#medium flow

[aquariuminfobureau]

People misunderstand flow in our reef tanks, and the needs of corals for said flow. Different coral species, and colonies, possess different needs of flow. Primarily the flow is considered in terms of powerhead turnover, although its effects are really localised throughout the aquarium, and it is inevitable that not all areas of a reef tank will receive the same flow. In all reef and fish only tanks, the turnover of the water through the pumps, should be at least ten times the total aquarium (not system) volume per hour. For the average, mixed reef tank, a flow twenty and thirty times the volume per hour is more appropriate, though this oversimplifies the very important matter.

Because it is an inexact matter, I will suggest rules of thumb, for determining how much flow a coral is receiving. Low flow would be enough, for example, to ruffle large, fleshy polyps such as those of Discosoma colonies, and the mantles of Tridacna clams. High flow would cause much swaying in soft, tree- or finger-like morphs of soft corals, such as gorgonians. Moderate flow would produce a pretty, 'dancing' effect on corals with long tentacles, such as torch corals. Despite what people sometimes think, it actually is possible to have too much flow, when stony coral polyps begin hitting their own skeletons, or simply fail to expand normally. Knowing the appropriate location by its exposure to flow, is in fact an intuitive and observational matter, not something helped by any test kits.

But what is flow to a coral? Corals are behaviorally simple, sessile animals, and they rely on their environment to bring them their foods, and remove their secreted wastes. Because corals adapt to local conditions, and this is reflected in their growth forms, the needs of a specific coral may depend more on the circumstances of its life history, or how it has grown, than its precise taxonomic identity. Though no coral is infinitely plastic, and some species are definitely more adjustable than are others. As a rule of thumb, corals such as many Acropora and Montipora species should be sourced as 'frags' to adjust without having already adjusted their growth habit to specific conditions elsewhere.

A constant and unyielding flow, or a combination of high and direct flow, can distress corals, even those favoring or demanding of high flow. It should be remembered that flow is potentially something dangerous to coral, and can tear or otherwise physically damage coral flesh. Therefore, flow should be neither too high nor too low, for even those corals regarded as high or low flow varieties. What is appropriate care may be determined by observing similar coral in aquariums where they are healthy.

The most basic form of flow is the output of standard power filters and power heads, known as constant or laminar flow. This jargon refers to the simple, unidirectional blasts of water flow these pumps produce in the aquarium. In itself this is not the most interesting, exciting, or useful form of flow for corals or their aquarist admirers. Nonetheless, it is possible to make creative flow effects, by positioning laminar pumps thoughtfully in the tank,and this can be achieved with a low budget.

Such an effect is the creation of surge flow, which is when water is moved to and from, in a semi-constant pattern - as in the effects of wave action in the 'surge zone', high on the reef slope. Surge can easily be simulated in the aquarium, by regulating the timing of pumps, positioned at opposite ends of an aquarium. Whereas gyre flow refers to robust, circular motions of circulating water, as are best provided and sustained using a special 'gyre pump', rather than standard powerhead designs.

Turbulent, random, or chaotic flow describes the phenomenon of unstable, unfixed directional flow, that is created when flow from two sources comes together. Creating turbulence using powerheads is much preferable than merely using them to create only laminar flow. It is worth pointing out the existence of so-called 'Japanese style SPS tanks', in which coral colonies considered to demand a regime of high flow, are grown in a 'low' turnover of 'only' around thirty times the tank volume per hour.

In such setups the positioning of ordinary powerheads, which generate laminar flow, is low down near the bottom of the tank. Such a thoughtful positioning of the pumps is chosen, because it optimises the turbulence of the overall water circulation, and somewhat creates a gyre-like effect. The flow is directed so as to travel up the tank walls then along the surface, before circulating through the aquarium. Thus the flow is good, without being as 'high' as it sounds, when it is measured simplistically as turnover per hour.

