#archeolgy

[trash-can-sam]

OKAY this is a long one but I dont see people talk about Grace and I deeply adore her shes my second favorite (almost tied with first (Qi) tbh) and deserves more love.

Heres the line that I pretty much based this on:

When I fist saw that line I was like oh thats interesting but then I learned about what she was and I was like OH MY GOD SHES TALKING ABOUT HERSELF. Because what are the chances she just happens to have a sister with a very similar job as her, and the wouldnt you get sick of a life like that implies she doesnt like her job even if she does actually have a sister.

(Also this line from her engagement letter)

NOW THINGS THAT I IMPLY THAT ARE NOT CERTAIN BUT ARE TRUE TO ME (you do not have to read this to understand anything I just want to talk about her):

She genuinely is interested in archeology. Her collecting various things for archeolgy could have just been her making herself seem more convincing, but she does genuinely seem very informed on the topic. AGAIN, could be her being more convincing, but I wouldnt doubt if she actually majored in it (or at least took a few classes) because it would make sense to play a character with something youre kind of knowlegable about, and she seems to know quite a bit about specific school practices and genuinely be opinionated on archeology's place in the world. Also, her likes indicate this is something shes genuinely interested in and passionate about. THE DIGGING HOLES IN THE GARDEN THING ALSO IS NOT MADE UP, and she says "Old habits die hard I guess", implying (at least to me) that she did it for similar reasons or maybe that she found something that inspired her to be interested in archeology.

She definetly seems to not really have faith in the system shes in, or at least doubt in it. Im not saying shes radical or anything (IF WE ARE GETTING SPECIFIC (Using current day terms) she seems reasonably moderate, pretty center left yk but I wouldnt be surprised if she believed in more socialist policies and shes clearly informed in whats going on, partially because of her job and also because I think being informed is important to her) and she still does work for the government, but she seems to not really be completely content with it. I dont really have any concrete proof for that besides this line which is really just how she thinks:

NOW she says she wasnt really involved in politics, which I think at the time shes saying this is true. I wouldnt be surprised if she was more involved when she was younger, but I think for the most part she has ideas. She really likes to think (also proved by this line, I think she thinks a lot of thoughts in a similar vein but for the most part doesnt share them because they dont really fit her brand) and I feel like that would translate more into thinking more of ideals than actual politics, especially since she feels like people who are noble and want to make a difference cannot under the current system.

I feel like there were more lines in quests and what not with her being more disillusioned but full disclosure this could entirely be an illlusion of the mind palace.

Since she also mentions specifically making a difference, I also decided to extrapolate that was strongly about her as well. Wanting to make a difference being attatched to her choosing the job is also something not said at all, but something I decided to connect because it makes sm sense to me

I THINK THATS ALL. But a lot of this is largely headcanon since we dont have that much info on her (Character development is still low, therefore I cry and sob and make things up completely BECAUSE ITS FUN.)

please think about her more so i dont have to make another 12 page kind of comic, mostly illustrated writing.

[itlovesinthewoods]

🌧️ for the WIP ask!

I was just working on this a few hours ago ahsjshejdj. Based on this post. Excerpt from post-ILW fi, where everyone from all the It Lives characters from each book have died and ILW!MC chooses to sacrifice themselves as the new Anchor, leaving only Noah and Devon left.

(GN pronouns for Devon)

Even when it felt like life had stopped, time never did. It went on and on and on, waiting for no one, never looking back once.

Noah and Devon didn't have the luxury to go against it.

Days turned to months and they knew the months would turn into years. And then one day, they too would leave, just like everyone else had.

Until then, they made do.

They volunteered. A lot. God knows that Westchester needed all the help it could get. And, to be honest, they needed to do something. Anything. Just to stop the festering darkness ever-present in the corners of their minds, completely encompassing and consuming them.

When they'd finally come home, they'd have to face the empty house they lived in. Items scattered around, unbearable to touch, were their only company. A hazardly placed gym bag. Archeolgy books lying crooked on the bookshelf. A dark blue nightcap. An open sketchbook next to dispresed carpentary tools on the table.

In the blowing wind, they could sometimes hear whispers of people long lost.

They were used to it.

When they came home, they'd also have to face each other.

That was both harder and easier.

On some days they couldn't bear to look at each other's faces. On those days, they only catch glimpses of each other, slipping in and out of the rooms of Cora's- No, Connor's- old house. Like ghosts. No, worse than ghosts. Their souls still remained alive inside them.

Noah and Devon.... They were less than alive.

Yet more than dead.

They just.... existed.

On other days, all they can do is sought out each other's company, collapsing unto the nearest surface, holding the other, their limbs entangled, in some insipid yet encompassing urge to keep the other close, as if that by doing so they could thwart fate from taking the other away.

