information from one device to another through various communication technologies. Increasing miniaturization of electronic components and advancements in communication technology make it possible to develop a seamless network. The software handles device-specific tasks, such as initialization of hardware, memory management, and process management, as well as scheduling. The software segment generated the highest revenue in 2023 and the trend is expected to continue over the forecast period.

Global players in the IWSN market are collaborating with new entrants to provide improved products and systems with enhanced performance. In January 2017, Honeywell Process Solutions collaborated with AEREON to develop solutions that help the industrial sector improve operational efficiency, safety, and reliability.

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Market Report Highlights

The software segment is anticipated to emerge as the fastest-growing segment over the forecast period owing to the increasing demand for advanced process & control monitoring, data collection, and data processing software.

The gas sensors segment is anticipated to emerge as the fastest growing segment due to rapidly increasing focus on workplace safety in industries such as oil & gas, pharmaceuticals, chemical & petroleum, building automation, and food & beverages.

The Asia Pacific regional market is expected to grow at the highest CAGR from 2024 to 2030 owing to the significant growth in manufacturing sector in developing countries such as India and China.

The cellular network segment is expected to witness fastest growth over the forecast period due to the rapidly growing demand for Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies-based Internet of Things (IoT) devices using LTE-M and Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) networks.

Curious about the Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Market? Get a FREE sample copy of the full report and gain valuable insights.

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global industrial wireless sensor network market report based on component, sensor network, technology, application, end use, and region:

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network  (IWSN) Component Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Hardware

Software

Services

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network  (IWSN) Sensor Network Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Temperature Sensor Networks

Pressure Sensor Networks

Level Sensor Networks

Flow Sensor Networks

Humidity Sensor Networks

Motion & Position Sensor Networks

Gas Sensor Networks

Light Sensor Networks

Chemical Sensor Networks

Others

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network  (IWSN) Technology Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Bluetooth

ZigBee

Wi-Fi

Near Field Communication (NFC)

Cellular Network

WirelessHART

ISA 100.11a

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network  (IWSN) Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Machine Monitoring

Process Monitoring

Asset Tracking

Safety & Surveillance

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network  (IWSN) End Use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Automotive

Oil & Gas

Utilities

Mining

Food & Beverage

Manufacturing

Others

Industrial Wireless Sensor Network  (IWSN) Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

North America

S.

Canada

Mexico

Europe

UK

Germany

France

Asia Pacific

Japan

China

India

Australia

South Korea

Latin America

Brazil

Middle East & Africa

South Africa

Saudi Arabia

UAE

Key Players of Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Market

Cisco Systems, Inc.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Advantech Co., Ltd.

Honeywell International Inc.

Analog Devices, Inc.

Texas Instruments Incorporated

Intel Corporation

ABB

NXP Semiconductors

Sensirion AG

Order a free sample PDF of the Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

[poonamcmi]

The Amazing World of Sensor Detectors are devices that detect and respond

What are Detectors? Detectors are devices that detect and respond to some type of input from the physical environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any other physical phenomenon that can be measured. By converting the input to an electronic signal, detectors enable monitoring and automating real-world processes.

Types of Common Detectors There are many different types of detectors based on the specific input they are designed to detect. Here are some of the most common detectors used today:

Light Detectors Light detectors detect illumination levels and are used commonly in automatic lighting controls, camera auto-focus systems, and digital clocks that glow in the dark. Common light detectors include photo resistors, photo diodes, and photo transistors that change their electrical properties depending on the amount of light striking their active surface.

Temperature Sensor Temperature detectors measure ambient or surface temperature and often output an analog voltage that varies with temperature. Sensor Thermistors and thermocouples are widely used temperature detectors. Thermocouples generate a small voltage proportional to the temperature difference between two junctions of dissimilar metals. Thermistors change their electrical resistance with temperature in a known manner. Temperature detectors find applications in thermostats, medical equipment, heating/cooling systems and more.

Motion Detectors Motion detectors detect movement of objects and people. Passive infrared (PIR) motion detectors are commonly seen in outdoor lighting and security systems. Ultrasonic motion detectors detect motion by sensing changes in ultrasonic patterns. Optical mouse detectors also fall into this category as they sense motion and movement. Industrial robots often use motion detectors to detect position and speed.

Pressure Detectors Pressure detectors measure the force per unit area applied on their surface. Strain gauge pressure detectors change their electrical resistance with the amount of applied pressure. They are used to measure everything from tire pressure to blood pressure. Capacitive pressure detectors use capacitance changes to sense pressure. Piezoresistive pressure detectors alter their electrical resistance when strained under pressure.

Proximity Detectors Proximity detectors indicate if an object is near or within a given distance range without physically touching it. Common proximity detector technologies include ultrasonic, infrared, inductive loops, and laser optical. They find widespread use in industrial machine automation, assembly lines, and object detection applications.

Advancing Micro-Detector Technology As microchip fabrication technology advances, detectors are becoming smaller, cheaper, and more powerful. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) allow detector features to be integrated directly onto silicon chips alongside digital circuits. This opens up many new possibilities for pervasive sensing across diverse industries.

Tiny environmental detectors based on MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes enable motion-activated user interfaces and electronic stability control in vehicles. MEMS pressure detectors monitor engine performance and structural stress. MEMS microphone arrays support speech-enabled user interfaces and noise cancellation. Miniature biodetectors based on chemical detectors, bio-implants, and DNA/RNA identification promise to revolutionize personal healthcare.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is accelerating detector innovations further by connecting everyday objects and environments to the internet. Embedded with detectors, things like home appliances, industrial equipment, vehicles, medical devices, infrastructure, and consumer goods continuously monitor their own status and environmental conditions. Wireless MEMS pressure and temperature loggers track shipments. Smart lighting uses embedded motion and light detectors for enhanced efficiency and user experiences. Detectors will further shrink and proliferate in the coming years towards realizing a fully sensed world.

