13. The Death of David’s Son [2 Samuel 12:14-31]
Introduction
There is something especially tragic about the death of a child.
My wife & I, like many other parents, have experienced the
shock of waking up to find our child dead in his crib.
The malady is now known as SIDS, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
One moment the child is healthy & happy;
the next, the child is gone.
It is indeed a shock.
For us, there was an unexplainable peace in the midst of our sorrow.
Several years later, the subject of where babies go when they
die came up in a theology class at seminary.
I remember the academic discussion, the BIBLE verses quoted,
& the conclusions reached.
Finally, I raised my hand & shared something like this:
The subject we are discussing here is one that is no
academic matter for my wife & me.
We lost a child as an infant.
We know what losing a child is like.
We also know the biblical texts which have been quoted,
& we are familiar with the different views as to where
babies go when they die.
But when my wife & I lost our child, we had a peace & a
confidence that went beyond what we have been talking
about here.
We knew that the GOD to whom we had entrusted our souls
was a good & perfect GOD, who would do what was right
with our child.
It was not the arguments discussed today which gave us
peace, but GOD HIMSELF, & in that peace we rest.
Our text for this lesson is one that is most often used to
comfort parents who have lost little ones.
I would have to say that my own views on this subject are
undoubtedly shaped by our experience in losing a child.
I must therefore warn you that I do not speak with great
objectivity here, but from the perspective of one who has
experienced the loss of a child.
I know that the conclusions I have reached concerning the
fate of children who die are not held by all in our Church,
perhaps not even by all of the Elders of our Church.
As one who has lost a child in infancy, I am satisfied with
the conclusions I have reached here.
I must point out that my conclusions are the result of
inferences & logical processes.
They are not always grounded on
clear propositional statements.
As such, they should be held less dogmatically than views
that have clear, straightforward, repetitive biblical support.
As such, they can & will be rejected by those who have
reached different conclusions, also based upon logic &
inference.
In the final analysis, we all must say that our conclusions
here are less dogmatic than other truths that are much more
clearly stated in SCRIPTURE.
In the end, we must cast ourselves upon the GOD to whom
we have entrusted our souls & our eternal destiny.
As Abraham said so long ago,
“Shall not the judge of all the earth deal justly?”
[Genesis 18:25].
Having said this, we can see from our text that David had a
remarkable peace about the death of his first child by
Bathsheba, a peace which caused those who witnessed it
to marvel, & to question David about it.
As we approach this text, let us listen to David's answer to
the question posed by his servants.
Let us seek to learn from David's lips the reason he could
praise & worship GOD at the time of the loss of this child.
Review & Overview
After becoming King of Israel, things were going very well
for David, perhaps too well.
He seemed to have the Midas touch — everything
he touched turned to gold.
GOD had given him success in all he undertook.
Like Israel of old, David appears to momentarily forget that
his success was the result of GOD's grace, & not a
tribute to his efforts alone.
The first glimpse of this overconfidence comes in 2 Samuel 7,
where David expresses his desire to build a house for GOD.
In response, GOD reminds David his successes
are the manifestations of HIS grace [7:8-9].
He goes on to assure David that there are good things yet
in store for Israel, & that these too will be HIS doing [7:10-11].
Having gently rebuked David for supposing that HE really
needed a “house,” GOD promised to build David a better
“house,” one that is an eternal dynasty:
‘“The LORD also declares to you that
the LORD will make a house for you.
12 “When your days are complete &
you lie down with your fathers, I will
raise up your descendant after you,
who will come forth from you, & I will
establish his kingdom.
13 “He shall build a house for MY name,
& I will establish the throne of his
kingdom forever.
14 “I will be a FATHER to him & he will
be a son to ME; when he commits iniquity,
I will correct him with the rod of men &
the strokes of the sons of men,
15 but MY lovingkindness shall not depart
from him, as I took it away from Saul,
whom I removed from before you.
16 “Your house & your kingdom shall endure
before ME forever; your throne shall be
established forever [2 Samuel 7:11b-16].’”
But in the chapters which follow, David's arrogance seems
to increase. It is most evident in 2 Samuel 11.
Israel is at war with the Ammonites, & in the Spring
[the time that kings go to war], David sends his army to
besiege Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites, where
the last of the Ammonite opposition has sought refuge.
David does not go to battle with his soldiers, but stays at
home in Jerusalem, indulging himself in the good life
while his soldiers camp in an open field.
David gets up from his bed about the time his soldiers
[and others] usually go to bed.
As he is strolling on the roof of his palace, David happens
to see something that was not meant to be seen —
a young woman cleansing herself, most likely a
ceremonial cleansing ceremony done in keeping with
the law.
The woman is beautiful, & David decides that he wants her.
He sends messengers to find out who she is.
Their answer — that she was Bathsheba, wife of Uriah
the Hittite — should have ended the matter, but David
had no intention of being deprived of anything he wanted.
He sent for the woman & lay with her.
For David, it was all over after that one night of self-indulgence.
He did not want another wife; he did not even appear to
want an affair, just a night of pleasure.
But GOD had other plans.
Bathsheba conceived & eventually sent word to David that
she was pregnant. When David's efforts to deceive Uriah
[and the people] into thinking Uriah had fathered this child,
he had Uriah killed in battle with the help of Joab.
After she had mourned for her husband, David brought
Bathsheba into his home, taking her as his wife.
Now at last, David hoped, it was over.
This thing which David had done displeased GOD, however,
& GOD would give David no rest or peace until he had
come to see his sin for what it was & repented of it.
After some period of distress [see Psalm 32:3-4],
GOD sent Nathan to David with a story, a story
which deeply upset David.
David was furious.
He insisted that the rich man who stole the poor man's pet
lamb deserved to die! Nathan then stopped David in his
tracks with the words, “You are the man!” [2 Samuel 12:7].
As David heard Nathan's recital of his sin, he broke,
declaring to Nathan,
“I have sinned against the LORD” [2 Samuel 12:13].
Nathan's response to David's confession was both comforting
& disturbing. Although he deserved to die for his sins,
David would not die because GOD had taken away his sin
[12:13].
What a relief these words must have been.
But what followed would pierce David through:
the son his sin had produced would die.
It is David's response to the death of this son that will be the
focus of our lesson.
Observations
Before we turn to the story itself, I'd like to make a few
observations which may influence our understanding
of this text.
This is the first of a number of painful events David will
experience as a result of his sin regarding Uriah & Bathsheba.
In our text, David will suffer the loss of the child conceived
through the sinful union of David & Uriah's wife, Bathsheba.
Next, David's daughter will be raped by one of his sons.
In retaliation for Amnon's sin, Absalom murders him.
Later, David's son, Absalom, will rebel against his father &
temporarily take over the throne.
In the process, he will sleep with some of David's concubines,
before all Israel, & on the roof of the palace from which David
first looked upon Bathsheba.
All of these things are directly or indirectly the consequences
of David’s sin with Bathsheba.
The tragic death of David’s son is a consequence of David's sin,
but it is not the penalty David deserves for his sin.
The penalty for adultery & murder is death, on each count.
David deserves to die, on two counts: adultery & murder.
But Nathan has made it very clear that David's sin has been
“taken away.” The death of this child is a painful
consequence of David's sin, but it is not punishment for
his sin, per se.
That punishment has been taken away,
borne by the LORD JESUS CHRIST.
The fast which David observes is a very serious one.
In the Hebrew OT, there is a unique way of emphasizing a point.
The Hebrew language of the OT repeats the word for emphasis.
Thus, when GOD told Adam that he would “surely die”
[Genesis 2:17] HE said something like this:
“You shall die a death.”
Thus, Young's Literal Translation reads,
“And of the tree of knowledge of good & evil,
You dost not eat of it, for in the day of
Yours eating of it—dying you dost die.”
In our text, GOD uses this doubling method to emphasize the
certainty of the child's death:
“However, because by this deed you have given occasion
to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child
also that is born to you shall surely die” [2 Samuel 12:14].
The same doubling is found in v.16:
David therefore inquired of GOD for the child; &
David fasted & went & lay all night on the ground.
Only in the marginal notes of the KJV do we see the literal
rendering, “fasted a fast.” The point is that David's fasting
was not entered into casually.
He was dead serious about this fast,
for it was a matter of life & death.
Once again, Bathsheba is not prominent in this text, but David.
The sin of adultery was David's doing, while
[in my way of reading this story] Bathsheba was a victim.
So it is only fitting that it is David who is prominent in this text
which depicts his fasting & prayer, pleading with GOD for
the child's life.
The author changes the way he refers to Bathsheba in our text.
In v.15 he speaks of Bathsheba, the mother of the child who
died, as “Uriah's widow.”
