#limits and derivatives class 11

[9nid]

BASICS OF LIMITS Part-03 LIMITS BEGINNER'S COURSE DL Hospital Rule

[edusquaremaths]

BASICS OF LIMITS Part-03 LIMITS BEGINNER'S COURSE DL Hospital Rule

[ashishkumarletslearn]

Sample Videos of Class 11 Maths Tutorials by Ashish Sir on MathYug

In this blog, we will explore some sample videos that showcase the quality, depth, and teaching methodology employed by Ashish Sir in his MathYug tutorials.

1. Sets

2. Relations and Functions

3. Permutations and Combinations

4. Complex Numbers

5. Straight Lines

6. Sequences and Series

7. Limits and Derivatives

8. Conic Sections

9. Principle of Mathematical Induction

Join MathYug Today!

MathYug, under the expert guidance of Ashish Sir, offers a transformative learning experience for Class 11 students. The sample videos provide a glimpse into the high-quality content and teaching methods that make MathYug a preferred choice for many. Whether you are struggling with a particular topic or looking to excel in your studies, Ashish Sir’s video tutorials are an invaluable resource.

To explore more and start your journey towards mastering Class 11 Maths, visit MathYug and dive into the world of mathematics with confidence and enthusiasm!

Explore the complete library of tutorials and start learning today!

[intuitive-revelations]

Headcanon: one of the reasons why Gallifreyan is a) so complex, and b) so inconsistent, is because it's less one language and more a complex mishmash of thousands of languages and dialects.

Think about how one of the reasons English can be complex to learn is because of the mix of Germanic and romance language roots, and now take it up to 11.

While one might expect Gallifrey to be monolingual, given its age and class structure, this probably isn't technically the case. After all, why limit your culture to one language when the average citizen is effectively panlingual (to the point that TARDIS translation circuits are actually dependent on their pilots' knowledge, rather than the other way round)?

Thus, if there once were distinct languages on Gallifrey, they probably have all been merged at this point into modern Gallifrey's super-Esperanto. Add in loan words from notable civilisations across all of spacetime (but likely primarily from Gallifreyan colonies and allies like Dronid, Minyos, Cartego etc.), and it quickly becomes quite unwieldy.

It's also likely that there's a lot of overlap between these sub-languages, which can make distinguishing meaning hard to an outsider. Gallifreyans likely get around this courtesy of their telepathic connections.

TBH, given Time Lord sensibilities, it's likely that every single word variation has its own delicate meanings, derived not just from their societal uses but also from the etymology and history of each one. Canonically (though I don't have a source) we know that there are 30 different words meaning "culture shock", for example, which likely have very minor distinctions in meaning. We also know, unsurprisingly, that there's at least 208 tenses to help in describing time travel.

As an example - imagine being a Sunari ambassador at an embassy gathering and accidentally offending every Time Lord in the room because you accidentally used a definite article derived from the memeovored Old High Tersuran colony dialect, now considered low-brow by association with modern Tersuran, when you intended to use a nearly identical form of the word originating from the Founding Conflict, a triumphant post-Rassilonian intervention, distinguished by a near-imperceptible glottal stop.

It's likely that some of these Gallifreyan sub-languages/dialects may still be spoken with increased frequency under certain conditions, such as in one's own House or when visiting other city complexes. We know, for example, that Arcadia seems to be associated with a "Northern English" accent (which Nine picked up subconsciously post-regeneration, with the Fall of Arcadia being one of the last things the War Doctor remembered before DOTD's multi-Doctor event - hence "lots of planets have a north") when translated, which may indicate some dialect differences in the original language. I suspect there is a societal expectation for Gallifreyans to code-switch depending on the situation, with Citadel business generally expecting the Gallifreyan equivalent of RP, though it's relatively common for Time Lords less concerned with respectability and politicking to not comply.

One nice benefit of all this complexity, and the reason I made this post, is that there's a good argument to be made that every fan attempt to construct a Gallifreyan language can be 'canon', contradictions and all.

Greencook Gallifreyan? A formal evolution of Pythian prophecy scripture into the post-Intuitive Revelation era (based on its similarities with the Visionary's scrawling in The End of Time).

Sherman Gallifreyan? A modern katakana-like phonetic alphabet for the rapid-onslaught of new loan words following President Romana's open academy policies. Recently adopted by the Fifteenth Doctor for writing human proverbs.

