#keso talks

[alexandraisyes]

What is going on with Eclipse?

He's different, changed, and set to square one all over again. All his growth? Poof.

Well, my theory is this isn't the Eclipse that died. I'll explain under the cut, and also touch on if this is the Eclipse that died, and how it might work.

Why do I think that?

He is audibly confused when Sun and Moon talk about him getting blown up. That's my main reason.  Other reasons are the fact that he has lost almost all character growth Is upset about the star being gone Doesn't seem focused on the Astral Bodies and Lunar And acts like he's suffered a hugely personal grievance from the celestial twins

And, well, let's linger on the word act. He's an actor. He's acting. His words are strained, as if scripted. Playing a role he doesn't think fits... or isn't one for him to fill.

Our Eclipse was moving past that. And I've heard the theories on him being bitter because he was blown up but... apparently, he doesn't remember that.

So who is he?

We've got a few ideas here

The first thought is, this is the Eclipse. Yeah. THE Eclipse. The original. The one that was blasted from Sun's mind. Remember that conversation? It went something along the lines of:

"I said queso, not keso!" "You said what?!" "I mean, it worked? He's gone." "He's either dead or... immobile in the woods somewhere broken beyond repair."

If he's in the woods well... he'd have shut down. His processors would have failed. His body first overheating with the melting plastic, then going deathly cold as his vents and fans shut off one by one. However, as we know, broken beyond repair is not a real problem for animatronics. It's a setback. Lunar, Sun, Monty, Earth... all have been "broken beyond repair". What happens when they reach that state? Their AI is transferred to an entirely new body. Who would do that for Eclipse?

A few people, actually. The creator is the first to come to mind. The second is KC, who is now dead, but it's possible that with Eclipse ending up in the forest... and KC living in the forest, KC could have repaired him or begun to repair him. Especially with what we know about KC. He knows magic, he knows star power, and he came from old Moon, who was quite the techie. This would give us the option of Eclipse being made of materials that aren't entirely mechanical if that is the case. 

The last person to come to mind is Ruin. Ruin was living in Moon's old bunkers with Bloodmoon for quite a bit, he visited a lot of the same places Eclipse had, and he's probably been in quite a few deserted areas where the OG Eclipse might have ended up in. He has an aptitude for tech, he built and programmed Bloodmoon, after all.

The second thought is a backup (AI and body). It's always possible that Moon missed something. As we've all noted, Eclipse seems to be on his first character arc again.

The third thought is a backup but in a different sense. Ruin takes play here again. 

Remember when Ruin raided Moon's computer and found 'encrypted code left by Eclipse'? There's a possibility that Eclipse left a backup of his AI in the computer just like how he left the entirety of his Bloodmoon schematics in Moon's computer. Which seems careless, and makes one wonder why he would do that, or even when he would do that. And why the computer wouldn't have removed it. Well, if it's encrypted that means it's hidden. And we all know how big a fan of the show Ruin is, he probably knows alllll about Eclipse. So, he could have built Eclipse just like he built Bloodmoon. Or, even without a back up, could have done *exactly* what he did with Bloodmoon, pick and choose what parts to show a new Eclipse about who he was, leaving out bits that would alter the desired outcome.

The fourth thought. It's Ruin. Ruin built his new body, we have no idea what he added to it. Like I said earlier, "His words are strained, as if scripted. Playing a role he doesn't think fits... *or isn't one for him to fill.*" Plus, Ruin has been veryyy suspicious lately. "There's not cameras in here, is there? Oh wait, yes there are." And then the footage cuts out, did he dismantle the camera? Maybe. And if it's not Ruin himself, it's probably option 2 or 3 and Ruin is helping him. I have a feeling that Ruin didn't want them to come through the tunnels because Eclipse was hiding in them, watching the scene unfold. Eclipse does like to watch the chaos of his actions, this is a pattern with him.

The last thought. He could be the Eclipse that died. Unlikely, but it's possible. Dying is something *deeply* traumatic, and it could be repressed. Or he could be suffering amnesia. I talked in a different thread about the potential of Sun going comatose and that is what Eclipse saw when he told Moon "I have seen the future and sun will die" or whatever. When I talked about that, I touched on the amnesia aspect of a comatose state, in which the victims of such a state lose the recall ability of events that happened shortly before entering such a state without assistance in the matter. The longer the comatic state, the worse the recall ability, and the further the memory loss goes.

Other support with the idea that he could be the Eclipse that died in Solar's world, he didn't look like he wanted to move on. Flare walked out, Flare left, and I don't think we'll be seeing Flare again in the series as much as that hurts (I love Flare if you didn't know). Anyways, Flare left. Eclipse? Eclipse lingered, he didn't walk out of consciousness, he didn't leave, he just sat there as the darkness ate away at what was left of him. 

In fact, rewatching that episode, I noticed something.

We see Moon press the button, the laser fires, and presumably, Eclipse explodes just like that. Except we go to the shared mindscape of Eclipse and Flare, and watch their final interaction. Flare walks away. Eclipse stays. I've always thought it weird that the mindscape was *clouds* unless the host of the mind makes a conscious effort to alter it (see KC) or requires a structured mind to be able to function properly (see Solar). Seems very... virtual. Like, maybe the digital 'cloud'. Uploading to the cloud? They are connected to the internet, they automatically connect to internet when available, and they've never needed to mess with passwords even if they are in an entirely new environment. So it's possible... it's possible that Eclipse lingered. Lingered and connected to the network in Solar's world, if we're going to go with the cloud idea. 

But hey, that's just a theory.

[cheesecrackery]

[ Pinned info post that I'm hoping is readable ]

Name: Cheese or Chii or Chiizu or Keso or idk, just call me what you like atp

Pronouns: he/him, she/her, they/them, and some neopronouns, but honestly you can just use whatever

I interact with @cheese-prime. Also, feel free to interact w/ me in Tagalog because I also speak Tagalog

commission info here || Scar DTIYS Challenge here (scitties warning... lol)

My Tags:

ccrackers draws - art

self art - art of myself and my sona/s

ccrackers ocs - oc tag

ccrackers talks - text / not art

ccrackers shits - shitposts

ccrackers answers - asks

person with shades - anon

degen hours - me when posts past my bedtime

warnings are tagged like: cw *content*

Fandoms I currently like to draw for:

Hermitcraft ★

Life Series / Traffic SMP ★

South Park

Myself & my OCs

Nijisanji EN

[★ - means I main it. Bold text means im fixated]

my other sideblogs are @dailygtwscar where I post GTWScar fanart... not daily... and @cheesnt where I used to post mcyt ship art but now I only use it to gush about mumscarian

My other socmed is TikTok, Insta, and YouTube (same username as this one) and Twitter (also same user, just with an extra 'y' at the end)

WARNING: I POST HERMIT/TRAFFIC SHIPPING ART !!!

obligatory "I only ship their characters, not the CCs." disclaimer

I don't main tag it. It's 99% just mumscarian, scarian, redscape, and grumbo anyway. I only tag it with _____shipping, the ship name, and my art tag. So make sure you have the terms you don't like muted. If a post of mine doesn't have these tags, then it's not ship art. Also I don't sign these drawings.. lol.

Please don't use any of my Minecraft yaoi as headers/pfps. Also no edits of my ship art please. And most importantly, pls don't repost them anywhere.

[keso-archived]

how do animate with fingies

i am noob

[kesoo]

Pose study

[taketheringtolohac]

listen i love filipino food and all but honestly the most hit or miss thing that will promote a visceral reaction from me is the fact that so many desserts just. have cheese on top of them. just straight up cheese. like sometimes its good! but most of the time its just. why did i eat this.