Today was one of the former.

Day 62, Devon marked off the calender, their fingers trembling. Their grasp of the pen tightened, a numb, throbbing pain spurring in their knuckles. The pain reminded them they were alive.

It felt akin to a mockery.

[eracliteo]

Ercole Farnese’s torso. Archeological Museum.

Napoli, December 2018

[imageryphoto]

Chichen Itza One of The Wonders of the Modern World

Chichen Itza One of The Wonders of the Modern World

Mayan Perspective

I have been to only two of the wonders of the modern world. Unlike The Roman Coliseum, Chichen Itza is really a collection of wonders. Of course the the famous pyramid is the centerpiece. However, the ball field, observatory and smaller pyramids are all fascinating and worth seeing in their own right. Truly a remarkable experience.

To see other images and buy apparel or prints,…

[mathmatcs]

avogrado's constant, aka something we touched on today in chemistry ft my messy working out under my notes. also i switched some of my subjects around today, so no longer studying german. sad.

[marioyuri]

Get a bunch of academics with a big interest in archeology together in an expedition and they become worst than fucking toddlers

[oooms-productdesign]

Little 5 o’clock fun project. Made a dice out of 2000 year Old Roman Oak. Wood used be part of a recently discovered Roman waterwell. #dice #wood #roman #woodworking_art #oooms #gamblingtime #archeolgie #romanarcheology (bij Netherlands) https://www.instagram.com/p/BzgK-LMHqMh/?igshid=b2ds3o7udqvv

[everyday1photo]

Bodrum under water archeolgy museum

[the-ladyofnight]

Hi!! These guys is my new friends (oc) I'll introduce them to all of you..

Forgot to tell you guys that I will share their blog later! Feel free to ask them!! ≧ω≦

Name: Alson Kazai

Age: 22 years old

Birthdate: 6 September

Sibling: Alzen Kazai (twin) and Lynia Kazai (little sister)

Majoring: Archeolgy

Personality: Gentle caring older brother but strict to himself.

Extra info:

-Love to cook (great cooker)

-40 minutes older than Alzen

-Love his sister and twin so much.

-Love to read

-Can play guitar

-He is good at remembering things. (have a good memory)

-pretty much a dream boyfriend..

-spend most of his times on cooking book and archeology stuff.

-follow his uncle to protect all the ancient tomb.

-too stubborn that he don't even care about himself. (weakness)

Name: Alzen Kazai

Age: 22 years old

Birthdate: 6 Spetember

Sibling: Alson Kazai (twin brother) and Lynia Kazai (little sister)

Majoring: Law

Personality: Cool cold brother on the outside but a great teaser when it come to his sister or someone that he close with.

Extra info:

-Love to clean

-help his brother clean the house

-A little mysophobia

-Really really love to read since he major in Law.

-he know martial art (Taekwondo, Karate and Kendo)

-always train himself so he won't forget all the martial art move.

-tease his sister when he feel like too.

-follow his uncle to protect all the ancient tomb.

-too calm, always wanders around (weakness)

Name: Lynia Kazai

Age: 18 years old

Birthdate: 10 October

Sibling: Alson and Alzen (the twin)

Majoring: She study at private school no clue what she take.

Personality: A total soft, gentle baby and caring also a bit sensitive.

Extra info:

-love to cook like her older brother the twin.

-have a good intuition.

-can predict things.

-follow her twin brother because they follow theirs uncle.

-suck at controlling her emotion. (weakness)

[madly-odd]

The 3D stereoscopic re-creation perches the viewer atop a Roman villa, with a bird’s eye view of the oncoming volcanic eruption. Its commanding visuals of flames, debris, and destruction of Pompeii reflect our deep fascination with that frightful moment in history. 

[skygemspeaks]

G: I really don't like Fian, the more I read his parts the more meh I get about him. (Somtimes he talks about keeping Jarra under control and I just don't like that? idk exaclty why but it rubs me wrong). I also really wish we had more archeolgy trolling the millitary, just that is always the best. Raven and the laser cutter is a highlight moment for me. Archelogists are the best and I love them all so much. What if Jarra had dug Jaxon out on the fringe once?

God, that’s a mood. I tried so hard to like him. It took me reading the entire series three times before I could admit to myself that I just didn’t like him. And as soon as I was able to say that, I realized just how much I loved the Raven/Jarra ship.

There are a lot of things about the way he acts that piss me off, but I think the ones that annoy me the worst are:

When he finds out Jarra’s handicapped, the literal first words out of his mouth are “What will my family say when they find out I’m twoing with an ape?” and I find that really telling. Like, there are hundreds of Military that are about to die, Jarra literally just told him she’d had a mental breakdown because her parents had just died, and that’s what he’s worried about?