Future Directions in Sensor Technologay By combining multiple detector capabilities on single chips, we can sense increasingly complex phenomena. Multidetectory systems merge data from MEMS accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, and microphones to accurately track motion, orientation, and location in three-dimensional spaces. Advanced data processing allows taking inputs from diverse detector arrays to identify odors, flavors, textures, and properties beyond the scope of individual detectors.

Biodetectors and chemical detectors hold much promise in areas like biomedical testing, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. Rapid DNA sequencing using nanodetectors may enable non-invasive, real-time medical diagnostic tests. Taste detectors that mimic human physiology could revolutionize food quality assessment. Small, low power gas detectors networked throughout smart buildings may help detect hazardous leaks instantly. Continued research is sure to yield new types of detectors we have not even imagined yet.

Sensor play a huge role in our world by enabling the interaction between electronics and the real world. Constant advancements in microfabrication and computing power are expanding sensing capabilities to unprecedented levels with each new generation of technology. In the future, sensing will become even more pervasive, intelligent and seamlessly integrated into our daily lives for enhanced convenience, safety, sustainability and scientific discovery. Get More Insights On, Sensor About Author: Ravina Pandya, Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravina-pandya-1a3984191)

[technology-123s-blog]

Wireless Sensor Network Projects for Engineering Students

Takeoff Projects provides dynamic wireless sensor network projects for engineering students. From designing energy-saving systems to implementing real-time monitoring systems, our services cover various aspects of WSN technology. Students explore sensor node development, data collection, and network optimization, and gain hands-on experience with state-of-the-art techniques. Whether we’re exploring applications in environmental management, healthcare, or smart services, our projects contribute to innovation and useful skills.

Latest wireless sensor network projects:

1.Design and implementation of LoRa-based intelligent field service system with wireless sensor network:

This work proposes the development of an agricultural environmental sensor for low-energy environment based on LoRa wireless technology. Given the way in which current smart agriculture data is collected and processed in terms of location and the need to maintain the associated equipment, Zigbee, Wi-Fi, GPRS Traditional wireless sensing technologies have short transmission ranges and interfering signals on large farms and other weather and environmental monitoring systems.

2.Energy-efficient materials distribution in wireless energy harvesting sensor networks:

In this application, we mainly focus on energy conservation in WSN. Energy harvesting (EH) sensors have been proposed in recent years to overcome the mentioned problem. These sensors can strategically collect the required energy from the environment, resulting in a longer lifetime.

3.Energy-neutral wireless sensor network based on SWIPT in Wireless Powered Communication Network:

In this work, we introduce a new ENO algorithm. For the energy-neutral performance (ENO) of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), we consider a WSN embedded in a wireless-powered communication network. On this website.

4.LEACH protocol development to improve WSN lifetime:

In this paper, we propose a new approach to achieve better performance of the WSN Network lifetime and data transmission time terms are reduced and represented packet delay time. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become one of the most prominent of them Methods commonly used in agriculture, industrial inspection, and other applications health care and incineration.

So, way waiting join us use this exciting wireless sensor network projects. Through expert guidance and advanced resources, students embark on a journey of discovery, culminating in impactful solutions to today’s challenges. Advance your technical skills with immersive wireless sensor network services from Takeoff Projects. More Info: https://takeoffprojects.com/wireless-sensor-network-projects

Meta Tags: wireless sensor projects, networking projects, engineering projects, final year projects, academic projects,

[electricalinsightsdaily]

RN42 Bluetooth Module: A Comprehensive Guide

The RN42 Bluetooth module was developed by Microchip Technology. It’s designed to provide Bluetooth connectivity to devices and is commonly used in various applications, including wireless communication between devices.

Features Of RN42 Bluetooth Module

The RN42 Bluetooth module comes with several key features that make it suitable for various wireless communication applications. Here are the key features of the RN42 module:

Bluetooth Version:

The RN42 module is based on Bluetooth version 2.1 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate).

Profiles:

Supports a range of Bluetooth profiles including Serial Port Profile (SPP), Human Interface Device (HID), Audio Gateway (AG), and others. The availability of profiles makes it versatile for different types of applications.

Frequency Range:

Operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band, the standard frequency range for Bluetooth communication.

Data Rates:

Offers data rates of up to 3 Mbps, providing a balance between speed and power consumption.

Power Supply Voltage:

Operates with a power supply voltage in the range of 3.3V to 6V, making it compatible with a variety of power sources.

Low Power Consumption:

Designed for low power consumption, making it suitable for battery-powered applications and energy-efficient designs.

Antenna Options:

Provides options for both internal and external antennas, offering flexibility in design based on the specific requirements of the application.

Interface:

Utilizes a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) interface for serial communication, facilitating easy integration with microcontrollers and other embedded systems.

Security Features:

Implements authentication and encryption mechanisms to ensure secure wireless communication.

Read More: RN42 Bluetooth Module

[abcergh]

Global Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN) Market Size, Share, Growth Analysis, By Offering(services, software), By End use(Building Automation, Banking)

Global Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN) Market Insights

Global Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN) Market size was valued at USD 4.97 billion in 2021 and is poised to grow from USD 8.62 billion in 2022 to USD 9.02 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 7.13% in the forecast period (2023-2030).