In v.24, there is a very significant change.
Here, the author refers to this same woman, the mother of
David's second child Solomon, as “his wife Bathsheba.”
Not only has GOD come to accept this second child,
HE has come to accept Bathsheba as David's wife.
The final events of chapter 12 give us a definite sense of closure.
David's sin is to be understood as the exception, rather than
the rule in his life:
Because David did what was right in the sight of the LORD,
& had not turned aside from anything that HE commanded
him all the days of his life, except in the case of Uriah the
Hittite [1 Kings 15:5].
Chapters 11 & 12 of 2 Samuel are almost parenthetical, then,
as they depict this exceptional period in David's life.
This was a time when he was not a “man after GOD's heart.”
And so we find chapter 11 beginning with a description of Israel
going to battle, while David stays at home [11:1].
We find verses 26-31 of chapter 12 reporting how David
showed up for the war, & when it was won, all Israel returned
home to Jerusalem.
There is a sense of closure, of finality, here, which I think the
author intended us to feel.
In addition, we find that our text records the death of Bathsheba's
first son, followed rather quickly by the account of the birth of the
second, Solomon, who was to rule on the throne of David.
Our Approach
There are several ways to approach this passage.
We could dissect the passage, giving attention to the nuance
of each word & of each phrase.
I am choosing not to do this, having already noted the details
I think are important.
Rather I will approach the passage somewhat like
Michael Landon, the late television actor & director,
would have done.
We have probably all watched [at least the older ones
among us] some of the works which Michael had a
hand in directing.
He had a way a catching the emotion of the moment & then
portraying it dramatically.
I can still remember one television show in which he learned,
much to his surprise, that a woman was blind.
When he brought his audience to that moment when the truth
of her condition struck him, even I had to mop my eyes.
Our text has some very emotional moments, which I believe
Michael Landon would have appreciated & emphasized.
I will therefore attempt to capture the emotions of David &
those near him as he dealt with the death of his son, the
product of his sin.
Nathan's Announcement [12:13-15a]
13 Then David said to Nathan,
“I have sinned against the LORD.”
And Nathan said to David,
“The LORD also has taken away your sin; you shall not die.
14 “However, because by this deed you have given
occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme,
the child also that is born to you shall surely die.”
15 So Nathan went to his house.
David had condemned himself with his own words in response
to Nathan's story of the stolen pet lamb:
“As the LORD lives, surely the man who has done
this deserves to die” [12:5].
The law certainly did not pronounce such a penalty on a thief,
but it did condemn adulterers & murderers.
According to the Law, David should have died for his sins.
Based upon divine grace through the coming death of CHRIST,
David was forgiven for his sins & assured that he would not die.
These words from Nathan must have been a huge relief to David,
who knew he did not deserve anything but GOD's wrath.
His sense of relief was short-lived, however, because Nathan
was not finished with what he had to say:
“However, because by this deed you have given occasion
to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child
also that is born to you shall surely die” [verse 14].
Nathan assured David that the punishment he deserved has been
taken away [we know this means it has been transferred to CHRIST].
But GOD cannot allow HIS name to be blasphemed
by allowing it to appear that HE does not care about sin.
From the very beginning the BIBLE teaches us that the wages of
sin is death [see Genesis 2:17; 4:8, 23; 5:1ff.; Romans 6:23].
For GOD to allow David's sins to have no painful consequences
would enable the wicked to conclude that GOD does not really
hate sin, nor does HE do anything about it when we do sin.
The Law of Moses was given to set Israel apart from the nations.
It was given so that Israel could reflect GOD's character to the
world. When David sinned, he violated GOD's law, & he also
dishonored GOD.
This hypocrisy was observed by the nations, & it resulted in
their dishonoring GOD. Paul would make this same charge
against the Jews centuries later:
21 You, therefore, who teach another, do you not teach
yourself? You who preach that one shall not steal,
do you steal?
22 You who say that one should not commit adultery,
do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you
rob temples?
23 You who boast in the Law, through your breaking the
Law, do you dishonor GOD?
24 For “THE NAME OF GOD IS BLASPHEMED AMONG
THE GENTILES BECAUSE OF YOU,” just as it is written
[Romans 2:21-24].
Elsewhere, the apostle Paul instructs Timothy that elders—
those Church leaders whose lives are publicly under scrutiny
—who persist in their sin are to be corrected publicly, so
that all will learn [1 Timothy 5:19-20].
GOD is very concerned about HIS reputation.
HE works in such a way as to instruct not only men who look
on, but also angels who do likewise.
[see Exodus 32:9-14; 34:10; Ephesians 3:8-10].
GOD could not look the other way when David sinned, for his
disobedience to GOD's commands was a matter of public knowledge.
As his victories & triumphs were known among the Gentiles, so
his sins would be widely known as well.
By taking the life of this child, conceived in sin,
GOD makes a statement to those looking on.
If GOD does not deal with the sin of HIS saints, they might
reason, then HE will not be concerned with mine, either.
Thus, they will mock GOD with the confidence that they can get
away with their sin.
Years ago I taught sixth grade.
It did not happen very often, but occasionally a child would
blatantly disobey one of the rules, & it was necessary to take
him outside & introduce him to the paddle.
My class [and all those within hearing range] knew what to
expect when I stepped outside with a student. [51]
But when a child was sent to the principal's office, it was
frequently a different matter.
The principle would give a little lecture, & the student would
come back with a big smile on his face.
The willful student & everyone else knew he had gotten away
with his unacceptable conduct.
GOD could not allow David to come through this
monumental sin without doing something
about it, something visible to all.
This was for David's discipline, & to silence those who would use
David's sin as an occasion to blaspheme the name of GOD;
it was to proclaim & promote the glory of GOD.
David's Response to His Son's Sickness & Death [12:15b-23]
Then the LORD struck the child that Uriah's widow bore to David,
so that he was very sick. 16 David therefore inquired of GOD for
the child; & David fasted & went & lay all night on the ground.
17 The elders of his household stood beside him in order to raise
him up from the ground, but he was unwilling & would not eat
food with them.
18 Then it happened on the seventh day that the child died.
And the servants of David were afraid to tell him that the child
was dead, for they said, “Behold, while the child was still alive,
we spoke to him & he did not listen to our voice.
How then can we tell him that the child is dead, since he might
do himself harm!”
19 But when David saw that his servants were whispering together,
David perceived that the child was dead; so David said to his
servants, “Is the child dead?”
And they said, “He is dead.”
20 So David arose from the ground, washed, anointed himself,
& changed his clothes; & he came into the house of the LORD &
worshiped.
Then he came to his own house, & when he requested, they set
food before him & he ate.
21 Then his servants said to him,
“What is this thing that you have done? While the child was alive,
you fasted & wept; but when the child died, you arose & ate food.”
22 He said, “While the child was still alive, I fasted & wept; for I
said, 'Who knows, the LORD may be gracious to me, that the child
may live.' 23 “But now he has died; why should I fast?
Can I bring him back again? I will go to him,
but he will not return to me.”
After Nathan left David, GOD struck the child born to David &
“Uriah's widow.” We do not know what the malady was, but we
do know that after seven days the child died. [52]
David had mourned when Saul & Jonathan died in battle
[2 Samuel 1], when Abner was killed by Joab [2 Samuel 3], &
even when Nahash the Ammonite king died [2 Samuel 10].
His mourning here, however, is not a mourning over the death
of his son [for he has not yet died], but is instead the mourning
of repentance.
David mourns as a sign of his repentance
as he beseeches GOD to spare the life of his son.
Is it right for David to beseech GOD to spare the life of this child
when HE has already said that HE is going to take the life of the
child? I believe the answer is “Yes!” David knew that some
prophecies were warnings of what GOD would do unless
men repented.
GOD sometimes foretold future judgment, which would come
to pass if men did not repent.
The hope for divine relenting in response to
human repenting is set down in Jeremiah 18:5-8:
5 Then the word of the LORD came to me saying,
6 “Can I not, O house of Israel, deal with you as
this potter does?” declares the LORD.
“Behold, like the clay in the potter's hand, so are
you in MY hand, O house of Israel.
7 “At one moment I might speak concerning a nation
or concerning a kingdom to uproot, to pull down, or to
destroy it; 8 if that nation against which I have spoken
turns from its evil, I will relent concerning the
calamity I planned to bring on it.
This hope of forgiveness proved to be true for ancient Nineveh
[much to Jonah's displeasure — see Jonah 3 & 4], & also for
Manasseh [2 Chronicles 33:10-13].
