#how to input values into an array in c++

[peeterjoot]

Pascal's triangle: binomial coefficients, value and recurrence relation

[Click here for a PDF version of this post] I saw an interesting solution of an introductory programming source sample problem, showing how to display Pascal’s triangle up to a given size. For example, given input \( n = 5 \), the output should be like: \begin{equation*} \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 1 \quad 1 \\ 1 \quad 2 \quad 1 \\ 1 \quad 3 \quad 3 \quad 1 \\ 1 \quad 4 \quad 6 \quad 4 \quad 1 \\ 1…

[itechburner]

What is TensorFlow? Understanding This Machine Learning Library

In this developing era of machine learning and deep learning, a question always arises: what is TensorFlow? It is a free to use library for artificial intelligence and ML. It can be used to perform various tasks but is specifically focused on integration and training of deep neural networks. It was developed in Google by the Google Brain team in 2015. 

In the starting of 2011, Google released an updated version with various features. Since then, it has received a huge demand in the industry for its excellent features. Considering its huge popularity, people always ask "what does TensorFlow do?" This article gives the proper understanding of this library along with its benefits and applications.

What is TensorFlow?

It is an open-source library introduced by Google primarily for deep learning operations. It was firstly developed to perform huge numerical computations, but not for deep learning applications. Now it supports numerical computations for various workloads, such as ML, DL and other predictive and statistical analysis.  

It collects data in the form of multi dimensional arrays of higher dimensions called tensors. These arrays are very convenient and helpful to collect and store a huge amount of data. This tool works according to data flow graphs that have edges and nodes. It is very simple to execute its code in a distributed manner among a cluster of computers.

How Does TensorFlow Work?

This library enables users to create dataflow graphs for a better representation of data flow in graphs. The graph has two factors: nodes and edges. Nodes represent a mathematical operation and the connection between nodes is called edge. This process takes inputs in the form of a multidimensional array. Users can also create a flowchart of operations that has to perform on these inputs.   

What is TensorFlow in Machine Learning?

What is TensorFlow in machine learning? It is an open-source machine learning framework. It is mostly used in developing and deploying ML models. Its demand in this field is due to its excellent flexibility. It helps to implement a variety of algorithms to perform operations. These operations includes:

Robotics

Healthcare

Fraud Detection

Generative Models

Speech Recognition

Reinforcement Learning

Recommendation Systems

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Image Recognition and Classification

Time Series Analysis and Forecasting

Components of TensorFlow

The working of this tool can be easily understood by breaking it into its components. It can be divided into the following factors: 

Tensor 

The name TensorFlow is borrowed from its main framework, “Tensor”. A tensor is a vector of a n-dimensional matrix that demonstrates all kinds of data. All values in tensor are similar in data types with an informed shape. The shape of the data represents the dimension of the matrix. It can be generated by inputs or results of the process. 

Graphs

This tool mostly works on graph framework. The chart collects and describes all the computations completed during the process. It can run on multiple CPUs or GPUs and mobile operating systems. The portability of the graph allows it to conserve the computations for current or later use. All of the computation is executed by connecting tensors together.

For instance, consider an expression, such as:  a= (b+c)*(c+2)

This function can be break into components as: d=b+c, e=c+2, a=d*e

Graphical representation of the expression -

Session

A session is used to exclude the operation out of the graph. It helps to feed the graph with the tensor value. Inside a session, an operation must run in order to create an output. It is also used to evaluate the nodes. Here is an example of session:

Features of TensorFlow

This tool has an interactive multi-platform programming interface. It is more reliable and scalable compared to other DL platforms. The following features proves the popularity of this library:

Flexible

Open Source

Easily Trainable

Feature Columns

Large Community

Layered Components

Responsive Construct

Visualizer (with TensorBoard)

Parallel Neural Network Training

Availability of Statistical Distributions

Applications of TensorFlow

Many newcomers to the field of artificial intelligence often ask, 'What does TensorFlow do?’ It is an open-source platform designed for machine learning and DL operations. Here are some the applications of this library- 

1. Voice Recognition

It is one of the most popular use cases of this library. It is built on neural networks. These networks are capable of understanding voice signals if they have a proper input data feed. It is used for voice search, sentimental analysis, voice recognition and understanding audio signals.

The use case is widely popular in smartphone manufactures and mobile OS developers. This is used for voice assistance, such as Apple’s Siri, Microsoft Cortana and Google Assistance. It is also used in speech-to-text applications to convert audios into texts.   

2. Image Recognition

This use case is majorly used in social media and smartphones. Image recognition, image search, motion detection, computer vision and image clustering are its common usage. Google Lens and Meta’s deep face are examples of image recognition technology. This deep learning method can identify an object in an image never seen before. 

Healthcare industries are also using image recognition for quick diagnosis. TensorFlow algorithms help to recognise patterns and process data faster than humans. This procedure can detect illnesses and health issues faster than ever.    

3. Recommendation  

Recommendation is another method used today to form patterns and data forecasting. It helps to derive meaningful statistics along with recommended actions. It is used in various leading companies, such as Netflix, Amazon, Google etc. These applications always suggest the product according to customer preferences. 

4. Video Detection

These algorithms can also be used in video data. This is used in real-time threat detection, motion detection, gaming and security. NASA is using this technology to build a system for object clustering. It can help to predict and classify NEOs (Near Earth Objects) like orbits and asteroids. 

5. Text-Based Applications 

Text-based applications are also a popular use case of this library. Sentiment analysis, threat detection, social media, and fraud detection are some of the basic examples. Language detection and translation are other use cases of this tool.  Various companies like Google, AirBnb, eBay, Intel, DropBox, DeepMind, Airbus, CEVA, etc are using this library.

Final Words

This article has explained 'what is tensor flow'. It is a powerful open-source tool for machine learning and deep learning. It helps to create deep neural networks to support diverse applications like robotics, healthcare, fraud detection, etc. It is also used to perform large numerical computations. It provides data flow graphs to process multi-dimensional arrays called tensors. You can learn TensorFlow and get TensorFlow Certification.

Its components, such as tensors, graphs and sessions, helps in computation across CPUs, GPUs, and mobile devices. It has various features including flexibility, ease of training and extensive community support. It provides robust abilities, such as parallel neural network training and visualizations with TensorBoard. This makes it a cornerstone tool in the AI and ML landscape.

[sizzlingcreatorcycle]

Learn Best C Programming Language Courses

C Language is one of the most basic or beginner C Programming Languages Course, C Language has had a direct bearing on most of the programming languages that have evolved out of it, and one must at least have an understanding of what is C Language in order to be able to boss any language around. As getting complete knowledge of programming languages is very crucial and essential to enter the world of development which is considered to be the most competitive ad prestigious profession and high paying job in today’s world. So to begin the journey of learning C, you can do so with some of the best courses.

Takeoff upskill today we are going to discuss the 10 Best C Programming Courses for Beginners: these are the best courses offering you good content for learning and at the meantime issued a certificate after completion of the course. To summarize, let’s consider each of them in detail, and perhaps you will decide which method is more suitable for you.

Takeoff upskill should first read some of the C programming language information before explaining the best courses to take for C programming.

Introduction to C Programming:

An overview of C language and where it fits.

Environmental planning (IDEs- for instance VS Code, Dev-C++, etc.).

The bare structure of a C program includes the following categories:

The first process that you need to go through when writing a “Hello World” program involves writing your first program and compiling it.

Variables and Data Types:

Knowledge regarding the different variable types that are available like integers, floating-point numbers, character, etc.

Declaring and initializing variables.

Basic arithmetic operations.

Control Flow:

Conditional statements (if-else, switch-case).

Control of experiments through looping structures such as for, while, do while.

Annotation of code using breaks and continues.

Functions:

Functions and their significance for calculating regularities.

Function declaration and definition.

Passing arguments to functions.

Returning values from functions.

Arrays and Strings:

Declaring and initializing arrays.

Accessing array elements.

Input-output (printf, scan, etc.), string manipulations (strcpy, strcat, strlen, etc.)

Multi-dimensional arrays.

Pointers:

What pointers are, why there are used, and how they and memory addresses?

Pointer arithmetic.

Pointers and arrays.

Malloc, calloc, realloc for dynamic memory allocation and free to free the memory space allocated dynamically.

Structures and Unions:

Defining and using structures.

Accessing structure members.

Nested structures.

Introduction to unions.

File Handling:

Reading and writing files from C (structuring, opening, accessing and closing).

Position(s) of the file (open, read-only, write-only or append)

Different methods, which should be implemented for error handling while processing the files.

Preprocessor Directives:

Significantly, one of the areas that most students face great trouble in is tackling pre-processor directives (#define, #include, #ifdef, etc.)

Taking advantage of macros throughout the program’s code to reduce code redundancy and increase signal-to-clutter ratio, thus improving code readability and maintainability.

Advanced Topics:

Recursion.

Enumerations.

Typedef.

Bitwise operations.

Command line arguments.

Best Practices and Tips:

Coding conventions and standards.

Debugging techniques.

Memory management practices.

Performance optimization tips.

Projects and Exercises:

Giving out a few Specific tasks and activities that come under the topic in question so as to ensure that the knowledge imparted is put into practice.

So if you’re looking for a project that will allow you to use C programming, the following are some suggestions to consider.

CONCLUSION:

All of these topics can be developed into full-scale articles, with various examples and subtopics further elaborated with actual code snippets and describes. To encourage the reader, they can also include quizzes or coding challenges at the end of each section for the reader to solve before moving to the next section. However, using the samples for download and the exercises which are usually included in the lessons make the lessons more effective.