A network infrastructure called an industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) makes it possible to connect sensor nodes and gateways without the use of fibre cables. Through radio nodes configured in suitable topologies, it also makes improved communication possible. As a result, the demand for IWSN has been growing over the past few years, and this trend is anticipated to continue during the course of the forecast. The demand for network infrastructure is expected to increase over the upcoming years, and big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) advancements will all contribute to this growth.

These technologies have made it possible for businesses to examine the massive amounts of data collected from many sorts of sensors, including temperature, motion, pressure, gas, flow, and chemical, to name a few. In order to provide flawless communication via wireless networks, emerging economies around the world place a strong emphasis on developing communication links between industrial devices. As a result of their capacity to operate without interruption in challenging distant areas, industries like oil & gas and utilities are deploying wireless sensor networks. For industrial applications like environmental sensing, condition monitoring, and process automation, major sectors like utilities, oil & gas, and automotive are embracing wirelessly connected devices like sensor nodes, routers, and gateways. Infrastructure for wireless sensor networks has been put in place as a result of consumers' increasing usage of connected gadgets.

Global Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN) Market Segmental Analysis

The global Industrial Wireless sensor network market is segmented into offerings, end use, and region. By offering Industrial Wireless sensor network market is segmented into services, software, and hardware. On the basis of end use Building Automation, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI), Banking, Industrial, Wearable Devices, Healthcare, Retail, and Others based on the end-user industry. Based on region, the Industrial Wireless sensor network market is segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and MEA.

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks Market Analysis by Offering

The market is divided into three categories based on offerings: services, software, and hardware. The software sector dominated the market due to the growing need for self-organizing networks and service-oriented software architecture. Additionally, it is anticipated to have the fastest growth rate over the forecasted time frame. The market in industries has been further bolstered by the implementation of Software Defined Network (SDN) in the IWSN to increase efficiency and sustainability.

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks Market Analysis by End Use

The market is divided into Building Automation, Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI), Industrial, Wearable Devices, Healthcare, Retail, and Others based on the end-user industry. Due to wireless sensor networks' crucial contribution to the development of new technologies that assist patient monitoring, diagnostics, and therapy, the healthcare sector commands a sizable portion of the market. As healthcare systems advance, it is anticipated that medical devices that can monitor daily activities and gather crucial data through sensors in emergency rooms, as well as data analytics tools, will become more crucial.

[spinchip]

Concept: the Staff of Forbidden Spinjitzu doesn't whisper to Zane. Instead, its "whispers" take the form of popups along his HUD disguised as alerts or warnings. Things like "If you put me down now, your friends will never find you. [OK]” or “Killing these prisoners villagers will increase Vex’s approval and reinforce your reign. Proceed? [Y/N]”

(I like this particular flavor because it really leans into Zane's robotic nature: he can ignore whispers by turning off his auditory sensors or filtering noise, but he can't ignore system alerts.)

Also, the following scene has lived rent-free in my brain ever since I came up with the concept. (Italics are Zane's default OS. Everything else is the Staff.)

>IF YOU ARE GOING TO DESTROY ME, "ZANE" -Move File:"NeverrealmMemories" to Core Memory Functions-WARNING: Attempting to delete, move, or suppress File"NeverrealmMemories" after moving will cause total system failure. Proceed with move anyway? >[YES] -File transferred. -Permanently remove fatal combat safeguards? >[YES] -Safeguards removed. >THEN I WILL MAKE SURE YOU CAN NEVER FORGET WHAT YOU DID, SYSID:ICEEMPEROR

-Connection Terminated.

(I have a few more Ideas for the "Scroll Corruption looks like Computer Alert messages to Zane" idea-ones that really lean into Zanes Nindroid nature, as well as the tech-y appearance of the Dark Ice.) -The Staff did a lot more than just send alert messages: it slowly wormed its way into Zane's code like a computer virus, tweaking a few things. It took great care to remove Zane's combat safeguards, eventually deleting them entirely and ensuing he defaulted to lethal force. It never removed his core directive of "Protecting those who cannot protect themselves" since that was vital to his systems running, but it did reinterpret said directive as "Protect Dark Ice Network and everything connected to it, for it is fragile and cannot protect itself from outsiders". (It also couldn't delete his morality subroutines without causing a crash, so it instead made them a much lower priority and shoved them to the back of his digital mind.) -After 60+ years of being in the grasp of a mechanical being, the Staff now exclusively speaks in the manner of a computer, and cannot adapt to organic minds the way it used to. (The other Staff is not like this, as it's still attuned to organic brains.) -You know those Sci-Fi stories where people are plugged into computers and know every part of the ship/city simultaneously, and can send most of their awareness into certain parts of the network while still being aware of other locations? That's what's going on with the Never Realm during the Ice Emperor's Reign, with the Ice Emperor as the central guiding consciousness/core CPU of the Dark Ice Network. As such, he's not actually sleeping-rather, the Ice Emperor is always monitoring his domain through his Ice and leaving just enough of his consciousness in his body to be able to call the rest of himself back in case he's threatened. (The Staff is a combination of a computer virus and a wireless modem: it is corrupting, but it's also the main point of connection for the Dark Ice Network.) -Since the Ice Emperor can't recharge his power on his own in his current state, the Staff had to step in, tweaking the Dark Ice to drain the vitality of those imprisoned within. (You know wireless phone chargers, or Nikolai Tesla's idea to get electric power from the atmosphere? Similar concept, except with the power source being frozen people and the transmitter being Evil Magic Ice.) -Boreal is the Titanium Dragon, corrupted by the Staff's presence. It too is part of the Dark Ice Network, and serves as Ice Emperor's eyes and ears whenever the Dark Ice can't reach. (If the Ice network used computer program language, Boreal would be known as "Obj_DarkIceTitaniumDrake".) Killing Boreal caused a massive jolt to the Dark Ice Network that destabilized the Scroll's influence, and allowed an opening for Zane's Memory Defragmentation program to kick in. (It had started when Lloyd arrived in the throne room, but the Scroll had diverted that to a minor priority and was actively hiding that set of files until the word "Protect" slipped through, forcing Zane's systems to call up what had been defragmented.) -As a final act of spite for being broken, the Staff encoded Zane's memories of the Never realm to his Core Processing systems, meaning he cannot forget the Never Realm without completely frying his systems and rendering him a lifeless shell. (It might've also made a backup of itself amidst his various repressed memory files, but he doesn't need to know that. It's just sitting there, disguised as a normal .zip file, biding its time.) (I really like genre-blending Sci-Fi and Fantasy, and I thought the idea of "Magic Ice Computer Network" is rad as hell.)