Further, it may be that David viewed this situation through the
eyes of the Davidic Covenant, which GOD had recently made
with him:
12 “When your days are complete & you lie down with
your fathers, I will raise up your descendant after you,
who will come forth from you, & I will establish his kingdom.
13 “HE shall build a house for MY name, & I will establish
the throne of his kingdom forever.
14 “I will be a father to him & he will be a son to ME; when
he commits iniquity, I will correct him with the rod of men &
the strokes of the sons of men,
15 but MY lovingkindness shall not depart from him, as I
took it away from Saul, whom I removed from before you”
[2 Samuel 7:12-15].
Is it possible that David felt this child might be the heir to his
throne? If this were the case, then David surely had reason
to hope that GOD would spare the child's life.
David was certainly right in his assumption that the life of this
child was in GOD's hands, & that his best course of action
was to appeal to GOD to spare the child's life.
David believed in the sovereignty of GOD, & thus he rested
his case with GOD.
David's prayers are not only the expression of his repentance,
but the exercise of his faith.
Believing in GOD's sovereignty did not keep David from taking
action [fasting & praying]; his faith prompted him to act.
In spite of David's sorrow, sincerity, & persistence in petitioning
GOD to spare the child's life, his request was denied.
The child died.
David must not have been with the child when it happened or
he would have seen this for himself.
David did see his servants whispering to one another, perhaps
furtively glancing in his direction as they did so.
They were afraid to tell David because they feared he might
cause harm. The text is not altogether clear about whom the
servants feared David might harm.
You will notice that by the use of italics the NAB indicates to us
that the word himself is supplied by the translators.
I am not so sure David's servants
feared only for David's safety.
They may have feared for themselves as well.
I think that the NIV best conveys the ambiguity of the original text:
On the seventh day the child died.
David's servants were afraid to tell him that the child
was dead, for they thought, “While the child was still
living, we spoke to David but he would not listen to us.
How can we tell him the child is dead? He may do
something desperate” [2 Samuel 12:18, NIV].53
The long & short of it is that no one wanted to be the bearer
of bad tidings to David.
After all, if David had taken this child's illness so seriously,
would he not take the news of his death even more so? [54]
They did not need to inform David because he instinctively
knew the child was gone.
The words of Nathan were fulfilled as David could see on
the faces of his servants.
When David asked if the child was dead they could not deny it.
They told him the child was indeed dead.
It is what happens from this point on that perplexes David's
servants. While the child was ill they had not been able to get
David up from the ground, nor to eat any food.
They assumed it would only get worse
once he knew the child was dead.
Instead, David arose from the ground, washed & anointed himself,
changed his clothes, & went into the house of the LORD, where he
worshipped.
When he had finished worshipping GOD, he came home
& asked for food.
When they set it before him, he ate it.
The servants were amazed & puzzled.
A NT text may help explain what was normally expected:
14 Then the disciples of John came to HIM, asking,
“Why do we & the Pharisees fast, but YOUR
disciples do not fast?”
15 And JESUS said to them,
“The attendants of the bridegroom cannot mourn as
long as the bridegroom is with them, can they? But
the days will come when the bridegroom is taken
away from them, & then they will fast”
[Matthew 9:14-15, NAB].
David was expected to mourn for the child after he died.
From the servants' perspective, David had mourned so much for
this child while he was still alive that they feared what would
happen when they told him he was now dead.
Finally David’s servants worked up the courage to ask the king
how he could respond so calmly, knowing that the child was
dead. David now explains his change in behavior.
I think David’s unusual response can be explained in this manner:
The death of this child came as no surprise to David
because it had already been foretold by Nathan.
Through Nathan GOD had informed David that this son,
the fruit of David's sinful union with Bathsheba,
“Uriah's widow,” would surely die.
The death of this child was the revealed will of GOD.
For David to mourn excessively would have been to express
his regret over GOD's will.
David's actions indicated that he had accepted the death of this
child as GOD's will.
Nathan had already explained the reason for death of this child
to David. The purpose for the death of this child was not to
punish David. The appropriate punishment for David's sins under
the law would have been the death penalty.
Nathan has not given David news of a reduced sentence, but
of complete forgiveness, because the guilt & punishment for
his sins had been “taken away” [12:13].
The purpose for this child's death was instructive.
It was meant to silence any blasphemy on the part of the
“enemies of GOD.” Lest any might wrongly conclude that
Israel's GOD was oblivious to David's sin in the breaking
of GOD's law, GOD made it apparent that HE would not
wink at sin, even the sin of a man after HIS own heart.
The death of David's son was an object lesson
to the enemies of GOD.
David's mourning during the child's sickness was an
act of repentance, not the mourning of the loss of a
loved one:
22 He said, “While the child was still alive, I fasted &
wept; for I said, 'Who knows, the LORD may be
gracious to me, that the child may live.'
23 “But now he has died; why should I fast?
Can I bring him back again?
I will go to him, but he will not return to me.”
The death of this child was accepted as GOD's final answer
to David's petitions for the child's life.
This is the substance of David's answer to the question posed
by his servants.
While the child was alive, David fasted, wept, & prayed.
But now the child is dead.
David has done all that he could.
GOD has given David a clear & final answer:
“No.” David sees death as the time to cease those
activities which were only appropriate in life.
Someone has said, “Where there's life, there's hope.”
As far as David's hope for the healing of this child is concerned,
GOD has indicated to David that he should cease his efforts to
persuade GOD to relent concerning this child's death.
I see a similar example of David's acceptance of death as a
point of termination in chapter 13, where David finds a certain
comfort in the fact that his son Amnon was dead:
The heart of King David longed to go out to Absalom;
for he was comforted concerning Amnon, since he
was dead [2 Samuel 13:39].
David's comfort, to some degree, was found in Amnon's death.
In David's mind, it was as if GOD had closed a chapter.
The death of David's child by Bathsheba was GOD's final answer
to his request that the child might live.
David was comforted by the fact that what he asked for
[and was denied] was grace.
GOD's grace, by its very nature,
is sovereign grace.
Grace is often defined as “unmerited favor.”
Allowing this simple definition to stand for the moment, let us
see how David can be comforted by the fact that what he
asked for — & was denied — was a matter of grace.
I have already called attention to the words of Jeremiah 18,
where repentance is encouraged, & where GOD leaves
HIS options open concerning the canceling
[or even delaying] of threatened judgment.
There is a very similar passage in the Book of Joel, where
repentance is encouraged, & divine relenting is spoken
of as a possibility:
12 “Yet even now,” declares the LORD, “Return to ME
with all your heart, And with fasting, weeping & mourning;
13 And rend your heart & not your garments.”
Now return to the LORD your GOD, For HE is gracious
& compassionate, Slow to anger, abounding in
lovingkindness And relenting of evil.
14 Who knows whether HE will not turn & relent &
leave a blessing behind HIM, Even a grain offering &
a drink offering For the LORD your GOD?
[Joel 2:12-14, emphasis mine].
In both Jeremiah 18 & this passage in Joel, sinners are
encouraged to repent in precisely the way we see David
repenting & petitioning GOD in our text.
The appeal of the penitent sinner — that GOD would relent
& withhold judgment — is based upon GOD's grace, & not on
the sinner's merits.
And just because it is a matter of grace,
we dare not presume that GOD must relent.
Thus, in Jeremiah & Joel [55] we are encouraged to hope
for the possibility of GOD relenting, but not to presume
that HE will indeed relent.
We can see an example of the right kind of thinking in the
Book of Daniel. Daniel's three friends, Shadrach, Meshach,
& Abednego, refused to bow down to King Nebuchadnezzar's
golden image.
He was furious, but he gave these men a second chance.
If they would bow down at the next opportunity, they would
not be punished, but if they refused, they would be cast into
a fiery furnace.
This is the response of the three men to this offer:
16 Shadrach, Meshach & Abed-nego replied to the king,
“O Nebuchadnezzar, we do not need to give you an
answer concerning this matter. 17 “If it be so, our GOD
whom we serve is able to deliver us from the furnace
of blazing fire; & HE will deliver us out of your hand,
O king.
18 “But even if HE does not, let it be known to you,
O king, that we are not going to serve your gods or
worship the golden image that you have set up”
[Daniel 3:16-18].
These men knew they were obeying GOD rather than men.
They knew GOD was able to deliver them from the fiery furnace.
They did not dare to presume that HE would do so, & so
they responded to Nebuchadnezzar in a way that left the
option open. GOD could deliver them, for HE was able.
But whether or not HE would do so, they did not dare to presume.
Either way, they would not do as the king demanded, for they
were committed to serve GOD first & foremost.
David knew that GOD was able to save his son.