[trouwnutritionsouthasia]

Feed Safety and Performance with Organic Acids

The need for organic acids

Since animal feed represents the largest financial input in livestock production, it is essential to ensure your investment is protected. At Selko, we have conducted extensive research revealing that interventions to support safety, stability and shelf life can make feed safer and improve feed and livestock producers’ margins.

Spoilage can lead to significant losses for producers. Microbes such as bacteria, yeast and moulds can consume valuable nutrients in feed and produce harmful substances like mycotoxins. Spoilage due to lost nutrients has been estimated to result in losses that range from 5% to 100% of a feed’s nutritional value. Adequate safeguards are necessary to prevent moulds, yeasts, and other microorganisms from proliferating and degrading nutritional value.

Beyond the loss of micronutrients like thiamine and lysine, which are essential for animal performance, yeasts and moulds adversely affect the economic value of ingredients, harming the producer’s investment. Furthermore, harmful bacteria, such as Salmonella, are able to be transmitted to food, possibly affecting human health.   

Organic acids for safe feed production

Understanding organic acids and their synergies helps maintain safety, shelf-life, and quality of animal feed. During processing and storage, it is possible to use validated blends of buffered organic acids to safeguard against microbial threats. Their preservative effect enables them to protect against harmful bacteria and fungi.

However, to use organic acids effectively, it’s necessary to understand their modes of action and how best to combine them into effective feed safety solutions. Each organic acid exerts a specific property that has a variable effect against different species of moulds. The metabolic and absorption properties of the different organic acids also differ, and the strengths of acidity per the pKa vary. As a result, one single organic acid cannot deliver the comprehensive benefits needed to protect against microbial threats. To ensure a broad-spectrum effect against enterobacteria, moulds and yeasts common in feed ingredients and finished feeds requires a blend of different acids with different properties.

Organic acids can also support the durability of feed safety interventions after the feed is produced. This is not possible to achieve through using one single organic acid to deal with all the complex safety challenges that exist.

Moisture management agents in organic acid blends also help ensure that the active complex penetrates deep into feed particles, helping the active solution to be better absorbed and retained by feed. By releasing the antimould complex over time through buffering, the blend can prolong feed shelf life further.

Organic acids for animal performance and health

Organic acids help prevent animals from taking in harmful microbials through effective feed safety applications. In addition, specific blends of buffered and non-buffered organic acids and additional additives can optimise gut health and overall animal performance. Selko's organic acids also support animal performance, helping make it possible to produce animal protein without the use of antibiotics.

Depending on the desired mode of action in the animal, it is possible to tailor feed additives in order to deliver the required properties – such as preventing bacterial intake in feed and water, improving the feed conversion ratio, supporting digestion, strengthening gut barrier function, stabilising microbiota in the animal, and supporting health and vitality through immunomodulation.

However, it is always necessary to prove the efficacy of any nutritional intervention. Multiple scientific studies have demonstrated the benefits of organic acid blends delivered through feed and water. We have studied the effects of specific blends of organic acids in controlled laboratory studies, on an array of validation farms and through collaborative projects conducted around the globe.

Conclusion

The utilization of organic acids in livestock feed production offers multifaceted benefits crucial for safeguarding both animal health and producer investments. By addressing microbial threats through a blend of carefully selected organic acids, feed safety can be significantly enhanced, thereby minimizing spoilage, nutrient loss, and potential health risks associated with harmful microorganisms like Salmonella.

organic acid blends not only extends feed shelf life but also supports animal performance and health by optimizing gut health, improving feed conversion ratios, and bolstering immunity without resorting to antibiotics

Through extensive scientific validation, it's evident that organic acids act through two primary modes

Acidifying the environment and inhibiting bacterial growth, underscoring their efficacy in preserving feed quality and ensuring livestock welfare

Embracing organic acid interventions represents a proactive and sustainable approach towards maximizing feed safety, performance, and overall profitability in livestock production.

Related Products and Programs

Fytera

[joelcriley]

Navigating the Maze - A Journey Through Labor Relations and HR Management

Meet Joel Riley CT, a seasoned senior executive in the complex world of human resources. This visionary leader's influence in the field extends across multiple facets, including employee relations, compensation structures, and labor contracts, resulting in transformative changes. His professional journey, marked by more than twenty years of consistent growth, has seen him not only master the delicate art of negotiation. He has also established a unique blend of leadership and supervisory styles that are now synonymous with his name.

His comprehensive understanding of HR functions, laws, and management combined with his exceptional skills in conducting investigations and providing training has allowed him to serve in multiple management roles, each with increasing levels of responsibility. His influence and contributions are the fruit of his vast experience and solid academic foundation. He received a Master of Science in Law/Criminal Justice from the University of New Haven and a Bachelor of Science in Public Administration & Political Science from the University of Rhode Island.

This article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted journey undertaken by our visionary executive. It seeks to unravel the intricate tapestry of their career, showcasing the diverse array of roles they have assumed in various management positions. From the inception of small startups to the echelons of large corporations, our executive's expertise has been the linchpin driving successful labor relations, innovative HR functions, and the implementation of comprehensive employee training programs.

This exploration delves deeply into the nuances of their leadership approach—an approach championed by Joel C Riley, that not only vigorously encourages collaboration among team members but also places an exceptional emphasis on the development of unique individual talents. By meticulously analyzing the subtle details of their management philosophy, we garner precious insights into how this distinguished executive, through his strategic vision and adept leadership, has nurtured a work environment where every individual is not merely a small component in an operational machine, but is rather a significant contributor, an essential piece, in the grand puzzle of the organization's success. Every team member's input is valued, and their potential maximized, resulting in not just the achievement of corporate goals, but also the personal growth of each team member.

One cannot fully appreciate the depth of our executive's capabilities without delving into the academic foundation that underpins their strategic acumen. The journey begins with a Master of Science in Law/Criminal Justice from the University of New Haven, a degree that equipped them with a unique perspective in managing the intricate web of human resources. This academic prowess serves as a compass, guiding our executive through the labyrinth of legal frameworks and ethical considerations inherent in the realm of labor relations.

Joel Riley Wallingford CT, through his educational journey, has laid the groundwork for his professional career, his Bachelor of Science in Public Administration & Political Science from the University of Rhode Island being a key element in this journey. This degree, aimed at understanding public policy and the intricate mechanisms of political structures, provides him with an exceptional perspective. This knowledge and understanding enabled him to navigate through the complex labyrinth of organizational dynamics, effectively managing the delicate balance between the internal operations of an organization and the ubiquitous impact of external influences. This strong foundation, coupled with his extensive experience, makes Joel Riley CT an expert in addressing and resolving the multifaceted challenges that arise in the realm of human resources and labor relations.

The synergy of these academic achievements’ manifests in a leader who not only comprehends the legal intricacies surrounding human resources but also navigates the political landscape that often shapes labor relations. This holistic perspective enables our executive to craft strategies that go beyond mere compliance, fostering an environment where legal requirements harmonize with the organization's ethos and values.

Beyond the academic realm, the executive's journey unfolds through a series of pivotal roles that have contributed to their comprehensive understanding of human resources management. In the crucible of small startups, they honed their skills in crafting nimble and adaptable strategies, navigating the challenges unique to emerging enterprises. The ability to build frameworks from the ground up showcases a visionary capacity to anticipate and address the evolving needs of a dynamic workforce.

Transitioning to leadership roles in large corporations, our executive's influence expanded exponentially. Here, their adept negotiation skills and innovative approaches to compensation structures became instrumental in fostering positive labor relations. Through careful orchestration, they transformed HR functions from mere administrative tasks into strategic pillars that contributed significantly to the overall success of the organizations they served.

One noteworthy aspect of our executives’ journey is their commitment to fostering a collaborative team culture. Their leadership model is not a hierarchical monolith but rather a dynamic ecosystem where each team member's strengths are acknowledged and leveraged. This approach not only enhances productivity but also creates a workplace where individuals feel empowered to contribute their unique skills, fostering an environment that nurtures both personal and professional growth.

As we navigate the labyrinth of our executive's career, it becomes evident that their journey is characterized by a relentless pursuit of excellence and a commitment to evolving with the ever-changing landscape of HR management. Whether championing the rights of employees, crafting innovative compensation structures, or spearheading cutting-edge training programs, this visionary leader has left an indelible mark on the field of human resources.

The journey through labor relations and management, as epitomized by our esteemed professional, Joel Riley CT, is a profound testament to the seamless synergy between academic mastery and its practical application in the real world. This voyage is punctuated by an unwavering adaptability, a strategic vision capable of anticipating future trends, and a deep-seated commitment to cultivating a flourishing work environment where every individual can achieve their full potential. As we reflect on this remarkable odyssey, we find ourselves compelled to acknowledge the indelible impact of a leader whose influence extends well beyond the sterile confines of corporate boardrooms. This inspirational figure has not only shaped the landscape of contemporary human resources management but also left an enduring legacy that will continue to reverberate through the industry for years to come.

[flutteragency]

Binder: Flutter State Management

Binder is a Flutter state management library that makes it easy to build scalable and maintainable applications. It uses a hierarchical data structure and a reactive programming paradigm to handle state changes in a declarative and predictable way. If you want to implement the Binder Flutter state management library then you can hire a Flutter developer from the leading Flutter app development company.

Flutter: An Overview

Developing a mobile application is a difficult task. We are given an array of frameworks to use while developing mobile applications. IOS and Android offer native frameworks built with the Objective-C / Swift programming languages. Android offers us a native framework based on the Java language.