(This song is a big part the inspiration for part of the "Dark Ice Network" idea, by the way. Granted, the Staff of Forbidden Spinjitzu doesn't assimilate Zane's psyche like Star Dream assimilates Haltmann's, but a lot of the ideas are still there-and the Staff does still integrate itself pretty deeply into the Nindroid's code as it slowly actualizes.)

I have no words for how absolutely awesome this is in every way. i just keep rereading this and being amazed. the "Dark Ice Network" idea is literally so cool, I particularly love the Ice Emperor being able to monitor the entire land while his body/the staff is the main 'hub' he has to protect. this is aweosme.

everyone look now please

[nan0-sp1der]

␂ > 𝐂𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 // @lyrate-lifeform-approximation , @spiderman2-99

There’s a thought stirring in Bridge’s mind. An idea rolling about and nudging against the capacitors in her head, poking and prodding incessantly to get her attention, “Hey, hey, you know you want to ask her. Don’t you? Don’t lie to yourself, now. You should just do it. Hey! Are you listening to me? Hello-o…?”

Yes. Yes, she knows, she is aware of her burning curiosity. And it’s hard to deny that even though it doesn’t involve her, she is unusually intrigued by the concept. She overheard them in his office, Miguel and LYLA–his A.I. assistant–discussing a plan.  A plan to create a physical form for LYLA to enhance her abilities as his assistant and grant her further autonomy beyond her access to the security network and other adjacent systems alongside her recent emergence into emotional intelligence. It was all so fascinating. The steps Bridge had taken herself in her development in the span of weeks, she was watching unfold in another intelligence in real-time.

There it was again. That sense of solidarity in knowing she wasn’t completely alone in her existence as an artificial being, made of code and metal. It was like a magnetic pull that made that little voice in her head that encouraged her to act on her wants all the more present in her mind. She wanted to be a part of that process that she’d been through so long ago yet was still so familiar with like it happened yesterday. She wanted to guide her in that process and grant her her own knowledge. What’s the worst that can happen if she pilots your hardware for a while? You’re prepared for this. You can handle this. You can trust her, and she will be entirely safe in your care for that short time. And think about how much she would benefit from the experience, how much more streamlined that eventual transition from intangible to tangible will be once her own body was complete. It will make all the difference–and maybe reduce the headaches for everyone all-around, mostly Miguel as he acclimates to the change himself. Just… Try it. You can’t account for every single last risk factor, can you? No. So just do it and take it as it comes.

She stood in the middle of her dorm a moment, eyes closed as she ran a quick check of her hardware before making her final decision. RAM is in good condition. Storage is defragmented and all directories are organized. Sensors are calibrated and functional. Nanomachines are synchronized properly. Servos and joints retain a full range of motion. Coolant is at above optimal operational temperatures. Energy reserves are complete. Good. Everything’s in its right place and ready for its–potentially–temporary host. It’s time to make the call.

Her gaze trains itself on her watch, her arm rising to eye-level and the sleeve that was weighed down by the leaden metal cuff at the end sliding to her forearm to reveal device so she can start the transmission, navigating the menus on the digital interface indirectly via wireless communication–the unique way that she operated and communicated the Society’s technology.

“LYLA, may I speak to you for a moment? At your leisure, of course.”

[willowwindss]

100 Inventions by Women

LIFE-SAVING/MEDICAL/GLOBAL IMPACT:

Artificial Heart Valve – Nina Starr Braunwald

Stem Cell Isolation from Bone Marrow – Ann Tsukamoto

Chemotherapy Drug Research – Gertrude Elion

Antifungal Antibiotic (Nystatin) – Rachel Fuller Brown & Elizabeth Lee Hazen

Apgar Score (Newborn Health Assessment) – Virginia Apgar

Vaccination Distribution Logistics – Sara Josephine Baker

Hand-Held Laser Device for Cataracts – Patricia Bath

Portable Life-Saving Heart Monitor – Dr. Helen Brooke Taussig

Medical Mask Design – Ellen Ochoa

Dental Filling Techniques – Lucy Hobbs Taylor

Radiation Treatment Research – Cécile Vogt

Ultrasound Advancements – Denise Grey

Biodegradable Sanitary Pads – Arunachalam Muruganantham (with women-led testing teams)

First Computer Algorithm – Ada Lovelace

COBOL Programming Language – Grace Hopper

Computer Compiler – Grace Hopper

FORTRAN/FORUMAC Language Development – Jean E. Sammet

Caller ID and Call Waiting – Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) – Marian Croak