At the beginning of Earth Flight, the newzies break the news that Jarra’s going to join the Tell Clan, and Jarra mentions that Fian should tell his parents. And we find out that Fian’s been putting off telling his parents for weeks, as if he’s ashamed of the fact his girlfriend is Betan??? He’s really obvious all throughout Earth Star about how much he dislikes the fact that she’s Betan.

In Earth Flight, when Jarra shows up at Zulu base after nearly being killed by a maniac with planet first weapons, and she’s tired and her uniform is singed and she’s still starving because she hasn’t eaten in a day, and the first words out of Fian’s mouth are him berating her because “we’ve been worrying about you so much and you’ve been sightseeing?” and i’m like...bitch, can you not SEE the state she’s in???? maybe try asking her first what happened to make her late. she’s been looking forward to this presentation ceremony for weeks now, waiting for the moment she’d finally have a family. do you honestly think she’d voluntarily be late showing up to it????

Okay sorry, rant over. I just get really heated over this. But anyways yeah, the archeologists are amazing and I seriously love them. Any time Rono is there, you know things are gonna be entertaining lmao. I loved everyone’s conversations with each other during the Carrington Event in the first book. The jokes were hilarious, and it was interesting seeing Dig Site Command being so casual.

One of my favourite parts was when Dig Site Command asks if there are any other foundation courses stuck at the dig site aside from Achilles 1, and Rono calls in like “This is Cassandra 2″ and before he can even say anything Dig Site Command cuts him off like “You can’t fool me Rono, we know full well you aren’t a Foundation course.”

I love that all the archeologists are like a super tight-knit family! Off-world archeologists are, like, basically the only norms that are completely unfazed by the Handicapped and look at them as normal humans. I love how absolutely furious the Eden Dig Site teams were in Earth Star when that bigoted scientist insulted Jarra on live television. 

And as for Jarra digging out Jaxon on a dig site, I feel like it would be an interesting thought.

I know military training teams work on the fringe dig sites occasionally, but I feel like Jarra would have been too young to have been tag-leading for one of Jaxon’s teams since there’s such a big age difference between them, but I can see her maybe being there with her school history club and watching from the sidelines. They wouldn’t have seen each other’s faces because they’d both be in impact suits, and Jarra wouldn’t recognize Jaxon’s name because she doesn’t know she has a brother at that point. But just the thought of it happening is really compelling, the fact that they could have been so close, and still were unable to meet. 

Just imagine if Jaxon, after being dug out, is relatively uninjured and is looking around at the team that had saved him, and he sees a really tiny figure in an impact suit standing on the clearway, and he’s surprised. They can’t be more than 10 or 11. Then he looks down at the name that’s displayed on the front of the suit, and it says “Jarra” and he stops breathing. He knows that hospital Earth uses the same database as the Military does to name their wards, so logically it’s far more likely for this to be someone completely different, but this little Jarra is the same age as his baby sister, and it tears at the scab on his heart, because he’s had years now to regret his selfishness, and he wishes desperately that she really was his Jarra, so he could tell her just how loved she is, so he could tell her how many people miss her.

[mybeautifulboness]

tag game

Thanks for tagging me @studycocoon

Rules: Answer the questions and tag 15 people you’d like to know better

Relationship status: Very single lol

Favorite colors: Lavender, pastel blue, and yellow

Lipstick or chapstick: Chapstick 100% I have like 6 different chapsticks

Three favorite foods: Bread, cheesecake, and enchiladas 

Song stuck in my head: Ladylike/ WATTA BITCH by The Regrettes

Last song I listened to: Seashore by The Regrettes

Last movie I watched: Either Thor: Ragnarok or Moana

Top 3 TV shows: Brooklyn Nine-Nine, Grey’s Anatomy, and The Office

Book I’m currently reading: David and Goliath- Underdogs, Misfits, And the Art of Battling Giants by Malcolm Gladwell (I have to read it for school but it’s not that bad and brings up a lot of interesting concepts)  

Last thing I googled: Places that hire at 16 

Time: 10:55am

How many blankets do you sleep with: In the summer- 0-1 In the winter- 2-3 

Dream trip: Backpacking around Europe

Anything you want: I really love how some brands are going eco-friendly but I think more popular YouTubers also influence people to try to go eco-friendly

Tagging: @sarah-tea-studies @studybllog @study-sarahh @archeolgy @gardenofnotes @studynine @inayastudies @captainradstudies @alimastudies @catstudyblr @mochi-studies @saraseducation @getstudying @gemsttudiess @studentdiaries

[etoileetudie]

Hey there!!!