Teegarden Gallifreyan? An archaic but recognisable near-Capitolian dialect from the Prydonian mountains, once spoken by Oldblood houses like Lungbarrow and Blyledge.

Or, in a nutshell, the state of Gallifreyan conlangs (and maybe in-universe Gallifreyan dialects):

I guess the dream project would be to accept the complexity and create some sort of grand modular "meta-Gallifreyan" conlang, merging as many fan interpretations as possible with their own distinctions and overlaps, that can continue to be updated as new ideas come up and new stories are released...

[sskybooks]

A world-building list. Enjoy! :)

1. Geography & Environment

What is the physical geography of the world: (continents, oceans, mountains)?

Are there any unusual natural phenomena or landmarks (e.g., floating islands, glowing forests)?

What is the climate like, and does it vary across regions?

How does the environment affect the lives and behaviors of the inhabitants?

Are there specific resources the world is known for?

What's the weather like?

2. Culture & Society

What are the main cultures or civilizations in the world?

How do people express their cultural identity (e.g., clothing, festivals, music)?

What are the major languages or dialects, and how do they influence communication?

What are the social hierarchies or class systems?

What role do gender roles, traditions, or taboos play?

3. Politics & Government

What are the dominant forms of governance (monarchies, democracies, councils)?

Who holds power, and how do they maintain it?

How are laws created and enforced?

Are there any significant political conflicts or alliances?

What role do religion or philosophy play in politics?

4. Religion & Beliefs

What are the dominant religions or belief systems?

How do they explain the creation of the world or existence?

Are there gods, spirits, or other supernatural entities worshipped?

What religious practices or rituals are common?

How do belief systems shape daily life, morality, and culture?

5. Economy & Trade

What is the primary currency or barter system?

What industries or trades dominate the economy?

How do people make a living?

What goods are exported or imported between regions?

Are there economic disparities or poverty?

6. Technology & Innovation

What level of technology does the world possess (medieval, steampunk, futuristic)?

Are there any unique inventions or discoveries?

How has technology shaped warfare, communication, or travel?

Is there a reliance on magic, science, or a mix of both?

Are there limitations or dangers associated with technology?

7. Magic & Mysticism

Does magic exist, and how is it accessed or controlled?

What are the rules or limitations of magic?

Are there magical creatures, artifacts, or phenomena?

Who can use magic, and is it regulated or feared?

How does magic influence politics, economy, or daily life?

8. History & Mythology

What are the major historical events or turning points?

Are there legendary heroes, villains, or mythical stories passed down?

How do different cultures interpret history or myth?

Are there ruins or relics of past civilizations?

What lessons or warnings do people derive from their history?

9. Inhabitants

What species or races inhabit the world?

How do different groups interact or coexist?

Are there unique traits, abilities, or traditions among species?

What challenges do they face in their environment?

How do they adapt or evolve over time?

10. Conflict & Change

What are the major sources of conflict (political, religious, resource-based)?

Are there ongoing wars or rebellions?

How do natural disasters, diseases, or other calamities shape the world?

What changes or innovations threaten the status quo?

How do ordinary people perceive these conflicts?

11. Transportation & Communication

How do people travel (roads, ships, airships, portals)?

What is the fastest or most efficient way to get around?

How is information shared across regions?

Are there any special navigational challenges (storms, voids, magical barriers)?

Do certain regions remain isolated due to transportation limitations?

12. Food & Daily Life

What is the staple diet of various regions?

How do people prepare and share food?

What is a typical day like for different social classes or species?

What sports, games, or hobbies are popular?

How is leisure time spent, if at all?

13. Art & Literature

What forms of art are celebrated (painting, music, dance, poetry)?

Are there famous artists, authors, or performers in history?

How do different cultures view or value art?

Are there shared myths, epics, or tales that unite people?

How is history or knowledge recorded (books, oral tradition, carvings)?

14. Science & Medicine

What is the state of medical knowledge or healthcare?

Are there known cures for diseases, or do plagues persist?

How do people approach science—curiosity, fear, or reverence?

Are there ethical debates surrounding scientific progress?

How do medicine and science interact with magic, if at all?

15. Relationships & Identity

How do people define family or community?

Are marriages, partnerships, or unions celebrated?

How is identity expressed (names, clothing, tattoos)?