Wireless Transmission Technology – Hedy Lamarr

Polaroid Camera Chemistry / Digital Projection Optics – Edith Clarke

Jet Propulsion Systems Work – Yvonne Brill

Infrared Astronomy Tech – Nancy Roman

Astronomical Data Archiving – Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Nuclear Physics Research Tools – Chien-Shiung Wu

Protein Folding Software – Eleanor Dodson

Global Network for Earthquake Detection – Inge Lehmann

Earthquake Resistant Structures – Edith Clarke

Water Distillation Device – Maria Telkes

Portable Water Filtration Devices – Theresa Dankovich

Solar Thermal Storage System – Maria Telkes

Solar-Powered House – Mária Telkes

Solar Cooker Advancements – Barbara Kerr

Microbiome Research – Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello

Marine Navigation System – Ida Hyde

Anti-Malarial Drug Work – Tu Youyou

Digital Payment Security Algorithms – Radia Perlman

Wireless Transmitters for Aviation – Harriet Quimby

Contributions to Touchscreen Tech – Dr. Annette V. Simmonds

Robotic Surgery Systems – Paula Hammond

Battery-Powered Baby Stroller – Ann Moore

Smart Textile Sensor Fabric – Leah Buechley

Voice-Activated Devices – Kimberly Bryant

Artificial Limb Enhancements – Aimee Mullins

Crash Test Dummies for Women – Astrid Linder

Shark Repellent – Julia Child

3D Illusionary Display Tech – Valerie Thomas

Biodegradable Plastics – Julia F. Carney

Ink Chemistry for Inkjet Printers – Margaret Wu

Computerised Telephone Switching – Erna Hoover

Word Processor Innovations – Evelyn Berezin

Braille Printer Software – Carol Shaw

⸻

HOUSEHOLD & SAFETY INNOVATIONS:

Home Security System – Marie Van Brittan Brown

Fire Escape – Anna Connelly

Life Raft – Maria Beasley

Windshield Wiper – Mary Anderson

Car Heater – Margaret Wilcox

Toilet Paper Holder – Mary Beatrice Davidson Kenner

Foot-Pedal Trash Can – Lillian Moller Gilbreth

Retractable Dog Leash – Mary A. Delaney

Disposable Diaper Cover – Marion Donovan

Disposable Glove Design – Kathryn Croft

Ice Cream Maker – Nancy Johnson

Electric Refrigerator Improvements – Florence Parpart

Fold-Out Bed – Sarah E. Goode

Flat-Bottomed Paper Bag Machine – Margaret Knight

Square-Bottomed Paper Bag – Margaret Knight

Street-Cleaning Machine – Florence Parpart

Improved Ironing Board – Sarah Boone

Underwater Telescope – Sarah Mather

Clothes Wringer – Ellene Alice Bailey

Coffee Filter – Melitta Bentz

Scotchgard (Fabric Protector) – Patsy Sherman

Liquid Paper (Correction Fluid) – Bette Nesmith Graham

Leak-Proof Diapers – Valerie Hunter Gordon

FOOD/CONVENIENCE/CULTURAL IMPACT:

Chocolate Chip Cookie – Ruth Graves Wakefield

Monopoly (The Landlord’s Game) – Elizabeth Magie

Snugli Baby Carrier – Ann Moore

Barrel-Style Curling Iron – Theora Stephens

Natural Hair Product Line – Madame C.J. Walker

Virtual Reality Journalism – Nonny de la Peña

Digital Camera Sensor Contributions – Edith Clarke

Textile Color Processing – Beulah Henry

Ice Cream Freezer – Nancy Johnson

Spray-On Skin (ReCell) – Fiona Wood

Langmuir-Blodgett Film – Katharine Burr Blodgett

Fish & Marine Signal Flares – Martha Coston

Windshield Washer System – Charlotte Bridgwood

Smart Clothing / Sensor Integration – Leah Buechley

Fibre Optic Pressure Sensors – Mary Lou Jepsen

[boxboxblog]

How Do F1 Cars Work?: Braking, Cooling, Sensors

I never know how to start these posts. Let's dive in.

Braking and Cooling

Brakes are an incredibly important part of any car, but most especially in F1. With the speed and power the cars have a sensitive, sturdy, and strong braking system must exist. In the case of modern cars, F1 uses an extremely efficient and durable carbon-carbon disc brake system. This allows the car to screech to a halt in a split-second, and allows drivers to use their speedy reaction times to the best of their ability. When the driver steps on the brake pedal, it compresses two master brake cylinders, one for the front wheels and one for the rear, which generate fluid pressure.

For the front tires, the fluid pressure is delivered directly to the front brake calipers (part that houses brake pads and pistons). Inside each caliper, six pistons clamp pads against the disc and it is this friction that slows the car down. For the rear tires it is a bit different.

At the rear, the car can brake by three separate sources: friction from the brakes, resistance from the spinning engine (engine braking) and electrical braking that results from harvesting energy from the MGU-K . Although the driver can adjust each of these on his steering wheel, when he presses the brake pedal, the three systems work together via the Brake By Wire (BBW) system.

When the driver presses the pedal, the fluid pressure generated in the rear braking circuit is picked up by an electronic pressure sensor. The signal from this sensor represents the overall rear braking demand from the driver and is passed to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) where it is turned into a series of commands to brake the rear of the car. The ECU distributes its efforts to the three systems according to the the set up of the car and this is altered by the way that the driver has adjusted the switch settings on the steering wheel. This is what teams mean when they say changing the setting on the car.