Hi everyone!! After admiring the studyblr community from the shadows for awhile I’ve decided to create my own studyblr :-) So heres a little bit about me...

I’m not sure if I’m comfortable sharing my name yet, so I can just be called T until then ^_^. I’m 16 years old, from Australia, and currently in Year 11. I’ll be sitting my HSC in October 2018 (yikes!!!).

The subjects I’m taking are:

- Geography (accelerated, so I’m sitting my HSC for it this year)

- Legal Studies

- English

- English Extension 

- Biology

- Chemistry

- Maths

My favourite subject is probably geography, though I find legal studies and biology pretty interesting, and my least favourite is definitely maths, then chemistry. 

I’m still pretty unsure at this point, but when I graduate, I’m interested in doing a combined law degree with international studies or maybe finance or business. My dream job would be to work as a diplomat or for the UN or other international agency. Pretty big dreams aha, but hopefully not unachievable 😬😬. 

I’ve started this studyblr to boost my motivation and drive to study and be productive, as seeing other peoples beautiful notes gives me the kick I need to go make my own :-). It’s also so useful to see other peoples methods and tips and resources to be productive, and with Yr 12 looming around the corner I could definitely use some help in that regard. Overall, this community just seems so nice and supportive of each other, and I thought it would be nice to be a part of that. 

My main hobby is reading; I love books set in courts with like royal scandals and political manoeuvrings and everyone trying to take everyone else down, but they have to be sneaky because, you know, they’re in a court, which is a weirdly specific niche, I know :-P. I also love books about heists (another weirdly specific genre). My favourite book at the moment is definitely the Six of Crows duology, I’ve read them a billion times over and I’m still not bored :-D. 

I’ve been inspired by quite a number of studyblrs: @athxnasdaughtxr, @smallstudyblring, @emmastudies, @juliasacads, @vera-studies, @studyblr,  @studyengz, @celestiallessons, @studytherin , @studyquill, @archeolgy, @bee-studies, @gentlestudying, @studyingandmemes, @studyforwhatmatters, @bluelahe and @sneaky-studies are some of the main ones who really inspire me :-)

So yeah, I hope I can find a place in the studyblr community and wow I just realised how long this post is, if you’ve bothered to read this far thanks so much :-)))). It would be super great to meet people in this community and be an active part of it, so please, have no hesitations in just randomly messaging me if you want a new friend, I’d love to get to know you!

(Also random side note, but I’m planning to start a bullet journal around the end of September/ early October when I go into yr 12, so if anyone has any recommendations for supplies that are available in Australia and aren’t too expensive (since I’m lowkey broke ahaha), please let me know :-))

[jimivaey]

Gunmen Kidnap GERMAN Archeolgy Researchers In Kaduna

Gunmen Kidnap GERMAN Archeolgy Researchers In Kaduna

A set of researchers from Germany have been kidnapped by some yet to be identified gunmen in Kaduna State. The two German archeologists were kidnapped in Jajela village, Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State. This was disclosed by the spokesperson for the Kaduna State Police Command, Aliyu Usman. READ ALSO:UNILORIN Lecturers Land In Trouble For WHISTLE-BLOWINGHe confirmed the…

[the-evil-pizza]

@miyukomatsuda apparently british archeolgy isn't very good.

RIP to our extinct british friends 

[flgzx]

【真相网2017.7.19】人是从哪来的？当你不屑于东西方神话传说中神用泥土造人的故事时，你也许在坚信着达尔文的〝进化论〞，但事实上科学家们已经一次又一次的颠覆〝进化论〞的所谓证据！

达尔文的人从猴子进化的理论只是一种假设。

人到底是不是猴子变的，多少年来争论不休。现在翻开达尔文曾经说过的话，就会大吃一惊：达尔文自己已经有了结论!当年达尔文提出进化论时，生物对他来说好比是黑匣子，他完全不明白生物在分子层面的精密组织，以为细胞非常简单，很容易从无生命的物质演化而来。

对于推算出来的理论，达尔文本人也不是底气十足，所以他才说：〝如果可以证明有任何复杂器官不可能通过无数、持续、微小的改变形成的话，我的理论将绝对失败。〞

九十年代中期，电子显微镜及生化技术的发展，让科学家们在镜头下看到了生命的基本单元〝细胞〞是那么复杂而不可思议，用肉眼就能证明达尔文理论的失败。

达尔文的时代没有电子显微镜，生化技术也不够发达。如果他能活到九十年代，他自己就会站出来说：对不起，我那套理论纯粹误导世界，请赶快抛弃它。

在达尔文发表《物种起源》之时，他对自己理论的疑惑可以从一个牵强的例子中透露出来。在《物种起源》的第一版中，达尔文用了一个大胆的设想，认为一种熊可以下到水中，变成水生动物，最后变成像鲸那样巨大的生物。所以他讲，只要有足够的时间，通过自然选择，熊也可以变成鲸。在以后的修订版中，达尔文把这个说法去掉了。但有趣的是，他的这个一个物种可以变成另一个物种的观点，却被进化论者一直奉为圣经般不可动摇，俨然当成了真理。

