#galaxy labs mushrooms

[mrmushiesmushroombars]

Discover the Magic of Galaxy Labs: Premium Psilocybin Chocolate and Mushrooms

The landscape of natural health remedies is constantly evolving, and psilocybin mushrooms have recently stepped into the limelight, recognized not only for their traditional uses but also for their potential in modern medicine and wellness. Among the innovators in this space, Galaxy Labs stands out with its unique product offerings that combine tradition with cutting-edge science.

The Unique Appeal of Psilocybin Products

The therapeutic potential of psilocybin, a psychoactive compound present in specific varieties of mushrooms, has been investigated in relation to a range of mental health conditions, including PTSD and depression. The challenge has always been to deliver this compound in a safe, enjoyable, and controlled manner. This is where Galaxy Labs excels, offering products that are not only effective but also cater to user experience.

The Rise of Galaxy Labs Chocolate Bar and Galaxy Labs Mushrooms

Innovative products like the Galaxy Labs Chocolate Bar and Galaxy Labs Mushrooms are perfect examples of how the company is revolutionizing the way people experience psilocybin. The Galaxy Labs Chocolate Bar integrates psilocybin into a delicious, easy-to-consume format, making it a preferable choice for those new to psychedelics or looking for a more familiar method of ingestion. Similarly, Galaxy Labs Mushrooms are cultivated with the utmost care to ensure quality and consistency, providing a more traditional approach to psilocybin use.

The Benefits of Psilocybin-Infused Chocolate and Mushrooms

Using Galaxy Labs Chocolate Bar offers a discreet and manageable way to explore the benefits of psilocybin, with each bar divided into doses that make it easy to control intake. On the other hand, Galaxy Labs Mushrooms appeal to purists who value the natural aspects of psilocybin consumption. Both products are designed to provide a transformative experience, whether you're seeking therapeutic benefits or personal insight.

Safety, Dosage, and Legal Considerations

As with any product containing psychoactive substances, users must understand the legal status and safety implications of psilocybin. Galaxy Labs is committed to education and transparency, providing extensive information on proper dosages and responsible use to ensure the best possible experience for its users.

Conclusion

As the conversation around psychedelic therapy continues to evolve, companies like Galaxy Labs are leading the charge, making psilocybin accessible in safe, enjoyable, and innovative forms. Whether you're drawn to the practicality of the Galaxy Labs Chocolate Bar or the authenticity of Galaxy Labs Mushrooms, there's no denying the potential these products have to revolutionize wellness. For more information and to explore their product range, visitmrmushiesmushroombars.com.

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[that-one-i-think]

MCD Scifi AU Game Quests! (Part 1)

Given how my scifi au is partially based on video games such as Mass Effect and Starbound (my beloved), I feel that it is only right to add quests and side quests. A way for me to write out the plot in a fun ways. (PLEASE LET ME KNOW YOUR OPINIONS AND IF YOU LIKE I'LL MAKE MORE!)

Main Quest - Molded to Perfection

The S.S. Phoenix Drop are now transporting top researchers of THE RED (otherwise known as the Shadow Knight infection) to what is believed to be its origin planet. Or, they thought they were escorting living researchers when in reality they are escorting the robot drones of Kenmur and Emmalyn, who are piloting them a galaxy away.

They have to protect these million of drones as they navigate the thick red mushroom jungle of planet NETH-35, also known as the Nether planet. This quest will feature the group killing mass amounts of Shadow Knights (The pitch black and blood red zombies) and mold chimeras (the hobbled together pieces of organisms) with few rests in ruins where it will reveal the history of the planet and the start of the infection. It will end with a boss fight of a SHADOW LORD aka a mega chimera. Classic alien boss battle.

Optional Side Quest - May Sparks Fly

After this quest, Kenmur and Emmalyn become semi permanent on the ship and their bots are now possible companions when needing to research. That being said, the crew finds out that they are rather smitten with each other and try to set up a virtual date between the two. it will also provide an exploration of Laurance's past as he and Kenmur grew up together.

Main Quest - Bionic Where Arth Thou

This is an overarching story plot that gets picked up throughout the story. Essentially, the S.S. Phoenix Drop is going to have constant back an forth between Zane and Garroth where Zane sends men to apprehend Garroth and is thus defeated. This will range from traps set by Zane under the pretense of delivery missions, false distress signals, and Zane's personal favorite, kidnapping random crew members.

In retaliation, the S.S. Pohenix Drop will also have plenty of missions involving breaking into various labs associatted with Shield Foundation (it will probably be renamed ngl) to halt Zanes plans of creating Shadow Husks (Zombie-Cyborg Mutants) and various acts of sabotage. This will have plenty of boss battles ranging from battles against Super Cyborg Husks, entire spaceships, members of Zanes special task force The Jury, and even Zane himself in super bionic suits and amped up holograms.

Mandatory Side Quest - Painful Jury Duty

The group receives a plea message coming from Jeffory the Golden Heart, a title he received due to his species golden blood. He requests the aid of Katelyn as his daughter has been kidnapped and he cannot help due to being under Zanes control. The team exports a rescue mission as we find out what its like to be under Zanes thumb from Katelyn. Who was literally mind controlled by Zane via cybernetic chips.

The team does manage to rescue Abby, only to find out that the entire thing is a trap laid by Zane and the Abby that they saved is actually a robot copy. Only to find out that Abby is safely somewhere else but Zane had broken down Jeffory and manipulated him into beliving his daughter is in danger and the only way to ensure her safety is to kill the S.S. Phoenix Drop crew and capture Garroth. Boss music plays and Katelyn manages to get through to Jeffory but its too late as the cybernetic corruption has destroyed his body and she has to mercy kill him through his golden heart. Well, mostly kill as he is revived and put into stasis.

Side Quest - The Golden Rules

After breaking a Zane lab and sifting through information, Zoey finds a way to heal Jeffory and reunite him with his daughter. The crew has to break into one of Zanes cloning labs and steal even more files and then restore one of his old labs (that they cleared out earlier) and use the available technology to heal Jeffory. He will be permanently missing his left arm and eye and no longer be able to have cybernetic implants due to the high increased chance of rejection, but he will be reunited with his daughter, Abby who thanks her Aunt Katelyn.

I needed to balance it out y'all.

[enaelyork]

[Masterlist] Once upon a time in a galaxy far far away...

18+ ✨ French speaker ✨ Imperial girl ✨ Star wars fan ✨hyperfixation ✨ Fanfiction writer ✨ I write books & teach ✨ Ask Open ✨ Safe place.

All design of this post and fic post from @saradika

✨ You can joint my taglist here ✨

💜 AO3 💜 Wattpad

Sonic Fandom

Evil grow with love (Robotnik x Reader long fic) : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 🔥17🔥 18

Happy Birthday Doctor (x reader)  Part 1 - Part 2

Royal guest Part 1 - Part 2 - Part 3    (Request)

Stockholm Syndrom Part 1

All it's fake ! Agent Stone x Reader (fake couple) but...Reader x Robonik.

Latte make with love (xReader)

⚡Stobotnik

In the lab

Marriage

If i dare

All that i miss

Panic at the Mushroom ! 🔥🔥🔥

⚡ Headcanon

What happen to agent Stone after Sonic movie ?

If Robotnik had a past

If Robotnik meet neutral tattoo reader?