[firelord-boomerang]

jet hcs please

okay some random ones

straw biter. he mangles those babies up. he gets a metal/bamboo straw and somehow chews them up too. his chompers are made of steel and perfect.

people have been known to swoon on the very rare occasion that he pushes his hair back.

he has only one tattoo, very small but no one really knows where it is. it's a blink and you'll miss it kind of thing.

he talks in his sleep.

his favorite ice cream flavor is keso and everyone except for longshot and the duke think he's weird for it.

he has more jackets than what he knows what to do with. also hats. so many hats to try and tame that wild wild mane.

pretty decent at sewing.

can play three instruments. won't say which ones.

great at card games because he can read people and no one knows when he's bluffing or not.

[dukina]

👌🔐🐉🌌👀🍀🍺🎁🎗⛓🚩⚡️🎒🏙🐒⏰📞✈️ and 🎭 (what's your favs food)?

Jesus Fucking Christ!😱

You ask too many!☠️

But I don't care at all😎👍

👌：Name(s)?

凱瑟琳 (Kaiselin) = Chinese real name

Katherina (Purity) = Filipino real name

Kharissa (Beloved; Grace) = Latin real name

Dukina / Duki = Nickname

🔐：Relationship Status?

Single and ready to frisky

But wants to be friends with benefits

Just got eloped with Ging Freecss

🐉：Zodiac Sign?

Libra♎️

🌌：Chinese Zodiac Sign?

Fuck I don't remember

but I think its either...

🐎 or 🐏

👀：Celebrity crush?

Mark Edward Fischbach (Markiplier)

Tyler Wine (I Am Wildcat)

Evan Fong (Vanoss)

Cameron McKay (GoodGuyFitz)

🍀：What's your favorite season?

Autumn🍂

Winter��️

🍺：Favorite drink?

Sprite

Apple juice

Cold chocolate

Milk tea

Yakult

Wine

Champagne

Soju

Ging's-NOOOO!!!😳

🎁：Birthday?

October 22

🎗：Are you religious?

DUH. I'm catholic.

⛓：Are you a safe person to talk about *XYZ*?

Hmm maybe😏

🚩：What country are from?

From 🇨🇳🇵🇭🇯🇵🇪🇸

⚡️：Ever had a Greek Mythology phase?

Yes.

Aphrodite (goddess of Love)

Hecate (goddess of Magic)

🎒：What year of school are you in?

Eso es un secreto mi amigo

but currently in College rn

🏙：Are you from the city or country?

The city.

🐒：Do you believe in evolution?

Yes.

⏰：What time is it currently for you?

11:09pm

And I'm not even tired yet

📞：Do you prefer to text or call?

Both.

✈️：Have you ever out of the country?

Multiple times more like 3 times a year

🎭：What's your favorite(s) food?

Meat (cuz I'm Carnivore)

Apple slices

Candies

Jellyace

Pocky Stick

Spanish Bread

Daim Chocolate Cake

Cheesecake

Pizza

Carbonara

Leche Plan

Pichi Pichi

Vanilla & Keso ice cream

Ging (He's like a roasted juicy Lechon🤤)

Welp looks like I finished all of them😅

[oikaw-ugh]

HAJSGHGAHGHGH "Oikawa is my ultimate handsome mister in the universe my love good night nap pandesal sink carabao window spoon" Good try my love!! Also, have a good night and let your dreams become the sweetest as they are filled with images of me~ Buenas noches mi amor! I'll talk to you in the morning! ~Oikawa Tooru~ (admin is laughing at your attempt and it made her happy that you tried. although it was slowly slipping into tagalog^^. senorita actually means miss so mami or smthn is preffered)

🥺🥺🥺 Oikawa please my ultimo ultimo ultimo Papi Daddy estoy estoy estoy in amor with you 🥺 mucho mucho mucho choco mucho ✨

Estoy estoy gatas keso tinidor kutsarita tsinelas sinturon polvoron margarita versace I love you

AND OMG OIKAWA ANONNN I didn't know Kavayo meant Carabaoooo? It's horse in Tagalog. That's interesting!

[lingthusiasm]

Transcript Episode 26: Why do C and G come in hard and soft versions? Palatalization

This is a transcript for Lingthusiasm Episode 26: Why do C and G come in hard and soft versions? Palatalization. It’s been lightly edited for readability. Listen to the episode here or wherever you get your podcasts. Links to studies mentioned and further reading can be found on the Episode 26 show notes page.

[Music]

Gretchen: Welcome to Lingthusiasm, a podcast that's enthusiastic about linguistics! I'm Gretchen McCulloch.

Lauren: And I'm Lauren Gawne, and today, we're getting enthusiastic about palatalisation. That is to say, “What the heck is going on with G and C?” But first, thanks to everyone for your enthusiastic recommending during our November Recommend-A-Thon.

Gretchen: Yes, thanks so much for all your tweets, and posts, and shares, and all of the new people that you've brought in with you to listen to Lingthusiasm.

Lauren: We will be thanking every one of you who made some kind of public declaration about their love of Lingthusiasm. We'll give you until the end of the month to add yourself to that esteemed group of people, so we can thank you all in our annual anniversary post.

Gretchen: Yes, so you have till the end of November 2018 to be part of this year's Recommend-A-Thon thank you post, which will live in perpetuity on our website. Last year we thanked 100 people. This year, I think we can thank even more. I'm really excited by what we've seen so far.

Lauren: I'm feeling very confident about that. And of course, you can continue to recommend us to anyone who needs a little more linguistics in their life any time of the year.

Gretchen: I also want to thank everybody who came out to the live shows.

Lauren: Yay! I'm not gonna lie, we're recording this before the live shows.

Gretchen: So we're really hoping people actually come.

Lauren: We are just going to have to assume that they were an absolute rolling success.

Gretchen: We're recording well in advance at the moment to make sure that we have episodes for when Lauren's on leave. We're very excited about those live shows. I assume they were great. Thanks so much to everyone who came out in Melbourne and Sydney. It was so fun to get to see those cities. We also want to remind you that if you're thinking about getting Lingthusiasm merch for any linguists or language enthusiasts in your life, if you want to get someone a scarf with the International Phonetic Alphabet, or tree symbol diagrams on them, or a tie with the IPA on it, or various baby outfits, or T-shirts that say, “Not judging your grammar, just analysing it,” or many other things, now is a great time to place an order so that arrives towards the end of the year.

Lauren: Remember, it's also totally okay to use this as a list of suggestions for other people to buy you, or if you enjoy doing a bit of holiday shopping for yourself, we're not gonna stop you.

Gretchen: We definitely noticed from last year that RedBubble typically runs some sales this time of year, so hopefully, you can take advantage of those to get you and/or your friends and family some great Lingthusiasm swag.

Lauren: Speaking of the holiday season, it's a very important holiday season coming up that's the Northern Hemisphere winter conference season, which I'm usually excited about. Not doing so much travel this year.

Gretchen: Well, the Australian Linguistic Society is also having its annual meeting in Adelaide in December, which I'm going to be at because I'm still in Australia. Our latest Patreon bonus episode is all about the academic conference circuit and how to make it work for you.

Lauren: I had a lot of fun in this episode. This is all of mine and Gretchen's favourite survival tips for navigating academic conferences. If you've never been to one before, or you've only been to a couple, they're lots of fun, and they can be even more fun.

