#constant flow

[swagging-back-to]

i dont trust people who dont cry at rue's death and the immediate revolt afterwards

[aquariuminfobureau]

People misunderstand flow in our reef tanks, and the needs of corals for said flow. Different coral species, and colonies, possess different needs of flow. Primarily the flow is considered in terms of powerhead turnover, although its effects are really localised throughout the aquarium, and it is inevitable that not all areas of a reef tank will receive the same flow. In all reef and fish only tanks, the turnover of the water through the pumps, should be at least ten times the total aquarium (not system) volume per hour. For the average, mixed reef tank, a flow twenty and thirty times the volume per hour is more appropriate, though this oversimplifies the very important matter.

Because it is an inexact matter, I will suggest rules of thumb, for determining how much flow a coral is receiving. Low flow would be enough, for example, to ruffle large, fleshy polyps such as those of Discosoma colonies, and the mantles of Tridacna clams. High flow would cause much swaying in soft, tree- or finger-like morphs of soft corals, such as gorgonians. Moderate flow would produce a pretty, 'dancing' effect on corals with long tentacles, such as torch corals. Despite what people sometimes think, it actually is possible to have too much flow, when stony coral polyps begin hitting their own skeletons, or simply fail to expand normally. Knowing the appropriate location by its exposure to flow, is in fact an intuitive and observational matter, not something helped by any test kits.

But what is flow to a coral? Corals are behaviorally simple, sessile animals, and they rely on their environment to bring them their foods, and remove their secreted wastes. Because corals adapt to local conditions, and this is reflected in their growth forms, the needs of a specific coral may depend more on the circumstances of its life history, or how it has grown, than its precise taxonomic identity. Though no coral is infinitely plastic, and some species are definitely more adjustable than are others. As a rule of thumb, corals such as many Acropora and Montipora species should be sourced as 'frags' to adjust without having already adjusted their growth habit to specific conditions elsewhere.

A constant and unyielding flow, or a combination of high and direct flow, can distress corals, even those favoring or demanding of high flow. It should be remembered that flow is potentially something dangerous to coral, and can tear or otherwise physically damage coral flesh. Therefore, flow should be neither too high nor too low, for even those corals regarded as high or low flow varieties. What is appropriate care may be determined by observing similar coral in aquariums where they are healthy.

The most basic form of flow is the output of standard power filters and power heads, known as constant or laminar flow. This jargon refers to the simple, unidirectional blasts of water flow these pumps produce in the aquarium. In itself this is not the most interesting, exciting, or useful form of flow for corals or their aquarist admirers. Nonetheless, it is possible to make creative flow effects, by positioning laminar pumps thoughtfully in the tank,and this can be achieved with a low budget.

Such an effect is the creation of surge flow, which is when water is moved to and from, in a semi-constant pattern - as in the effects of wave action in the 'surge zone', high on the reef slope. Surge can easily be simulated in the aquarium, by regulating the timing of pumps, positioned at opposite ends of an aquarium. Whereas gyre flow refers to robust, circular motions of circulating water, as are best provided and sustained using a special 'gyre pump', rather than standard powerhead designs.

Turbulent, random, or chaotic flow describes the phenomenon of unstable, unfixed directional flow, that is created when flow from two sources comes together. Creating turbulence using powerheads is much preferable than merely using them to create only laminar flow. It is worth pointing out the existence of so-called 'Japanese style SPS tanks', in which coral colonies considered to demand a regime of high flow, are grown in a 'low' turnover of 'only' around thirty times the tank volume per hour.

In such setups the positioning of ordinary powerheads, which generate laminar flow, is low down near the bottom of the tank. Such a thoughtful positioning of the pumps is chosen, because it optimises the turbulence of the overall water circulation, and somewhat creates a gyre-like effect. The flow is directed so as to travel up the tank walls then along the surface, before circulating through the aquarium. Thus the flow is good, without being as 'high' as it sounds, when it is measured simplistically as turnover per hour.

[skunkes]

today's doodles during my employment roleplay (volunteering)

This is paul rubens floral watercolors on talens art creation sketchbook, with a kuretake zig compact medium waterbrush ^_^ lines are tombow fudenosuke

[shkika]

thoughts on watcher if you've had time to play it?

im so happy you're here we welcome you!- rough wip

rambling in the tags about the dlc!

[piierogis]

fastfood worker javert burning his apron on the frier

Romeo and Juliet AU. Julvert

[incorrect-hs-quotes]

Roxy: people r always tryin to humanize dracula an hes always tryin to draculize humans

[salllltie]

Day 29: Happy Mutation Day!

Donnie doesnt even care for the cake, he is just pissed at Mikey. Raph feels betrayed bc Mikey started without him. Leo is just trying to keep Mikey alive. Mikey is head empty, mouth full

[i-really-like-phrogs]

I heard you're not feeling the best, I hope you feel better soon! ❤️❤️❤️

Bj went out frog catching so you have a buddy while you recover

I do not draw frogs often 😅

Has someone told you how incredibly awesome you are today? Well let me jump in and add to it— Thank you so much for your beautiful heart and incredible doodles! This absolutely made me feel so much better already, thank you so much! (I’d give you, BJ, and this little guy all three the BIGGEST of hugs, but I don’t want you catching it.) Don’t worry, I’m making sure this little guy has a mask to keep him healthy, and we are ribbiting together about how wonderful you are!

Thank you so much for this random act of kindness, I cannot tell you what it means. You’ve made my world a little brighter today. :)💕❤️

[aholefilledwithtwigs]

I have discovered a personal hell. Timed online courses with time minimums

[themintman]

Please share the Sims I would be so gracious 🙏

erm I wasn't sure if you meant post them to Tumblr or actually make the Sims public so imma do both.

They definitely aren't perfect but I tried my best!!

And, ofc, here is my account so you can find them. Sorry for the keyboard smash name this is my dad's account from like seven years ago I'm trying to change it 😭

the title is just "Jack and Nurm"

Uhh I used stuff from the packs below, idk if it'll let you download them without these but if it does just change the missing traits/clothes:

Island living

Cats & dogs

Realm of Magic

Holiday celebration

Erm so like yeah!! If anything is inaccurate or you think something would work better feel free to change it! I tried to make them accurate to how I see them, but tbf I do sometimes mix up headcannon and cannon, misinterpret stuff etc, plus it was tricky trying to decide on aspirations n such, there's no "legendary adventurer" or "cartography" themed traits to my knowledge lmao

[h0nkshroom]

Making soup and scrolling tumblr at the same time, hands full so I have to like posts with my nose

[crows-of-buckets]

Being a genshin fan who is in love with timelines is so frustrating. A million and a half contradictions be upon ye

[iamgriefer7]

Dear god let me finish writing this fic before the draft gets deleted

[clfixationstation]

I can see Armin's Grandfather putting modern au Armin into debate club to force him to socialize, where he would be become an absolute menace. People would dread being paired against him

[vanillaboyfriend]

Episode 200 was very good

what ive seen so far has been good :) ive only been watching it while eating breakfast so however many breakfasts it's been is what ive seen

[chemicahs]

It’s never too late to start reading again even if you always try and fail and think you don’t have enough time or attention span. Just keep trying and eventually it might stick