Robotnik in love (x Reader)

Stone / Robotnik Professionnal relationship be like

⚡ One shot

Stobotnik Wedding

Depressed reader

If i Dare (Stobotnik Angst)

Loose your cool (x reader)

It’s just for science (xreader)

Robotnik x Adhd reader

What a f*cking latte - Robotnik x Agent Reader

You're smart ! (Chubby reader)

Star Wars Fandom

🤍Orson Krennic

Nébuleuse - Krennic x Tarkin Daughter Oc (Tarkin Legacies 3) 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10

Nébuleuse preview

Danse scene with Krennic (Nébuleuse version)

Nsfw wip (From Nébuleuse)🔥🔥🔥

Just a kiss (Nébuleuse wip)

Dating Krennic

Dating Krennic Nsfw 🔥🔥

Daddy Krennic (with Tarkin daughter reader)

Wedding proposal (with Tarkin daughter reader)

Krennic x Veers sister reader

Krenhux aesthetic

Hux/Krennic relationship headcanon

Krennic's room aesthetic

Nébuleuse sample #3

Krennic Past Life headcanon

Long time ago in Brentaal IV (Galennic)

Dating Krennic Headcanon Aesthetic

💙Grand Admiral Thrawn

BLUE - Thrawn x Tarkin Daughter OC (Tarkin Legacies 2) 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10

Thrawn x reader aesthetic for a gala

Dating Thrawn headcanon

🧡General Hux

If we had a soul (Hux x First order admiral Oc) - Only on AO3 cause long long fic

First dating with Armitage Hux Aesthetic

Hux Krennic relationship headcanon

🖤Other

If Kylo Ren had a child

Dating Tarkin headcanon

Others fandoms

Divine Essence (Gorr the godbutcher x reader)

[can-of-pringles]

Your OCs have been put on a cooking show!! What do they choose to make as their first dish, who would get eliminated and who would move on?

Tbh I don't watch a whole lot of cooking shows so I'm probably going to make some stuff up (like the dishes made, they're not going to be like anything super fancy elite or anything lol)

Carina Shepherd: Let's be honest she barely knows how to cook and mainly knows snack-type stuff she learned as a kid pre-lab or easy stuff she learned after getting out and teaching herself how to cook. She would try to make grilled cheese, but would add stuff to it to make it a little nicer, like avocado slices and good stuff like that. Would she move on? Well, no... but she tried and that's what matters.

Dannie Karim: They make vegetable and beef stuffed red peppers (bell peppers) (this is actually making me hungry rn lol) they move on.

Silas Petersson: He makes Tex-Mex style taco soup. It tastes really good 🤤 but it's a little too simple for a competition so unfortunately he doesn't move on. Sorry.

Pigeon Ghoul: Sour Patch slaw with red pepper, cucumber, and jalapeno. Of course they don't move on it's absolutely disgusting. (Before you ask yes it's real 💀) adding a picture to make it worse

Arith: It's canon that he's a good cook. He's going with a dessert. Blackberry and blueberry crumble. To apologize for the last picture, here's the beautiful crumble. He moves on.

Iriel: She's not great at cooking... but she tries so hard 🥺 she's making some sort of soup... probably minestrone. She manages to move on.

Kaia: Hm... probably banana bread? But it's just banana bread so... sorry she doesn't move on.

Odel: Hash brown and bacon omelet cups. She moves on. I'm extra biased for potatoes and bacon 🤭

Eliška Hasek: She ends up making something from her childhood, a family recipe. Probably a homemade version of Kulajda (mushroom soup with dill, sometimes sour cream, potatoes, and eggs) I think she'd move on?

Marigold Rosales: Zucchini crust pizza (she moves on)

Rosie Rosales-Maximoff: Fajita in a bowl (look at how beautiful that is) she moves on.

Allison Dahir: Loaded chili cheese hashbrowns (I'M SORRY I'M SUPER HUNGRY RIGHT NOW) but because the hashbrowns weren't made from scratch she doesn't move on.

Lee Quinn: Tries making galaxy-inspired cupcakes. While the cupcakes themselves taste mostly good, the galaxy icing doesn't quite work as intended so she is eliminated.

[askvectorprime]

Dear Vector Prime, I recently saw the Super Mario Bros movie and, I couldn't help but wonder, have Transformers ever visited the Mushroom Kingdom?

Dear Mushroom Master,

Indeed they have! You may recall the Maximal starship Dianosk and its many deep-space colonization missions—here is the story of one such adventure…

Several solar cycles after departing Starbase Rugby with a fresh complement of thirty protoforms, the four-man crew of the starship Dianosk—consisting of captain Updraft, engineer Ratchet, security officer Regulator, and ensign Brakeline—arrived at a red planet somewhere on the spinward edge of the galaxy. While the planet Dykayra had been known to Cybertronian astronomers for some time, no Transformer had set foot on the planet since before the Great War, many millions of stellar cycles ago.

Although the Dianosk picked up no signs of extant intelligent life, orbital scans picked up vast forests of skyscraper-sized mushrooms, whose toxic spore clouds would choke out any organic lifeform in nanokliks. More intriguingly, their sensors detected rich veins of subterranean energon, as well as signs of extensive prior habitation—the tips of ancient, crumbling towers poked up through the red fungal canopy, while abandoned maglev lines and crumbling superhighways criss-crossed the planet. Intrigued at the prospect of discovering a lost civilization, Updraft ordered his crew to land their ship in an abandoned spaceport; to better explore the planet’s treacherous, fungus-based ecosystem, he decided to activate a protoform to assist them in their endeavors, whose native alternate mode would allow him to better explore the terrain. The scanning process yielded FunGus, a gregarious young Transformer whose unusual mycelium alternate form allowed him to easily navigate the planet’s terrain.

The five-man exploration team established a temporary command post as a beachhead for further exploration of the city. As they picked through the detritus, the team uncovered many strange clues regarding the planet’s prior inhabitants—garments they surmised to be hazard suits of some kind, and an abandoned botanical research lab where dozens of brightly colored mushrooms had long ago burst from their holding tanks—perhaps, they surmised, the source of many of the strange, colorful mushrooms that seemed to form the ecosystem’s primary basis. Before the team could report back to Updraft, however, they were attacked by dozens of strange, humanoid fungi! Although the creatures only wielded crude melee weapons fashioned from old lead pipes and rusted nails, they were numerous, and difficult to deter—worse yet, amidst the chaos, FunGus abruptly turned on his crewmates! The terrified crew dragged the wounded Brakeline to safety, even as FunGus escaped into the overgrown sewers beneath the city along with their attackers.

Unsuited as they were to trekking through the dangerous fungal jungle, it took several more solar cycles before the rest of the team could locate their escaped ensign; when they did find him, it was in a series of abandoned catacombs, where a network of glowing tendrils connected him and hundreds of other fungus-creatures to an enormous, building sized fungus. As one, the aliens moved in on the Cybertronian explorers… but, before the encounter could descend into violence, FunGus announced that Queen Mycellium, ruler of their collective, had chosen him to serve as her mouthpiece. Millennia ago, she explained, their race began as parasites: a freak lab accident created a race of aggressive spore-based lifeforms who reproduced through unwilling hosts, until they and their progeny had choked out everything else on the planet, including the original civilization responsible for creating them. In the intervening years, however, they had attempted to move past their ignoble beginnings, and her collective hopefully marked the beginning of a new era of peace and understanding. She and her minions had mistaken FunGus for a wayward member of her own tribe, and attempted to “liberate” him from what she perceived to be alien captors; their unique form of spore-based communication had accidentally driven FunGus into a frenzy.

Fortunately for all involved, Updraft was able to settle the matter agreeably, and the planetary monarch graciously accepted his request to establish a research base and Energon mining outpost on the planetary surface. When Updraft and his crew left for their next adventure, FunGus remained behind to further map the planet and act as a kind of ambassador between the two species, ready to welcome further waves of Cybertronian colonists to this unique planet.