Gretchen: Yes, so you can go to patreon.com/lingthusiasm to check those out, or lingthusiasm.com/merch for the merch. We’ll repeat those links at the end of the episode, so you don't have to write them down now.

[Music]

Gretchen: So, G and C are really weird letters because they're these two letters that, in a whole bunch of languages, often come with multiple sounds. You have the sounds in their names like /dʒ/ and /s/, and then you have other sounds like /g/ and /k/, and then even more sounds. These letters are so weird.

Lauren: I'm not known for being the most reliable when it comes to a spelling bee, and I feel like it's often letters like G and C that trip me up because they have so many different pronunciation disguises that they put on.

Gretchen: They really do. They especially do that in different languages. You can do a brief sample of this through different languages' words for “cheese.”

Lauren: Ooo, let's do a cross-linguistic cheese platter!

Gretchen: Cross-linguistic cheese tour! First, we have the Latin “caseus” (/kaseʊs/) meaning “cheese.” And this gives rise to a whole bunch of other words for “cheese” in different languages. You have English “cheese” (/tʃi:z/), you have German “Käse” (/ke:zə/), you have Spanish “queso” (/keso/).

Lauren: Yeah. Because I was like, “Well, in Italian you have ‘formaggio,’” which is like a completely different historical word. But then I remembered that my favourite Italian pasta from Rome is cacio (/katʃo/) e pepe and that's – the Italian-Latin word for “cheese” is still hidden in that very excellent pasta dish.

Gretchen: And then because I started thinking about this, I was looking up other languages’ word for “cheese,” and I saw the Dutch “kaas” (/kɑːs/), which, I don't speak any Dutch, but there's one Dutch word that I know which is “pindakaas,” and “pindakaas” literally translates as “peanut cheese.”

Lauren: Oh. Oh, hang on. Like peanut butter?

Gretchen: Yeah, so the Dutch word for “peanut butter” is literally translated as “peanut cheese,” which at first seems like, “This is maybe an interesting dish,” but then you're like, “Is ‘peanut butter’ really any better as a term for it?” Because it's still a dairy metaphor.

Lauren: Yeah, because I was like, “That's a weird choice,” but actually, it's not that different.

Gretchen: It's really not that different at all. Especially, if you think of a cream cheese, which is like a creamier cheese, maybe? Peanut butter is kind of creamy sometimes.

Lauren: I'm still gonna eat it no matter what it's called.

Gretchen: Then you have Irish “cáis” (/kɑːʃ/), which is also from Latin “caseus”. “Caseus” is spelled with a C and an S. They're pronounced /k/ and /s/.

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: But “cheese” takes that initial /k/ and makes it /tʃ/. “Käse” and “queso” and “cacio” keep that initial /k/ sound at the beginning, but “cacio” changes the /s/ into /tʃ/.

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: Dutch keeps it the way it was. And then Irish also changes the second one into “cáis” (/kɑːʃ/). Different languages have taken this one word that seemed like it had a fairly straightforward pronunciation and altered it in slightly different ways.

Lauren: I was trying to make a cheese metaphor about things, like, fermenting and going funky with age, but I guess this is why we’re a linguistics podcast and not a food podcast.

Gretchen: “Welcome to Lingthusiasm, a food podcast about linguistics.” And this is all this weird stuff that C gets up to between different languages, historically, and in different languages in the modern era. G does the same type of thing. If you were a kid, you might have learned about hard G and soft G, or hard C and soft C.

Lauren: I really struggle with the idea of hard C and soft C, and hard G and soft G. Just to help other people who might as well, hard G is the /g/ sound and soft G is when it's used more like /ʒ/.

Gretchen: Yes, /ʒ/ or /dʒ/, which is one of the reasons why this terminology is not generally linguist-approved.

Lauren: Yeah, I just – I think about, for example, when I was chatting with Suzy Styles on the work we do about how we have this cross-sensory idea and “hard” and “soft” as a metaphor just don't work for me for those sounds. Apologies if I leave Gretchen to do all of the explaining the difference between them today.

Gretchen: Well, I don't think I'm really going to use the terms either. I'm just gonna mention the specific sound because you see when it happens cross-linguistically, there's a lot more going on than just that. These are two letters that both have that hard-soft thing going on. We don't talk about “hard Q” and “soft Q,” or “hard P” and “soft P.”

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: So why do these letters come in hard and soft versions, even if you can't remember which version is which? To do this, we need to also go back to the Romans.

Lauren: Yes, there were simpler times back in Old Latin.

Gretchen: The Latin alphabet comes from Greek, as a lot of people know. But this is one of things that always puzzled me as a kid – because I was a kid who was into the Greek alphabet – I was like, “Look, the Greeks have this letter, kappa, which stands for the K sound, and it looks like a K, and it's where we get the modern K. And they have this letter, gamma, which was very clearly supposed to be a G. Who invented the C? Why is it there, and why does it cause me so much trouble?”

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: It turns out that this is explained by the Etruscans, who were people that didn't make a distinction between the /g/ sound and the /k/ sound, like the sound in “gamma” and the sound in “kappa.” They borrowed the Greek alphabet for their language, which we don't know very much about, but we know that they didn't care about the difference between gamma and kappa because they just borrowed one, which was gamma, and they used it for both because it didn't really matter for them. Then, the Romans actually didn't initially borrow their alphabet from the Greeks. They borrowed it from the Etruscans.

Lauren: Because the Etruscans were living on the Italian peninsula, so they just borrowed it from the locals.

Gretchen: Yeah, so they just borrowed it from the locals.

Lauren: I do love an ethically locally sourced alphabet, personally.

Gretchen: Nice, locally sourced alphabet. We have fragments of pottery from the Etruscans, but we don't know a whole lot about their language. We know it wasn't Indo-European because all the Indo-European languages do distinguish between the gamma and the kappa sounds. So the Romans borrow it from the Etruscans, and then they're left with like, “Oh, geez, we actually do want to make this distinction between these two sounds that we have, but the Etruscans don't have.”

Lauren: And so someone invented the letter G.

Gretchen: Like an actual person?

Lauren: Apparently. I mean, I'm quoting from Wikipedia.

Gretchen: Do we know their name?

Lauren: Apparently, his name was Spurius Carvilius Ruga, which definitely doesn't sound like a spurious name at all.

Gretchen: That's a really spurious name. So he invented the letter G?

Lauren: Yeah, so at this point the letter C was the third letter in the alphabet, still, and he was like, “Well, look, we have this /k/ sound.” K wasn't cool anymore as a letter to represent /k/. They were all using the rounded – what we think of as C now. He was like, “We need to make more of a distinction.” And so apparently – there are people who disagree with this, but I like this story about young Spurius – created the letter G and was like, “Now, we can make the distinction again.”

Gretchen: If you look at a capital G, it just looks like a C with an extra stroke added on to it, right?

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: A gamma is like a right angle in the top left corner (Γ), and then you can curve it to make a C, and then you can add an extra stroke to make the G.

Lauren: So that's where the Romans got to. And he popped it in the alphabet in the seventh position, which is originally where a little Greek letter known as "zeta" used to live.

Gretchen: So is he responsible for the demotion of zeta as well?

Lauren: Yeah. I mean, well, no, Z also wasn't cool anymore, because the Romans didn't need it, so they never really borrowed it from the Greeks. Because, again, they got all their alphabet from the Etruscans. So the Romans weren't really down with –

Gretchen: Oh, that’s it. Okay.

Lauren: – zeta. They kind of had it there. He's was like, “Well, let's just drop that letter out, and we'll add this cool, new G thing that I invented.”

Gretchen: So he kicked out zeta and replaced it with G?