Are there rites of passage marking maturity or status?

How do people honor their dead or remember ancestors?

[rpg-wonderland]

Non-Scaling Hit Points

I've never been a fan of how D&D characters start at human power, but eventually grow to having hundreds of hit points and able to tank a cannonball to the face.

(Notably, this is pretty much only a problem for D&D and its close derivatives; almost every other RPG has characters at a much narrowed band of HP values [or equivalent])

At the same time, I still wished for hit points to be randomly determined, and for them to go up as you level, just on a limited fashion.

Here's what I've come up with.

At character creation, roll dice for HP. This might be 3d6 for wizards, 4d6 for thieves, and 5d6 for fighters; or maybe 3d6 for wizards, 3d8 for thieves, 3d10 for fighters. Whichever your preference, players record the individual dice results, not just the total (so you might write down '2-4-5' and have 11 hp). Add Constitution modifiers to taste (my current preference is 'add CON to each die')

Whenever a player gains a level, they roll another die. If that result is higher than one of their old ones, they swap. So, for example, if you had 2-4-5, and roll a 4, they now have 4-4-5, with a total of 13 hp.

This means hp totals are capped per class (e.g. wizards have up to 18 before CON modifiers), and low rolls during character creation are quickly patched up.

[outoftheirdifferences]

15 Questions For The Writer

1. Are you named after anyone? Nope; my parents chose my name specifically for its meaning, rather than anything else.

2. When was the last time you cried? Yesterday. I was watching CinemaTherapy's video about Wreck-it Ralph on Youtube, and they showed the Broken Karted scene and OH MAN that scene ruins me emotionally every time, I was just sobbing over here xD;;;

3. Do you have kids? Nerp. I'd kinda like to adopt someday, though.

4. Do you use sarcasm a lot? Only in contexts when it's clear that I'm joking. I don't like to be misunderstood, so I try to only use it when I can be obvious about it!

5. What’s the first thing you notice about people? That's going to be their clothes, probably; not necessarily in great detail, but at least the basics of what kind of shirt or whatever they're wearing. I'm not always great with, e.g., faces - and even less so with maintaining eye contact! - so details of those don't tend to stand out to me right away.

6. What’s your eye colour? I don't even know anymore. Mostly a kind of off-grey, I think? Though there seems to be a tiny splatter of brown in there too; and I'm sure they used to be closer to blue when I was a child. So...?

7. Scary movies or happy endings? I do not do scary movies at all. As a kid I was easily upset and so wouldn't consider even touching them with a ten foot pole, and even now I'm too squeamish for guts and gore xD Happy endings - or at least endings with an aspect of hope to them even if they're not fully happy - are definitely my scene.

8. Any special talents? I am absolutely great at memorising movie scripts. I could recite the entirety of The Lion King, for example, word for word at the drop of a hat, and the same is true of several other movies too if I've watched them at least a handful of times. Toy Story 2 is another good example; and as a kid I had both Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins and Bionicle: Mask of Light - two childhood favourites! - committed to memory as well... though I'm a bit rusty on those two these days, I can probably still recite a fair chunk of either of them. There are even more movies, mostly animated ones, where I can do something like 85% of them for memory but just stumble on certain specific details.

And I have absolutely no idea what to do with this ability. I'd love to find some context in which this was actually USEFUL; but that degree of excellent memory doesn't necessarily apply to other things, it's very specific to movie dialogue, so it's kind of... a very limited usability?

9. Where were you born? Ascot, UK.

11. Have you any pets? Nope. I'd love to have a dog, but I can't really afford it at present... and am not sure I'd be up to taking responsibility for one all by myself, either. In the future once my gf and I are in the same place together long-term, maybe!

Otherwise, I haven't had a pet in the family since my parents took on looking after my grandma's elderly budgie, after she could no longer care for him, when I was really young.

12. What sport do you play/have played? NONE xD Sports have never been for me; I'm not particularly athletic anyway and even watching them has doesn't appeal to me, much less participating!

Okay, not strictly true, although the sentiment still stands! But I recall I did take part in rounders club in my last year of primary school (rounders has some similarities to, and derives from the same roots as, baseball, although is kinda a lower-intensity British version without the signature gloves) but that was just for a little bit of fun. In secondary school we had to play some sports in PE classes, but I avoided the action in those as much as possible. And I've very occasionally played casual badminton with my mum or with friends; but again never competitively, only for fun.