[denimbex1986]

'Made for an estimated, fairly astronomical, $180 million, the high-impact biopic has grossed almost one billion dollars globally, at least partially propelled by its unlikely provenance as one-half of the Barbenheimer theatrical dynamic duo. But now that the dust has cleared, discerning spectators are better able to detect creeping critical fallout amid all the ticker-tape praise. How much of Oppenheimer’s figures is a factual biography of legendary U.S. physicist Julius Robert Oppenheimer, and how much is sneaky, bio-hazardous radioactive waste dropped on an unsuspecting public?

Oppenheimer: From Book to Screen

To opine that Oppenheimer takes liberties with the massive (800-plus pages) 2005 Pulitzer Prize-winning American Prometheus biography by Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin is a little like saying Nolan’s dark, ponderous Batman reboots toe the same line as TV’s spoofy, goofy 1960s Batman series. To start with, Nolan’s non-fiction source is a meticulous, sometimes laborious, molecular-level chronicle of the titanic rise and fall of Oppenheimer, whose brilliant leadership of the U.S. Manhattan Project from 1943 to 1945 led to the development of the first atomic bomb—and with it, the quick, horrific end to the Allied campaign against Japan in World War II.

Nolan, however, characteristically declares war on any and all logical timelines from the opening shot. It’s a film that not only plays fast with the facts but shakes and splinters Oppenheimer’s uber-complicated life and times into thousands of jigsaw-puzzle pieces, jerking the spectator to and fro and across time and place from the 1920s to the 1950s. Postulate last year’s Oscar-winning Everything Everywhere All at Once, but set in a physics lab, not a laundromat.

If Oppenheimer was the main man who smashed and weaponized the atom, Nolan mashes Oppenheimer the movie into a galaxy of fissile bits; however kinetic, together their staying power is less than the sum of the parts. He seems to take Mark Zuckerberg’s infamous managerial mantra (Move fast and break things) literally, and like the Facebook mastermind, never stops long enough to pick up—or add up—the pieces.

Given the barrage of kaleidoscopic images, including nebulous visual fireworks, audiences haven’t time to do much figuring either. What might have been presented as a weighty, deliberate three-hour dramatization of a pivotal scientific, military, and political chapter in 20th-century history (and prelude to the U.S.-USSR Cold War arms race) instead takes flight as a slick, tricked-up, even sensationalized Hollywood biopic. It’s a perpetual motion movie machine, but one that might have been powered by magic mushrooms, not enriched uranium.

Barbenheimer

Nevertheless, Oppenheimer is a triumph of sorts, though chiefly in the areas of hype, hoopla, and amazingly lucky timing. First in the equation is the name recognition and box-office draw of Nolan, probably the most bankable director of his generation, whose hits have ranged from serious non-fiction like Dunkirk to sci-fi fantasy like Inception. Then there’s the coincidental, but heaven-sent summer 2023 theatrical run in a post-Covid world where a long-suffering public was feverishly desperate to get off the couch. Lastly was its love-at-first-sight, blind-date pairing with the Barbie blockbuster, an X-factor opening weekend alchemy that got multiplied countless times into box-office gold.

Surprisingly, the lack of a major marquee star (like Leonardo DiCaprio or even Christian Bale) in the title role didn’t abort Oppenheimer’s blast-off. To play Oppie, Nolan opted for the Irish actor Cillian Murphy. Emily Blunt plays Oppenheimer’s volatile wife Kitty, Gary Oldman stars as all-American (to a fault) President Harry Truman, and Ken Branaugh plays the pioneering Danish physicist Niels Bohr.

Skeptical critics may well question Nolan’s top-heavy U.K. roster, particularly Murphy, whose main acting modus operandi as Oppie is either a) wide-eyed focus and astonishment, or b) wide-eyed shock and regret. He’s abetted in his impersonation by Nolan’s hyperactive camera, which is nearly a constant close-up, in-your-face companion to the leads, so much so it chews up more scenery than does Robert Downey Jr. Jettisoning his Iron Man superhero armor, Downey dons a tie and goes gray to play Lewis Strauss, a petty, two-faced Wall Street political insider who is a catalyst in blowing up Oppenheimer’s postwar standing as America’s leading scientist-hero.

Fission and Frisson

While Nolan whiplashes the audience back and forth through the years, he’s loathe to label the times or places, treating them as if they were state secrets. The result is a dizzying centrifugal swirl of shots and scenes, some in color, some black-and-white, drawing on Oppenheimer’s heady college days in Europe and his first faculty job at the University of California-Berkeley and on to his date with destiny as director, founder, and philosopher-king of the WWII Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico. Why the black-and-white? It likely has something to do with Nolan’s film noir framing of the tale, which contrasts Oppie’s bright early decades leading up to the development of the bomb with the shadowy post-war era of the McCarthyist anti-communist witch hunts.

By the late 1940s and early 1950s, much had changed in U.S. foreign and domestic politics, and many on the left were persecuted, prosecuted, or simply silenced. Oppenheimer, once the celebrated scientist and renaissance man who helped win the war (while still subject to debate, the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs dropped in August 1945 did likely save millions of lives by averting the Allied land invasion of Japan), is stripped of his cherished top-secret security clearance. For many observers and colleagues, Oppenheimer was never the same afterward. He wasn’t exactly a beaten man, but he was effectively muted, defused, and disarmed. He became head of the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., where he would spend the rest of his days in a near-monastic retreat.

Down in Flames

American Prometheus paints a portrait of Oppenheimer as a complicated, contradictory intellectual giant, both ambitious and genteel, shrewd and childishly reckless. Nolan, however, thinks, almost literally, in black and white. Ultimately a neo-Hollywood genre director, he’s always on the hunt for villains, and if he can’t find one or two to blame he will invent them. History reveals that Strauss indeed smuggled in loads of ammunition in the right-wing scheme to take down Oppenheimer, but it’s simplistic and plain wrong to let the other bad actors walk. Among them is the FBI’s autocratic director J. Edgar Hoover, whose G-men began illegally bugging Oppenheimer’s homes and phones in the early 1940s.

There’s also the back-stabbing, malicious physicist Edward Teller, who got cold revenge on his former Los Alamos padrone by testifying Oppie was an unstable security risk—all because he nixed Teller’s pet project to create the “super,” aka H-bomb. There’s even the feckless President Dwight Eisenhower, who did nothing to save Oppenheimer from the humiliating Atomic Energy Commission’s 1954 inquisition ordeal or its damning verdict.

However spotty with the facts, Nolan’s filmic inquiry into the shameful case of J. Robert Oppenheimer really misses the mark when it comes to Oppie’s star-crossed romance with Jean Tatlock who is played by Florence Pugh. Evidently seeing the need to add the sizzle of sex to his film equation, Nolan treats the audience to not one but three gratuitous (and weird) nude scenes.

Hit and Miss Delivery

Historical films necessarily condense, crop, and simplify, but Nolan cuts corners so many times he should be awarded the Ignoble Prize for Ignoring History. It’s not nitpicking to criticize how he turns Albert Einstein into a fatherly Yoda figure for Oppenheimer when in fact the two men weren’t particularly close even though Einstein was in residence at the prestigious New Jersey think tank during Oppenheimer’s tenure.

Their differences stemmed from Einstein’s unbending disbelief in the basic, uncanny tenets of modern quantum mechanics, e.g., that light can be both particle and wave. Nolan dreams up key scenes involving the two of them, one that expands to critical mass in Strauss’ mind as the rationale for his vendetta against Oppenheimer.

If the movie leans on a blitzkrieg of commercial formulaics to lighten up its heavy-duty subject matter, ironically its best moments are when Nolan falls back on old-school textbook filmmaking. While several of the leads fall under Nolan’s command to emote in a blustery, “Look at me, I’m Oscar-positive!” way (Blame Blunt here, with Downey Jr.), Matt Damon has the courage to act admirably at ease instead of acting out. As the brusque Army general who drafts Oppenheimer to assemble and lead the A-bomb dream team, Damon doesn’t quite nail the steely, hard-ass gravitas the role demands, but he deserves a medal for conspicuously cool reserve under fire.