However, we must use separate frameworks and two different coding languages to develop an application supporting both OSs. Mobile frameworks supporting both OSs exist to help overcome this confusion. These frameworks range from simple HTML-based hybrid frameworks for mobile applications (using JavaScript for application logic and HTML for the user interface) to complex language-specific frameworks (which handle the tedious task of translating code to native code). Furthermore, these frameworks usually have several errors, one of which is their slow performance.

By utilizing the Flutter framework, developers may create beautiful and responsive user experiences for several platforms with a single codebase. It uses the Dart programming language to write applications, which Google also makes. Developers can design aesthetically pleasing and high-performing apps with Flutter’s layered architecture, reactive framework, and rendering engine.

State Management

State management in Flutter is crucial to building reliable and practical applications. Modern applications are becoming increasingly complicated; thus, it’s critical to maintain their state in an efficient and organized way. Using the “Binder” package is a popular Flutter state management strategy. This post will discuss Binder and how it can assist developers in efficiently controlling the state of their Flutter apps.

Define Binder

The binder is a Flutter state management package intended to make managing the application state more manageable and consistent. It allows developers to handle state changes declaratively and reactively, enabling them to create scalable and maintainable applications.

Essential Concepts in Binder

1. State: Your application’s current data is represented by the state in Binder. It might be a complex data structure or as essential as a single value. Since the state is immutable, direct modifications are not possible. Instead, a new state instance is created each time there is a change.

2. Binder: In your application, a Binder is a class holding a particular state. It monitors the status and alerts the widgets that depend on it to any changes. You can combine binders to demonstrate your application in every aspect.

4. Binding: Binding connects a widget to a particular state object under Binder’s management. When a widget is bound to a state, the UI is always up to date with the data because the widget rebuilds itself automatically whenever the state changes.

3. Actions: Events or user behaviors that have a chance to alter the state are represented by actions. Actions that include the logic for changing the state in response to these events can be defined using binders. Multiple factors can cause actions to happen, like user input or network responses.

Key classes for integrating Binder into practice are:

BinderScope()- One widget that stores a portion of the application state is BinderScope().

An application using Flutter possesses a minimum of one BinderScope. At the base of the Flutter widget tree is an ideal spot for it.

void main() => runApp(BinderScope(child: MyApp()));

LogicLoader()- is a widget that can load resources when added to the tree.

For instance, the first time this widget develops, you can use it to load data from the repository.

Installation: Using Binder to Get Started

To begin utilizing Binder in your Flutter project, follow these easy steps:

a. Include the Binder dependency in the pubspec.yaml file for your project’s “dependency” section.

Dependency:

binder: ^0.4.0

b. Define the model classes corresponding to your application’s various states.

c. Set up an instance of Binder and bind your models to it.

d. Wrap the UI elements that are dependent on the state using the BinderScope widget that is provided.

e. Use the BinderScope and the model instances to access and change the state.

Implementation of Code

Let’s take a more descriptive look at the binder. The project code, created with Binder, is shown below.

main.dart:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

import 'package:binder/binder.dart';

import 'package:myapp/counter.dart';

import 'package:myapp/logic.dart';

void main() {

runApp(const MyApp());

}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

@override

Widget build(BuildContext context) {

return const MaterialApp(

home: BinderScope(

child: CounterPage(),

),

);

}

}

class CounterPage extends StatelessWidget {

const CounterPage({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

@override

Widget build(BuildContext context) {

final counter = context.watch(counterRef);

return Scaffold(

appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Binder Counter')),

body: Center(

child: Container(

color: Colors.blueGrey,

height: 200,

width: 300,

child: Column(

mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,

children: [

const Text(

'Flutter Agency',

style: TextStyle(fontSize: 24.0, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold),

),

const SizedBox(

height: 30,

),

Text(

'Count: $counter',

style: const TextStyle(

fontSize: 20.0,

fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,

),

),

],

),

),

),

floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(

onPressed: () => context.use(counterLogic).increment(),

tooltip: 'Increment',

child: const Icon(Icons.add),

),

);

}

}

logic.dart

import 'package:binder/binder.dart';

import 'package:login_page/counter.dart';

final counterLogic = LogicRef((scope) => CounterLogic(scope: scope));

class CounterLogic with Logic {

const CounterLogic({required this.scope});

@override

final Scope scope;

void increment() {

write(counterRef, read(counterRef) + 1);

}

}

counter.dart

import 'package:binder/binder.dart';

final counterRef = StateRef(0);

class Counter {

const Counter({required this.count});

final int count;

Counter copyWith({int? count}) {

return Counter(count: count ?? this.count);

}

}

Output

Conclusion

Building Flutter apps requires effective state management, and Binder is a solid way to make this process easier. With Binder’s declarative and reactive features, you can effectively handle state updates and keep your UI components in sync with the underlying data. Consider using Binder for your next Flutter project because of its ease of use, scoped state management, and integration advantages. If you need help getting started, Flutter Agency is a leading Flutter app development company that can help you build high-quality, scalable, and maintainable Flutter apps using Binder.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is Binder?

The binder is a state management library for Flutter that aims to simplify the process of managing the application state and making it more predictable. Binder’s declarative and reactive state management makes it easy to build scalable and maintainable applications.

2. What are the key benefits of using Binder?

Binder offers several key benefits, including: Simplicity: The binder is easy to learn and use, even for beginners. Predictability: Binder makes it easy to predict how your application will behave in response to state changes. Scalability: Binder is designed to scale to large and complex applications. Maintainability: Binder makes it easy to write and maintain maintainable code.

3. How does Binder work?

Binder works by using an immutable hierarchical data structure to represent the application state. When a change occurs, Binder creates a new state instance and updates all dependent widgets.

Content Source: https://flutteragency.com/binder-flutter-state-management/

[rewirelessify]

Wireless Speaker Glossary

Go to the letter you came here for:   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  

                 A

Amplifier

Amplifier (noun): An electronic device that amplifies the audio signal from a source, such as a microphone or music player, and increases the power of the sound to drive speakers.

Audio

Audio (noun/adjective): Refers to sound, music, or speech that is recorded, broadcasted, or played back. Audio can also describe equipment, such as speakers or microphones, used for recording or playing back sound.

Acoustics

Acoustics (noun): The scientific study of sound and how it behaves in various environments, such as a room or auditorium. Understanding acoustics is important for designing and optimizing speaker systems for different spaces.

Alexa

Alexa (noun): A virtual assistant developed by Amazon that can interact with smart speakers to perform various tasks, such as playing music, setting reminders, and controlling smart home devices.

AirPlay

AirPlay (noun): A proprietary wireless streaming protocol developed by Apple that allows users to stream audio and video content from Apple devices to compatible speakers or televisions.

Active

Active (adjective): Refers to speakers that have their own built-in amplifier and power source, allowing them to produce sound without needing to be connected to an external amplifier.

Audio Jack

Audio jack (noun): A connector that allows headphones or speakers to be plugged into an audio device, such as a phone or computer.

Array

Array (noun): A group of speakers arranged in a specific configuration to achieve a desired sound coverage or directionality, such as a line array or a subwoofer array.

AptX

AptX (noun): A wireless audio codec developed by Qualcomm that can deliver high-quality audio over Bluetooth connections, with lower latency and better audio quality than standard Bluetooth audio.

Analog

Analog (adjective): Refers to audio signals that are represented by continuously varying electrical signals, as opposed to digital signals that are represented by discrete binary values. Analog speakers are typically powered by an analog amplifier.

                                        Back to top

                 B

Bluetooth

Bluetooth - (noun) a wireless technology used for exchanging data over short distances between electronic devices, including speakers. Bluetooth-enabled speakers can connect to devices like smartphones and laptops without the need for cords or wires.

Bass

Bass - (noun) the low-frequency sound in music or other audio that gives it a full, rich quality. Many speakers, particularly subwoofers, are designed to emphasize or enhance bass frequencies for a more powerful sound.

Bookshelf Speaker

Bookshelf speaker - (noun) a compact speaker designed to sit on a shelf or other flat surface, typically used for home audio systems. Bookshelf speakers come in a variety of sizes and power levels and can be used for both stereo and surround sound setups.

Blackout

Blackout - (noun) a term used to describe a speaker that has been damaged or destroyed due to excessive volume or power input. Overdriving a speaker can cause its internal components to melt or burn, resulting in a loss of sound quality or total failure.

Balanced Input

Balanced input - (noun) a type of input found on some speakers that provides a noise-free signal by canceling out any common-mode signals that may be present. Balanced inputs are often used in professional audio settings, such as recording studios or live sound setups.

Beamforming

Beamforming - (noun) a signal processing technique used in some speakers to focus sound waves in a specific direction, allowing for better clarity and reduced distortion. Beamforming is often used in home theater systems or other setups where directional sound is important.

Bass reflex

Bass reflex - (noun) a type of speaker design that uses a port or opening to enhance the low-frequency sound produced by the speaker. Bass reflex speakers can produce more bass than similarly sized sealed speakers, but may require more power to operate.

Bluetooth Range

Bluetooth range - (noun) the maximum distance over which a Bluetooth-enabled speaker can connect to a device. Bluetooth range can vary depending on the strength of the speaker's antenna, as well as any physical barriers that may be present between the speaker and the device.

Binding Post

Binding post - (noun) a type of speaker connector that allows for easy attachment and removal of speaker wires. Binding posts can be found on the back of many speakers and are often color-coded to indicate which wire goes where.

Bridge-Tied Load

Bridge-tied load - (noun) a type of amplifier circuit often used in subwoofers that allows for higher power output and better efficiency. Bridge-tied load circuits use two amplifier channels to drive a single speaker, effectively doubling the amount of power that can be delivered.