13. How tall are you? 1.73 metres, a.k.a. roughly 5'8".

14. Favourite subject in school? DT Graphic Design. You'd think Art, wouldn't you... but I could never really get into that, I preferred to just draw on my own terms than study different styles or whatever. Graphic Design was all about designing our own stuff, though, and that was the part that really drew me in and was a lot of fun.

Also kinda Maths, not that I especially enjoyed it but I was good at it - which made it satisfying, if not exciting!

15. Dream job? ANIMATOR! In the distant future, that is, as far as it being a job goes: for now I'm not ready to try for it as a career but I am focusing on working on animated projects in my own time. I'm pretty much entirely self-taught, so for now I just want to focus on practicing and getting good at it before I pursue it on a serious level... but that's the eventual dream, at least!

tagging: Anyone! tagged by: taken from @storybounded

[rbigradebsyllabus]

Complete Guide to RBI Grade B Syllabus 2025: Phase-wise Breakdown & Preparation Tips

Introduction

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) conducts the Grade B examination to recruit officers in its various departments. It is one of the most prestigious and competitive exams in India’s banking sector. Every year, thousands of aspirants compete for a limited number of seats, making a thorough understanding of the rbi grade b syllabus essential for success. The exam is conducted in three phases: Phase I (Prelims), Phase II (Mains), and the Interview. Each phase is designed to assess specific competencies in candidates. Let’s dive into the detailed syllabus and key preparation strategies for each phase.

RBI Grade B Exam Pattern and Syllabus

Phase I: Preliminary Examination

Phase I is an objective-type test comprising four sections:

General Awareness (GA)

Current Affairs (last 6 months)

Banking and Financial Awareness

RBI and its Functions

Government Schemes and Policies

Economic News & Reports

Quantitative Aptitude

Data Interpretation

Simplification & Approximation

Time and Work

Profit and Loss

Speed, Distance and Time

Number Series

English Language

Reading Comprehension

Cloze Test

Error Spotting

Para Jumbles

Fill in the Blanks

Reasoning Ability

Puzzles and Seating Arrangement

Syllogism

Blood Relations

Input-Output

Coding-Decoding

Inequality

Note: Phase I is qualifying in nature, and marks are not added to the final merit list.

Phase II: Main Examination

Phase II includes three papers—two objective and one descriptive.

Paper I – Economic and Social Issues (ESI)

Growth and Development

Sustainable Development and Environmental Issues

Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation

Indian Economy and Globalization

Social Structure in India: Health, Education, Gender Issues

Paper II – English (Writing Skills)

Essay Writing

Precis Writing

Reading Comprehension

Paper III – Finance and Management (FM)

Financial System and Markets

Risk Management in Banking

Corporate Governance

Basics of Derivatives

Motivation and Leadership Theories

Human Resource Development

This phase is crucial as marks scored are counted in the final selection. Understanding current economic issues and recent financial developments is vital for Papers I and III.

Interview (Phase III)

Candidates who clear Phase II are called for an interview, which carries 75 marks. The interview panel assesses the candidate’s personality, communication skills, domain knowledge, and overall suitability for a career at RBI. Staying updated with current affairs, especially related to the economy and banking, is crucial at this stage.

Preparation Tips

Current Affairs: Read newspapers like The Hindu or Business Standard daily. Monthly magazines like Pratiyogita Darpan are also useful.

Mock Tests: Regularly practice full-length mock tests for Phase I and descriptive writing for Phase II.

NCERT & Standard Books: For ESI and FM, refer to NCERTs (Class 11-12 Economics), Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh, and Management by Robbins.

RBI Reports: Go through RBI’s official publications like the Annual Report and Monetary Policy to get insights into real-time policy decisions.

Conclusion

Cracking the RBI Grade B exam demands clarity of concepts, awareness of current affairs, and a strategic approach to preparation. With a well-structured study plan and an in-depth understanding of the syllabus, aspirants can significantly enhance their chances of selection. Remember, consistency and discipline are key. Start early, stay focused, and make use of the best resources available. The journey to becoming an RBI Grade B Officer is challenging but definitely rewarding.