He also knew that if HE did so, it would be by grace alone,
& not on the basis of merit. If GOD had spared his son,
David would have rejoiced greatly.
But when the child's death made it apparent that GOD had
declined to spare him, David could still find comfort, because
he knew that grace is always sovereignly bestowed.
GOD's choice is not determined by man's merits,
& thus it is a sovereign choice, one that is not
determined by any outside force, but by the
independent choice of GOD HIMSELF.
This is the point Paul makes when he speaks of man's salvation as the result of GOD's sovereign choosing, long before man is even born, before man can do anything good or evil [as if this would affect the outcome of GOD's choosing]:
8 That is, it is not the children of the flesh who are children of GOD, but the children of the promise are regarded as descendants.
9 For this is the word of promise: “AT THIS TIME I WILL COME, AND SARAH SHALL HAVE A SON.” 10 And not only this, but there was Rebekah also, when she had conceived twins by one man, our father Isaac; 11 for though the twins were not yet born & had not done anything good or bad, so that GOD's purpose according to HIS choice would stand, not because of works but because of HIM who calls, 12 it was said to her, “THE OLDER WILL SERVE THE YOUNGER.” 13 Just as it is written, “JACOB I LOVED, BUT ESAU I HATED” [Romans 9:8-13].
In the case of the men of Nineveh, GOD did relent, & the city was spared [much to the displeasure of Jonah].
In the case of David, GOD did not relent.
David cannot legitimately be angry with GOD, for he did not deserve that for which he petitioned GOD.
Indeed, he deserved much worse than what he received.
ONE dare not be distressed with GOD when HE does not give us what we do not deserve.
We have no claim on divine grace.
When it is granted, we should gratefully receive it as those unworthy of it; when it is not, we should humbly acknowledge it was nothing we deserved in the first place.
These five reasons alone are sufficient basis for David's actions in our text.
But there is yet one more thing we are told in this text to which I call your attention: David found consolation & comfort in the death of the child because he was assured that, although the child could not return to be with him in life, he would go to be with the child in heaven:
“But now he has died; why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me” [verse 23].
I believe there is only one way this verse makes any sense, & that is by understanding David to be saying something like: “I cannot bring the child back to life, to be here with me once again, but I can look forward to being with this child in heaven, after I die.”
This conclusion, expressed above, is not accepted by all.
Some would understand David to be assured that he will be reunited with this child in heaven.
They would not necessarily conclude that this means that all babies who die go to heaven.
Some who believe in infant baptism may be tempted to believe that those babies who are baptized as infants will go to heaven if they die as babies.
There are also those who are strongly convinced that since babies cannot repent & trust in JESUS CHRIST, none who die go to heaven.
If this were the case, David would have to be understood to say something like this: “I cannot bring this baby back to life, but I will join him in the grave.” I want to address this last view first, & then seek to defend my own view, which is that babies who die [before the age of accountability] go to heaven.
There are some who understand David to be speaking of joining the child in the grave.
In the context of our text, I find it difficult to understand how.
David has fasted, wept, & prayed, so much so that his servants have become concerned for his own well-being.
They could not convince him to get up off the ground or to eat.
Suddenly, after the child dies, David goes on with his life as though nothing had happened, & when asked why by his servants, he gives the answer we find in our text.
A part of this answer is that while he cannot bring the child back, he will someday be with the child.
In the minds of some, David would be saying something like this:
“I was greatly intent on expressing my repentance, & in petitioning GOD for the life of this child.
But now the child is dead, & I know that he will be buried in lot #23 at Restland Cemetery.
To my great joy & comfort, I know that I will be buried in lot #24.
This is the reason why I can be comforted in my grief.
We will be side by side in the grave.”56
I simply do not find this explanation to be an adequate explanation for David's comfort & conduct.
I believe that David is looking beyond the grave, to his reunion with this child at the resurrection.
Is that not the same sense that we gain from Paul's words below?
13 But we do not want you to be uninformed, brethren, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as do the rest who have no hope.
14 For if we believe that JESUS died & rose again, even so GOD will bring with HIM those who have fallen asleep in JESUS.
15 For this we say to you by the word of the LORD, that we who are alive & remain until the coming of the LORD, will not precede those who have fallen asleep.
16 For the LORD HIMSELF will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel & with the trumpet of GOD, & the dead in CHRIST will rise first.
17 Then we who are alive & remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the LORD in the air, & so we shall always be with the LORD.
18 Therefore comfort one another with these words [1 Thessalonians 4:13-18].
Caveats & Cautions
I think we must admit that the view that all babies go to heaven if they die is the one we would most like to believe.
For this reason alone, we are obliged to approach this matter with skill & caution.
I would also agree that our text in 2 Samuel 12 alone would be thin evidence for my conclusions, if there were not other supporting texts & truths.
It is certainly true that my conclusions are based upon inferential evidence.
Having said this, I would also say that any other point of view on this subject is also inferential, & based [in my opinion] on even thinner evidence.
Let me say one final thing before proceeding with some of my arguments.
This subject [Do babies who die go to heaven?] is not one which should divide evangelical Christians.
It is not a fundamental of the faith, & it should not be viewed as heresy, no matter which of the views [stated above] are held.
In the final analysis, we should be willing to say that GOD would be righteous & just in sending every human being [including babies] to hell, if HE chose to do so.
Further, those of us who know & love GOD should be willing to trust HIM in this matter.
Sometimes certain subjects & questions are not clearly answered.
In such cases, I believe this is deliberate so that we have to trust in GOD HIMSELF.
Supporting Evidence
With all these caveats, let me list the factors which incline me to the conclusion that babies who die go to heaven.
I will focus on four lines of evidence.
First, in the Book of Jonah, GOD clearly makes a distinction between children & adults, & rebukes Jonah for desiring that divine judgment come upon little children.
We all know the story of how Jonah, the prophet of Israel, was instructed to go to Nineveh & to proclaim the coming of GOD's judgment on this wicked city.
We remember how Jonah rebelled, but was finally compelled to go to Nineveh, where he announced the coming of GOD's wrath on Nineveh in 40 days.
The people of Nineveh repented, & GOD relented.
Jonah was furious.
He wanted GOD to destroy this wicked city & all who lived in it.
Defiantly Jonah stationed himself outside the city, where he waited for the destruction that GOD had threatened & canceled.
Jonah waited in the heat, still intent on watching the Ninevites perish.
Then, this account follows:
5 Then Jonah went out from the city & sat east of it.
There he made a shelter for himself & sat under it in the shade until he could see what would happen in the city.
6 So the LORD GOD appointed a plant & it grew up over Jonah to be a shade over his head to deliver him from his discomfort.
And Jonah was extremely happy about the plant.
7 But GOD appointed a worm when dawn came the next day & it attacked the plant & it withered.
8 When the sun came up GOD appointed a scorching east wind, & the sun beat down on Jonah's head so that he became faint & begged with all his soul to die, saying, “Death is better to me than life.” 9 Then GOD said to Jonah, “Do you have good reason to be angry about the plant?” And he said, “I have good reason to be angry, even to death.” 10 Then the LORD said, “YOU had compassion on the plant for which you did not work & which you did not cause to grow, which came up overnight & perished overnight.
11 “Should I not have compassion on Nineveh, the great city in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know the difference between their right & left hand, as well as many animals?” [Jonah 4:5-11, emphasis mine].
Jonah was angry with GOD.
The cause for his anger is astounding.
He was angry with GOD because of the grace HE had shown to these sinful Ninevites.
He was incensed that GOD would forgive unworthy sinners, when they repented of their sins.
To a large degree he was wrong because he seems to have assumed that GOD blessed the Jews on another basis — the simple fact that they were Jews.
Jonah hated grace, especially when bestowed upon those he considered unworthy sinners.57 The sad irony is that he failed to understand that GOD’s blessings to Israel & to him were also based solely on divine grace.
Ultimately, Jonah himself seems to have trusted in something other than grace.
GOD gave Jonah a lesson in grace.
He gave this pouting, rebellious prophet a source of shade, even though he had no good reason for staying out in the heat.
When GOD took the plant away, & thus the shade it afforded Jonah, the prophet was hopping mad.
GOD challenged him concerning his anger.
Did Jonah deserve the plant & its shade? Then why was he angry when GOD took it away? Jonah did not deserve this gracious provision, yet Jonah somehow felt he did deserve it.
Now GOD turns Jonah’s attention from this object lesson to the real issue, the destruction or deliverance of the Ninevites.
Why would Jonah be so intent on the condemnation of 120,000 who could not tell their right hand from their left? It seems to me that this text suggests that GOD views the 120,000 differently than HE does the older Ninevites.
Those who can tell their left hand from their right can also discern between what is good & what is evil.