Another exception to Nolan’s showy melodramatics is Oscar winner (Churchill) Gary Oldman. Never known to be camera-shy, Oldman refreshingly underplays his cameo as the folksy, small-minded President Truman, whose victorious handshake welcome to Oppenheimer slowly turns into a virtual slap in the face.

The Trinity Test Scene in Oppenheimer

Audiences may also want to see Oppenheimer for the chilling bravura sequence that culminates in the July 1945 Trinity A-bomb test in the New Mexico desert. Nolan marshals his cast, preps the sets and pyrotechnics, cues the unearthly sights and sounds, and counts down to the blinding mini-apocalypse that changed human history forever. Pondering only the science, theory, and engineering, the product of $2 billion then (around $25 billion today) yet only a few years of round-the-clock work by a team of the best and brightest young Western scientists, the entire endeavor was a magnificent, manifestly diabolical achievement. To date, in nearly 80 years since the Hiroshima and Nagasaki cataclysms, humanity and the planet have been spared the doomsday death and destruction such weapons were born and made to deliver. But for how long?'

[brandonwayneb]

we will have to create our utopia visions in another galaxy...

still unimaginable

"mckinney" tx KIT KAT

"princeton" tx CAT PANTHERS

"tacoma" wa TACO CAT

"TALK LIKE THAT"

"TALK LIKE SWAT"

CAT CAT CAT

KAT KAT KAT

"CAR HORN"

"CAT HOLE DOIR"

assassinations

castrations

WHITE BURGERS

BLUE BURGERS

CASTRATIONS

"CAT" "CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT"

DRAW THE LINE AT Cathedral

DRAW THE LINE AT CATHOLIC

CAT CASTRATIONS

"CASH DEMONSTRATIONS"

"CAT CASH LABS"

"CASTELLATIONS"

LIVE ASSASSINATIONS

So do NOT accept war on "Cat"

So do NOT accept castrations

WHITE WARS

"MUSHROOM BURGERS"

"mckinney tx" cat

"princeton tx" cat

"tacoma wa" cat

cat cat cat cat cat cat

taco bell cat

wendys cat

CASTRATIONS CAREER STALKERS

TEAMWORK AT "SWITZERLAND"

100% Cat

Zero Castrations

Teamwork at "Switzerland"

[walksinlatewithcoffee]

More galaxy brained HC HC’s

(That’s Hermitcraft Headcanon’s)

Let’s start out with a doozy- Doc is 1/2 creeper, 1/4 goat, 1/4 human. As punishment for neglecting lab safety protocol for aesthetics, I have given him hooves.

Ren’s sunglasses go All the Way Around like those rubber glasses they give to toddlers. The back part is just clear

Ren’s dog hybrid breed is a Belgian Malinois

When the hermits change worlds for a season, the world they leave is left to house anyone who wants it, the hermits basically show up, raise fully functioning autonomous communities, and leave them for whoever needs them. their previous worlds often become hub home type worlds where the majority of “players” originate from, with large populations and complex societies.

Grian is the pure essence of the “humans will pack bond with anything” meme, except he actively suppressed it unless encouraged. The only people who know the extent of this are Xisuma (#just admin things), Mumbo (witnessed a breakdown during the mayoral campaign over Grumbot’s growing sentience) and… Pearl, oddly enough.

Pearl knows A LOT of weird things about Grian actually, and while she tries not to be too nosy into his business, someone has to call him out on his disordered behavioral patterns, right?

Speaking of the new ladies, Gem is a hybrid but none of her dna is actually human! She’s a 50/50 split Deer and Dryad hybrid!

Listen I LIVE for Blazeborn Tango ok it’s just Real Good

For some reason I’ve been liking the idea of Phantom hybrid Etho??? For some reason????

Scar is actually human, but has a lot of magical energy at his disposal, and also cool technological augmentations to help with the… everything. They’re just less in-your-face than say, Ren or Doc, cause that’s just more his style.

Grian thinks that at one point he was human, but that’s actually false! He was never fully human, never human at all! He’s a changeling, or he was before the… everything. Now it’s pretty difficult to categorize him at all, with the low-level shapeshifting and the immortality and the ability to breathe life and sentience into machines…

People who know Grian is/was a changeling include: BDubs (fae hybrid), Gem (fae hybrid), Stress (fae Hybrid), Xisuma, (found it in the code while big fixing, figured Grian knew and never brought it up), Doc, (had to do a blood test for something and sort of just… did his best to pretend nothing was wrong) aaaaand…. Renbob (he’s one of those people that just worms information out of people without even trying so there’s very few secrets on the hermitcraft server he doesn’t know. Luckily he isn’t around often enough to spill said secrets)

The changeling attributes here are interesting; Grian was supposed to be a Hels resident. As in, the specific fae bloodline he comes from are native to Hels, not any overworld. If anyone noticed, they haven’t said anything….

Speaking of Hels, it’s not all Nether! There are nether biomes, but their overworld is as diverse as any other, and they even share many biomes with a standard overworld, albeit in different probabilities. You’re most likely to find a Savannah, a Mesa, a Desert, or a variation of Extreme Hills than any other home, and oceans are fairly rare. In contrast there are lots of surface lava lakes, toxic swamps with more mushrooms than trees, and fortified pillaged outposts far more often than villages. Oh! And the sky ranges from a peachy pink to a burnt orange color!

[lyrishadow]

Fictober 3:

Prompt 3: “I’ve waited for this.” Fandom: Mass Effect. Title: Until The Date (in the end of it all) Pairing: Sarah Ryder / Kaidan Alenko Rating: m Warnings/Tags: Fluff (purely sickly sweetly)

Kaidan Alenko stood at the kitchen door waiting for Sarah Ryder to walk down the hall of the Tempest; it had been a long journey but having finally beaten the Archon, and taken Meridian. Having finally recovered from the fight, they would be getting their promised date.

"I've waited for this."

"Oh?" Sarah Ryder paused at the closed door to her room as Kaidan Alenko grinned at her. "I'm sorry it took so long."

"Well, death-defying, galaxy saving stunts come first you know." His reply was accompanied by a quirk of an eyebrow "though, I'd not mind if you did less of the death part."

"Noted." She sighed, his arm circling her waist.

"Now, close your eyes." He pushed the access button and guided her inside.

"SAM can you make sure we aren't interrupted for a few hours please?"

"Certainly. Please use the code to let me know when you are available again. Have a lovely evening Pathfinder."

“Thanks, SAM!” Sarah replied.

“Ok, keep your eyes closed,” Kaidan murmured guiding her over past where she thought there ought to have been books and such on the floor.

“You cleaned up in here?”

“Heh, just a little,” Kaidan replied, “I did have a little help setting this up.”

“Can I open my eyes?”

“Now.” Sarah blinked, Kaidan had moved her to the foot of the bed facing towards the room, her giant Blasto was sitting happily on the sofa which was pushed to one end in front of SAM’s hub. Yet in the middle of the room sat a table with candles and a white table cloth, food covered with another colored cloth and a single red rose.

“Kaidan!” she gasped turning to him with a smile “You did all this?” “You know I’d do anything for you? I did have help like I said, Cora found a source for the rose. Jaal helped me with a lot of the food. Liam helped moved furniture - find the furniture actually. I have a few more surprises.” Kaidan’s hand traced her face as he said that his brown eyes meeting her blue ones “but food first.”

“What are we eating? I can’t smell anything?” Sarah asked clearly confused, as Kaidan pulled her chair out and bowed.