       Back to top

                C

Chromecast

Chromecast (noun) - A streaming device that plugs into a TV's HDMI port, allowing users to stream content from their mobile devices or computer to their TV.

Connectivity

Connectivity (noun) - The ability of a device to connect to other devices or networks, often used to describe the range and strength of wireless connections.

Crossover

Crossover (noun) - A device or circuit that splits a single audio signal into separate frequency bands, allowing each band to be sent to a separate speaker.

Coaxial

Coaxial (adjective) - Referring to a type of cable that has a central conductor surrounded by an insulating layer and a shield, commonly used for transmitting audio or video signals.

Compression

Compression (noun) - The process of reducing the dynamic range of an audio signal, often used to make recordings sound louder.

Calibration

Calibration (noun) - The process of adjusting a speaker or sound system to produce the most accurate and balanced sound possible.

Clarity

Clarity (noun) - The quality of sound that allows individual sounds or instruments to be heard distinctly.

Crossover Frequency

Crossover frequency (noun) - The frequency at which a crossover circuit splits an audio signal into separate frequency bands.

Channel

Channel (noun) - A discrete audio signal that is part of a multi-channel audio system, such as a 5.1 surround sound system.

Ceiling Speaker

Ceiling speaker (noun) - A speaker that is installed in the ceiling, often used in home theater or distributed audio systems.

Center Channel

Center channel (noun) - The speaker in a multi-channel audio system that is responsible for reproducing dialogue and other centre-focused sounds.

Cabinet

Cabinet (noun) - The enclosure that houses the speaker drivers and other components in a speaker system.

Cone

Cone (noun) - The part of a speaker driver that moves back and forth to produce sound waves.

Class D

Class D (adjective) - Referring to a type of amplifier that uses pulse-width modulation to achieve high efficiency and low distortion.

Cutoff Frequency

Cutoff frequency (noun) - The frequency at which a filter begins to attenuate a signal, often used in crossover circuits.

Compression

Compression driver (noun) - A type of speaker driver that uses a diaphragm and a compression chamber to produce high-frequency sound waves.

Ceiling Mount

Ceiling mount (noun) - A type of mounting system that allows speakers to be mounted flush with the ceiling, often used in home theater or distributed audio systems.

Coherence

Coherence (noun) - The quality of sound that allows individual sounds or instruments to blend together harmoniously.

Cable Management

Cable management (noun) - The practice of organizing and concealing cables to improve the appearance and functionality of a speaker or sound system.

Component

Component (noun) - A part or module that is part of a larger speaker or sound system, such as a driver, crossover, or amplifier.  

            Back to top

                   D

  Driver

Driver (noun) - The component of a speaker that converts electrical signals into sound waves. It consists of a magnet, voice coil, and diaphragm, and is responsible for the quality and accuracy of the sound produced by the speaker.

Diaphragm

Diaphragm (noun) - The part of the driver that vibrates to produce sound waves. It is usually made of paper, plastic, or metal, and its size and shape can affect the sound characteristics of the speaker.

DSP

DSP (noun) - Digital Signal Processor; a microchip that optimizes sound quality by processing digital audio signals in real-time. It can enhance bass, treble, and other sound parameters to create a more dynamic and immersive listening experience.

Docking Station

Docking station (noun) - A device that allows you to charge and play music from a portable speaker. It typically has a slot or connector that the speaker can dock onto, and may also have additional features like remote control or radio.

Distortion

Distortion (noun) - Any unwanted alteration of the sound signal that can result in a loss of clarity or fidelity. It can be caused by factors like speaker overload, clipping, or interference, and can be minimized by using high-quality components and proper speaker placement.

Decibel

Decibel (noun) - A unit of measurement for sound intensity, with 0 dB representing the threshold of human hearing and 120 dB representing the threshold of pain. It is used to compare the loudness of different speakers or sound systems.

Dual

Dual (adjective) - Referring to speakers that have two drivers per enclosure, usually a woofer and a tweeter. This can improve the sound quality and range of the speaker by allowing each driver to specialize in a specific frequency range.

Dolby

Dolby (proper noun) - A company that produces audio processing technology, including noise reduction, surround sound, and audio compression. It is widely used in movie theaters, home theaters, and other audio applications.

Dynamic

Dynamic (adjective) - Referring to speakers that have drivers that move in response to the signal, creating sound waves through the diaphragm's vibration. This can create a more natural and lively sound compared to speakers with static drivers.

Digital

Digital (adjective) - Referring to audio signals that are represented as numerical values. Digital audio is often used in wireless speakers, where it can be transmitted without loss of quality over Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other wireless protocols.

Directional

Directional (adjective) - Referring to speakers that are designed to project sound in a particular direction, usually by using a horn or other reflective surface. This can be useful in large rooms or outdoor settings where sound needs to be focused on a specific area

Dome

Dome (noun) - A type of diaphragm shape used in some speaker drivers. It is usually made of thin, lightweight material and has a dome-shaped profile that can improve the high-frequency response of the driver.

Delay

Delay (noun) - A time delay used to synchronize sound from multiple speakers in a system. It can be used to compensate for differences in distance or orientation between the speakers and the listener, creating a more cohesive and immersive sound field.

Damping

Damping (noun) - The reduction of unwanted vibrations in a speaker enclosure or driver. It can be achieved through materials like rubber or foam, and can improve the overall sound quality of the speaker by reducing distortion and resonances.

Directivity

Directivity (noun) - The ability of a speaker to direct sound waves in a specific pattern. This can be achieved through the design of the driver, the shape of the enclosure, or the use of acoustic.  

                               Back to top

                  E

  Echo

Echo (Noun) - An Amazon product line that includes smart speakers and displays that use the Alexa voice assistant to respond to voice commands and control smart home devices.

EQ

EQ (Acronym) -Short for equalizer, a feature found on many audio devices and software that adjusts the balance of frequencies in audio output, often used to enhance or fine-tune sound quality.

Electrostatic

Electrostatic (Adjective) - A type of speaker technology that uses a thin, electrically-charged diaphragm to produce sound, resulting in highly accurate and detailed audio output.

Enclosure

Enclosure (Noun) - The structure that houses the components of a speaker, including the drivers, crossover, and ports, and can greatly affect the sound quality and characteristics of a speaker.

Ethernet

Ethernet (Noun) - A type of wired networking technology that can be used to connect speakers or other audio devices to a network or the internet, enabling features like remote control and streaming.

Expansion

Expansion (Noun )- A feature found on some wireless speaker systems that allows for the addition of additional speakers, typically through the use of wireless connectivity, to create a multi-room or whole-home audio system.

External

External (Adjective) - Refers to speakers or other audio devices that are designed to be used outside, such as outdoor speakers or portable speakers that can be taken on the go.  

                                 Back to top

                 F

  Frequency Response

Frequency Response (Noun): This term describes the range of frequencies that a speaker can produce, measured in Hertz (Hz). A wider frequency response indicates that a speaker can produce a wider range of sounds, including lower bass and higher treble.

Full-Range

Full-range (Adjective): A full-range speaker is a type of speaker that is designed to reproduce a wide range of frequencies, typically from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. These speakers are often used in home theater and audio systems, as they can produce a full, rich sound.

Front-Firing

Front-firing (Adjective): A front-firing speaker is one that is designed to direct sound waves toward the listener. This is in contrast to a down-firing speaker, which directs sound waves toward the ground. Front-firing speakers are often used in home theater systems, as they can produce a more direct and focused sound.

Free Field

Free field (Noun): A free field speaker is a type of speaker that is designed to be used in a large, open space, such as an outdoor area or a large hall. These speakers are designed to produce a wide dispersion of sound, so that they can be heard clearly from a distance.

Frequency Range

Frequency range (Noun): The frequency range of a speaker refers to the range of frequencies that it can produce. This is typically measured in Hertz (Hz) and is an important consideration when choosing a speaker for a particular application.

Floor-Standing

Floor-standing (Adjective): A floor-standing speaker is a type of speaker that is designed to be placed on the floor, rather than mounted on a wall or placed on a shelf. These speakers are often used in home theater systems, as they can produce a powerful, room-filling sound.

Far-Field

Far-field (Noun): A far-field speaker is a type of speaker that is designed to be used in a large room, such as a concert hall or auditorium. These speakers are designed to produce a highly directional sound, so that they can be heard clearly from a distance.

Feedback

Feedback (Noun): Feedback is a phenomenon that occurs when sound from a speaker is picked up by a microphone and re-amplified by the speaker. This can result in a loud, high-pitched whistling sound, and can be avoided by using proper microphone placement and feedback suppression techniques.

Frequency Cutoff

Frequency cutoff (Noun): The frequency cutoff of a speaker refers to the point at which it can no longer reproduce frequencies accurately. This is typically measured in Hertz (Hz), and can be an important consideration when choosing a speaker for a particular application.

Field Coil

Field coil (Noun): A field coil is a type of coil that is used in some speakers to create a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with a permanent magnet to create the motion of the speaker cone, which produces sound.  

                                Back to top

             G

  Gain

Gain (noun): In audio technology, gain refers to the amplification of an electrical signal. It's often used to describe the sensitivity of a microphone or the output level of a speaker. Read the full article

[chaussurre]

I know pointers well from my years of C but pointers are unsafe in C#. And also I'm not sure how they would help here ? My main issue is that I can't declare a type to represent a delegate with an unknown number of arguments at compile time, but known at runtime.