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: That's great. I love that. Latin actually pronounced – all of their C’s and G’s were /k/ and /g/.

Lauren: Imagine doing a Latin spelling bee. It would be so great. I mean, I guess that’s why they don’t have spelling bees in most languages that have regular orthographies.

Gretchen: Yeah, so easy! You know, you have your classic Latin phrase "veni vidi vici" (/weni widi wiki/) “I came. I saw. I conquered.”

Lauren: I like that you’ve used the original Latin pronunciation there, so you sound a little bit ridiculous.

Gretchen: I'd always pronounced this /vɛni vidi vitʃi/, but then I had a Latin teacher who told me, “No, no, it's actually /weni widi wiki/," and it just sounds so foolish.

Lauren: Yes, every time I hear it. So that "vici" is the C – what we think of as C – being pronounced as /k/, as in the word for “cheese.”

Gretchen: Then, in Late Latin, everything starts to go wrong. And by “wrong,” I mean “great.”

Lauren: For the Empire as well as the language.

Gretchen: Yeah, the Empire was a bit messed up. But also the language started fragmenting and becoming all these different versions. In many of the different areas, people started pronouncing the C and the G in a different way, sometimes.

Lauren: I love the “sometimes” bit. We talk about the environment that sounds are in can make them change, adds a bit of context. And that's really where the fun and the messiness of language can really play out, when you have language changing over time.

Gretchen: Yeah, we need to talk about a particular area of the mouth. This is the roof of your mouth. I'm touching it right now, but you can't see me, because it's inside. This isn’t gonna be a very useful demonstration.

Lauren: If you have clean-enough hands, and you don't mind looking a bit ridiculous in public, you can turn the tip of your finger up to the ceiling and press it into the roof of your mouth or use your tongue.

Gretchen: This is the back part of the roof of your mouth. Not the front bit right behind your teeth, but the back bit by your molars. There's kind of a little lump there. This is known in linguistics as the “palate.” There's a whole bunch of sounds that involve the palate and involve some sort of constriction at the palate, the back part of the roof of your mouth.

Lauren: It's a big chunk of space. You've got that soft bit further towards the back that you might not want to prod if you have a sensitive gag reflex.

Gretchen: Yeah, we don’t advise that.

Lauren: And you have that hard bit closer to the teeth. There's a lot of space to play with there.

Gretchen: Yeah, so there's a lot of space. You can drop your jaw and let a lot of space happen there. What's crucial about the palate is it's a space where you can make both vowels and consonants. You could make an /i/ sound, and your tongue will be towards your palate. You can make a /j/ sound, and your tongue will be towards your palate. You could make a /ʃ/ sound, and your tongue will be towards your palate.

Lauren: I'm just sitting here quietly going “sh, sh, sh” to myself.

Gretchen: I was teaching a roomful of Intro to Linguistics students about the palate, and I was saying, “Okay, we're gonna make a distinction between where S is produced, which is towards the front of the roof of your mouth –" and we don't call that the “palate,” we we use the “palate” just refer to the back part of the roof of your mouth – “and the /ʃ/ sound, which is on the palate or near the palate." I was getting the room to say “sss,” “shh,” “sss,” “shh,” back and forth. Then, I was like, “You guys thought you were enrolled in Intro to Linguistics, but you're actually enrolled in Intro to Parseltongue.”

Lauren: The very “sss-shh”-y sounds of the snake language of Harry Potter, for the three of you out there who aren't familiar. If you don't feel like making these sounds, or you want to see what other people's tongues are doing, as always with these episodes, I'm linking you to one of my favourite websites, which is where they stuck a bunch of phoneticians in an MRI machine, and you can see their tongues doing all these things, if you just click on the column of sounds called Palatals.

Gretchen: That's great. I like that website so much. So the palatals, and the /dʒ/ sound is also towards the palatals. At least it's a lot more similar to the palatals than /k/ and /g/.

Lauren: In contrast, /k/ and /g/ are made a bit further back from the palate, closer towards the back of the mouth.

Gretchen: If you’re just thinking about these palatal sounds, the thing is that because there are both vowels and consonants that can be palatal, and you have a vowel that's produced near the palate, and a consonant near it, the vowel tends to attract the consonant and make it more palatal and make it more similar to each other, because humans like to be efficient about these things.

Lauren: Even if you don't remember any terminology, and you certainly don't have to, the takeaway here is that our mouths are very good at being lazy, and they will strive to do as little moving as possible. It's like, “If I'm already there for the vowel, why am I taking myself all the way to the back of the palate? I'm just gonna hang here.” I'm always happy to celebrate laziness.

Gretchen: These palatal vowels, these vowels that are produced near the palate, tend to pull certain consonants with them. This is what happened to the /k/ and the /g/ sound.

Lauren: And it didn't necessarily happen the same way in all the different languages that descend from Latin.

Gretchen: Right, so in French, which is probably the most familiar to English because we borrowed a lot of words from French – so, sometimes you have /k/ becoming /s/ in English from Latin, sometimes you have it becoming /tʃ/ in English from Latin. You have things like “caseus” becoming “cheese,” but also something like “circus" (/kirkus/) becoming “circus” (/sɝkəs/). All those /k/’s get pulled more towards the roof of the mouth.

Lauren: But only if the vowel is luring them there, right? If the vowel isn't near that palatal bit, if the vowel is already back where the /k/ is, then it just stays there.

Gretchen: Yeah, so that's the thing. In a word like “circus” the /k/ is before an I, which was pronounced /i/, /sirkus/, whereas, the second C is before a U and that one stays /sirkus/, not /sirsus/.

Lauren: I like how I’m like, “/sirkus/ sounds completely normal. /sirsus/ sounds very wrong.”

Gretchen: Yeah, /sirsus/ is just like, “No, that didn't happen.” So, /i/ and /e/, which became I and E in English, are the ones that tend to pull the consonants towards them. Whereas /u/ and /o/ and /a/ are the ones that let the constant stay where they want to be.

Lauren: Which solves a mystery of – I mean, spelling bees are entirely mysterious to me, as I think we've established – but it solves that mystery of spelling bees, because I was always like, “Why would you ask...” – because you can ask in a spelling bee the origin of a word. And so if you ask like, “I have to spell the word 'circus.' Please, spelling bee master, tell me the origin of the word.” If I know it's a Latin word, like, “Well, that means it probably is C-I and not K-I, because originally it was probably /kirkus/”

Gretchen: Yeah, because you don't have K's in Latinate words because all of their C's changed when they were in front of an I or an E.

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: This also explains why there's some disagreement about how to pronounce the word “Celtic.”

Lauren: Oh, yeah, there's a really great post by Stan Carey that goes into the history of this, but – I don't know. I have to think really hard if I say /kɛltɪk/ or /sɛltɪk/. But I think I say /kɛltɪk/.

Gretchen: I definitely say /kɛltɪk/, but there's some sports team that's correctly pronounced /sɛltɪk/, because that's what people say when they talk about the sports team?

Lauren: Right.

Gretchen: I've definitely heard people say /sɛltɪk/. This is one of those ones where if you're obeying the Latinate rules, you're like, “Well, C-E, that must mean that the C is pronounced like an S.” And yet – because when Irish and Scottish Gaelics borrowed the Latin alphabet, it also hadn't had this sound change happen yet. All the C's were still pronounced like /k/, so all of the C's in Gaelic are hard. And so “Celt” /kɛlt/ is – there's no K in Gaelic. The C's are all pronounced /k/.

Lauren: Right.