“My lady your chair.” He grinned as he lifted a colorful cloth and placed it on her lap.” your napkin. “ Under the cloth on the table was a cleverly sealed selection of foodstuffs.

“Is that steak and mushroom?” Sarah gasped.

“I had mentioned once to Jaal I missed steak from Canada so he went out of his way to find some for me.” Kaidan and Jaal had become good friends since the Angaran had joined the crew. “I wasn’t expecting it, but he was too excited about it to keep it a secret.”

“I see, that is why he was avoiding me?” Sarah laughed.

“Yeah, got to admire him, he wears his heart on his sleeve but he can’t keep some things secret.” Kaidan laughed.”Look at this - fresh greens from Cora’s lab, fruit, and veg from Eos.”

“You did all of this.” Sarah shook her head “When we met, you didn’t even know if you wanted to risk coming here.”

“Well actually” Kaidan blushed “As soon as I saw you, I knew.”

“Kaidan Alenko, are you blushing?”

“Heh, probably.” he chuckled as he served the food and they ate together talking and laughing over the six months or so that had passed in Andromeda.

“Wow, that was good food!”Sarah grinned.

“Good. There is more though.” Kaidan stood and began to clear the table with a cheeky grin. He retrieved a cake from a box on the counter and bought it to the table.

“Sarah?”

“Oh my god… “ Sarah began to laugh. “May I take a photo?”

“Of course.” Kaidan grinned as the Blasto cake sat proudly in the middle of the table. He had worked hard to make this particular surprise. It was a reminder of how Sarah had come to mean so much to him.

It was a large cake for the two of them, but he knew that the leftovers would go to the rest of the crew. So he served a few pieces of cake and they sat talking about the fair and meeting and falling in love.

“So love at first sight huh?”

“Well, yes.” Kaidan blushed “When I first met your dad, at the restaurant. I don’t know if you remember?”

“Oh, I remember!” Sarah grinned “ I was so damn nervous, I invented a reason to leave.”

“Ah. I wish you hadn’t.” Kaidan grinned “I feel like I missed out on a few minutes with you.”

“Dad thought I would be… bait? A lure? I don’t know he wasn’t good at considering feelings.” Sarah sighed “I wish I had known him better, known what made him the way he was.”

“He was right though - and he told me to look after you and Scott.” Kaidan looked down “in case anything happened.”

“You were his second… it made sense,” Sarah suggested but Kaidan shook his head.

“More than that, he was worried about you.” Kaidan looked at Sarah and sighed “I was not sure why he would say that, but I had an irreversible crush on you. So I agreed.”

“Oh, I see.” Sarah shook her head grinning at Kaidan “You know I have had a crush on you since I was in boot camp and you led the biotic training specialist camp.”

“I remember that.” Kaidan nodded “It was meant to be some kind of reward for being promoted. However, it was just more work.”

“Alliance in a nutshell.” Sarah agreed,

“Do you mind if I change the topic and we move to the sofa?” Kaidan asked.”Let me just pass the cake to the masses.”

Clearing the table of the remains of the cake Kaidan unlocked the door and handed it to Scott who was waiting to receive it on the other side. Scott gave him a thumbs up and wave before taking the cake silently and leaving. Kaidan shook his head and closed and locked the door again.

“Your brother is a nut.”

“There is no truer statement,” Sarah replied with a laugh, she sat down next to Blasto, her legs folded underneath her.

Kaidan ran a hand down his pocket to check for the ring box which was still there. It had been a challenge to find an engagement ring but once people found out what he wanted and why they had pooled their knowledge and he was able to produce a very unique, special to Sarah ring. That had been the easy part he now realized.

“Kaidan, are you okay?” Sarah asked concerned.

“Uh yeah. I’m fine.” He exhaled his breath and inhaled calming his nerves as he turned back towards her. She sat with her blasto in her arms.

“Sarah, I can’t imagine spending time apart from you… I don’t want to ever again and..”

“Then let’s get married,” she said her head on an angle, a spark of mischief in her eye.

“Uh…. you could let me ask you.” Kaidan laughed “I was trying.”

“You were killing yourself with nerves. But Kaidan…” she held out her hand and he walked over to her. “You don’t need. to be like that with me you know.”

“Yeah, I know.” He kissed her “So Sarah Hope Ryder will you marry me?”

“ Yes,” she whispered as she kissed him again. He smirked as he pulled out a ring her eyes went wide.

“How did you… oh.” The ring had a stone for every outpost she had helped establish and was made of a metal that Jaal had assured him would last longer than any of them would be alive.

“ With a lot of help. It’s special, just like you are. It’s the Pathfinders engagement ring.” he explained the meaning and kissed her again.

“Kaidan.” she had tears in her eyes “You know I didn’t think I could do this, and I was right - there was no way I could do this alone. I had you, from the beginning I had you. I am so glad I will have you going forward too. " X

[toku-explained]

The 2 in 1 Eagle Pair

Trigger: Computer systems across Sorafune are infected by viruses, courtesy of Powered Dada. Like wow, that's a deep cut. Haruki and Kengo talk more as Akito uses the rescued Medals to create Z Hyper Keys of his other forms. With the virus cutting off computer systems at other TPU branches, GUTS-Select goes on high alert. An attempt to use old equipment allows them to pick up automated HQ broadcasts authorising autonomous operations. The Nursedessei has it's systems compromised. It's all hands on deck switching to manual, but Dada is managing to auto fire the Nurse Cannon and Nanase has to run a counter virus program, even Ignis is helping, as Kengo and Haruki manage to disconnect the Nurse Cannon's power right before a second shot fires. Dada instead takes control of King Joe to target Nursedessei, forcing Trigger Multi-type and Z Alpha Edge to fight it, after it uses all its forms they switch to using Power-type and Beta Smash. As Nanase gets control of the system back Dada avatars start appearing to attack the crew, when one attacks Akito, Yuzare takes over and destroys it, but then Yuna collapses. Dada appears to fight with King Joe, and Multi-type and Gamma Future hold it off until it tries fusing with King Joe, getting destroyed last second by Nurse Cannon. They switch to Sky-type and Delta Rise Claw, destroying King Joe but Haruki promising they'll repair him. Later Kengo thanks Haruki for his help, again stating how he's come to recognise Akito's help even if the man himself denies it. Akito gives permission to keep the Sparklencs, and so with Beliarok opening a dimensional tunnel, Z places King Joe's parts in a Travel Sphere and flies off, Akito agrees to grab ramen with Kengo. Akito returns to the lab to find Yuna, who can just remember Yuzare's action this time, and begs Akito to explain.

Galaxy Rescue Force: Sora is surprised by the appearance of Justice, bringing a message from Delacion to Queen Izana, who is unfortunately back on Kanon at the moment. Justice opts to wait, leaving Sora feeling awkward until Ribut arrives, impressed to hear Justice is associated with the Universal Justice. When Ribut thanks Justice for their help with Leugocyte Justice explains that Delacions wants to cooperate with the Land of Light and Galaxy Rescue Force in opposing Tartarus. They continue waiting, Ribut also feeling awkward, eventually running away to patrol, Justice eventually deciding to return the next day.