A solution would be to have my function accept an array of values as inputs, and then specify everytime they're used how many arguments they actually use but this makes it more confusing to anyone using my lib. I would want them to simply give me a "double function(double, double, double)" delegate and not have to think of the inner workings of the code.

Just wrote this and I feel dirty. Would there even be a clean way to do this ? in c#

[embarcaderotec]

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[pinnithin-writes]

A scene rewrite from MTZ episode 301, when Pleck and AJ went to save C-53 from foodservice hell. Corporate blues got me down, man. 2005 words.

He’s had worse jobs before, he considered.

The tinkling of the service bell was cheerful and the heat from the warmers was pleasant. He was never lonely, surrounded as he was by valued customers from six to midnight. Here, he was the member of a team, possessing a critical skill set necessary to keep this ship on course. He was loved. The training videos said so.

C-53 was undeniably two dimensional these days, which was fine by him. Two dimensions were easier than three, a square simpler than a cube, an employment less painful than emotion. The restraining bolt had been firmly secured for six months now, and every day that passed made his old profession feel more and more like a distant dream.

Yes, he’d had worse jobs before, but he also felt that maybe he’d had better. 

His wandering processing shunted neatly back into place as a customer approached the register. This particular On-N-Off location was never empty for long, situated as it was in the heart of Holowood. It kept him blessedly busy. Taking and inputting orders was automatic by now, and he met such a delightful array of people throughout his shifts. Sentients from all over the galaxy came to his restaurant. C-53 was incredibly lucky. 

“‘Scuse me? Excuse me? I have choked on this toy, and-”

“Oh, I’m so sorry to hear that-”

“So I’m going to sue. What is your name?” 

He paused for only a fraction of a second. “My name is C-53, madam, I am a Yumbassador here at On-N-Off Burger.”

This was a line he still tripped over from time to time. His coding hadn’t fully smoothed it over. He’d always been C-53 - he couldn’t remember a time he ever wasn’t - but there was a different way of introducing himself he used to say with more conviction. C-53 changed frames like other sentients changed hairstyles, but his identity was something that tethered him to reality as he cycled through lifetimes.

He had perhaps been C-53, protocol and diplomatic relations droid, the longest. It was a habit that hurt to unlearn.

The restraining bolt tapped a reminder into his processor. There were patrons to care for. He gracefully handled the choking customer, unsticking the transient object with some simple physics and a chair. Honestly, what would this place do without him? He returned his attention pleasantly to the line of tourists snaking before him.

“Okay, I’ll have uh, one Space Shack burger, uh…”

“Sir,” C-53 broke in gently. “A reminder this is not a Space Shack, this is On-N-Off.”

“You guys don’t have Space Shack burgers?”

“Well, we have On-N-Off burgers.”

“Oh, well,” the customer faltered and their voice fell to a mutter. “Space Shack only has Space Shack burgers.”

“Well, that’s how branding works, sir,” C-53 explained. Then, as an afterthought, he added, “I don’t mean to rock your world, but-”

“You’re rocking my world,” the customer laughed.

The exchange was vaguely familiar, as if C-53 had made this gentle correction many times before. He probably had, in all reality - his patrons were alway a little starstruck from the Holowood experience and it was easy to make mistakes - but this familiarity felt… older. Fonder. Something plucked in his coding, something that was almost loneliness, and he allowed the restraining bolt to lead him away from the feeling.

It wasn’t like his memory was totally wiped. He kept a fairly accurate recollection of his past firmly locked in his internal hard drive. He remembered names and places and events. He just preferred not to. His current bolt wasn’t nearly as harsh as his old Alliance one - that awful thing had shocked him anytime an emotion surfaced like a fork in an electrical socket. No, this one was nicer. It had his best interest at heart. 

He was knocked out of his reverie by a loud, commanding tone from the front door. “I’d like to order something!” A CLINT, fully plated in battle armor, was waving his rifle conspicuously in the air. “And speak to a manager!”

While this interjection was startling, the voice that followed hit C-53 much harder.

“No, not here - wait in line! Wait in line!”

It was a voice he knew quite well; one he never thought he’d hear again. A voice with a smile in its words. A voice always on the edge of laughter. His processor flooded with a surge of emotion as his memories rushed back, and for a second the restraining bolt scrambled to bypass his programming. C-53’s ocular sensors snapped toward the sound and caught a shock of blue hair further back in the line. It was him, alright. How had he found him?

The CLINT was still hollering from the front door. “I’d like to order something and speak to a manager!”

“AJ!”

C-53’s vocalizer spurred a response automatically and against his will. “Sir, we have a fairly obvious line structure,” he said, indicating with a hand. “If you could just fall in line back there-”

“I’m doing it,” the soldier interrupted, lowering his blaster. “I’m in the line now, and I’d like to order something and speak to a manager.”

“No need to update me any further until you’ve reached the front of the line, sir. Thank you.”

He watched the CLINT fall in with his companion and returned his attention to the customer at hand. Blue locks of hair tugged at C-53’s periphery, but his trust in the restraining bolt kept his sensors aimed on what was important. Somewhere in his coding, a small part of him was screaming through questions and probability, muted and far away.

From C-53’s left, his manager slouched out of their office, drawn by the shouting. “Did somebody say they wanted to speak to the manager?” they sighed.

“Ah, yes, this gentleman does,” C-53 began, but his explanation was cut off abruptly.

“Yes, I would like to,” the CLINT asserted. “I’m ordering stuff and speaking to the manager.”

Protocol allowed C-53 to move his field of vision back to what initially shocked him, and for the first time he was able to fully lay scanners on the tellurian accompanying the CLINT. That was, without a doubt, Pleck Decksetter. He looked different from the last time they spoke - his hair was longer, his face more tired, and he had ditched the ratty orange Federated Alliance jacket in exchange for an even rattier bathrobe, for some reason. But the grin softening his cheeks was sunny as always.

The CLINT, who seemed to be affiliated with Pleck in some way, leaned to him with a stage whisper. “Now’s your chance, now’s your chance-”

“Just relax,” Pleck told him, offering a reassuring pat on the shoulder.

He glanced across the diner and caught C-53’s gaze. His expression was complicated, cycling through so many emotions in rapid succession it was hard for C-53 to clock. As the CLINT reengaged with the manager, Pleck winked - or perhaps only blinked; he couldn’t quite tell with the eyepatch - and slipped out of line.

“Hi, manager, I’m relaxed… right now…” the soldier said to C-53’s superior, who stood by looking disinterested. “And I’d like to order something from you.”

“Oh, you don’t need to order from me,” they answered, gesturing to the register. “That’s what my fine employee C is here-”

“I’d like to speak to the manager,” the CLINT insisted.

C-53 took that moment to break in, unable to follow Pleck’s progress across the restaurant while his programming was in a headlock. “Okay, well, would you like to order, or would you like to speak to the manager?”

“I’ve been told to do both.”

A polite beat of silence. “You’ve been told to do both?”

The CLINT fidgeted, looking lost. “...Yes.”

Movement in his periphery gave C-53 a millisecond of reaction time, and he flung himself out of the way just as Pleck crashed through the register’s divider. Panting, he gripped one of C-53’s shoulders tightly, and with his back to the counter, the droid had nowhere to go. His other hand carried a device C-53 was very familiar with, and alarm zinged through his coding when he recognized it.

“C-53,” Pleck said breathlessly, “I’m here to save you - come with me.”

C-53’s scanners, unbidden, went to the overturned piece of machinery sizzling into the linoleum. He wanted nothing more than to meet eyes with his old friend, but the restraining bolt clamped down hard on his consciousness. This was company property. He’d probably have to file an incident report.

Belatedly, his vocalizer fired up again. “Pleck, what did you just do?”

The tellurian’s grin was lopsided. “I - I had to remove this grill station in order to have a little bit of room for us to exit,” he explained, laughing slightly at himself.

The sound stirred something in C-53, something he was not allowed to examine. “Okay.”

“Look,” Pleck insisted. “Come with me - we’ve gotta go. You’re in grave danger.”

His response was automatic. “Well ah, Pleck, I’m afraid that I am a valued employee here at the On-N-Off Burger family-”

“No, no,” the tellurian protested, “not anymore-” 

“The larger organization that owns the many fine On-N-Off Burger locations across Holowood.”

Pleck wasn’t having any of it. “C-53, stop, no, listen - You’re so much more than that. We have to get back out to the Zyxx quadrant and - and save the galaxy!”

Oh, this hurt. The restraining bolt was no longer gently guiding C-53’s emotions - it was gripping them tight, a vice on his coding. When the word ‘family’ leapt from his vocalizer, a horrible feeling turned deep in his cube, suppressed immediately by a corporate-owned padlock. Pleck was standing there, burning into him with his remaining eye, and C-53 ached in his indifference.

“I think the On-N-Off Corporation values me just a little bit more highly than you do,” he replied. Saying that to Pleck’s hopeful face felt like splicing his own wires.

The tellurian’s brow furrowed only a little as he twirled the restraining bolt remover in his free hand. “Okay, alright,” he said, his smile unaffected. “Just hold still.”

“Okay, I’m-”

Pleck pried the bolt off.

This... was far worse than what C-53 was experiencing before. As soon as his shackle clattered to the floor, everything came surging to the surface at once, and there was nothing left to break the wave overtaking him. What was he doing here? How had this happened to him? His scanners cast a perplexed look around him, taking in the overturned grill - that awful thing - his manager, the droves of customers, the accursed register. A vile feeling wriggled into his circuits, a dismayed realization, a disgust with the self.

And there was Pleck, watching him expectantly. Without a trace of judgment in his eye, even having found C-53 in such a state. A second wave raced up his programming, this time gentle and bleeding. This was something fragile. He was afraid to touch it.