Gretchen: So if you use the Gaelic pronunciation, then it's /kɛlt/, but if you're looking at it, and you're like, “Well, but I thought my rule was the C gets pronounced like S," then it's /sɛlt/.

Lauren: Which brings us to another major scandal in terms of how words are pronounced, which is, of course, the word that I say as /dʒɪbəɹɪʃ/ (gibberish).

Gretchen: And the word that I said on a previous episode as /gɪbəɹɪʃ/ because – I don't know. Why not say it that way?

Lauren: Yeah, I – to be honest – had not paid much attention to your pronunciation, but we had quite a few people draw attention to the fact that we have different pronunciations for this word.

Gretchen: Yeah, and this is the same thing like with /dʒɪf/ and /gɪf/ (GIF) where –

Lauren: Which is definitely not a major argument at all.

Gretchen: No, no one cares about that one on the internet. I've never heard any argument about it. With the G's, when we get a word from French, or from Latin, or from Italian, or sometimes from Spanish – but generally, Spanish, that's its own thing – we tend to pronounce that G as a /dʒ/ or a /ʒ/ like in “rouge.” But when we get it from a different language, we often pronounce it as a /g/ instead.

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: So of course, when we get it from an acronym like with GIF, all bets are off, really. There's no statistical bias in either direction.

Lauren: We have been talking exclusively about C and G, but they are not the only letters that cause me grief with spelling, which is fundamentally about palatalisation. There are other sounds in English that are also very attracted to the palate.

Gretchen: Yeah, and these are both /t/ and /d/, T and D, and /s/ and /z/, or S and Z. They're pronounced more towards the front of the palate, but, again, if they're in front of an /i/ or an /e/ sound, they tend to get pulled back towards the palate instead of pulled forward. They all get pulled toward the centre of the mouth.

Lauren: The palate is like the black hole at the centre of the mouth universe.

Gretchen: It's got gravity pulling everything towards it. Yeah, it's a very attractive place. I think it's also kind of a very easy place to say because it's just right there in the middle. So it could be anything. You don't have to go to a lot of effort to make it happen.

Lauren: Yeah, the tongue is just kind of going straight up from its neutral spot. What kind of examples do we see with these letters?

Gretchen: There's some ones that are really old that are embedded into English spelling, words like “station” and “ratio” with that T-I-O-N ending. They were at one point pronounced like /statiʌn/ and /ratio/.

Lauren: Again, would have made spelling tests a lot easier.

Gretchen: Way easier, /ratio/! The Romans said this. But /ratʃio/, /io/ gets shortened into /raʃio/ or /steʃiʌn/ and eventually gets /steʃʌn/ and /reʃio/, and other words like that. Then there's also some that are super new, and they're not even reflected in standard English spelling. They're only in representations of informal speech. That's the words like "didja?"

Lauren: As in, “Didja find out any good facts about palatalisation? Yes, I did.”

Gretchen: Yeah! If you have “did” and “you” – well, “you” can become “ya,” obviously. Then that "ya" sound, the Y at the beginning, it's also palatal, so it can pull the D towards /dɪdʒə/. I went to . a really great restaurant when I was in New York City a couple months ago, which was pointed out to me by someone on Twitter as a linguistically interesting restaurant that I should go to. It is called “Jeet Jet.”

Lauren: “Jeet Jet?”

Gretchen: “Jeet Jet,” spelled J-E-E-T J-E-T.

Lauren: Oh, as in, “Did you eat yet?”

Gretchen: Yeah.

Lauren: “Jeet Jet.”

Gretchen: “Jeet Jet?”

Lauren: That was great. Everything is just lapsing into the palatal centre.

Gretchen: So palatal! It's a palatal palace of food.

Lauren: This is why we're not a food podcast.

Gretchen: Every so often when I used to mark linguistics papers for Intro to Linguistics, you’d get somebody who would write – instead of “palatal,” they'd write “palatial.”

Lauren: Did you draw a little palace?

Gretchen: It sounds like it’s a little palace! But also, why is it not “palatial” because “palatial” is actually the palatised version of “palatal?”

Lauren: It makes sense. We might have to let the language kick on for another couple of centuries to let that process happen.

Gretchen: What's really cool about palatals is that they keep going with the trajectories of the language. In French and Italian, the C's and G's became /dʒ/and /ʒ/ and /ʃ/ and /s/, and that's pretty well-established. In Spanish, they did this other thing. The Spanish C in front of E or I went to /θ/ in Spain, like "cerveza" (/θerbeθa/), and to /s/ in South America like /serbesa/. The J, and G, and also the X – they’re now like a /h/ sound, like in "Xavier” (/havier/). But they stopped for a while at a /ʃ/ sound. For a while, this X in Spanish was pronounced /ʃ/.

Lauren: Hmm, just hung out there for a while?

Gretchen: Yeah, you can see that trajectory happening. It happened at a very specific point in Spanish history, because this point when X was being pronounced /ʃ/ also happened right around when the Spanish conquerors were first coming in contact with Nahuatl speakers in Central America. In Nahuatl, there was a sound /ʃ/, and the Spanish speakers were like, “Well, we have a letter to represent /ʃ/. It's an X. We're going to use the X to represent /ʃ/ like we do in our own language.” They transcribed certain Nahuatl words, like the word “Mexico” – /meʃiko/ – perfectly reasonably.

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: But then Spanish kept changing, and not a lot of people spoke Nahuatl, and so /meʃiko/ became /mehiko/, because the X sound was shifted from /ʃ/ to /h/.

Lauren: And so “Mexico,” did the pronunciation of it – just went with it even though it was meant to be /ʃ/?

Gretchen: A representation of the Nahuatl word.

Lauren: Ah, there you go.

Gretchen: Other languages looked at it – like English looked at the spelling of this word and said, “Well, you have an X there. We have an X.”

Lauren: “We pronounce it /ks/."

Gretchen: “Here's how we pronounce the X.” And this is where we get /mɛksɪko/, but it's actually an attempt at representing this Nahuatl sound, but then Spanish changed out from under it.

Lauren: It reminds me of when “Beijing” was updated from the older word, “Peking.” We still have “Peking” in “Peking Duck,” and you have that /k/ there in the “-king.” When it was updated, it becomes “-jing,” because over the centuries since it was originally written down, palatalisation has occurred in Mandarin Chinese.

Gretchen: Oh, that's so good! I just thought the Europeans are really incompetent at transcribing things.

Lauren: I mean, the Europeans were pretty incompetent, and I'm sure that was part of the problem. But you actually have that palatalisation happening in Mandarin as well. It's not just an Indo-European phenomenon.

Gretchen: Oh, so there's just a sound change happening in Mandarin as well at the same time. That's so good.

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: There's also a really interesting historical example of other languages doing palatalisation, because once you can spot palatalisation, you can find it everywhere. It's in so many languages. I'd be honestly more surprised to find a language that had never done any sort of palatalisation – that hadn’t done it – than I would be surprised to find it in another language. Bantu languages, which are spoken in a wide swath of Africa, they have a set of prefixes that go at the beginning of certain nouns and verbs to indicate which category the nouns belong to, in a very, very simple explanation of that. One of these prefixes is used before a noun to make it the language related to that noun.

Lauren: Right.

Gretchen: So you have things like – in the Congo, the language that’s spoken is Kikongo.