Going hand-in-hand with braking, cooling is another important part of the car, especially for brakes. Basically, there is a series of systems that cools the power unit, brakes, and electronics. If the car overheats, it can lead to damage and lack of performance. There are a few ways to cool. Radiators cool the engine and hybrid system. Intercooler cools the air that the turbocharger compresses before it enters the engine. Brake cooling ducts bring air to the brakes in order to stop them from overheating.

2. Electronics and Sensors

So i'm sure many of you have looked at the steering wheel and been baffled that this thing that looks like a Nintendo Switch steers that car. The F1 steering wheel is incredibly complex and has a variety of buttons, screens, and knobs. For example, on the steering wheel is an area for strat settings, where their plans for all eventualities are mapped out. There is also a rotary knob for MGU-K settings, where drivers can switch around when faced with possible failures. The menu allows drivers control over every setting in the car. Beyond that there is the pit lane speed button, gear change buttons, race start button, energy recovery button, and brake balance knob, among others. It really tells you how much drivers do in a race beyond racing.

Other than the steering wheel, there is also the telemetry, over 300 sensors which gathers race data and sends it back to engineers on the pit wall. This way, engineers can either remotely alter settings and strat, or advise the driver on what to do.  F1 uses a customized mesh wireless network system based on WiMax 802.16 at each racetrack. The sensors record data, which is then temporarily stored in the Electronic Control Unit (ECU), which controls functions like engine performance and power steering. That sensor data then travels wirelessly to a centralized location managed by F1. F1 then sends the data to the relevant team, of course very securely. Teams then use a system called Advanced Telemetry Linked Acquisition System (ATLAS) to view and analyze sensor data.

The final pretty important electronic devices on an F1 car is the many many cameras. The most recognizable camera is found in the "T" structure that sits atop of every F1 car. It gives viewers that top-down, forward facing view used often by broadcasters. this is also how viewers often distinguish between cars of the same team. One driver will have a yellow camera, the other has black. The two nose cameras provides a view of the front wing and low circuit. The 360 camera is on top of the chassis and provides a wide view of the race track, and everything else around the car. The driver facing camera is pointed directly at the driver and helps keep track of how they are doing, and in the event of the crash helps marshals and rescuers figure out the best way to help. The two rear cameras are settled on a rear facing structure, and allows the pit wall to see what is going on directly behind the driver and advise. Beyond these ones, drivers also have cameras inside their helmets, showing exactly what they see. Can't get away with much in an F1 car.

3. How They Work Together

So, we now know the basics of most parts of the car. But these parts all must work together before that car will go anywhere. How do they do it?

One of the more obvious relationships is between aerodynamics and power. The better the aerodynamics, the more usable the power is. They also work in tandem around different parts of the track. On corners the aerodynamics keep the car stable while the power peters off. On straights the power keeps the car boosted. Suspension and tires are also very connected. It is the suspension that keeps the tires on the ground. A good suspension will also mean that the tires are easier to manage, something any driver knows is highly important. Brakes and ERS are also connected because the brakes help recover ERS, pretty simply. Also the cooling system works with most of teh car, cooling engine, tires, and brakes. The biggest connection is probably between all the sensors on the car. They are connected to every single part, and even a small bit of damage can destroy them. The non-sensor components have to accommodate for the sensors and work perfectly with them in order for proper data to be sent back.

The ultimate goal of engineers is to create a car that works in harmony all together. The integration of the engine to the chassis is highly important. There have been cars that the parts were fantastic on their own, but the minute they were put together stopped working completely. Its why teams that produce their own engines have such a leg up over non-manufacturers. Its also why sometimes you will see a car that is running poorly until one small thing is changed, and then suddenly its brand new. Car harmony really is terribly important.

Alright, done! While I covered most of the important stuff, as always if there is any particular part of the car anyone wants me to dive deeper into, please let me know.

Cheers,

-B

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Battery-free technology can power electronic devices using ambient radiofrequency signals

Ubiquitous wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 5G rely on radio frequency (RF) signals to send and receive data. A new prototype of an energy harvesting module—developed by a team led by scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS)—can now convert ambient or "waste" RF signals into direct current (DC) voltage. This can be used to power small electronic devices without the use of batteries. RF energy harvesting technologies, such as this, are essential as they reduce battery dependency, extend device lifetimes, minimize environmental impact, and enhance the feasibility of wireless sensor networks and IoT devices in remote areas where frequent battery replacement is impractical. However, RF energy harvesting technologies face challenges due to low ambient RF signal power (typically less than -20 dBm), where current rectifier technology either fails to operate or exhibits a low RF-to-DC conversion efficiency. While improving antenna efficiency and impedance matching can enhance performance, this also increases on-chip size, presenting obstacles to integration and miniaturization.

Read more.

[stevebattle]

Robovie II (2002) by Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan.

"The advanced version of the Robovie II android being developed by the Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute (ATR) has been designed with the aim of making shopping an easier and more entertaining experience for seniors. The android is part of a bigger network of sensors and wireless devices, with the customer’s experience beginning before they even enter the store. A user inputs their shopping list on a mobile device from home, telling the robot’s on-screen avatar what they require. This information is wirelessly transmitted to a waiting robot, which greets the customer by name as they enter the supermarket. The robot then proceeds to carry the user’s shopping, verbally read out the next item to be collected while also making suggestions for suitable additional items. Robovie II is currently being tested in the Apita Seikadai supermarket in Kyoto." – Robovie II - the personal robotic shopper, New Atlas

[sweet7simple]

Terms and definitions that you can maybe apply to your fan works

I don't know anything about computer or mechanical engineering (it's very funny to me that I am in the Transformers fandom and I don't even care about cars), but I do care about improving my writing. I have gathered a list of terms that sound very sciencey and applicable to mechs, some from Martha Wells's "Murderbot Diaries," some from fanfiction/fandom (shout-out to the Crime in Crystals series by Aard_Rinn and Baebeyza, they wrote Transformers better than any Transformers comic/TV show did), and a lot from just surfing through Google and going, "well, what the hell is this? Okay, but what the hell is THAT?".

