Y Hen Llinge and all that: Welsh in The Witcher Series (glossary)
This post is largely my GDrive notes on this subject, but I am a Welsh speaker and have noticed Welsh cropping up a lot in the Witcher series. I'm going to go into a few examples in this post- a word of warning though, there may be spoilers, which I'll mark with a SPOILER WARNING.
The Wiki List:
The wiki contains a glossary of Hen Llinge words alongside their real-world inspirations. Hen Llinge isn't based on Welsh alone, but also Irish, German, English and Latin (among others). The list on the wiki has the following terms marked down as being inspired by Welsh (which I have compiled):
abb (rivermouth), w. Aber
aevon (river) w. Afon
aep (son of) w. Ap
ar (of/on/by) w. Ar
ban (peak/summit) w. Ban (sometimes Fan)
bleidd (wolf) w. Blaidd
breoga (frog) w. Broga
caed (woods) w. Coed
caer/kaer (fortress) w. Caer
col (mountainpass) w. Dol
conyn (plantstalk) w. Coesyn
craag (rocks) w. Crag
darganfod (discovery) w. Darganfod
darl’len (read) w. Darllen
dhu (black) w. Du
dol (valley/dale) w. Dôl
gláeddyv (sword) w. Cleddyf
glean (bottom) w. Glan
gwyn (white) w. Gwyn
gwynbleidd (white wolf) w. Blaidd Gwyn
gwent (wind) w. Gwynt
hen (old) w. Hen
holl (all) w. Holl
marw (to die) w. Marw
ninnau (ourselves) w. Ninnau
pont (bridge) w. Pont
stráede (road) w. Stryd
tir (land) w. Tir
tor (tower) w. Twr
uniade (a joining (n.) w. Uniad
wen (white) w. -wen
ymladda (fight) w. Ymlad
The terms in the wiki are terms created for the TV series- the terms created for the books and games are similar, but the TV lexicon is much more expanded than the book and game corpuses.
Words on the Wiki not labelled as Welsh:
These terms are on the wiki but have no origin listed. I believe they likely have Welsh inspiration (especially the last one):
ghar (word) w. Gair
inis (island) w. Ynys (see also: Irish)
ysgarthiad (shit, excreted waste) w. Ysgarthiad
The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt
These terms are terms I have heard in the dialogue or seen in-game in Wild Hunt. They are not included in the wiki as they are game terms. They are also only possibly inspired by Welsh as I am not a dev, so I cannot be certain, however, I have chosen the ones I feel are likely inspired by Welsh in at least some capacity.
(SPOILER WARNING: references to Witcher 3 Characters and actions central to plot ahead!)
mor (very/how/as) w. Mor (from location Caer Morhen)
aval (apple) w. Afal (from personal name Aval’lach)
caniatad (permission) w. Caniatâd (from the spell that transforms Aval’lach back to elf, 14:27)
nevid (change) w. Newid (from the spell that transforms Aval’lach back to elf, 14:27)
cyvir (correct) w. Cywir (from the spell that transforms Aval’lach back to elf, 14:27)
taron (thunder) w. Taran (from the spell that transforms Aval’lach back to elf, 14:27)
caeffyl (horse) w. Ceffyl (from the spell by Kiera Metz to transform white mice into white horses, 3:40)
mab (young man/son) w. Mab (from “Aen N'og Mab Taedh'morc”)
cor (choir) w. Côr (potentially a match, from “Aen N'og Mab Taedh'morc”)
me (me/ I) w. Mi (potentially a match, from “Aen N'og Mab Taedh'morc”)
y (the) w. Y (from location Aevon y Pont ar Gwennelen)
carraigh (rock) w. Carreg (from location Ard Carraigh)
llygad (eye) w. Llygad (from location Seidhe Llygad)
ess'tedd (meeting/to sit and meet) w. Eistedd (from “Darl'len, Aen Seidhe!”)
dol (valley) w. dol (from location name “Dol Niev’de”
niev (nine) w. nief (heaven) (from location name “Dol Niev’de”
This is just a glossary of terms for now- I plan to write a proper post about in-game texts at some point (though I am very busy right now with undergrad). I hope you enjoy this first segment at least! Let me know what you think about Welsh in games/media.
Tagging a few folks who might enjoy this post because some of the Welsh is straight up not changed. I found it quite funny in the magic spell cutscenes because I understood every word. Looking at you Keira Metz saying 'tair caeffyl gwyn' to summon 3 white horses!!!
@duine-aiteach @dragonleighs @crynwr-drwg @convolution @margridarnauds
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