While Jonah is eager to condemn such children, GOD is not.
GOD does not argue with Jonah about the grace HE has shown the repentant [adult] Israelites.
He rebukes Jonah for desiring the children to suffer divine wrath along with the adults.
Jonah does not distinguish between the children & the adult Ninevites; GOD does.
The basis for this distinction is what is of concern to us in our study of the death of David’s son.
GOD’s rebuke of Jonah is based upon the fact that Jonah is unwilling to make a distinction between the sinful [but repentant] adult Ninevites & the 120,000 children of Nineveh.
The distinction is not just one of age, but of rational ability.
These 120,000 children cannot distinguish between their right hand & their left.
If this is so, & they cannot make concrete distinctions, how can they possibly make abstract distinctions like the difference between good & evil? How can they consciously choose to willfully disobey GOD, or to trust & obey HIM? GOD also mentions the cattle.
They cannot choose to serve or reject GOD either, not because of their age, but because of their nature as beasts which lack the capacity to reason.
Jonah would delight to watch these children & cattle suffer the wrath of GOD; GOD rebukes Jonah for this thinking.
Does this principle not apply to all children, & not just the children of Nineveh? I believe it does.
Second, according to both the Old & the New Covenants, children are not to suffer divine condemnation for the sins of their parents.
“FATHERs shall not be put to death for their sons, nor shall sons be put to death for their fathers; everyone shall be put to death for his own sin [Deuteronomy 24:16].
27 “Behold, days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will sow the house of Israel & the house of Judah with the seed of man & with the seed of beast.
28 “As I have watched over them to pluck up, to break down, to overthrow, to destroy & to bring disaster, so I will watch over them to build & to plant,” declares the LORD.
29 “In those days they will not say again, 'The fathers have eaten sour grapes, And the children' s teeth are set on edge.'30 “But everyone will die for his own iniquity; each man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth will be set on edge.
31 “Behold, days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel & with the house of Judah, 32 not like the covenant which I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, although I was a husband to them,” declares the LORD.
33 “But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the LORD, “I will put MY law within them & on their heart I will write it; & I will be their GOD, & they shall be My people.
34 “THEY will not teach again, each man his neighbor & each man his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD,' for they will all know ME, from the least of them to the greatest of them,” declares the LORD, “for I will forgive their iniquity, & their sin I will remember no more” [Jeremiah 31:27-34, NAB, emphasis mine].
Whether under the Old Covenant or the New, children are not to suffer condemnation for the sins of their parents.
Each one is to suffer for their own sins.
In Romans 5, Paul writes:
12 Therefore, just as through one man sin entered into the world, & death through sin, & so death spread to all men, because all sinned — 13 for until the Law sin was in the world, but sin is not imputed when there is no law.
14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of the offense of Adam, who is a type of HIM who was to come [Romans 5:12-14].
In other words, Adam’s sin has been imputed to the entire human race.
Even before the Law was given, men were sinners by nature.
And for this, all die a physical death.
Adam’s sin makes the whole human race sinful by nature.
In Romans 7, Paul speaks of being alive apart from the law, & then coming alive to the law:
I was once alive apart from the Law; but when the commandment came, sin became alive & I died [Romans 7:9].
It would seem from this text Paul is speaking of the coming of the age of accountability.
In his infancy, Paul was “alive apart from the Law,” because he was not yet able to grasp the law, & thus to discern good & evil.
Since he was unable to grasp either the need or the nature of the choice before him, he was not yet alive to the law.
But there came a time when he became alive to the law, & at that moment, he fell under its curse.
In chapters 1-3 of Romans, Paul lays a foundation for the rest of the epistle.
He seeks to demonstrate that all men are sinners, subject to the eternal wrath of GOD, & unable to save themselves by any work of their own [and thus in need of the gift of salvation in CHRIST through divine grace].
Paul’s conclusion [that all men are sinners] is summed up in chapter 3, as he draws together a list of OT citations:
9 What then? Are we better than they? Not at all; for we have already charged that both Jews & Greeks are all under sin; 10 as it is written, “THERE IS NONE RIGHTEOUS, NOT EVEN ONE; 11 THERE IS NONE WHO UNDERSTANDS, THERE IS NONE WHO SEEKS FOR GOD; 12 ALL HAVE TURNED ASIDE, TOGETHER THEY HAVE BECOME USELESS; THERE IS NONE WHO DOES GOOD, THERE IS NOT EVEN ONE.” 13 “THEIR THROAT IS AN OPEN GRAVE, WITH THEIR TONGUES THEY KEEP DECEIVING,” “THE POISON OF ASPS IS UNDER THEIR LIPS”; 14 “WHOSE MOUTH IS FULL OF CURSING AND BITTERNESS”; 15 “THEIR FEET ARE SWIFT TO SHED BLOOD, 16 DESTRUCTION AND MISERY ARE IN THEIR PATHS, 17 AND THE PATH OF PEACE THEY HAVE NOT KNOWN.” 18 “THERE IS NO FEAR OF GOD BEFORE THEIR EYES” [Romans 3:9-18].
This indictment is the conclusion of all that Paul has written up to this point, beginning with chapter 1, & especially v.18:
18 For the wrath of GOD is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness & unrighteousness of men who suppress the truth in unrighteousness.
How did Paul prove men to be sinners, under divine condemnation? In chapter 1 Paul shows that the heathen who have never heard the GOSPEL are sinners, under divine condemnation.
These folks are assumed not to have heard the GOSPEL of JESUS CHRIST.
Nevertheless, they have received a divine revelation about GOD, which they have willfully rejected.
This revelation comes through nature:
20 For since the creation of the world HIS invisible attributes, HIS eternal power & divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse.
21 For even though they knew GOD, they did not honor HIM as GOD or give thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, & their foolish heart was darkened.
22 Professing to be wise, they became fools, 23 & exchanged the glory of the incorruptible GOD for an image in the form of corruptible man & of birds & four-footed animals & crawling creatures [Romans 1:20-23].
I believe the argument goes like this.
GOD has revealed HIMSELF to all men through nature.
This revelation is not complete, & it does not include the good news of the forgiveness of sins through the substitutionary work of CHRIST on the cross of Calvary.
Even so, a person’s response to what GOD has revealed to them in nature is a demonstration of how they would have responded if more had been revealed to them.
Those who have received the revelation of GOD in nature have rejected it, twisting it into a religion of their own making, so that they worship GOD’s creation rather than GOD the Creator.
In Romans 2 & the first part of chapter 3, Paul shows that GOD justly condemns men as sinners for failing to live according to the standard of their own conscience, & most certainly for failing to live according to the standards set down in the Law of Moses.
He shows that all men are sinners, deserving GOD’s eternal wrath, because they have been given some revelation about GOD & they have spurned it, perverting the truth that was revealed to them & exchanging it for something they would rather believe.
Everyone who is condemned as a sinner in Romans 1-3 is one who has received a revelation about GOD, who has the mental capacity to grasp it & respond to it, & has rejected this revelation.
I contend that unborn children & infants [I won’t try to define where the so called “age of accountability” begins] have never received such revelation & have no capacity to reject it as evil or embrace it as good.
They have not sinned in the sense of knowing what is right & willfully choosing to do what is wrong.
Here is where some folks begin to get uneasy.
They fear that saying this is to deny the sin nature of all mankind, including children.
They fear that this is tantamount to declaring young children innocent.
I am not saying this at all.
Whether an unborn or an infant, every offspring of Adam [i.e., every human being, regardless of age] is a sinner by nature.
This sin nature is the result of Adam’s sin, which has been imputed to all his offspring.
There is a difference, however, in being a sinner by nature & being a sinner in deed.
A tiny newborn baby is a sinner by nature, but he will not become a sinner by deed until he willfully chooses to do what he knows to be wrong.
Apart from a premature death, every child who is a sinner by nature will blossom into a child who is a sinner by deed.
But what of those children who die before they have become a sinner by deed? If we were to conclude they are condemned to hell for all eternity, for whose sin[s] are they being eternally punished? I would have to say they would be punished for Adam’s sin.
They would suffer eternally for being a sinner by nature, for being born.
I believe the distinction GOD was making in Jonah 4 was between those Ninevites who were sinners by deed, & those who were sinners by nature, but not by deed.
I believe GOD was rebuking Jonah for wanting to see sinners by nature [only] suffer GOD’s wrath as though they were sinners by decision & deed.
On what basis can GOD save sinners by nature, so that they need not be condemned? That is our next topic of discussion.
Third, in Romans 5 Paul teaches us that the sacrificial death of our LORD JESUS CHRIST atones for the sin of Adam, so that no descendant of Adam’s is condemned to hell for Adam’s sin.