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: In Rwanda, the language that’s spoken is Kinyarwanda. In Botswana, the language that spoken is Setswana. What's really interesting here is that this prefix, you can tell it's started out as /ki/, but in some languages it's become /tʃi/ or /ʃi/ or /si/ or /se/. You can tell that's because this palatal vowel has brought it more towards the vowel. So you have Kiswahili, but isiZulu or isiXhosa], or Tshivenda. Some of them still have the /ki/, some of them have changed it to /si/ or /tʃi/. You can see this relationship because they all have the same prefix, but it's changed differently because the sound changes have happened differently in the different languages.

Lauren: Exactly the same set of changes as we get with our cheeses of Europe.

Gretchen: The same cheese-changes. I have a very vivid memory about when I first learned about palatalisation. This was when I went to Scottish Gaelic summer camp when I was 10 or 12?

Lauren: The thing is we don't have summer camps in Australia. So I find all summer camps mysterious. I'm like, “Of course, you went on summer camp for Gaelic. Like, that's that weird thing that North Americans do. They go on summer camp.”

Gretchen: It is not very common to go on summer camp for Gaelic. Most of the other kids that were there, were there to learn, like, fiddle, or step dance, or something, which is still fairly rare. Most people go, like, canoeing or something.

Lauren: Okay.

Gretchen: But I was a budding linguist, and I wanted to learn Gaelic. So when I was learning Gaelic, they told me about this distinction between broad vowels and slender vowels. This is super important in Gaelic and in Irish as well, because a whole bunch of consonants in Gaelic change the way they're pronounced depending on which vowels they’re next to.

Lauren: Right.

Gretchen: So you end up with all these silent vowels where the vowel itself is silent, but it's just being used to tell you how to pronounce the consonant that it's next to.

Lauren: This is a bit like when I realised the reason you don't hear, in Spanish or in English – the word “guitar,” you don't hear that U – is because Spanish uses U in the same way there, to indicate that it should be a /g/ and not a /ʒɪtɑɹ/.

Gretchen: Exactly, it means the same U that's in, like, "Guillaume" to indicate that that is a /g/ – or in “guerre,” “guerrilla,” for “war.”

Lauren: Yeah, it was a complete revelation for me when I was like, “I'm not meant to – the U is just there to help me, not to hinder me.”

Gretchen: Yeah, it's to help you according to a completely different system that you only understand incompletely.

Lauren: Yeah.

Gretchen: This is the same thing for Gaelic. If you have a word, “fáilte,” which is the word for "welcome," and the last two letters are T-E, the way you know that that T is pronounced like a /tʃ/ is because there's an E next to it. Or if you have names like “Sean,” or “Sinead,” or “Siobhan,” the way that you know that that S is pronounced like a /ʃ/ is because it has an E or an I next to it.

Lauren: Just, like, “Come with me towards the palate.”

Gretchen: This is the kind of thing that they teach you in Gaelic 101. They’re like, “Here's the broad vowels. Here's the slender vowels. Here's why they're so important,” because they tell you how to do this with all your consonants. And yet, afterwards, I was like, “But English also kind of does this. Because if you have a word like “circus,” the way that you know how each of the C's is pronounced is based on the same distinction between what Gaelic traditionally calls “broad” and “slender” vowels, but we can call “palatal” or “non-palatal” vowels. The slender vowels in Gaelic are the same thing as a palatal vowel, or a front vowel to use the proper linguistic term. All of those are the same class of things that all cause the same types of sound changes. The “broad” vowels, or the “non-palatal” vowels, or the “back” vowels are all the same category of stuff that doesn't cause the sound change. And that totally rocked my world when I figured it out the first time.

Lauren: I think the thing is, given my general spelling issues, even though I have trouble with spelling, I really appreciate that palatalisation makes pronouncing things easier. In many ways, it's really great that the writing system we have captures this history of how these sounds were all the way back to Latin, all the way back to our friend Spurius, and they're there to help us.

Gretchen: Yeah, it makes certain connections easier to see. A word like “electric,” “electricity,” the C is still there, and when you add an I on to it with the “-ity” ending, you can see it change pronunciation. You can see the connections between those words more straightforwardly. Whereas, if there was a K at the end, you wouldn't necessarily know that it was one that was going to change its pronunciation if an I was added to it. I think what fascinates me about palatalisation is it's one of the ways in which linguistics lets us peer deeply into the soul of a language, or into history of a language, and into the connections between languages, and lets us think of these things that we think of as messy and anomalous as actually a unified part of our shared anatomy across all of the spoken languages that we have this in common, which is that we all find it easier to pronounce things in a certain area of our mouths the same. That makes us part of this really big human story in what seems to be just annoying ways to spell things.

[Music]

Lauren: For more Lingthusiasm, and links to all the things mentioned in this episode, go to lingthusiasm.com. You can listen to us on Apple podcasts, iTunes, Google Podcasts, SoundCloud, or wherever else you get your podcasts. We're also now on Spotify, so if you use that, you can find us there. You can follow us at @Lingthusiasm on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Tumblr. And you can get IPA scarves, IPA ties, and other Lingthusiasm merch at lingthusiasm.com/merch. I tweet and blog as Superlinguo.

Gretchen: I can be found as @GretchenAMcC on Twitter, and my blog is AllThingsLinguistic.com. To listen to bonus episodes, ask us your linguistics questions, help keep the show ad-free, go to patreon.com/lingthusiasm or follow the links from our website. Recent bonus topics include: hyperforeignisms, multilingual babies, homonyms, and how to have a good time at academic conferences. You could help us pick the next topic by becoming a patron. Can't afford to pledge? That's okay too. We also really appreciate it if you can recommend Lingthusiasm to anyone who needs a little more linguistics in their life. Especially this month, we're doing our special anniversary round to help the show grow.

Lauren: Lingthusiasm is created and produced by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne, our audio producer is Claire Gawne, our editorial producers are A.E. Prévost and Sarah Dopierala, and our editorial manager is Emily Gref, Our production assistants are Celine Yoon and Fabianne Anderberg. Our music is by The Triangles. Stay lingthusiastic!

[Music]

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

[pogingartist]

Chapter 2 kuno😂 (Warning! Karupukan Content)

(Granby hymn😂) In the western part of Cavite, may batang naligaw sa granby(Cheret😂)

*Firstday of school*

Prof: Bakit ka nag IT?

Me: (blabidibla, dami sinabi, pabibo😂)

( Pero deep inside, "wala naman akong choice diba?")

Fast forward, minahal ko nalang pagiging BSIT student ko.

Tas balik tayo sa nanay ko😅 Natuloy na pag aabroad niya. And you know what? SOBRANG SWERTE NIYA SA AMO NIYA THIS TIME. Malayong kamaganak namin. Nag migrate na sila sa ( walang specific na bansa kasi palipat lipat😂 dati dubai ngayun singapore ). So ayun, ang galing lang ng Lord. Kaya pala di Niya hinayaan na matuloy nanay ko dati mag abroad kasi may mas better. DIBAAAAA. GAANO KATINDE YUN. HIS PLANS IS MUCH BETTER THAN OURS TALAGA. TALAGA! 😭😭

Tapos ayun na nga, may pangtustos na kami sa pagaaral naming magkakapatid.

TAPOS ETO NA NGA, LAGYAN NA NATIN NG KONTING KARUPUKAN SLASH KAHARUTAN ITONG SINUSULAT KO PARA DI BORING NG KONTI😂😂.

*Insert background music*🎶🎶🎶

(Maybe the night by Ben&Ben)

(Intro) Tenen, tenenen, tenen 😂 I wanna lay down by the fire with you 🎶🎶🎶

Intro palang ng kantang yan, siya na agad naalala ko. HAHAHAHA wait, sinong siya?