Revice: Wakabayashi demotes Kadota after both failing to defend the ViStamp lab and his failure with the Revice system, and requests Daiji persuade Ikki to fight for them. A caddie, Ibata, is fired by his boss, Araki, who has become irritated after his recent performance, Olteca appears to offer Ibata a ViStamp. Ibata summons tge Kamakiri Deadman. Ikkirefuses the contract, but when news of the Deadman attack appears still takes the belt, accidentally discovering Vice can possess his bike if it's stamped. They arrive and fight, until Vice tries to go eating again, Daiji passes Ikki the Eagle ViStamp, which turns them into the W themed Eagle Genome. Revi starts attacking Vice, who accidentally triggers their combined Eagle form to finish the Deadman, Vice then targets Araki until the transformation is cancelled. Ikki's family encourage him to help Fenix. Araki approaches the Deadmans, and the next day, when Ibara approaches to apologise, summons the Megalodon Deadman. When Vice mentions he told Araki unleashing your Akuma feels good Ikki transforms again to fight him until Daiji arrives to inform him of the Deadman, at which point he gives up the gear. Ikki and Daiji arrive at the golf course, where Fenix are already battling Giff Junior's, Ikki rushing in. He refuses tonuse the belt, since Vice will attack people again, but keeps fighting, until Vice swears to not attack humans anymore, making a contract to do as Ikki says, and Ikki now transforms again. Vice becomes envious of Ikki's Sealing Buster and borrows Daiji's Gunderphone. Ibata grabs Araki when he tries to power up his Deadman, wanting to put things right, and they combine into Rex form to finish the Deadman. Araki and Ibata make up,

Zenkaiger: No one has had any luck finding Mitsuko. Gaon offhandedly suggests she's escaped to some other world, and when Zox comes wanting an explanation for what happened in the last fight, Kaito asks for his help. Ijirude has no idea how Mitsuko escaped, Stacey confirming he'd put her in storage, and the Parallel World Gate was disrupted as she escaped thanks to Kudakk attack, so they don't know where she went, Stacey isn't sure this should have taken him away from the battle. Kaito, Zyuran and Magine join tge World Purates in travelling, with 20 or so worlds they can try, while Magine tries to divine where she is, Flint takes them to Kashiwa Mochitopia, where they meet the local version of Su-san, not having Kashiwa Mochi on your head there is comparable to public indecency. They try Retrotopia, where Su-san can't comprehend the Kikainoids. Kouritopia's Su-san has far less trouble with them, but hasn't seen Mitsuko, but Kaito is happy to see the freed worlds are at peace. Stacey and the Kudakks arrive, revealing Kudaiters gave been sent to other worlds for Mitsuko, as Gaon and Vroon, looking on earth, find. Kaito wants to split up to protect worlds, but Zox says they have to prioritise Mitsuko since the Tojitendo will just rampage until they find her. Su-san on Kinokotopia tries to have them stop attacking the mushrooms, as the Zenkaigers fight Flint declares she found Mitsuko, and Ijirude calls all forces there. When there the team shows they have Mitsuko, and fight. As things progress Stacey captures Mitsuko, but Kaito gets her back. Super Zenkaiser and Super Twokaiser destroy tge enemy forces, then they escape on CrocoDaiOh, Stacey essentially let's them go for Yatsude's sake, but is ordered by Ijirude to summon Black ZyuraGaon, which drags them back to Kouritopia, Zenkaijuoh facing the mecha and defeating it. They return home, and only now have Magine remove her disguise as Magine, since the Tojirendo won't go through other worlds if they think Mitsuko is home, just continue focusing on earth.

Yodonna 2: We start right where we left off, Mizuki distraught over the detective's betrayal, which Yodonna is able to understand due to her own betrayal by Yodon. The realisation that she has experienced sadness causes Yodonna to freeze. In Yodon hell, Hörn and Mose are in a meltdown over Yodonna's escape, Mose impulsively sends himself to earth after her. Yanako visits the Kuchinawa leader, whose eating whil watching his men give Shousuke a beating, Yanako wants to kill Mizuki. Mizuki retrieves the phone while bemoaning Yodonna's current state, but resolves not to burden Juru with her problems. She also finds herself feeling sluggish, unknown to her being due to the soul transfer. Mizuki arrives at the warehouse, where Enoshima is waiting with gang members, claiming his becoming corrupt was only natural. The regular lead goon grabs the phone, while Mizuki talks about how much Shousuke believed in him. The phone wiped, Enoshima reveals Shousuke isn't there, and they can't have her going around with what she knows. Yodonna takes control right as the fight begins, she's now experiencing anger on Mizuki's behalf. She starts fighting the goons, the boss watching via camera surprised by her skill and saying as much to Yanako. When shooting starts she uses a guy as a shield, and uses his gun to kill the goons. After admonishing Mizuki to exercise properly, she beats down the lead goon again. Enoshima puts a gun to her head, she steals it and shoots him in the knee. Mizuki changes back, happy thanks to Yodonna's help, she's really struggling to stay standing now, and Yodonna realises why. Mose approaches her, kills Enoshima for interrupting, then isn't sure what to do with Yodonna given the soul transfer. He intends to cut the hose, but then Yodonna will, disappear and there'll still be trouble for him with Hörn, better to let her steal Mizuki's life and then take her back. The revelation of what Yodonna was doing leads Mizuki to hate her too. At this point Yanako arrives and knocks Mizuki out. Mizuki wakes in the Kuchinawa offices, where Mose is waiting alongside Yanako and the leader, Kujirasaki. Mose has told them everything, and they seem content to wait out her death and let him have Yodonna after. Kujirasaki finds the whole situation amusing, and has Shousuke brought out so he can watch his sister die. As the process nears completion, Yodonna becomes visible and Mizuki starts fading. Yodonna explains the emotions she has learnt from Mizuki, and that she's realised she's just done to Mizuki what Yodon did to her. And so she pulls the tube out and destroys it. She's going to use the physical form she has until she fades to save Mizuki and Shousuke. She beats Yanako quickly. Goons drag Shousuke away, Mose in a panic uses Yodonna's whip to power up Kujirasaki. And then just goes back to Yodon Hell. Yodonna fights Kujirasaki, telling Mizuki to get Shousuke. As Yodonna and Kujirasaki are fairly evenly matched, Mizuki manages to disrupt the goons enough to free Shousuke. As Kujirasaki prepares an energy blast, Yodonna, knowing she's dead either way, swears to keep Misaki alive, and turns her whip into a scythe to block the blast. A final struggle fells Kujirasaki, and Shousuke declares him under arrest. Yodonna is glad to have won in time and collapses. Seeing Mizuki is alive she finds she's crying, Mizuki explaining she's feeling joy, right before Yodonna starts vanishing. Mizuki forgives her, and Yodonna fades gladly. Juru and Tametomo are still waiting for Mizuki, who finally gets back after Juru reminds Tame of his brief crush on Yodonna. Yodonna awakens back in Yodon hell, Hörn telling her that is she'd let him finish he was going to explain that if she could understand the 4 basic emotions he'd let her revive. He's already punishing Mose for running off after her. After reminiscing she asks if she can revive, but after her running off he's not going to allow it anymore. Unless she learns one more emotion, Love. She wonders who might teach her that...Tametomo perhaps?

[mrmushiesmushroombars]

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[rambling-shroomies]

"I hope you realize we can't let you commit galaxy wide genocide, this is like what- The 5th invasion of some kind of creature this week? We're tired at the lab.... Can't you come threaten the Earth another day? Another week or so please if you would be so kind.." - Fredrick Neve

Well Science Man let me tell you some thing. 

It is already happening.

The mushrooms in your soup?

The mold on the walls?

The rats scurrying beneath the pipe works of your lab?

Rot and Decay and Disease are my domain, human.

Especially those that are engineered, Science Man. In a loboratory.

My advice?

You’re already dead.

[botanizing]

what IS a lichen? I thought it was a plant-mushroom thing

yes. kind of. 

The simple “middle-aged-person-from-church-asked-me-what-I-study” answer is that a lichen is a symbiosis of a fungus and an alga. (No, it’s not a moss, Margaret). 

The second-year-undergrad-level answer is that a lichen is a symbiosis of a mycobiont (fungus) and a photobiont (green alga or cyanobacteria or both) and also sometimes another fungus in yeast (unicellular) form and also sometimes bacteria. Check out this open-access article for details on the yeast discovery. 