然而，严谨的学者清楚：接受的人多，并不能把一个假说成为真理，真理需要严密的推理和无可辩驳的证据，这正是进化论所缺乏的。

1、暴露的问题被掩盖了

1880年，美国加利福尼亚的太波山下出土了许多精巧的石器工具，鉴定后确认这是5500万年前的遗迹，完全打破了进化论里人类进化的体系。然而，这个惊人的发现很快被莫名其妙地〝淡忘〞了。当盛行的理论受到冲击时，人们总是不愿意怀疑自己的信仰，即便面对事实也要怀疑或者不愿理睬。

1966年，墨西哥的霍亚勒克出土了一批铁矛，美国地质学家麦金泰尔博士奉命去鉴定。她用了两种方法测定了铁矛的年代，得到了同样的结果：距今25万年。这个违背进化论的结果实在让科学界无法接受。一个欧洲学者迫于各方面的压力，改成了人们愿意接受的年代。而麦金泰尔，这位在国际上有一定声望的教授，却从此失去了在相关领域里工作的一切机会。

已故的考古学家阿曼塔也遭遇了类似的命运。他在墨西哥的普瑞拉瓦城发现了一个史前动物的颌骨，里面有一块残破的铁矛的矛头，鉴定发现是26万年前的武器。一些刊物公布了这个不寻常的发现，但很快招来了权威们不作任何调查的批判，阿曼塔的事业也从此被扼杀了。

这类事件还有不少。好像一些人总在维护着过去的东西，他们可以凭经验否定事实。少数人的权威言论，代替了公众的思考。权威们造成的科学舆论，成了先入为主的思维框框，公众很难了解实际情况，只有无条件接受权威的观点——科学在这里成了一种信仰。

七鳃鳗是至今少数仅存的无颌类脊椎鱼形动物之一，关于内蒙古出土的七鳃鳗化石新研究引起人们关注，七鳃鳗发育阶段在数亿年间没有变化，引起科学家极大兴趣。

内蒙古发现的七鳃鳗化石可以追溯至1.25亿年前的早白垩世晚期，是首例展示了七鳃鳗预变态和变态阶段的化石记录。七鳃鳗是典型的寄生生物，对研究脊椎动物的演化有重要作用。在郁郁葱葱的早白垩世时期，淡水湖泊覆盖着内蒙古，完好保存了七鳃鳗化石。七鳃鳗（Lamprey）的生长分为三个阶段：幼体期、变态期、成体期。

美国堪萨斯大学的研究员发现，今天的七鳃鳗与1.25亿年前的发育阶段及形态特征和生活习性并无多大差异。华裔研究员苗德岁博士说：〝古代七鳃鳗的发育阶段几乎和今天的七鳃鳗是相同的，在此之前，我们不知道它的变态期历史有多久。现在我们知道至少距今1.25亿年前已经如此。〞

七鳃鳗并不是唯一在亿万年间无演变的物种，科学家已经发现了一些动植物在几亿年间的不变，如亿年前传花粉的蜜蜂、近2亿年无进化的蕨类植物、4亿年交配习性不变的腔棘鱼。这些不曾变化的物种用进化论是难以解释的，为什么它们拒绝进化？

随着时间的推移，进化论暴露的问题越来越多。一些进化论学者开始反戈一击，他们根据事实对进化论谨慎地提出了疑问，自然毫无例外地招来了经验性的批判。但是，事实毕竟是事实，理论的困惑，永远吸引着每一个探求真理的人。 2、进化论的三大证据相继破灭

进化论有三大经典证据：比较解剖学、古生物学和胚胎发育的重演律，可是近年来的研究使得它们相继瓦解了。

比较解剖学，暴露了进化论的逻辑错误——循环论证。

科学上，如果一个理论的证明违背逻辑，这个理论就不能成立，但是人们对进化论的逻辑错误却没有深究，也是因为深究起来，就没有证据可言了。例如用比较解剖学来论证进化，形象地说就是：〝如果人是猿进化来的，人和猿就会有许多相近的特征；因为人和猿有许多近似之处，所以人就是猿进化来的。〞懂逻辑的人都知道这种循环论证毫无意义。这种似是而非的〝证明〞贯穿于进化论所有的证据之中。