“I’ll have what he’s having,” an onlooking customer commented, breaking the silence. An uncomfortable ripple of laughter ran through the restaurant.

C-53 finally collected himself enough to speak. “Oh my Rodd.”

“C-53, let’s go,” Pleck responded, cheeks pink with relief as he patted his frame.

He said it like it was so simple. Let’s go. Let’s get out of here. C-53’s newly untethered emotions roiled within him, too complicated to fully unravel and examine right then and there, so he clung to Pleck’s certainty instead.

Let’s go. Easy.

There was nothing for C-53 here. On-N-Off certainly wasn’t his family. His family had come to retrieve him, and now it was time to assemble the other missing pieces. Carefully, he strung a sentence together, though his words seemed hilariously inadequate for the sentiment lying beneath them.

“Pleck, I can’t thank you enough,” he said. “This has been a punishing six months.”

“I spent the last six months training to become a Zima knight,” Pleck answered seriously.

“Oh…” C-53 shook his head, blindsided by annoyance and affection in equal measure. “Pleck…”

He really was back, wasn’t he?

[tonefox568]

Drivers Diode

Drivers Ideapad 330

Drivers Dod Smart Card

Drivers Diode Tester

Pulsed Laser Diode Drivers DEI offers a variety of laser diode drivers designed for high power and precision applications for pulsed and Quasi-CW (QCW) operation. High compliance voltages allow for both single diode and diode array use as well as non-laser applications requiring a current source.

In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED at the required brightness, but must limit the current to prevent damaging the LED.

DIY Laser Diode Driver Constant Current Source: In this project I will show you how I extracted a laser diode from a DVD Burner which should have the power to ignite a match. In order to power the diode correctly I will also demonstrate how I build a constant current source which delivers a preci.

In its most basic form, a laser driver is a current source built with a current-sense resistor and an operational amplifier.The operational amplifier measures the voltage across the sense resistor and controls its output in a feedback loop to maintain the resistor voltage as close as possible to the control voltage.

Since no current flows into the amplifier negative input, the laser current IL is equal to the control voltage VC divided by the sense resistor RS.

The output stage of most opamps cannot supply more than a few tens of mA, it is thus common to replace it by a discrete transistor:

Compliance voltage

A laser driver can only regulate the current as long as the laser voltage stays within certain limits.The supply voltage VS is the sum of the sense resistor voltage VRs = RS x IL, the laser voltage VL and the transistor voltage VT.

The transistor can been seen as a variable resistor controlled by the opamp.When the laser voltage increases, the opamp tries to reduce the transistor resistance RT to maintain a constant current.At some point, the transistor resistance reaches its minimum value RTmin and the driver behaves as if the laser was supplied with VS, in series with RTmin and RS.

The compliance voltage is the maximum laser voltage at which the driver maintains current regulation.This voltage depends on the current and is usually specified at the maximum operating current of the driver.

Drivers Ideapad 330

Noise analysis

At the input of the opamp, we can consider three voltage noise sources: the noise of the control voltage vC2, the input-referred noise of the op-amp vO2 and the thermal noise of the sense resistor vR2 = 4 kB T RS.

Let's consider a 100 mA laser driver made of a 10 Ω sense resistor, an opamp with 0.85 nV/√Hz input voltage noise and a noise-free control voltage.At room temperature, the thermal noise of the 10 Ω resistor is about 0.4 nV/√Hz.Since the two voltage noises are independent, they sum up to a power spectral density of (0.42+0.852)½ = 1.0 nV/√Hz.Dividing the result by 10 Ω, we obtain a current noise of 100 pA/√Hz.

It is possible to reduce the current noise by increasing the value of the sense resistor as shown in the graph below.At low resistor values, the thermal noise is negligible and current noise scales with the inverse of the resistance.Above about 50 Ω, the thermal noise starts to be preponderant and the current noise only scales with the inverse of the square root of the resistance.

The choice of the resistor value is a trade-off between current noise and power consumption.

Modulating the laser current

Modulation can be performed in at least two ways, depending on the required modulation frequency.As long as the modulation frequency is smaller than the bandwidth of the feedback loop, the laser current can be modulated via the control voltage VC. This bandwidth is usually between a few kHz and a few MHz.

Above the driver's modulation bandwidth, laser current can be modulated with a bias-tee, as shown in the figure below:

The capacitor allows the AC modulation to pass through the laser while blocking the DC signal.The inductor, which isolates the driver from the AC modulation, must be small enough not to add too much phase within the driver's bandwidth.

Drivers Dod Smart Card

Grounding configurations

Some lasers diodes have their positive side (anode) or negative side (cathode) connected to the diode's metal case.If the metal case has to be connected to the ground, it is necessary to use an anode grounded or a cathode grounded laser driver, as shown in the figure below:

Drivers Diode Tester

Anode grounded drivers work from a negative supply while cathode grounded drivers work from a positive supply.In most situations, the diode's metal case can be electrically isolated from the ground so that a floating architecture can be used. In this architecture, the control electronics operate closer to the ground, which often leads to improved power efficiency.

[mossearth5]

Just What Is Carbon Credits All About

Environmental Law is generally regarded as one of the most essential equipment of environmental management. Protection of the environment from destruction is not only nowadays an issue yet an administration concern.

 It is noticed that simply conformity of environmental legislation in writing will not effectively get a control of pollution. One more paradigm for pollution ease for far better means of environmental control standard "command-and-control (CAC)" layout regulation is by using economic devices (EIs) or market-based tools (MBIs). Intro of market-based instruments will decrease emissions, air pollution and boost social obligations of sectors. Eco-taxes, tradable emission allowances and reviewed agreements are just a couple of the forms of instruments.

 Market Based Instruments (MBI) To Get Environmental Rewards:

 Market Based Instruments make reference to environmentally friendly guidelines which motivate change in technology, behavior or services and products through financial incentives like subsidies, fees, price difference or market creation.

 MBIs utilize the market & price system to motivate firms or households to look at environmentally friendly techniques. They include an array of equipment from old-ones like taxes on air pollution, tradable licenses to input fees, product costs and equipment tax prices.

 The normal carbon neutralization component among almost all MBIs is they sort out the market and affect the behavior of financial agents (such as companies and homes) by changing the type of incentives or disincentives these agents encounter.

 CARBON CREDIT - Among The Most Reliable Mbis:

 What Does Co2 Credit Imply?

 A permit, which allows the holder to emit one ton of carbon dioxide; carbon compensation Credits are granted to countries or organizations, which have paid for their gases under their emission quota.

 The goal is to stop the increase of co2 exhausts. The Kyoto Protocol presents countries with the task of reducing green gases and keeping more carbon. A nation that finds it hard to meet the target of minimizing GHG could pay another country to lessen exhausts by an appropriate quantity. The carbon on  how to buy carbon credits was ratified with the Kyoto Method.

 Like if, an environmentalist team plants enough trees to cut back exhausts by one ton, the group will undoubtedly be granted credit. In case a steel maker has an exhausts quota of 10 tones, but can be looking to create 11 more, it might get this carbon credit from an eco-friendly group. The carbon credit system appears to lessen exhausts  by ensuring firms and countries honor their emission quotas and provide bonuses to be under them.

 What's Carbon Trade?

 A concept offered in reaction to the Kyoto Protocol, which involves the trading of green gas (GHG) emission rights between countries.

For instance, if Country exceeds the capability of GHG and Country C has an excess of potential, a financial agreement could be made that could see Country a pay Country C for the right to utilize the surplus potential.

 Conclusion

 Carbon compensation credits are actually an essential component of national and international emissions trading methods. They offer ways to reduce green effect emissions on a commercial scale simply by capping total annual emissions and allowing the market to give a value to any deficiency through trading. Credits could be exchanged among companies or bought and sold in international marketplaces at the existing selling price. Credit can be used for economic carbon decrease techniques among trading companions and all over the world.

 There are also many businesses that sell tradable carbon tokens to commercial and individual clients that are thinking about lowering their carbon impact on a non-reflex principle. These carbon off-setters choose the credit from a great investment fund or perhaps a carbon growth company, which has aggregated the credits from individual tasks. The quality of the credits is based partly on the validation procedure and elegance of the fund or development organization that served as the recruit to the carbon project.

[arunabadami-blog]

Top 25 C++ Interview Questions for Experienced

Q #1) What is the basic structure of a C++ program?

In cases like this, we're using a directive that informs the compiler to add a header while"iostream.h" that is utilized for fundamental input/output later from the program.

The following line is your"primary" function that returns an integer. The major function is the beginning point of implementation for any C++ program. Irrespective of its status in the source code file, the principal function's contents are always implemented first from the C++ compiler.

We could observe open curly braces that point to the beginning of a block of code within another line. Next, we view the programming education or the amount of code that utilizes the count that's the standard output stream (its definition is current in iostream.h).

This output takes a series of characters and prints into a regular output device. . Please be aware that every C++ schooling ends with a semicolon (;-RRB-, which will be very much needed, and omitting it's going to lead to compilation errors.

Before shutting the braces}we visit the following line" return." This is the come the point to the major function.

Each C++ application will have a fundamental arrangement, as shown above, having a preprocessor directive, chief purpose announcement followed by a block of code, and a returning point to the major purpose, which indicates successful implementation of this program.

Q #2) Which are the Opinions in C++?

Answer: Remarks in C++ are merely a bit of source code dismissed by the compiler. They are only beneficial to get a developer to add a description or additional information regarding their origin code.

Q #3) Difference within Declaration and Definition of a variable.