If I understand the SCRIPTURES correctly, the only reason that an infant could go to hell is because of Adam’s sin.
The Old & New Covenants tell us that this cannot be, since children must not be punished for the sins of their parents.
Romans 5 tells us how GOD has accomplished a means for infants to be saved from condemnation.
The issue addressed by the fifth chapter of Romans is this: “How can one person – JESUS CHRIST – be the Savior of all those who believe in HIM?” “How can one man save many by dying for them?”
The answer Paul gives us in Romans 5 is very simple: “It was one man [Adam] who brought sin upon the human race; so, too, it was one Man [JESUS CHRIST] who provided the solution to the problem of sin for all who believe.”
17 For if by the transgression of the one, death reigned through the one, much more those who receive the abundance of grace & of the gift of righteousness will reign in life through the ONE, JESUS CHRIST.
18 So then as through one transgression there resulted condemnation to all men, even so through one act of righteousness there resulted justification of life to all men [Romans 5:17-18].
45 So also it is written, “The first MAN, Adam, BECAME A LIVING SOUL.” The last Adam became a life-giving spirit.
46 However, the Spiritual is not first, but the natural; then the Spiritual.
47 The first man is from the earth, earthy; the second man is from heaven.
48 As is the earthy, so also are those who are earthy; & as is the heavenly, so also are those who are heavenly.
49 Just as we have borne the image of the earthy, we will also bear the image of the heavenly [1 Corinthians 15:45-49].
Our LORD JESUS CHRIST is called “the last Adam” because HE is the only ONE who can reverse the effects of Adam’s sin.
He does so, not by automatically saving all men, but by making atonement for the sins of men, so that all who receive the gift of salvation have the forgiveness of sins & eternal life.
All children have a sin nature which they have inherited from Adam.
They obtained this, not by committing any sin, but by being born into the human race.
They involuntarily obtained a sin nature.
Paul’s argument in Romans 5 is a “much more” argument.
He argues that whatever Adam did by his sin, CHRIST did [or rather undid] much more.
If any child goes to hell simply because of Adam’s sin, then CHRIST’s work on Calvary is not “much more” than Adam’s.
All those who suffer the eternal wrath of GOD for their sin are those who have, by their own willful choice, rebelled against GOD & rejected the revelation of HIM HE made known to them.
All those who have not yet made this willful choice to identify with Adam in his sin, & who die before doing so, are involuntarily covered by the shed blood of JESUS CHRIST.
Adam could thus corrupt the whole human race, but CHRIST could do much more in that HE could atone for Adam’s sin & transform guilty sinners into forgiven saints.
The death of JESUS CHRIST on the cross of Calvary is the means by which infants are saved from the guilt & condemnation of their sin nature, just as it is the means by which all [adults] who believe are saved.
This is how I explain the confidence & peace David demonstrated when his son died.
David was assured that he would not die, & this was due to the fact that his sins were “taken away.” Under the Old Covenant, there was no salvation for David, only the condemnation of death.
David must therefore be delivered from divine wrath due to GOD’s provision in JESUS CHRIST, in accordance with the New Covenant.
This is the basis for the salvation of every saint, OT or New.
If GOD dealt graciously with David, on the basis of the new covenant, would HE not also deal with his son on the same basis?
Fourth, the belief that infants are saved by the blood of CHRIST is the view held by some of the most highly regarded students of SCRIPTURE.
The doctrinal position of the Church throughout its history does not have the authority of SCRIPTURE, but it does help to validate or call into question contemporary interpretations of the SCRIPTURES.
When one holds a view or interpretation of SCRIPTURE that the Church has consistently rejected throughout the history of the Church, it certainly calls that interpretation into question.
Allow me to cite a few quotations which express the viewpoint of some respected theologians & preachers of the past.
First, let us hear from Charles Haddon Spurgeon:
Now for one or two incidental matters which occur in SCRIPTURE, which seem to throw a little light also on the subject.
You have not forgotten the case of David.
His child by Bathsheba was to die as a punishment for the father's offence.
David prayed, & fasted, & vexed his soul; at last they tell him the child is dead.
He fasted no more but he said, “I shall go to him, he shall not return to me.” Now, where did David expect to go to? Why, to heaven surely.
Then his child must have been there, for be said, “I shall go to him.” I do not hear him say the same of Absalom.
He did not stand over his corpse, & say, “I shall go to him;” he had no hope for that rebellious son.
Over this child it was not—”O my son! would to GOD I had died for thee!” No, he could let this babe go with perfect confidence, for he said, “I shall go to him.” “I know,” he might have said, “that HE hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things & sure, & when I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I shall fear no evil, for he is with me; I shall go to my child, & in heaven we shall be re-united with each other.”58
And once again:
Now, let every mother & father here present know assuredly that it is well with the child, if GOD hath taken it away from you in its infant days.
You never heard its declaration of faith—it was not capable of such a thing; it was not baptized into the LORD JESUS CHRIST, not buried with him in baptism; it was not capable of giving that “answer of a good conscience towards GOD,” nevertheless, you may rest assured that it is well with the child, well in a higher & a better sense than it is well with yourselves; well without limitation, well without exception, well infinitely, “well” eternally.
Perhaps you will say, “What reasons have we for believing that it is well with the child?” Before I enter upon that I would make one observation.
It has been wickedly, lyingly, & slanderously said of Calvinism, that we believe that some little children perish.
Those who make the accusation know that their charge is false.
I cannot even dare to hope, though I would wish to do so, that they ignorantly misrepresent us.
They wickedly repeat what has been denied a thousand times, what they know is not true.
In Calvin's advice to Knox, he interprets the second commandment, “showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me,” as referring to generations, & hence he seems to teach that infants who have had pious ancestors, no matter how remotely, dying as infants are saved.
This would certainly take in the whole race.
As for modern Calvinists, I know of no exception, but we all hope & believe that all persons dying in infancy are elect.
Dr.
Gill, who has been looked upon in late times as being a very standard of Calvinism, not to say of ultra-Calvinism, himself never hints for a moment the supposition that any infant has perished, but affirms of it that it is a dark & mysterious subject, but that it is his belief, & he thinks he has SCRIPTURE to warrant it, that they who have fallen asleep in infancy have not perished, but have been numbered with the chosen of GOD, & so have entered into eternal rest.
We have never taught the contrary, & when the charge is brought, I repudiate it & say, “YOU may have said so, we never did, & you know we never did.
If you dare to repeat the slander again, let the lie stand in scarlet on your very cheek if you be capable of a blush.” We have never dreamed of such a thing.
With very few & rare exceptions, so rare that I never heard of them except from the lips of slanderers, we have never imagined that infants dying as infants have perished, but we have believed that they enter into the paradise of GOD.59
Finally, let us hear from Loraine Boettner, who cites the position of a number of other theologians:
Most Calvinistic theologians have held that those who die in infancy are saved.
The SCRIPTURES seem to teach plainly enough that the children of believers are saved; but they are silent or practically so in regard to those of the heathens.
The Westminster Confession does not pass judgment on the children of heathens who die before coming to years of accountability.
Where the SCRIPTURES are silent, the Confession, too, preserves silence.
Our outstanding theologians, however, mindful of the fact that GOD's “tender mercies are over all HIS works,” & depending on HIS mercy widened as broadly as possible, have entertained a charitable hope that since these infants have never committed any actual sin themselves, their inherited sin would be pardoned & they would be saved on wholly evangelical principles.
Such, for instance, was the position held by Charles Hodge, W.
G.
T.
Shedd, & B.
B.
Warfield.
Concerning those who die in infancy, Dr.
Warfield says: “THEIR destiny is determined irrespective of their choice, by an unconditional decree of GOD, suspended for its execution on no act of their own; & their salvation is wrought by an unconditional application of the grace of CHRIST to their souls, through the immediate & irresistible operation of the HOLY SPIRIT prior to & apart from any action of their own proper wills .
.
.
And if death in infancy does depend on GOD's providence, it is assuredly GOD in HIS providence who selects this vast multitude to be made participants of HIS unconditional salvation .
.
.
This is but to say that they are unconditionally predestinated to salvation from the foundation of the world.”60
Conclusion
We have lingered long on this sad incident in which David
finds joy & comfort, but allow me to conclude by pointing
out several areas of application.
● First, this text [along with the others I have mentioned]
offers comfort to all those who have suffered [or will suffer]
the loss of a little one.
I believe that our LORD summed it up as concisely as
possible when HE said,
“Permit the children to come to ME, & do not hinder them,
for the kingdom of GOD belongs to such as these”
[Luke 18:16].