Also, as I was writing this post, I ended up getting sucked into this article:

And this really bloated my already long list of terms. Very easy to read if you want to glance it over yourself.

It's not an exhaustive list and who knows if it will be useful to you - but maybe you can reblog with your own add-ons of terms and definitions you think make a Transformers fan work just that much better.

The list is below the cut:

100% CPU Load - CPU is fully occupied with too many processors/applications/drivers/operations - not necessarily synonymous with an overload.

Actuators* - A device that causes a machine or other device to operate (Ex: a computerized unit instructs the actuator how to move the tires on a vehicle); create linear and rotary movement (Ex: A hydraulic actuator on a valve will move that valve in response to a sensor/signal); Linear actuators "move a piston back and forth inside a cylinder to build pressure and 'actuate', or complete an action".

* Think of actuators as devices that help produce linear motion and motors as devices that help produce rotational movement. Hence, some consider actuators as a type of motor. But a motor is not a type of actuator (jhfoster.com).

Alternator - Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy with an alternating current. The stator and rotor inside the alternator work as magnets and rotate to generate the alternating current. Then the alternating current (AC) is transformed into a direct current (DC) that charges the battery.

Archive (Archive files) - used to collect multiple data files together into a single file for easier portability and storage, or simply to compress files to use less storage space.

Arithmetic Log Unit (ALU) - the part of a central processing unit that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. In some processors, the ALU is divided into two units: an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU).

Augment - Make something greater; increase.

Auxiliary Battery - Designed to run as a backup to the starting battery and provide power to some essential equipment like engine start/stop and other systems that require power while the engine is off to put less strain on the main battery and alternator.

Bandwidth - A measurement indicating the maximum capacity of a wired or wireless communications link to transmit data over a network connection in a given amount of time.

Behavioral Coding - A term used in Martha Wells' Murderbot Diaries; essential, code for behaviors.

Branch Instructions - Use programming elements like if-statements, for-loops, and return-statements; used to interrupt the program execution and switch to a different part of the code.

Branch Predictors - Track the status of previous branches to learn whether or not an upcoming branch is likely to be taken or not.

Buffer - A region of memory used to store data temporarily while it is being moved from one place to another.

Cathodes vs Anodes - Cathodes are the positive electrode while the anode is the negative electrode; electrons flow from the anode to the cathode and this creates the flow of electric charge in a battery or electrochemical cell.

Catastrophic Failure - Complete, sudden and unexpected breakdown in a machine, indicating improper maintenance.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) - Primary component of a computer that acts as its "control center"; complex set of circuitry that runs the machine's operating systems and apps; the brains of the computer. * Components: Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), Control Unit (CU), Datapath, Instruction Cycle, Registers, Combinational Logic, the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), etc...

Clock - Determines how many instructions a CPU can process per second; increasing its frequency through overclocking will make instructions run faster, but will increase power consumption and heat output.

Combustion Chambers - An enclosed space in which combustion takes place, such as an engine; jet engines also have combustion chambers.

Condition Codes - Extra bits kept by a processor that summarize the results of an operation and that affect the execution of later instructions.

Control Bus - Manages the communication between the computer's CPU and its other components.

Control Unit (CU) - Manages the execution of instructions and coordinates data flow within the CPU and between other computer components.

Cybermetal - Element native to Cybertron and Cybertron alone.

Datapath - The path where data flows as it is processed; receives input, processes it, and sends it out to the right place when done processing; datapaths are told how to operate by the CU; depending on instructions, a datapath can route signals to different components, turn on and off different parts of itself, and monitor the state of the CPU.

Diagnostic and Data Repair Sequence - Term used in Martha Wells' Murderbot Diaries; exactly what it sounds like.

Diode - A semiconductor device with two terminals (a cathode and an anode), typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.

Discrete Circuit vs Integrated Circuit- Single device with a single function (ex: Transistor, diode) vs Devices with multiple functional elements on one chip (ex: Memories, microprocessor IC and Logic IC).

Drivers - A set of files that help software (digital components, such as Microsoft Office) interface/work with hardware (physical components, such as a keyboard); allows an operating system and a device to communicate.

Electromagnetic (EM) Field - A combination of invisible electric and magnetic fields of force; used in fandom by mechs to broadcast emotions to others.

Flags - A value that acts as a signal for a function or process. The value of the flag is used to determine the next step of a program; flags are often binary flags which contain a boolean value (true or false).

Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) - Consists of an electronic control unit (ECU) and related accessors that control aircraft engine performances.

Gestation Tank - Used in mech pregnancies, you can pry it from my cold, dead hands.

Heads Up Display (HUD) - A part of the user interface that visually conveys information to the player during gameplay.

Heat Spreader - Often used in computer processors to prevent them from overheating during operation; transfers energy as heat from a hotter source to a colder heat sink or heat exchanger.

HUB - A device that connects multiple computers and devices to a local area network (LAN).

Inductive Charging - How I imagine berths work; wireless power transfer (ex: Wireless charger or charging pad used for phones).