Response: The statement of a factor is simply defining the data type of a variable and the variable name. As a consequence of the announcement, we inform the compiler to book the area for a memory factor based on the data type defined.

Q #4) Comment on Local and Global extent of a variable.

Answer: The range of a variable is defined as the degree of the app code where the factor remains active, i.e., it could be announced, defined, or worked with.

There are two Kinds of extent in C++:

Neighborhood Scope: A factor is said to have a local range or is local when it's declared in a code block. The factor remains active only within the cube and isn't available outside the code block.

International Scope: A factor has a global range when it's available throughout the application. A global variable is declared in addition to the app before all of the function definitions.

Q #5) What's the precedence when there are a worldwide variable and a neighborhood factor from the app with the same title?

Answer: Whenever there's a local variable with the same title as a global variable, the compiler gives precedence to the local factor.

Q #6) If there are a worldwide variable and Local factor with the same title, how will you get the global variable?

Answer: whenever there are two factors with the identical title but a different extent, i.e., one is a local variable, and the other is a global variable, the compiler will give decision to a local factor.

Applying this operator, we could get the value of this global factor.

Q #7) How many methods are there to initialize an int with a Constant?

Answer: There are just two ways:

The initial format employs conventional C notation.

Q #8) What's a Constant?

Answer A constant is an expression which has a fixed value.

Aside from the decimal, C++ additionally supports two constants, i.e., octal (into the base 8) and hexadecimal (into the bottom 16) constants.

Q #9) How do you define/declare constants in C++?

Answer: In C++we could specify our constants with the #define preprocessor directive.

Q #10) Comment on Assignment Operator in C++.

Answer: Assignment operator at C++ is employed to assign a value to some other variable.

A = 5;

The line of code specifies the integer value 5 to changeable a.

The part in the operator's left is called an lvalue (left value) along with the best as rvalue (good value). Lworth should stay a factor, whereas the ideal side may be a constant, a variable, the result of an operation, or some other mixture of those.

The mission operation always occurs in the right to left rather than in reverse.

One property that C++ has within the other programming languages is the assignment operator may be utilized as the value (or a part of an rvalue) for a different mission.

Q #11) What's the distinction between equivalent to -LRB-==-RRB- and Assignment Operator (=-RRB-?

Answer: In C++, equivalent to -LRB-==-RRB- and assignment operator (=-RRB- are just two entirely different operators.

Equal into -LRB-==-RRB- is a relational equality operator which evaluates two expressions to determine whether they're equivalent and returns true if they're similar and false if they're not.

The assignment operator (=-RRB- can be employed to assign a value to some variable. Hence, we may have an intricate assignment performance within the relational equality operator for analysis.

Q #12) What are the different Arithmetic Operators in C++?

Answer: C++ supports the following arithmetic operators:

+ addition

– subtraction

* multiplication

/ division

% module

Q #13) Which are a Variety of Compound Assignment Operators in C++?

Answer: Following will be the Compound assignation operators at C++:

Q #14) State the difference between Pre and Post Increment/Decrement Operations.

Answer: C++ enables two operators, i.e ++ (increment) and --(decrement), which permit you to add 1 to the present value of a factor and subtract one from the factor, respectively.

Q #15) Which will be the Extraction and Insertion operators at C++? Explain with illustrations.

Answer: From the iostream.h library of C++, cin, and cout would be the 2 data streams which are used for output and input respectively. Cout is generally directed to the display and cin is delegated to the computer keyboard.

"cin" (extraction operator): By utilizing overloaded operator >> using cin flow, C++ manages the standard input.

As shown from the preceding case, an integer variable'age' is announced and it waits for cin (keyboard) to input the information. "cin" procedures the input when the RETURN key is pressed.

It transmits the information that followed it to the cout stream.

Explain with illustrations.

Q #16) What is the difference between while and do while loop? Explain with examples.

Answer: The arrangement of while loop in C++ is:

The announcement block below while is implemented so long as the illness in the given expression is true.

Q #17) What do you mean by ‘void’ return type?

Answer: All works must return a value according to the overall syntax.

Nonetheless, in the event, if we do not need a function to return some value, we utilize"emptiness " to imply that. It follows that we utilize"emptiness " to signify that the function has no return value or it yields"emptiness ".

Q #18) Explain Pass by Value and Pass by Reference.

Answer: whilst passing parameters into the function utilizing"Pass by Value", we pass a copy of the parameters into the function.

Therefore, whatever alterations are made to the parameters in the called function aren't handed back to the calling function. Thus the variables from the calling function stay unchanged.

Q #19) Which are Default Parameters? How are they assessed at the C++ work?

Answer: Default Parameter is a value that's assigned to each parameter whilst announcing a purpose.

This value can be used if this parameter is left clean when calling to the purpose. To define a default value for a specific parameter, we just assign a value to the parameter from the function statement.

If the value isn't passed for this parameter through the function call, then the compiler uses the default value supplied. When a value is defined, then that default value is stepped on along with the passed value is utilized.

Q #20) What's an Inline role in C++?

Answer: Inline function is a function that's compiled by the compiler since the purpose of calling the function, and the code has been substituted at that point. This makes compiling quicker. This function is characterized by prefixing the function prototype using the keyword"inline."

Such acts are valuable only when the code of this inline function is small and easy. Though a purpose is described as Inline, it's completely compiler determined to appraise it as directional or not.

Advanced-Data Construction

Arrays

Q #21) Why are arrays generally processed together for loop?

Answer: Array employs the index to traverse all its components.

If A is an array, then all its components are obtained as A[I]. Everything is necessary for this to work is an iterative block using a loop variable I, which functions as an indicator (counter) incrementing from 0 to A.length-1.

This is just what a loop does, and that is why we process arrays using for loops.

"delete" is used to discharge one chunk of memory that was allocated with new.

Q #23) What's wrong with this code?

Answer: the aforementioned code will be syntactically correct and will compile fine.

The one issue is it will only delete the first part of this array. Although the whole selection is deleted, just the destructor of this first element will be called, and the memory to the first element is published.

Q #24) What is the sequence in which the items in an array are destroyed?

Answer: Objects within an array are destructed in the opposite order of construction: First assembled, last destructed.

Q #25) What's wrong with this code?

Answer: From the preceding code, the pointer is null. Per the C++ 03 typical, it is perfectly legal to call delete on a NULL pointer. The delete operator will look after the NULL test internally.

know more

[j0shit0]

Solving the problem task scheduler

Hey guys, welcome to let's talk algorithms. This is Venkatesh and today we'll be solving the problem task scheduler. So the problem statement is that, given a list of tasks in term in the form of capital, letters or basically uppercase letters, uppercase characters and a cool of period and the cooler period states that, when you are solving each task after solving each task, basically either you Wait the amount of cool off period or solve other tasks so given these are the conditions, what is the basically written, the least number of intervals? The CPU will take to finish all the given tasks at any point of time. 

So, for a unit of time you will you can solve one task or you can just wait so, given these are the conditions, these are the tasks and a given n, which is cool of period. We have to find the least number of unit time units basically which you can use to solve the given task. So the important consideration here is that, after solving each task, you have to wait the value M. In this case the value is 2. So, let's think of a really brute force approach right. What is the worst way you can solve this problem? The worst way you can solve this problem is, you know, solve a certain task, wait two units of time and so all the tasks again right so yeah. This works right. This is this is like real brute force here. 

You can just wait one task because you solve one a and one and all right, so this is the most possible way to probably solve this problem. How? Because, after solving it ask you're like waiting until the cooldown period and going to the next task, so as you can see, this is a really safe way to do it, but the other way is basically: let's say you solve a task here right then you can. All tasks being because it's a different task since you solved yay you solved B, so it's one unit of time, but the cool of period is two, so either you have to wait or solve some other task, since we have only task a and B here. We don't have anything else to you, know solve, so you can just wait. 

Let'S call W as a wait. I can just are number one, because you don't want to be confused with task W and guess we have one. So we saw a B and then you wait and then you can do the similar thing right so and then you can finally do this. So what is the time taken to solve these tasks and the cool of period? Two is, basically, you see each one. Two three: five six eight. So we took eight units of time to basically solve three years and three betas. So the way we did is we don't understand a pattern here, because the number of tasks between a and B are same. Let'S say the input is something like this yay, the P again and, let's say the full of parodies and is too so. What would you do right, like let's say, do print with like similar approach, as we did above this all yeah you solve B. So you don't have any yes left and you just solve B. 

So you have to wait one. You have to wait one more time, because the cool of period is two and then you solve another D. Wait once you wait one more time and then you solve B, so the number of time basically time units you require to solve. This is also eight units. Think if we can optimize this right, how do we optimize this? We can optimize this by, as we know after solving a task, we have to wait n number of units I'd. So, ideally, we should be greedy in the indicate, in the sense that, after solving a certain task, we should make sure that there are make sure that there are enough. You know other tasks to solve, so that so that will minimize the waiting time. 

How do we do this? Let'S say instead of you know, when the tasks are ABB instead of tasks, starting with EA less if we start, let's start with B, so after solving we after starting, basically after doing the task B, you do task a and then you wait and then you can Do B again, you wait, wait and then P, as you can see just by doing this following this approach, basically solving the bigger problem. First, we've reduced the time by one unit. So the input is this parrot here, as in you have like three units of B and only one unit of here. That'S why you don't see and and that cool of period is a lot which is basically two related to the size of the input. It'S a lot, so that's a reason. The number of time units here is seven, but let's say you have a really large input of varying kinds, and then you have a time of Peter at certain time of period. Solving the bigger task first always gives you the best case complexity. So that is what the intuition here is that you solve the bigger task, the number of the tasks with which, with largest repetition first and then you solve other tasks and then come back to the largest task again, so let's write the all rhythm for this. 