What comfort there is to know that
our little ones are in HIS arms.
● Second, we learn from this incident that even when
GOD forgives our sins HE does not remove all
painful consequences.
David’s sins with Bathsheba & with Uriah were forgiven,
but the death of this child was still necessary.
Sin has painful consequences.
Even though our sins are forgiven, they are never
worth the price tag that comes in terms of consequences.
● Third, GOD is more concerned with HIS reputation than
our happiness. Some people think that GOD is a kind
of magic Genie, who awaits our every command, & who
seeks to satisfy our every whim.
David would have been happy to receive his child back,
but GOD’s reputation required that HE deal with sin
in a way that makes it very clear how a holy & righteous
GOD feels about sin.
● Fourth, we can learn a lesson about unanswered prayer.
David prayed as earnestly as a man could pray, but
GOD clearly answered, “No!”
David was content with that.
He did not protest or complain.
He accepted GOD’s will as that which was best.
He worshipped GOD in spite of his loss & his pain.
He did not agonize that he simply lacked faith.
He knew GOD had heard him & HE had answered.
How many of us praise GOD when HE has told us “No!”?
● Finally, the believer’s hope & joy in the midst of trials &
tribulations is the context for witnessing to our faith in
JESUS CHRIST.
David’s servants expected him to [re]act in a very
different way, once he learned that his son was dead.
They were amazed at the way he found comfort, joy, &
a desire to worship GOD when his family was struck
by tragedy.
They asked David concerning this hope, & David was
able to give an explanation of that hope.
Our response to our sufferings & trials affords us the same
opportunity. Let us learn to rest in HIM in Whom we have
placed our hope, & then to share this hope with those who
do not possess it [see 1 Peter 3:15].
51 Incidentally, this was done with another teacher present, as a witness.
52 When GOD struck Nabal, he died after ten days — see 1 Samuel 25:38.
53 The NKJV is similar, when it renders, “HE may do some harm.”
54 We do not really know whether any of the servants knew of
Nathan’s word that this child would surely die. If not, then they
may not understand why David is so serious in his mourning of
repentance & petition.
55 See also Jonah 3.
56 I am duty bound to point out the words of Barzillai in 2 Samuel 19:37.
There was some comfort in being buried near one’s relatives, but this
does not seem to be sufficient comfort to explain David’s words &
actions in our text.
57 In this, Jonah is not that different from the self-righteous scribes
& Pharisees of JESUS’ day.
58 “Infant Salvation,” The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, a sermon
delivered on Sunday morning, September 29th, 1861, By the Rev.
C.H.Spurgeon, at the Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington.
59 Spurgeon in the same sermon as above.
60 Loraine Boettner, The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination
[Philadelphia: The Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing Company,
1963 [eleventh printing]], pp. 143-144.