人们盲从地接受了它。胚胎发育重演律，逻辑上不能立足，理论上禁不起推敲，事实上是一个观察错误。

19世纪，德国的海克尔提出了重演律学说，认为高等生物胚胎发育会重现该物种进化的过程。其实重演律本身就是假说，这个假设就成了进化论的重要证据：如果进化存在，胚胎发育的〝重演现象〞很像在反映进化的过程；因为有重演现象，进化就是存在的。这不但运用无意义的循环论证，而且掩盖了最关键的一点：谁也不明白〝重演现象〞和进化有什么关系，硬说成是因果关系。

其实，重演律是在生物学还很不发达的时候提出的假说，随着遗传学的出现和分子生物学的发展，特别是对基因的深入研究，重演论失去了理论依据。既然过去的基因已经突变成新基因了，怎么还重现过去的特征呢？就重演律本身，古生物学家古尔德也指出了该理论的致命缺陷，这些已是共识了。

现在，很多学者证明��重演律是一个观察错误。德国人类胚胎学家布莱赫施密特（Erich Blechschmidt）所着的《人的生命之始》（The Beginnings of Human Life）一书中，以详尽的资料证明人的胎儿开始就都是人的结构，例如以前认为胎儿早期出现的像鱼一样的〝鳃裂〞，实际是胎儿脸上的皱褶，完全是人脸的结构，被硬说成〝鳃裂〞。胎儿在9毫米左右，身体下端的突起好像是尾巴，其实没有任何尾巴的结构特征，那是一条中空的神经管。它发育较快，向阻力小的方向生长，暂时向末端突出，很快就平复了。而且它是有重要作用的，根本就不是残迹器官。

对罕见的畸形病：毛孩和长尾巴的小孩，进化论认为那是人祖先的特征。要按这么推理，没有大脑的畸形更多，那人的祖先就没有大脑了？先天肢体残缺的、多长手指、脚趾的也常见，那么人的肢体就是从各种畸形进化来的？跳出进化论的思想框框一想，就会发现所谓的〝返祖现象〞只是畸形或缺陷而已，是基因畸变的反映，和人类祖先联系在一起毫无道理。

古生物学上，至今没有找到确凿的证据——进化中的过渡类型。如果进化存在，必然存在进化过程中物种之间的过渡类型，否则进化就是谬论。

在逻辑上，过渡类型的化石也就成了进化论的三大证据之一。而事实上，这方面并没有确凿的证据可用，达尔文等人猜想20世纪会找到明确的证据，也就是当时用〝猜想〞作了证据——这又是极不严肃的。事实又是怎样呢？直到现在，发掘出的化石不计其数，禁得起推敲和鉴定的证据还没有一例。

在从猿到人的问题上，寻找过渡物种〝类猿人〞，早就列入了科学的〝十大悬案〞。数次宣布的人类始祖，很快就被否定了。例如1892年发现的人和猿之间的过渡化石〝嘉伯人〞，是一块猿的头骨和相距40英呎的一根人的腿骨拼凑出来的。学术界否定了〝嘉伯人〞，科教方面却还在宣传。直到1984年〝嘉伯人〞才被新发现的猿人化石〝露茜〞代替。

但后来的鉴定中，〝露茜〞也被大部分学者否定了，科学家已经确定了〝露茜〞是一种绝种的猿，和人无关。6具〝始祖鸟化石〞的相继问世，轰动了世界，成为鸟类和爬行动物之间过渡物种的典范。后来鉴定出5具是人造的，剩下的1具坚决拒绝任何鉴定。最初的〝发现者〞坦白了造假的原因之一：太信仰进化论了，就造出了最有力的证据。而教科书中，对始祖鸟和〝露茜〞还是不予更正，公众也就不知真相了。

假如进化存在，过渡类型化石就应该很容易找到，为什么没有呢？大家沿用达尔文的解释：化石记录不完全。深入一想：化石的形成是普遍和随机的，为什么单单漏掉了过渡类型呢？《审判达尔文》一书的作者约翰逊(Philip Johnson）做了这样的总结：〝化石向我们展示的都是突然出现的某种有机体，没有逐步进化的任何痕迹……这些有机体一旦出现，基本上就不再变了，哪怕过了几百万年，不管气候和环境如何变化。如果达尔文的理论成立，这些条件本应该引起物种的巨大变化。〞

3、现代进化论在理论上的致命错误

如果一个理论是正确的，从不同的角度出发，都能证实其真理性，而且不同方面的证明互为补充。相对论的证明和证明基因是DNA分子正是这样。而进化论却相反：各个学说之间有着根本的对立，分歧之大是绝无仅有的。