Let'S comment this out so the way we track all the repetition count and everything is that's to encounter int in a counter of since the question mein mentioned that we only have capital letters and then um in the form of tasks. So we can just have a integer array of 26 size, then for each character or basically for each task. What do we do? Is we maintain the repetition here counter of C minus the character J? Basically, it gives you the relative index of a certain task in the counter array, so once we have that, let's sort it right, we we are sorting it, because we want to solve the largest task first and we do have after solving. This is ascending order right. We do we have the largest task now, so the index 25 will have the largest task. So let's declare a variable time, which stores the number of time units we actually require to solve all this thing, so we need an exit condition. 

So, while counter of 25, which piece which has the largest number of tasks as I was discussing, the largest value would be at the index 25, so the exit condition is until the largest value is solved right, the until the largest task is solved. We repeat this thing so in each loop. What do we do? Let'S initialize two variables I and J, which is basically the represents the number of tasks we solve in each loop. So while you do that, the I, while I is less than or equal to N and counter of G greater than zero, what do we do so? This is basically we'll try to solve n number of tasks each time right. The N is basically the cool of period, so, while this is true, counter of G reduce the number of tasks at the XJ increase. 

The time because we solve one task, the y plus plus, which is basically making sure that we only saw a number of tasks and then the value J J could be if basically J. If J is equal to zero, then we want to move it back to the last index. If it's not, then we want to decrement once so once this is done. So when do we exit this, we exit in this inner loop in two cases, one after solving the number of tasks which is like an or we've solved all tasks. Basically, and then counter of J is zero, so arrays dot sort. So one after we do. This will be sort the in the counter array, and one thing to make sure is basically after solving this, make sure it's beef, it's being sold the whole problem if it's being sold break, otherwise we are going to assign time equal to x, plus and minus. 

I plus one, so we do this. Let'S say if we have a scenario where we solve number of basically the task less than the value, and so let's say like in in this scenario right we have solved the only one beat a task we have. So we have to either wait. We basically have to wait and as if we solve the next task, so this is the value we use if left over task is less than, and then we do that so. Finally, after this we will treat than the value time. So, let's run the code. What are we doing here? It'S basically a task all right, so for a given input, the value is 8 and we've got it. Let'S submit it all right, it's run in 7 milliseconds. So the time complexity here is often log n. Where n is the number of total tasks, if you have any questions, please feel feel free to comment on the video and, if you like, the video please subscribe to the channel. Thank you.

[readevalprint]

Previewing images in and out of SLIME REPL

As any Common Lisp coder knows, a REPL is an incredibly useful tool. It can be used not just for development, but for running all sorts of tasks. Personally, I don’t bother making my Lisp tools into executable scripts and just run them directly from SLIME. As such, any operation that requires leaving the REPL is quite inconvenient. For me, one such operation was viewing image files, for example in conjunction with my match-client:match tool. So lately I’ve been researching various methods to incorporate this functionality into the normal REPL workflow. Below, I present 3 methods that can be used to achieve this.

Open in external program

This one’s easy. When you want to view a file, launch an external process with your favorite image viewer. On Windows a shell command consisting of the image filename would launch the associated application, on Linux it’s necessary to provide the name of the image viewer.

(defvar *image-app* nil) ;; set it to '("eog") or something (defun view-file-native (file) (let ((ns (uiop:native-namestring file))) (uiop:launch-program (if *image-app* (append *image-app* (list ns)) (uiop:escape-shell-token ns)))))

Note that uiop:launch-program is used instead of uiop:run-program. The difference is that launch- is non-blocking - you can continue to work in your REPL while the image is displayed, whereas run- will not return until you close the image viewer.

Also note that when the first argument to run/launch-program is a string, it is not escaped, so I have to do it manually. And if the first argument is a list, it must be a program and a list of its arguments, so merely using (list ns) wouldn't work on Windows.

Inline image in REPL

The disadvantage of the previous method is that the external program might steal focus, appear on top of your REPL and disrupt your workflow. And it’s well known that Emacs can do everything, including viewing images, so why not use that?

In fact, SLIME has a plugin specifically for displaying images in REPL, slime-media. However it's difficult to find any information on how to use it. Eventually I figured out that SWANK (SLIME's CL backend) needs to send an event :write-image with appropriate arguments and slime-media’s handler will display it right in the REPL. The easiest way is to just send the file path. The second argument is the resulting image’s string value. If you copy-paste (sorry, “kill-yank”) it in the repl, it would act just like if you typed this string.

(swank::send-to-emacs '(:write-image "/path/to/test.png" "test"))

You can even send raw image data using this method. I don’t have anything on hand to generate raw image data so here’s some code that reads from a file, converts it to a base64 string and sends it over SWANK.

(with-open-file (in "/path/to/test.png" :direction :input :element-type '(unsigned-byte 8)) (let* ((arr (make-array (file-length in) :element-type '(unsigned-byte 8))) (b64 (progn (read-sequence arr in) (cl-base64:usb8-array-to-base64-string arr)))) (swank::send-to-emacs `(:write-image ((:data ,b64 :type swank-io-package::png)) "12345"))))

Note that the first argument to :write-image must be a list with a single element, which is itself a plist containing :data and :type keys. :data must be a base64-encoded raw image data. :type must be a symbol in swank-io-package. It's not exactly convenient, so if you're going to use this functionality a helper function/macro might be necessary.

Image in a SLIME popup buffer

Inline images are not always convenient. They can't be resized, and will take up as much space as is necessary to display them. Meanwhile EMACS itself has a built-in image viewer (image-mode) which can fit images to width or height of a buffer. And SLIME has a concept of a "popup buffer" which is for example used by macroexpander (C-c C-m) to display the result of a macro expansion in a separate window.

Interestingly, slime-media.el defines an event :popup-buffer but it seems impossible to trigger it from SWANK. It is however a useful code reference for how to create the popup buffer in ELisp. This time we won't bother with "events" and just straight up execute some ELisp code using swank::eval-in-emacs. However by default, this feature is disabled on Emacs-side, so you'll have to set Emacs variable slime-enable-evaluate-in-emacs to t in order for this method to work.

Also Emacs must be compiled with ImageMagick for the resizing functionality to work.

Anyway, the code to view file in the popup buffer looks like this:

(defun view-file-slime (file &key (bufname "*image-viewer*")) (let ((ns (namestring file))) (swank::eval-in-emacs `(progn (slime-with-popup-buffer (,bufname :connection t :package t) (insert-image (create-image ,ns)) (image-mode) (setf buffer-file-name ,ns) (not-modified) (image-toggle-display-image)) ;; try to resize the image after the buffer is displayed (with-current-buffer ,bufname (image-toggle-display-image)))))) ))

Arriving to this solution has required reading image-mode's source code to understand what exactly makes image-mode behave just like if the image file was opened in Emacs via C-x C-f. First off, image-mode can be a major and a minor mode - and the minor mode is not nearly as useful. slime-with-popup-buffer has a :mode keyword argument but it would cause image-mode to be set before the image is inserted, and it will be a minor mode in this case! Therefore (image-mode) must be called after insert-image.

Next, the buffer must satisfy several conditions in order to get image data from the filename and not from the buffer itself. Technically it shouldn't be necessary, but I couldn't get auto resizing to work when data-p is true. So I set buffer-file-name to image's filename and set not-modified flag on.

Next, image-toggle-display-image is called to possibly resize the image according to image-mode settings. It’s called outside of slime-with-popup-buffer for the following reason: the buffer might not yet be visible and have any specific dimensions assigned to it, and therefore resizing will do nothing.

Here's an example of how calling this function looks in Emacs.

The position of the popup buffer depends on whether the original Emacs window is wide enough or not. I think it looks better when it's divided vertically. Use M-x image-transform-fit-to-height or M-x image-transform-fit-to-width to set up the auto-resizing method (it gets remembered for future images). Unfortunately there's no way to fit both height and width, at least with vanilla Emacs. I prefer fit-to-width because in case the image is too tall, it is possible to scroll the image vertically with M-PgDn and M-PgUp from the other buffer. Unlike other image-mode buffers, this buffer supports a shortcut q to close itself, as well as various SLIME shortcuts, for example C-c C-z to return to the REPL.

That’s it for now, hope you enjoyed this overview and if you happen to know a better way to display images in Emacs, I would be interested to hear about it.

[obscurejavascript]

Metaprogramming Classes in JavaScript

Sometimes when defining very similar objects, it can make sense to generate them all at once. For example here is how 3 classes of similar functions can be generated from an array and a single class definitions:

const classTypes = ['A', 'B', 'C']; for (let type of classTypes) { global[`class${type}`] = class { [`describe${type}`]() { return `A class of type ${type}`; }; } } const objA = new classA(); console.log(objA.describeA()); // A class of type A const objB = new classB(); console.log(objB.describeB()); // A class of type B const objC = new classC(); console.log(objC.describeC()); // A class of type C

global should be whatever the top level value (or object) that you want to attach the classes too. So window for browsers. In most cases, method names would remain the same across all classes, but I wanted to demonstrate that like everything else, those can have a unique name directly input.

I could not find a direct compatibility table of the support for those dynamic method names, only general support tables](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions#Browser_compatibility). So instead I verified the above works manually with window in the latest Chrome, Firefox, Safari and MS Edge in addition to Node 10+ with global.

Github Location https://github.com/Jacob-Friesen/obscurejs/blob/master/2019/metaClass.js