Itago nalang muna natin siyas sa pangalang "Mae". 😂 Classmate ko siya nung 1st-2nd year nung HS. Crush ko na siya nun. (Harot, di bagay sa muka) 😂. Tas nung college na kami, kinamusta ko siya on chat. Fast forward, umabot ng 2 years ata yung pagiging close namin(online).

(Wait, naka linked pala to sa twitter, syempre tatanggalin ko nuh, mababasa niya eh😂)

Araw araw talaga kami magkausap. Late night talks, "Kumain kana?", "Good morning", "Good night" etccccc.

Dumating pa sa point na, umamin siya sakin trough text message. Keso gento keso genyan, (bahala na kau magisip kung anung sinabi niya)😂 nasakin pa ata yung screenshot ng convo namin nun. Tas alam niyo sabi ko "chill ka lang, bata pa tayo", "saka na natin pagusapan yan" etccccc. (Ang pogi ko sa part nato) 😂😂😂 Ewan ko ba. Pero nung time nayun, may gusto narin ako sa kanya. Pero diko inamin. Ang layo niya kasi, mga tatlong sakay ng jeep😂.OO, malayo yun sakin 😂 Tas ayun, sabi ng bestfriend ko binusted ko daw. (Oh diba ang gwapo ko😂😂😂) Look, kung umamin ako, parang kami narin? (Ganun bayun?) Eh dipako ready talaga nun😂. Saka online lang kami naguusap. Gusto ko sana pag nakagraduate na, lagi na kami magkasama, ganun.

Dumating din sa point na ako naman yung umamin. Pero lowkey lang😂😂😂 Hindi directly to the point. 😂😂😂 Kayo na bahala magisip kung pano yun😂 Pero siya naman yung baliktad. Gento genyan.

Hanggang sa nagkagusto na siya ng tuluyan sa iba. Kala ko aantayin niya pako, akala ko lang pala. 😅

Lagi siyang nagoopen ng topic about dun sa guy. Nahingi pa siya ng payo. Eh pano, may gusto rin itong guy sa kanya.

Hanggang sa di nalang kami nagusap. Siguro eto yung sinasabi nilang nang-ghost 😂

Naalala ko tuloy yung katangahan ko. Akalain mo, nanood kami sine, tas yung pinanood namin kakapanood ko lang the day before. HAHAHAHAHA makasama lang siya. Oh diba, tungak😂. Pinanood namin nun "Exes Baggage" kaya naalala ko talaga siya pag naririnig ko yung "Maybe the Night". Hays😂

Pero we're still friends padin. Sobrang laking parte ni Mae sa naging buhay ko. Isa siya sa mga naging dahilan kung bakit ako naging Christian. Sobrang tinde kasi ng faith nito sa Lord. Ayun, nahawa ako. 😅 Thanks Mae.

Ngayun di na kami madalas magusap. AS IN.

Tas eto nga, nag chat bigla, miss niya na daw ako😂.

*Dami ko pa gusto ikwento, bukas nalang*😁

[edxnwood]

4. GREY WORM

( road to yunkai )

"THESE ARE THE ONES?" Dany walks up to Missandei, a man from her original khalasar taking the reins of her white mare. They were on their way to Yunkai, also known as the Yellow City, as it was known for its yellow bricked buildings. Their main exports are bed slaves, boy-whores, and worse.

"Yes, Khaleesi. The officers." The small group of Unsullied march up to them, stopping within a few feet of the two women. Dany addresses the officers. "Keso glaesot iderēptot daor. Yn dāeri vali sīr issi. Se dāeri vali pōntalo syt gaomoti iderēbzi. Jenti jevi jemēle iderēbilātās, qogrondo jevo hēdrȳ?" (You did not choose this life. But are free men now. And free men make their own choices. Have you selected your own leader from amongst your ranks?) They all move aside to let the lone man be seen digging his spear into the sand. He had colored skin, almost the color of the coffee Daenerys' brother used to drink in the morning with Illyrio, perhaps a shade darker. "Nādīnagon aōha gelte." (Remove your helmet.)

He unties the straps in the bottom that held it to his head, then takes hold of the top and takes it off, walking towards his leader. "Bisy emagon se rigle." (This one has the honor.)

"Skoroso jemēle brōzā?"  (What is your name?)

"Turgon Nudho," he answers. (Grey Worm.)  

"Turgon Nudho?" Dany asks, turning her head towards Missandei, wanting her to explain as to why this man has the name of Grey Worm. "All Unsullied boys are given new names when they are cut," the younger girl reveals. "Grey Worm, Red Flea, Black Rat. Names that remind them what they are: vermin."

Dany doesn't want to let her own soldiers think that they are vermin; they are not, they are human beings. "Hēzīr, brōza jevi jemēle iderēbilātās. Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. Gadbag aōhe qrīdrughās. Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās. Avy hoskas lue brōzi." (From this day forward, you will choose your own names. You will tell all your fellow soldiers to do the same. Throw away your slave name. Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other. A name that gives you pride.)

"'Torgo Nudho' hokas bezy. Sa me broji beri. Ji broji ez bezo sene stas qimbroto. Kuny iles ji broji meles esko mazedhas derari va buzdar. Y Torgo Nudho sa ji broji ez bezy eji tovi Daenerys Jelmazmo ji teptas ji derve." ('Grey Worm' gives this one pride. It is a lucky name. The name this one was born with was cursed. That was the name he had when he was taken as a slave. But Grey Worm is the name this one had the day Daenerys Stormborn set him free.)  

Daenerys was shocked that they had accepted her, but even more shocked that he wanted to keep his vermin name. They never spoke or showed emotions, but they all believed in Daenerys, dragons or none because she was a goddess come down to save them from the horrors of the masters.

( gates of yunkai )

"Yunkai," Ser Barristan says as he, Daenerys, Jorah, Grey Worm, and a few Unsullied soldiers walked closer to the edge of the hill that overlooked the Yellow City. "The Yellow City." Flies buzzed around, the two Unsullied stopping a few meters down from where the others were going. "The Yunkish train bed slaves, not soldiers. We can defeat them on the field with ease."

"But they won't meet us on the field," Jorah contradicts his statement, looking back at the gates. "They have provisions, patience, and strong walls. If they're wise, they'll hide behind those walls and chip away at us, man by man."

"I don't want half my army killed before I've crossed the Narrow Sea."

"We don't need Yunkai, Khaleesi," Jorah shakes his head at her. "Taking this city will not bring you any closer to Westeros or the Iron Throne." Don't need Yunkai? Dany thought. There are slaves in that city, wordlessly crying for help, and if we do nothing, then they will continue to cry. But of course, the elders would be used to it and would have stopped crying and pleading a long time ago. Because people learn to love their chains. "How many slaves are in Yunkai?" She asks softly.

"200,000. If not, more."

Dany looks at him through her thick eyelashes, the sun beating down upon them. "Then we have 200,000 reasons to take the city." She turns to Grey Worm. "Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna. Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astapor Yunkai botilza." (Send a man to the city gates. Tell the slavers I will receive them here, and accept their surrender. Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.) Grey Worm nods down at her, turning around to call for a trusted soldier.

( a short while later )

The Unsullied lining the roads raise their shields in a warning, a Yunkish soldier beating on a drum rhythmically as he walks in front of the others, slaves carrying a large pedestal adorned with gold and red ornaments. Dany changed her blue dress to a white one, which had a thick black belt and a ring attached around her neck. A tent had been put up in the time it took for them to arrive, holding an elaborate chair that Dany now sat upon.