可能古尔德举的这个例子能很形象地揭示原因：〝布林顿（D.G.Brinton）1890年的研究指出：黑人是低等的，因为他们保留着幼年的特征；博克（L.Bolk）1926年的研究宣称：黑人是低等的，因为他们的发育超越了白种人保留的幼年的特征。〞为什么矛盾的论据会支持同样的观点呢？因为他们在为一种错误的信仰找根据，而不是根据事实得出科学的结论。这里暴露的也正是进化论的问题。

再从一般的角度讲，如果一个理论在根本上有自相矛盾的地方，而且与某些已被验证的定理矛盾，科学的严谨性是不能容忍它立足的。下面的几点致命问题，足以否定进化论了：

概率计算表明，生物进化的可能性小到了绝对不可能的程度。现代进化论从基因水平解释进化，这是达尔文时代无法想像的。基因不发生根本的改变，一切表面的变化对进化都没有意义。也就是说，进化必须以基因进化为基础。现代进化论用基因随机突变假说解释进化的根本原因。值得注意的是，在数学公式和模型普遍应用于生物学领域的今天，进化论者从来没有提出公式，计算基因突变机制实现进化的机率，因为任何一个合理的公式都会否定进化。

许多学者从概率上证明了现代进化论的错误，贝希（Behe,M.J.）的《达尔文的黑匣子》(Darwin`s Black Box)一书，多处从生命结构的复杂精密性否定了进化的可能。

按照一年繁殖10代，种群个体数为1000，相应的进化所需要的时间极为宽松的计算也需要10106年。目前科学认为宇宙中所有基本粒子总数只有1070个，宇宙年龄只有200亿（2×1010年），进化一个新物种的时间，是宇宙的年龄的自乘10亿次，足见进化是绝不可能的。

无数实践证明：品种的变化和新物种的产生是两回事。达尔文把一个物种内部的变化推广到所有生物物种的进化，比如狗可以培养出许多品种，那么猴子也能这样进化成人。这种推测本身就大有问题。实践的结果都在否定达尔文的这个猜想。育种专家都知道，一个物种的变化范围是有限的。最终，培育出的品种不是不育，就是又变成原来的亲本。

现代进化论对于进化的速度问题，理论和事实自相矛盾，生物从低等到高等，在纵向上、整体上看，基因突变发生的速度越来越慢，突变个体的自然存活能力越来越低，那么进化速度就应该越来越慢。而进化论领域公认：在地质历史上，纵向上看，新生物出现的速度越来越快，呈现明显的加速进化趋势。

〝进化时间表〞掩盖了大量反面事例，化石展示了周期性灾变的历史。生物进化时间表是在化石资料很有限的情况下，为证明进化论而编成的，本身错误很多，如鸟类出现的时间是根据造假的始祖鸟来的。随着后来化石出土得越来越多，大量与进化论相背的事例不断出现，但是因为这些发现不可理解就给压制住了。如果按时间顺序排列古生物学的全部发现，得到的结果足以否定进化论了。考古学家克莱默和汤姆森（Michael A.Cremo&RichardThompson）的《考古学禁区》(Forbidden Archeolgy)一书，列举了500个确凿的与进化论相背的事例，那是几万、几十万、百万、几万甚至几亿年前的人类文明遗迹。

考古学家朱伊特（Y.Druet）在法国的一块石灰岩层中发现了一些不同型号的金属管，岩层的年龄是6500万年。在美国德克萨斯州拉克西河岸的岩层中，在恐龙脚印化石旁边发现了12具人的脚印化石。同一地层中又发现了人的手指化石和一把铁鎚，鎚柄已经变成了煤，足见其年代的古老。鎚头含有96.6%的铁、0.74%的硫、2.6%的氯，这是一种现在都不可能造出来的合金。最远可追溯到28亿年前的几百个精巧的金属球，20亿年前的大型核反应堆，其结构也比今天还先进。

许多学者猜测那个反应堆是外星人的遗迹，那么2万年前的古代神庙显然是地球人的建筑，它体现的天文学知识和冶金技术也超出了现代人；而发现的25万年前的铁制武器又展示出一个不太发达的人类文明，著名的美国Science杂志98年（282卷1453～1459）刊登了一系列考古发现：1.5万年前的人像、2.3万年前的人像、3万年前用猛獁象牙雕刻的马、9万年前带��钩的矛。我们知道，我们人类的文明从蒙昧时期发展到今天的辉煌，只用了5千年左右。这些间隔久远古迹的排序，不正代表了不同时期的文明吗？这样的例子数不胜数。