[fuckyeahfluiddynamics]

Exciting a Flame in a Trough

A viewer sent Steve Mould his accidental discovery of this odd flame behavior. In these 3D-printed troughs, a flame lit in lighter fluid will rocket around the track repeatedly as it burns the local supply of gaseous lighter fluid. (Video and image credit: S. Mould) Read the full article

[nyssasatelier]

Epic animatic update :

I'm still suffering

I kind of hate this actually

[likesdoodling]

Been doing some sketching lately~ I have the Silmarillion on the brain~

This last one is evidence of the sad fact of smudging that occurs with soft lead in a well travelled sketchbook~

(which I could fix by removing the page or applying setting spray, but I haven't bothered 😅)

Also-

That one with Maedhros standing next to a young lady with hobbit on her other side- is from when I was reading through What the hell is happening? By Leader_in_red? And I was thinking 'what would the height difference actually be? If Maedhros is 7 ft tall, Hazel is normal human height, and then we have hobbits in the mix-

Anyway,

I don't think I got the heights quite right, but it was fun trying to imagine just how insanely tall Maedhros actually is. (he's not weirdly tall by elf standards if you look at the elf average height which is around six feet, but still. I like height differences. It's just so fun to draw :)

I think 'Leader in red' was the username. If it isn't I'll just edit this later :)

[vaguely-concerned]

*fully sweating bullets and thousand yard staring into space as the king of hearts starts to talk about losing the person you love and what you'd be willing to do to get them back* this better not be fUCKING thematic foreshadowing for what this story is meant to head towards eventually (I say, with little hope and great trepidation). we're just going to be thematically microdosing on that in the main krew right folks. no one's going to be lost forever. right??!?!

(though I must admit that the idea of some of them dying and being brough back because that is someone else's heart's desire -- because 'what would even be the point of being given anything else, if you aren't here with me' -- would render me fully incapable of being normal ever again and forever goodnight)

[polari]

they dont even know about the animated series it adaptation that has been living in my head for half a year…..

[fleshlycolored]

Chat watch me fucking cook im gonna finish a whole sketchbook tonight with the will of the gods and a grapefruit monster

[c0rpseductor]

i love. writng 347 words before bed in the middle of the night and going to bed like oh my god this is bad. its so bd and i forgot how to write and i can never do it again and the girlies on ao3 will kill me. and then you wake up the next morning terrified to read it and it's completely serviceable

[riversfunding]

7 reasons to choose a non-sector-specific lender for your business loan

At Rivers we are quite unusual because we are a non-sector-specific lender. While lots of other lenders limit the industries and assets they're prepared to finance, and others proactively exclude certain sectors considered high risk, such as hospitality, constriction, air conditioning, businesses focused on cigarettes or vapes, and gambling based organisations, we don’t. 

As an independently run SME, Rivers was established to meet the needs of other business owners and their enterprises, understanding that the hard facts of a business are just one part of the story. As a result, we chose to be non-sector-specific, and in broad terms will consider any business for a business loan, as long as they meet our minimum lending criteria.  

Read full blog - https://www.riversfunding.com/news/7-reasons-to-choose-a-non-sector-specific-lender-for-your-business-loan

[aviancataclysm]

today i did yet another practice run on this amidst my demonblock and i decided ive had enough attempts on it, switched to normal mode and 1 att'd it 🥴

total: 416 attempts, i did not make a copy for start position practice this time

gd really IS a mental game

[dahldahlbills]

in case anyone was wondering. podcast writing is Hard

[dreams-and-honor]

@dearly-beeloved

GOD I'M FUCKING SOBBING, YOU'RE SO RIGHT 😭

[bunyalien]

i won’t forgive you

[nicholasandriani]

The truth behind stories, heroines journey, and the war of art: a 1-month plan to pursuing the Artists Journey

Fairy tales are more than true: not because they ” tell us that dragons exist, but because they tell usthat dragons can be beaten. — Neil Gaiman, Coraline In the vast landscape of storytelling, there exists a journey that has captured the imagination of humanity for centuries — the Hero’s Journey. It’s a timeless narrative structure, beautifully explored by Joseph Campbell, that takes our…

[riversfunding]

Chicken and egg: can start-ups get business loans?

In our recent article on debunking business loan myths, we discussed the question of new businesses. Lots of people are under the impression that, as a new business, it's not possible – or at least very difficult - to get a business loan. While it's true that without a financial track record it can be harder to secure borrowings, it doesn't mean you don't qualify for business loans, it just means that there may be different criteria that you need to meet, or you may need to search for the right lender. 

Why is it harder for new businesses to get a business loan? 

New businesses often find it harder to secure a business loan for a number of reasons, all of which make them seem high risk in the eyes of many lenders. 

Read full blog - https://www.riversfunding.com/news/can-start-ups-get-business-loans