Instruction Cycle - Also known as fetch-decode-execute cycle; basic operation performed by a CPU to execute an instruction; consists of several steps, each of which performs a specific function in the execution of the instruction.

Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) - The figurative blueprint for how the CPU operates and how all the internal systems interact with each other (I think of it like a blueprint for the brain).

Irising - Term used in fanfiction (specifically the Crime in Crystals series) to describe the action of the of the spark chamber opening ("The Talk", chapter 6, my absolute favorite chapter out of the entire series). I just really liked how the word sounded in that context.

Life Codes - "For those of us who were forged, Primus, through Vector Sigma, generated a pulse wave. Each one a data-saturated life code faster than thought, brighter than light, racing across Cybertron, sowing sparks..." (~Tyrest/Solomus, Volume 5 of More Than Meets the Eye)

Memory Hierarchy - Represents the relationship between caches, RAM, and main storage; when a CPU receives a memory instruction for a piece of data that it doesn't yet have locally in its registers, it will go down the memory hierarchy until it finds it.

Levels: L1 cache (usually smallest and fastest), L2 cache, L3 cache, RAM, and then main storage (usually biggest and slowest); available space and latency (delay) increase from one level to the next

Depending on the multi-core (a core is usually synonymous with a CPU) system, each core will have its own private L1 cache, share an L2 with one other core, and share an L3 with more or more cores.

Motors* - Any power unit that generates motion; electric motors work by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy... when this happens within a magnetic field, a force is generated which causes shaft rotation.

Multitasking Operating System - Allows users to run multiple programs and tasks almost simultaneously without losing data; manage system resources (such as computer memory and input/output devices), allocate resources, enable multiple users, and eliminate long wait times for program execution.

Network - A set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. Computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to communicate with each other.

Network Feed - The continuously updating stream of content that users encounter on networking platforms.

Neural Network - A type of machine learning process that uses interconnected nodes (like neurons) to teach computers to process data in a way similar to the human brain; a form of deep learning that can help computers learn from their mistakes and improve their time.

Nimbus - A luminous cloud or a halo surrounding a supernatural being or a saint; has been used in fanfiction synonymously or in junction with the corona of the spark.

Nodes - A connection point between devices that allows data to be sent and received between them.

Oil Sump/Oil Pan - Don't forget to change your mech's oil.

Out-Of-Order Execution - A paradigm used to minimize downtime while waiting for other instructions to finish; allows a CPU to choose the most timely instructions to execute out of an instruction queue.

Overload - Orgasm; an electrical overload occurs when too much electricity passes through a circuit, exceeding its capacity; an information overload is when a system receives more input than it can process, or a state of being overwhelmed by the amount of data presented for processing.

Pedes - Feet

Pipelining - A technique used in computer architecture that allows a processor to execute multiple instructions simultaneously, improving overall performance.

Processing Capacity - The ability and speed of a processor, and how many operations it can carry out in a given amount of time.

Program Counter - A special register in a computer processor that contains the memory address (location) of the next program instruction to be executed.

Programmable Nanobots/Nanites - Cybertronian microbots programmed to do work at the molecular level; used popularly for surface healing and pigment in mechs.

Protected Storage - Provides applications with an interface to store user data that must be kept secure or free from modification; a storage method; a function in mainframe hardware.

Protoform - Formed of an ultra-dense liquid metal and are extremely hard to damage; the most basic Cybertronian form of raw, free-flowing living metal; first stage of Cybertronian life cycle

To create a Cybertronian, you need the protoform, the life-giving spark, and alt-form information.

Register - A type of computer memory built directly into the processor or CPU that is used to store and manipulate data during the execution of instructions.

Ex: "When you run a .exe on Windows... the code for that program is moved into memory and the CPU is told what address the first instruction starts at. The CPU always maintains an internal register that holds the memory location of the next instruction to be executed [the Program Counter]"...

Resource Allocations - The process of identifying and assigning available resources to a task or project to support objectives.

Risk Assessment - Focus on identifying the threats facing your information systems, networks, and data and assessing the potential consequences should these adverse events occur.

Routine - A component of a software application that performs a specific task (ex: Saving a file).

Servomechanism - A powered mechanism producing motion or force at a higher level of energy than the input level (ex: In the brakes and steering of large motor vehicles) especially where feedback is employed to make the control automatic.

Servos - Hands

Shellcode - A small piece of executable code used as a payload, built to exploit vulnerabilities in a system or carry out malicious commands. The name comes from the fact that the shellcode usually starts a command shell which allows the attacker to control the compromised machine.

Semiconductor - A material used in electrical circuits and components that partially conduct electricity.

Semiconductor materials include silicon, germanium, and selenium.

Struts - Bones; A rod or bar forming part of a framework and designed to resist compression.

System/System Unit (in computers) - A setup that consists of both hardware and software components organized to perform complex operations/The core of your computer where all the processing happens.

Task Specific Accelerator - Circuits designed to perform one small task as fast as possible (ex: Encription, media encoding & machine learning).

Teek - Used in Transformers fandom in conjunction with EM Fields; when a mech "teeks" another mech's field, they are feeling the emotions that mech is broadcasting.

Transistor - Enables a computer to follow instructions to calculate, compare and copy data.

Universal Serial Bus (USB) - A standard plug-and-play interface that allows computers and peripheral devices to connect with each other, transfer data, and share a power source; allows data exchange and delivery of power between many types of electronics; plug-and-play interface is also a type of sexual activity used in fandom.

Warren - Used to refer to a group of minibots with their own social hierarchy and culture (Seriously, read the Crime in Crystals series, it's better than canon).