The pedestal was put on the ground, and the master inside of it climbs out, wearing a white robe with blue and yellow detailing. "Now comes the noble Razal mo Eraz of that ancient and noble house, master of men and speaker to savages, to offer terms of peace." Rhaegal screeches at the man as he approaches, Drogon purring like a cat as he got his head scratched by Dany. Viserion sat on top of a rod. When he gets too close, though, Drogon lets out a louder cry, showing him all his pointed teeth. Razal stops in his spot. "Noble lord, you are in the presence of Daenerys Stormborn of House Targaryen, Queen of the Andals and the First Men, Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea, Breaker of Chains, and Mother of Dragons."

"You may approach," Dany says, gesturing to the cleared spot in front of her. "Sit." A Dothraki woman places a smaller chair in front of Razal, Missandei getting a kettle and a vessel to pour the drink in. "Will the noble lord take refreshment?" She asks him, only to get a small nod in response. Silence passes as he sips at the drink, and he sets the cup down as he swallows what was in his mouth.

"Ancient and glorious is Yunkai," he states. "Our empire was old before dragons stirred in Old Valyria. Many an army has broken against our walls," Dany reaches into a small pot to get a piece of raw meat, "you shall find no easy conquest here, Khaleesi." Daenerys throws the meat into the air, the three dragons immediately spreading their wings and flying to catch it, fighting with each other like siblings. The master jumps back.

"Good, my Unsullied need practice as I was told to blood them early."

"If blood is your desire, blood shall flow. But why? Tis true you have committed savageries in Astapor, but the Yunaki are a forgiving and generous people." He claps twice and four men carrying two different chests come forward. "The Wise Masters of Yunkai have sent a gift for the Silver Queen." In one of the chests that were opened were bars of gold that filled the wood to the brim, Dany looking up at her advisors. "There is far more than this awaiting you on the deck of your ship."

"My ship?"

"Yes, Khaleesi. As I said, we are a generous people. You should have as many ships as you require."

"And what do you asked in return?"

"All we ask is that you make use of these ships. Sail them back to Westeros where you belong, and leave us to conduct our affairs in peace," Dany looked down at the slaves to see that they were kneeling, a knee on the ground and holding their upper bodies up with their hands, heads bowed. "I have a gift for you as well," she says. "Your life."

"My life?"

"And the lives of your Wise Masters, but I also want something in return. You will release every slave in Yunkai, every man, woman, and child shall be given as much food, clothing, and property as they can carry as payment for their years of servitude. Reject this gift, and I shall show you no mercy."

"You are mad, we are not Astapor or Qarth, we are Yunkai, and we have powerful friends who would take great pleasure in destroying you. Those who survive we shall enslave once more. Perhaps we'll make a slave of  you as well." Drogon screeches at him from his place, stopping Razal in his place. "You swore me safe conduct."

"I did, but my dragons made no promises. And you threatened their mother."

"Take the gold," Razal commands the slaves, the men coming to their feet, watching the dragon with fear in their eyes, watching to see what he would do. Drogon jumps down onto the table, knocking down a bowl of grapes, screeching at the men, making them jump back and scream. "My gold," Dany raises her eyebrows. "You gave it to me, remember? And I shall put it to good use, you'd be wise to do the same with my gift to you. Now get out." Razal leaves, fuming Valyrian words under his breath.

"The Yunkish are proud people, they will not bend."

"And what happens to things that don't bend? He said he had powerful friends, who was he talking about?"

"I don't know," Jorah shakes his head.

"Find out." Drogon jumps towards his mother, expecting a head rub from her, and purs when her hand touches his cheek. What happens to things that don't bend? Dany thought.

They break.

[unfo11owmelol]

Okay just sayin, your dislike of i/keso/ren is so valid and i really appreciate that I'm not the only one who finds them to be overdramatic and ill-fitting for a romantic relationship. Everyone else is going crazy for it but tbh?? I/ke deserves to be happier than that okay thanks for coming to my ted talk

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Oh my goodness OK don’t mind if I post this because there’s a few other people in my notifs who hate the ship too.

I definitely think S0/ren needs to get his head out of his ass and stop acting like I/ke is the only one in the world and the only thing that could understand or comfort him and get him out of his misery. No!! You’re just guilt tripping him!! Oscar makes you food! Mist checks up on you!! Greil let you be the tactitian!!! Stop acting like spoiled brat!!! Ik/e/ is not your stuffed animal toy or your babysitter!!! Stop it!!

I’ve said it before, but I feel like S0/ren is really clinging to Ik/e out of desperation and abandonment issues. It’s very exhausting and unhealthy and shippers are just normalizing/romanticizing that. The ship is such a soap opera and it’s just such a waste of effort for I/ke.

OK, here’s my TED talk. I need S0ren to go on a trip with Stefan, a branded. He needs to learn to let go of I/ke and his issues and become a better person. He should try to talk with Tormod and Muarim. He should try becoming friends with Skimir. He should try everything BESIDES sticking with I/ke, I’m serious.   

[jamloves219]

Happy birthday to this amazing sister that I have. Happy 10 years and counting! I really can’t tell when did our friendship started basta alam ko one day, you just become my “Go-To” my only option to go to because I need someone to talk to, gusto ko mag long drive and Baguio then I’ll sleepover to your place (Salamat din po tito/tita hehe) The kind of friendship that listens and helps me grow maturely. The kind of heart I’ve always wanted to have. Thank you for keeping me insane and grateful to have you in my life forever!!!! I love you to the moon and back ❤️✨ Thank you for being you and for never giving up on me lalo na sa mga times na palage na lang ako iiyak o magrant sayo keso ganito ganyan wahahahahaha those we’re the days and I guess ganun din naman ngayon pero mas better Jam na. Alam mo na wahahahah 🤭❤️✨ I hope and pray for our friendship to grow as old as our hearts. I’m so excited sa next chapters ng buhay natin ✨🎉🎊 God knows. I love you so much, Anna ❤️ Bond soon!!! God bless! 😊 (at Baguio City, Benguet Province) https://www.instagram.com/p/CiFWtZUJFUS/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[keso-archived]

i found some printable cardboard/paper stuff on google so i decided to make em :D

(if you wanna make one too, ask me and i'll give you the links to the printables :) [i did not make the printables, the credits goes to whoever made them!])

[kesoo]

It’s overwhelming being back in the LU fandom after a 2 years break the amount of content u find after some digging………..its like a goldmine

[feelingsareinsane]

Just finished Fleabag Season 2 and idk what to feel tbh. It’s a mix of happy, sad, lost, and loneliness. I was so infested in the Priest and Fleabag’s relationship but they didnt end up together..but they love each other..but theyre meant to be…i have no words to describe what im feeling. Im numb. But i did cry a lot this season.

I feel so lonely…zen was my whole world for a good chunk of my adult life..she was my best friend and i guess girlfriend. I barely even talked to alyssa then, which i kind of regret doing. I didnt mean to i just talked to zen more those days. But ever since we broke up, ive gotten really close with my college friends the bast 2 years and im so happy to have them in my life. Ive reconnected with ivan and alyssa. Gotten close to abram and aly as well, a bit of keso and april too.

I cant shake the feeling that there’s something wrong with me the past few months. I have my friends and family around me but why do i still feel so fucking lonely. I am happy, im earning more, i get to buy things and go out. I feel free. But why do i feel this way still? I can be happy alone but as they say, “ the greatest thing youll ever learn is to love and be loved in return”. I guess its time to rewatch moulin rouge?

I hope there’s someone out there for me. There is someone out there. Im manifesting it.

Love,

Kaila

2022 0904 12:45am