https://bible.org/seriespage/13-death-david-s-son-2-samuel-1214-31
0 notes
Cards against Cybertron 437 answers
Thx again to everyone who helped!!! Questions are here Link
@decepti-auto-docs @e512 @horns-and-heels
1. Tarn
2. Functionism
3. Leakers huffing coolant fumes behind a dumpster in Rodion
4. A Time Travel Paradox
5. Death by traitor’s wheel
6. Chief Justice Tyrest
7. Nightmare Fuel
8. Militant Monoform Movement
9. Eight billion organic corpses rotting in the light of a binary sun
10. Thunderwing’s pretender shell
11. A big bag of T-Cogs
12. Leadership of a Mortilus death cult
13. Explosions
14. Interfacing in the exhaust pipe
15. Police brutality
16. Ten Ammonite prostitutes
17. A barrel of diesel-based hooch
18. A really nasty virus
19. Lubricant
20. Four million shanix in ill-gotten gains
21. A weak energon spritzer
22. Ten terrabytes of Lithonian porn
23. Autobot Special Ops
24. Soundwave fendered out of his mind on circuit boosters
25. Deep-throating Perceptor’s scope attachment.
26. Suppressing the memory of Beast Machines
27. Shockwave’s spectacular rack
28. Femmes with spikes
29. Taking lurid photos of suggestively posed Transformers toys
30. James Roberts’ private swimming pool full of tears
31. Being physically unable to orgasm without the mentioning of Starscream
32. A tone-inappropriate Weird Al dance number
33. Yet another sex virus infection
34. TFA Jazz’s crotch arrow
35. Whoever thought Kiss Players was an acceptable idea
36. Shota Bumblebee
37. The irresistibly soft, yielding delight of TFA Optimus’s lips
38. Watching Rescue Bots as trauma therapy
39. Pharma transforming his hands into dildos
40. Relentlessly mocking the inferiority of Rodimus
41. The unstoppable horror that is Michael Bay
42. Another bunch of shitty recolors
43. Drift sucking spike for drugs
44. Getting Star Sabered
45. Robots in disguise
46. War without end
47. Erotically inhaling bees
48. Peace through tyranny
49. Backfiring and walking away
50. Stealing a warworld
51. Interfacing with a turbofox
52. Doing the right thing
53. Going into combat while high as frag
54. Not giving two scraps about Rodion
55. Starscream
56. My collection of high-tech sex toys
57. Fragging Optimus Prime in exchange for a promotion
58. Misfire
59. A thing with three heads that keeps insisting it has no head
60. Galvatron the Barbarian King
61. A dead MTO
62. Land mines
63. Cannon fodder
64. K-Con recruitment office
65. A mission into uncharted space
66. The Wreckers
67. Taking volunteers
68. Chilly interface with a refrigeration unit
69. The Galactic Council’s stupid hats
70. A shock baton up my valve
71. Jacking into a generator
72. A first-printing edition of Towards Peace
73. An Autobot insignia
74. A really, really big gun
75. Electric shock therapy
76. Prowl’s sexy, sexy doorwings
77. The Covenant of Primus
78. Human germs
79. A steamy affair with a senator
80. The Matrix of Leadership
81. A blowjob from Megatron
82. Empurata
83. Primus on a bike
84. Unicrons severed head
85. The universal greeting
86. An issue of Racer Weekly, the Blurr edition (With the full page spread)
87. Camien make-up
88. A signed picture of Thunderclash
89. Rungs eyebrows
90. The Scavengers
91. The DJDs grandma
92. The Magnus armor
93. A face full of mnemosurgery needles
94. Cyclonus’ nightstick
95. Starscreams hooker heels
96. Bad fanfiction
97. Whirls boob cannons
98. Rodimus’ irrational hate for hats
99. The Rodpod
100. A portal to Cyberutopia
101. Tailgate crying through his visor
102. A vial of innermost energon
103. The power of love
104. Lockdowns missing hand
105. Devestators crotch
106. A briefcase
107. 10.000 Legislators
108. Trolling on the Big Conversation
109. An undead turbofox
110. Sentinel Primes (TFA) massive chin
111. Desecrating a corpse
112. A chainsaw sword
113. Overlords luscious lips
114. Flowers made of dead people
115. A horde of horny Insecticons
116. Mechs with mustaches
117. Homemade circuitboosters
118. Ratchet‘s complete lack of enthusiasm towards your bullshit
119. 5 virgin Seekers
120. A rendezvous with a tyrant of your choice
121. A specific paragraph in the Tyrest Accord
122. One of Rung‘s current theories on Lost Light group dynamics
123. Tranquilizers for combiners
124. The mysterious contents of Optimus Primes trailer
125. Prowl flipping tables
126. Semi dry pre-war midgrade with a hint of mercury. On the rocks.
127. Motor oil
128. Religious fanatism
129. The fucks James Roberts never gave.
130. Exotic little Cybertronian N.A.I.L. colonies
131. Overpriced hedonian trinkets
132. Shady backstreet medics
133. USB slots
134. A whole lot of messed up and tangled wires
135. Any moner‘s dream
136. A one eyed, one horned, flying, purple people-eater
137. Boobie headlights
138. Squishies
139. 4 million years of practice
140. Not giving a shit about lower castes
141. Any senator
142. A long and winding rhetorical excuse
143. Blip
144. Groundbreaking scientific proof
145. Perceptor's skope
146. Flywheels enormous feet
147. Thruster heels
148. Sensitive wing syndrome
149. Processed energon
150. Too much engex
151. Their inner demons
152. Hippies from Caminus
153. Traces of peanuts
154. A certain type of tires
155. Clogged tubes
156. A big fat spike
157. Basic hygiene rituals
158. A thorough massage
159. A third ridiculous and completely made up faction
160. A manipulated vote
161. Decepticon dictatorship
162. A little dancing group of miners
163. To be deaf and numb
164. A suppressed desire
165. A sentinent being
166. A non-sentinent being
167. Beautiful garbage
168. Half of their protoform
169. Their first embarrassing paintjob
170. Stick on tattoos
171. The greatest Autobot of all times
172. Cybertronian healthcare
173. Blowjobs for everyone
174. A reason to celebrate
175. The reason for his existence
176. A boygroup from Praxus
177. A sizekink
178. A passionate relationship
179. Twisted wires
180. Ritualized Iaconian folk dance
181. His botbook profile
182. A Decepticon spy
183. An Autobot spy
184. One million Shanix with a rather questionable origin
185. One million years dungeon!
186. Grinding gears
187. The altmode of their dreams
188. A field of sparks
189. Something unknown but with a peculiar smell
190. Chipped paint
191. Screeching tires
192. A flame paintjob
193. Death sentence
194. Tumblr
195. Drumming on the next best bot's chassis
196. More tires
197. Overrated upgrades for valves
198. Suction cups
199. Lonely veterans
200. Human clothing kink
201. A broken spark
202. A simple misunderstanding about paintjob colour that lead to a total shitstorm
203. A pile of scrap
204. A quick escalation
205. Sparklings
206. That ass
207. Hope
208. Poor life choices
209. My existential gay crisis
210. Unfathomable stupidity
211. A windmill full of corpses
212. Actually getting shot, for real.
213. Teaching robots to love
214. A tank full of Sharkticons
215. Daring to be stupid
216. Cyberforming an entire planet
217. Eating a G.I.Joe
218. Vos´ face
219. Whatever Tarn is compensating for with his double arm canon
220. Loki Maximo
221. Decorative spikes
222. Bad luck Pipes
223. Showing off your step dancing skills and accidentally killing a random bot
224. Something that came out of Tarantulas butt
225. Botflix
226. Untagged porn
227. A trigger warning
228. Getting overcharged at 8 am
229. Witwicky white trash
230. Energon-Sushi that has gone bad
231. That prick Prowl
232. His daddy
233. Beauty products by Overlord
234. Popular dance hits
235. Primus, our lord and savior
236. A robot STD
237. A super soft padding
238. Your monthly oil change
239. A sudden and overwhelming hunger for ener-jonnies
240. Swapping fuel in public
241. Big, big pedes
242. Every face mask ever
243. Many little sockets on the side of his frame
244. A heavy burst of electricity
245. Five nights at Swerve´s
246. Tyrest´s crown of “spikes”
247. Covfefe
248. An even smaller version of Minimus Ambus
249. Domestication
250. A jammed door on the Peaceful Tyranny
251. 150 Autobots
252. The cancellation of “Till all are one”
253. Elita-1
254. A dead minibot in a box
255. Like 1000 caged sparkeaters
256. The gentle flap of some doorwings
257. A leisure center for retired Autobots
258. A good scolding from Nickel
259. The lack of oral hygiene
260. A bastard trapped in another bastard
261. Drift's criminal record
262. His nasty ex
263. At least three
264. Decepticon dance hits vol 1 – XX
265. Fancy fizzy drinks named after fierce Decepticons
266. More bad Crossovers
267. Just a black hole
268. An exact version of this in the my little pony universe
269. The softness of beastformer fur
270. 100 twerking seeker butts
271. Bad roleplay
272. Our hopes and fears
273. A nice game of “Dodge the blowtorch”
274. A leaking gearstick
275. Literal sparkplugs
276. The Co-captain
277. 50 shades of Tailgate
278. Wasps in my waste tanks
279. You wouldn't understand. It's a Combiner thing
280. Thats just another one of Elita's secrets
281. None-stop buttsex
282. Having a crush on your leader for centuries
283. Swindle's dead body
284. Gay Constructicons
285. A Cybertronian named Lubeguzzler
286. Overclocking your CPU out of boredom
287. Lesbian Spiders
288. Sum fuk
289. Tire butts
290. Gladiator erotica written by Megatron
291. Rejected outlier abilities.
292. Turning emblems upside-down
293. Your worst childhood's nightmare
294. More phase-sixers
295. Ambulon's better half
296. Onslaught´s bitterness
297. Starscream's underfraggedness
298. The worst holomatter avatar
299. Robot bollocks
300. Synthetic spikes hanging from the ceiling
301. A tank drainage
302. Ejecting their spike
303. Horns
304. Datapads
305. Megatron's fleshli-Cannon
306. Shooting your best friend
307. Soundwave's highly talented data cables
308. Starscreams ego
309. Liege Maximo's prison cell inside Carcer
310. Rung's candy collection
311. Gentle trigger strokes
312. Titan spikes
313. Unauthorized brain module surgery
314. Needle fingers
315. Optic Cleanser
316. Fleshies
317. Heat simulation chips
318. The „botfather“
319. A Tale of Two Tankors
320. An engorged scraplet
321. Engineering a time machine just to stalk your long dead crush
322. Ratchet´s favorite wrench
323. Robo boobs
324. Ack!
325. That time someone thought gelatinous spikes were a good idea.
326. He can't deal with this right now
327. Spike enlargement surgery
328. Optimus getting slapped
329. Megatron getting some fiiiine booty
330. A weird obsession with humans
331. Misfire's secret booze storage
332. Spinster's hands
333. Gently crushing golden thighs
334. Rust
335. An enraged pistachio
336. The real reason Roddimus hates hats
337. Ark-1
338. A handful of confetti on Garrus-9
339. Galvatron's goddamn sexy thighs
340. Storing candy up his gun barrel
341. An alt-mode kink
342. Party ambulance
343. Combiner gang bang
344. Predacon glossa
345. Sniffing beastformer butt
346. The large plug
347. Build-a-bear horrors
348. Engex
349. Knockout's astranged uncle
350. Breakdown and Knockout becoming parents
351. Fidget spinner spinner alt mode
352. That sparkle bot down the street
353. A dirty boy
354. A thick boy
355. Shockwave's bosom
356. Sneezing sparklings
357. A softly purring engine
358. The Cybertronian equivalent to snoring
359. Soundwave's perfectly sculpted aft
360. Bumblebee's butt screw
361. Insecticon infestation
362. Incesticons
363. Wheeljack's mouth fixation
364. Unicrons beard
365. Unicron! Not Unicorn!
366. A mask covering his ugliness
367. Bad dentals
368. That bar on Caminus
369. Blurr's turbo spike
370. What happened back then in the teen-bot summer camp
371. Rodimus discovering emojis
372. The burning frame of your enemy
373. The smell of victory
374. Dr. Octogonapus
375. Bayformers Optimus' Prime's boobs
376. Crosshairs attitude
377. The swarm
378. One tiny beeping bean
379. Weaponless Ironhide
380. Your crackship
381. Hydraulic twerking
382. Five thousand starving scraplets
383. Trypticon's Dinospike
384. Pre war hypocricy
385. Grimlock's happy leg
386. That one container of bad engex
387. Wheeljack's "Special" experiments
388. Eggs
389. Popular waxing techniques during the golden age
390. Helex´ cooking
391. Cyclonus' broken horn
392. Violently pelvic thrusting at your neighbor
393. Killmasters wand
394. Squealing scientists
395. The urgent need to align all your pens to the left
396. It's a Lost Light thing, you wouldn't understand
397. Bulkhead's "Bulkhead"
398. Dating boats
399. Seeker screaming sessions
400. That one time Optimus was actually right.
401. Space fashion
402. Swerve's stripper pole
403. Bunny suits on bots
404. 40 buckets
405. Quintesson poop
406. My new line of Pipes shoes
407. Prison gayness
408. Froid's yaoi arms
409. Whirl, making ticking noises
410. Bellydancing Drift
411. Deadlock, aka Bleplock
412. Subsidized aerobic classes for middle sized grounders
413. Being too big for the transport shuttle
414. Prowl's excess weight
415. Actual headcanons
416. Rewind's alleged sex tapes
417. Incompatible drivers
418. Human collateral
419. Holding Perceptor's legs so he can shoot things
420. Rodimus' magic butt crack
421. Seeing Cosmos in space and not saying 'Hello'
422. Sleeping baby beans
423. tfw2005 fuckboys
424. Cannibalistic Insecticons
425. A good old EMP blast
426. Your motherboard
427. Dinobot tranquilizers
428. Exactly what you get when you mess with a taser
429. Lugnuts P.O.K.E
430. A cheesy tune written by tarn in his spare time
431. TFP Arcee's secret third wheel
432. Waking up next to a beastformer and knowing that nothing will ever be the same again
433. G1 physics
434. Humansonas
435. That awful snarling sound Dinobot keeps on making
436. Verity in short shorts
437. Bikini day on the Nemesis
65 notes
·
View notes