The galaxy brain answer is that we’re still not really sure about everything that makes up a lichen? A lot of the research in the lab where I work is focused on figuring out exactly what things make a lichen what it is and what things are just extras along for the ride (commensalists, parasites, bacteria still living in their parents’ basement?). And then it’s a whole other level of galaxy brain to figure out what all these things are doing in there. 

If anyone needs more resources on lichens or clarification on any of the above just let me know!

[brandonwayneb]

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[scifigeneration]

Organic farming with gene editing: An oxymoron or a tool for sustainable agriculture?

by Rebecca Mackelprang

Many farmers cultivating organic crops believe that genetically modified crops pose threats to human health. mythja/Shutterstock.com

A University of California, Berkeley professor stands at the front of the room, delivering her invited talk about the potential of genetic engineering. Her audience, full of organic farming advocates, listens uneasily. She notices a man get up from his seat and move toward the front of the room. Confused, the speaker pauses mid-sentence as she watches him bend over, reach for the power cord, and unplug the projector. The room darkens and silence falls. So much for listening to the ideas of others.

Many organic advocates claim that genetically engineered crops are harmful to human health, the environment, and the farmers who work with them. Biotechnology advocates fire back that genetically engineered crops are safe, reduce insecticide use, and allow farmers in developing countries to produce enough food to feed themselves and their families.

Now, sides are being chosen about whether the new gene editing technology, CRISPR, is really just “GMO 2.0” or a helpful new tool to speed up the plant breeding process. In July, the European Union’s Court of Justice ruled that crops made with CRISPR will be classified as genetically engineered. In the United States, meanwhile, the regulatory system is drawing distinctions between genetic engineering and specific uses of genome editing.

For many, perception of genetically modified foods has changed little from those of this protester dressed as a genetically altered ‘Killer Tomato’ marching through downtown San Diego, June 24, 2001. Joe Cavaretta/AP Photo

I am a plant molecular biologist and appreciate the awesome potential of both CRISPR and genetic engineering technologies. But I don’t believe that pits me against the goals of organic agriculture. In fact, biotechnology can help meet these goals. And while rehashing the arguments about genetic engineering seems counterproductive, genome editing may draw both sides to the table for a healthy conversation. To understand why, it’s worth digging into the differences between genome editing with CRISPR and genetic engineering.

What’s the difference between genetic engineering, CRISPR and mutation breeding?

Opponents argue that CRISPR is a sneaky way to trick the public into eating genetically engineered foods. It is tempting to toss CRISPR and genetic engineering into the same bucket. But even “genetic engineering” and “CRISPR” are too broad to convey what is happening on the genetic level, so let’s look closer.

In one type of genetic engineering, a gene from an unrelated organism can be introduced into a plant’s genome. For example, much of the eggplant grown in Bangladesh incorporates a gene from a common bacterium. This gene makes a protein called Bt that is harmful to insects. By putting that gene inside the eggplant’s DNA, the plant itself becomes lethal to eggplant-eating insects and decreases the need for insecticides. Bt is safe for humans. It’s like how chocolate makes dogs sick, but doesn’t affect us.

Another type of genetic engineering can move a gene from one variety of a plant species into another variety of that same species. For example, researchers identified a gene in wild apple trees that makes them resistant to fire blight.They moved that gene into the “Gala Galaxy” apple to make it resistant to disease. However, this new apple variety has not been commercialized.

Scientists are unable to direct where in the genome a gene is inserted with traditional genetic engineering, although they use DNA sequencing to identify the location after the fact.

In contrast, CRISPR is a tool of precision.

Just like using the “find” function in a word processor to quickly jump to a word or phrase, the CRISPR molecular machinery finds a specific spot in the genome. It cuts both strands of DNA at that location. Because cut DNA is problematic for the cell, it quickly deploys a repair team to mend the break. There are two pathways for repairing the DNA. In one, which I call “CRISPR for modification,” a new gene can be inserted to link the cut ends together, like pasting a new sentence into a word processor.

In “CRISPR for mutation,” the cell’s repair team tries to glue the cut DNA strands back together again. Scientists can direct this repair team to change a few DNA units, or base pairs (A’s, T’s, C’s and G’s), at the site that was cut, creating a small DNA change called a mutation. This technique can be used to tweak the gene’s behavior inside the plant. It can also be used to silence genes inside the plant that, for example, are detrimental to plant survival, like a gene that increases susceptibility to fungal infections.

In genetic engineering, a new gene is added to a random location in a plant’s genome. CRISPR for modification also allows a new gene to be added to a plant, but targets the new gene to a specific location. CRISPR for mutation does not add new DNA. Rather, it makes a small DNA change at a precise location. Mutation breeding uses chemicals or radiation (lightning bolts) to induce several small mutations in the genomes of seeds. Resulting plants are screened for beneficial mutations resulting in desirable traits. Rebecca Mackelprang, CC BY-SA

Mutation breeding, which in my opinion is also a type of biotechnology, is already used in organic food production. In mutation breeding, radiation or chemicals are used to randomly make mutations in the DNA of hundreds or thousands of seeds which are then grown in the field. Breeders scan fields for plants with a desired trait such as disease resistance or increased yield. Thousands of new crop varieties have been created and commercialized through this process, including everything from varieties of quinoa to varieties of grapefruit. Mutation breeding is considered a traditional breeding technique, and thus is not an “excluded method” for organic farming in the United States.

CRISPR for mutation is more similar to mutation breeding than it is to genetic engineering. It creates similar end products as mutation breeding, but removes the randomness. It does not introduce new DNA. It is a controlled and predictable technique for generating helpful new plant varieties capable of resisting disease or weathering adverse environmental conditions.

Opportunity lost – learning from genetic engineering

Most commercialized genetically engineered traits confer herbicide tolerance or insect resistance in corn, soybean or cotton. Yet many other engineered crops exist. While a few are grown in the field, most sit all but forgotten in dark corners of research labs because of the prohibitive expense of passing regulatory hurdles. If the regulatory climate and public perception allow it, crops with valuable traits like these could be produced by CRISPR and become common in our soils and on our tables.

Dr. Peggy Lemaux, holding seeds from the hypoallergenic wheat she helped develop with genetic engineering. James Block, CC BY-SA

For example, my adviser at UC Berkeley developed, with colleagues, a hypoallergenic variety of wheat. Seeds for this wheat are held captive in envelopes in the basement of our building, untouched for years. A tomato that uses a sweet pepper gene to defend against a bacterial disease, eliminating the need for copper-based pesticide application, has struggled to secure funding to move forward. Carrot, cassava, lettuce, potato and more have been engineered for increased nutritional value. These varieties demonstrate the creativity and expertise of researchers in bringing beneficial new traits to life. Why, then, can’t I buy bread made with hypoallergenic wheat at the grocery store?

Loosening the grip of Big Agriculture

Research and development of a new genetically engineered crop costs around US$100 million at large seed companies. Clearing the regulatory hurdles laid out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, EPA and/or FDA (depending on the engineered trait) takes between five and seven years and an additional $35 million. Regulation is important and genetically engineered products should be carefully evaluated. But, the expense allows only large corporations with extensive capital to compete in this arena. The price shuts small companies, academic researchers and NGOs out of the equation. To recoup their $135 million investment in crop commercialization, companies develop products to satisfy the biggest markets of seed buyers – growers of corn, soybean, sugar beet and cotton.

The costs of research and development are far lower with CRISPR due to its precision and predictability. And early indications suggest that using CRISPR for mutation will not be subject to the same regulatory hurdles and costs in the U.S. A press release on March 28, 2018 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture says that “under its biotechnology regulations, USDA does not regulate or have any plans to regulate plants that could otherwise have been developed through traditional breeding techniques” if they are developed with approved laboratory procedures.