但事实也告诉人们：人类的文明也遵循着这样一条规律：〝出生——发展——灭亡〞。跳出进化论的框框，就会发现化石实际是对进化论的反戈一击。化石不是一般条件下能形成的，生物在腐烂风化前必须埋在地下很深，在强大的压力下才能渐渐变成化石。只有大灾变才能提供这样的条件，化石也就成了灾难的见证。地层中化石的研究恰恰告诉人们：物种的发展是很短时间内大面积突然出现的，发展繁荣，再到大毁灭，残留的和新出现的物种再这样发展，周而复始。

地球周期性灾变的直接证明非常多。在西伯利亚的冻土中，发现了冰冻的成千上万的哺乳动物的遗骸。有的很完整，有的被扯碎和树干绞在一起。检测它们胃里的食物，发现了还没来得及消化的毛茛草。活生生的事实告诉人们，那里曾是温和地带的草原，极短时间内，发生这场毁灭性的灾难。哈普古德（Charles H.Hapgood）认为：极短的时间内，板块发生了几千英里的移动，把西伯利亚带到了今天的位置。

当然，还可能是其它大灾变的原因。哈普古德教授发现了费纳乌斯（Oronteus Finaeus）在1532年根据史料绘制的世界地图，它显示了冰层以下的南极洲，当把它与现代测到的南极洲冰层以下的面貌叠在一起的时候，惊人的相似。在君士坦丁堡（Constantinople）还发现了1513年皮瑞・雷斯（A.PiriReis）综合史料绘制的非洲和南美洲的海岸地图及南极洲地图，精确到半个经度，这比在人类能够在海上确定位置早250年。显然，这是上一期人类文明的遗迹。而且，那个文明时期，南极洲没有冰雪覆盖。

4、人类忘记了过去

至此，谁还要维护进化论的信仰呢？其实现在，很多理智的科学家也承认进化论是一个不能证明的信仰，因为没有新理论，所以只能用它；而反对它就会弄得身败名裂，这样引火烧身的例子也不少。许多科学家为进化论奋斗几十年，越研究越发现进化的飘渺。

有人像牛顿、爱因斯坦一样，最终醒悟，去宗教中寻找答案。新西兰遗传学家但顿（Michael Denton）在《出现危机的理论：进化论》一书中坦白地说：〝达尔文的进化论是二十世纪最大的谎言。〞

进化论不仅误导了整个生物学，而且误导了心理学、伦理学和哲学等许多领域，误导了人类文明的发展。它给人类文明造成的潜在的祸害，是触目惊心的：它让人把宗教和道德善恶视为欺骗、败坏精神寄托和道德制约；它告诉人们弱肉强食，适者生存，在竞争中采取各种手段发展自己；让人们相信反传统、反潮流的畸变可能出现更进化的、更好的结果；它让人相信人是动物的后裔，让人相信人的本性来源于动物；西方心理学进一步发展认为：人的欲望是人最本质的本性，甚至是进化出来的最好的本性，为物欲横流和伦理的败坏从科学上解除了约束，这种宣传已经充斥了社会的方方面面。种种这类败坏的因素渗透进现代常人社会的一切，潜在地推动了人类道德的滑坡。

人们一心进化自己，一面放纵地发展着自己，一面在紧张的竞争和顾虑中生存，越来越自私，当自私欲望得不到满足时，各种不道德的行为和犯罪愈演愈烈了。人们失去了理解和信任，在社会上失去了安全感。短暂的享受和荣耀，换取着无可挽回的一切：道德滑坡、心理畸变、利欲膨胀、两极分化、怪病丛生、无休止的竞争、社会的畸形发展、资源的耗竭、环境的污染、惨烈的战争等等。失去了道德的约束，人们失控发展私欲，造成了无可挽回的一切。如今恐怕到了必须破除进化论的迷信的时候了。

我们应该正视那些被进化论掩盖了的真实的历史。无数辉煌的文明消失了，能看到的只是零星的残迹，在我们的记忆中，只记得柏拉图时代留下的传说：发达的亚特兰帝斯文明葬身海底。迄今可见的史前人类文明，埃及的金字塔、玻利维亚的古城帝华纳科（Tiahuaracu）、秘鲁萨克塞华曼（Sacsayhuaman）城堡也许是杰出的代表了。这些巨石建筑体现了一个天文、建筑、冶金等技术超过现代人的文明。他们留下的遥远的传说，以及世界各地的传说，为什么在文明毁灭的原因上惊人的一致？今天的人们却忘记了古人的启示，甚至凭藉进化论自居，认为古人愚昧。

──转自《看中国》

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