If the EPA and FDA follow suit with reasonable, less costly regulations, CRISPR may escape the dominant financial grasp of large seed companies. Academics, small companies and NGO researchers may see hard work and intellectual capital yield beneficial genome-edited products that are not forever relegated to the basements of research buildings.

Common ground: CRISPR for sustainability

In the six years since the genome editing capabilities of CRISPR were unlocked, academics, startups and established corporations have announced new agricultural products in the pipeline that use this technology. Some of these focus on traits for consumer health, such as low-gluten or gluten-free wheat for people with celiac disease. Others, such as non-browning mushrooms, can decrease food waste.

The lingering California drought demonstrated the importance of crop varieties that use water efficiently. Corn with greater yield under drought stress has already been made using CRISPR, and it is only a matter of time before CRISPR is used to increase drought tolerance in other crops. Powdery mildew-resistant tomatoes could save billions of dollars and eliminate spraying of fungicides. A tomato plant that flowers and makes fruit early could be used in northern latitudes with long days and shorter growing seasons, which will become more important as climate changes.

The rules are made, but is the decision final?

Dave Chapman, owner of Long Wind Farm, checks for insects on organic tomato plant leaves in his greenhouse in Thetford, Vt. Chapman is a leader of a farmer-driven effort to create an additional organic label that would exclude hydroponic farming and concentrated animal feeding operations. Lisa Rathke/AP Photo

In 2016 and 2017, the U.S. National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) voted to exclude all genome-edited crops from organic certification.

But in my view, they should reconsider.

Some organic growers I interviewed agree. “I see circumstances under which it could be useful for short-cutting a process that for traditional breeding might take many plant generations,” says Tom Willey, an organic farmer emeritus from California. The disruption of natural ecosystems is a major challenge to agriculture, Willey told me, and while the problem cannot be wholly addressed by genome editing, it could lend an opportunity to “reach back into genomes of the wild ancestors of crop species to recapture genetic material” that has been lost through millennia of breeding for high yields.

Breeders have successfully used traditional breeding to reintroduce such diversity, but “in the light of the urgency posed by climate change, we might wisely employ CRISPR to accelerate such work,” Willey concludes.

Bill Tracy, an organic corn breeder and professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, says, “Many CRISPR-induced changes that could happen in nature could have benefits to all kinds of farmers.” But, the NOSB has already voted on the issue and the rules are unlikely to change without significant pressure. “It’s a question of what social activity could move the needle on that,” Tracy concludes.

People on all sides of biotechnology debates want to maximize human and environmental outcomes. Collaborative problem-solving by organic (and conventional) growers, specialists in sustainable agriculture, biotechnologists and policymakers will yield greater progress than individual groups acting alone and dismissing each other. The barriers to this may seem large, but they are of our own making. Hopefully, more people will gain the courage to plug the projector back in and let the conversation continue.

About The Author:

Rebecca Mackelprang is a Postdoctoral Scholar at the University of California, Berkeley.

This article is republished from our content partners, The Conversation, under a Creative Commons license. 

[antonverloc]

i didn't get no sleep cause o' Y'ALL, ya'll not gon get no sleep CAUSE OF ME

    ❝ you swine. you vulgar little maggot. don’t you know that you are pathetic? you worthless bag of filth. as we say at haworth labs, i’ll bet you couldn’t pour piss out of a boot with instructions on the heel. you are a canker. a sore that won’t go away. i would rather kiss a lawyer than be seen with you.

     you are a fiend and a coward, and you have bad breath. you are degenerate, noxious and depraved. i feel debased just for knowing you exist. i despise everything about you. you are a bloody nardless newbie twit protohominid chromosomally aberrant caricature of a coprophagic cloacal parasitic pond scum and i wish you would go away.

     you’re a putrescence mass, a walking vomit. you are a spineless little worm deserving nothing but the profoundest contempt. you are a jerk, a cad, a weasel. your life is a monument to stupidity. you are a stench, a revulsion, a big suck on a sour lemon.

     you are a bleating fool, a curdled staggering mutant dwarf smeared richly with the effluvia and offal accompanying your alleged birth into this world. an insensate, blinking calf, meaningful to nobody, abandoned by the puke-drooling, giggling beasts who sired you and then killed themselves in recognition of what they had done.

     i will never get over the embarrassment of belonging to the same species as you. you are a monster, an ogre, a malformation. i barf at the very thought of you. you have all the appeal of a paper cut. plague wastrels avoid you. you are vile, worthless, less than nothing. you are a weed, a histoplasma mushroom, the dregs of this earth. and did i mention you smell?

     if you aren’t an idiot, you made a world-class effort at simulating one. try to edit your writing of unnecessary material before attempting to impress us with your insight. the evidence that you are a nincompoop will still be available to readers, but they will be able to access it more rapidly.

     you snail-skulled little rabbit. would that a hawk pick you up, drive its beak into your brain, and upon finding it rancid set you loose to fly briefly before spattering the ocean rocks with the frothy pink shame of your ignoble blood. may you choke on the queasy, convulsing nausea of your own trite, foolish beliefs.

     you are weary, stale, flat and unprofitable. you are grimy, squalid, nasty and profane. you are foul and disgusting. you’re a fool, an ignoramus. monkeys look down on you. even sheep won’t have sex with you. you are unreservedly pathetic, starved for attention, and lost in a land that reality forgot.

     and what meaning do you expect your incessant phone calls of childish, irrelevant rubbish to have with me? what fantasy do you hold that you would believe that your tiny-fisted tantrums would have more weight than that of a leprous desert rat, spinning rabidly in a circle, waiting for the bite of the snake?

     you are a waste of flesh. you have no rhythm. you are ridiculous and obnoxious. you are the moral equivalent of a leech. you are a living emptiness, a meaningless void. you are sour and senile. you are a disease, you puerile one-handed slack-jawed drooling meatslapper.

     on a good day you’re a half-wit. you remind me of drool. you are deficient in all that lends character. you have the personality of wallpaper. you are dank and filthy. you are asinine and benighted. you are the source of all unpleasantness. you spread misery and sorrow wherever you go.

     i cannot believe how incredibly stupid you are. i mean rock-hard stupid. dehydrated-rock-hard stupid. stupid so stupid that it goes way beyond the stupid we know into a whole different dimension of stupid. you are trans-stupid stupid. meta-stupid. stupid collapsed on itself so far that even the neutrons have collapsed. stupid gotten so dense that no intellect can escape. singularity stupid. blazing hot mid-day sun on Mercury stupid. you emit more stupid in one second than our entire galaxy emits in a year. quasar stupid. your “prank calls” have to be a joke. nothing in our universe can really be this stupid. perhaps this is some primordial fragment from the original big bang of stupid. some pure essence of a stupid so uncontaminated by anything else as to be beyond the laws of physics that we know. i’m sorry. i can’t go on. this is an epiphany of stupid for me. after this, you may not hear from me again for a while. i don’t have enough strength left to deride your uninvited calls and half baked comments about unimportant trivia, or any of the rest of this drivel. duh.

     the only thing worse than your logic is your manners. your attempt at constructing a creative call was pitiful. i mean, really, stringing together a bunch of barbecue sauce and vengeful “threats” among a load of babbling was hardly effective…maybe later in life, after you have learned to read, write, spell, and count, you will have more success. true, these are rudimentary skills that many of us "normal” people take for granted that everyone has an easy time of mastering. but we sometimes forget that there are people like you in this world who find these things more difficult. i wish you the best of luck in the emotional, and social struggles that seem to be placing such a demand on you. ❞