[columbianenterprise]

Executive Summary

11/24/24

Columbian Enterprise is an internet and print publication that explores, promotes and celebrates entrepreneurship and creativity as means to overcome abjectness and corruption of human spirit. We seek to support fellow creators by highlighting and deriving meaning from their work. We are always curious as to how one overcomes limitation and what one draws from to be at the top of their game. In addition, we seek to facilitate innovation through input of original insight and by seeing what comes of collaborating between unique fields of knowledge. We're not here to stunt or be compared to anyone. We seek to learn from and be of service to companies that take work seriously. We seek to be at the forefront of mapping what it takes to attain making a huge positive impact on your community and the thought processes that keep that ball rolling - thereafter, transfiguring complex philosophies into well-defined, clear to follow stories for the learning attention and appreciation of our audience. We promise to hit on the hottest players in the business that put you onto your first wave of creativity. Remember the sneakerheads, scenesters, gearheads, fashionistas and gaming otaku, all saviors during a time of chaos - teenage running away from home, divorce, suicides, war... Music saved my life. Thus, we seek to revive and further these niches of creativity and bring their healing and community-building power to the mainstream. I challenge you to follow your highest excitement, as long as, it's not selfish. This publication is for every kid who looked up to me. I ran down world-class boxing, soccer and gastronomy and taught you in a patient, insightful, non-harmful way. I am yet pulling hard for you and seek to see you become the hardest hitting in the game. Cheers and thank you!

[airsllides]

airsLLide No. 6989: N301ME, McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, Midwest Express, Fort Lauderdale, March 21, 1992.

Midwest Express was formed in 1983 as a subsidiary of Kimberley-Clark Corporation to offer airline service in unserved markets out of Appleton and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It steadily grew to operate a nationwide network served from its Milwaukee base, thereby going against the trend of the booming low-cost-no-frills competitors.

Midwest Express not only stood out thanks to its eye-catching dark blue and gold livery, but it was also famous for its high service standards including wide all business class seating and full in-flight service, thus building a selected, but loyal customer base.

The attacks of September 11, 2001 however initiated a decline in demand and Midwest tried to counter it with a fundamental turn of the business modell, introducing a coach class section in the aircraft cabin and limiting or discontinuing the full in-flight service on short- to mid-distance flights. In 2003, an attempt was mede to renew the fleet of ageing DC-9s and MD-80s with 25 newly delivered Boeing 717s (actually the latest derivate of the DC-9-family, concepted as the MD-95 but rebranded after the Boeing-merger). That move couldn't curb the cost fast enough, and in 2008, Midwest was taken-over by Northwest Airlines who quickly sold it on to Republic Airways the following year, turning what remained of the former high-end transcontinental carrier - the last of its kind - into assets of a feeder partner serving the dominating major US airlines. Midwest operated the last flight under its own brand on November 2, 2009.

[9nid]

BASICS OF LIMITS Part-01 | LIMITS BEGINNER'S COURSE | FULL PREP FROM BASICS

[edusquaremaths]

Continuity in One Shot: All Concepts covered

Join us for an engaging one-shot lecture focused on the critical topics of limits and continuity in calculus. This video aims to clarify these concepts through detailed explanations and illustrative examples, making it accessible for learners at all levels. Enhance your understanding of how limits and continuity form the backbone of calculus and their significance in mathematical…

[qwschoolca]

Are You Looking  Grade 11 Maths Course  In Brampton

What kind of maths is in grade 11? Calculus concepts, like integrals, limits, derivatives, implicit and partial differentiation, and more. You would also have to complete separate assignments in geometry, functions, and algorithms. If you have to start your 11th class soon and fear it will be difficult, it is not like that. However, if you cannot help it and think you need assistance, you can take up the QW School grade 11 maths course. By expanding on your knowledge of linear and quadratic relations, its function course will introduce you to the mathematical idea of a function. To find out more, go to the website! https://www.qwschool.ca/grade-11/

[thinktosee]

On political leadership for or against the People

OPENER

“The biggest lie that we sold to the general public is a battle between Good and Evil. The battle is not between good and evil. It is between Evil and Evil. Between greater Evil and lesser Evil.” (1)

-From the 2019 award-winning Malayalam movie, Lucifer.

2. INTRODUCTION

Politics, the ancient art of power dynamics has, it seems, evolved the least among an elongated list of notable human endeavours. There are perhaps good reasons for this. Power in general, is wielded to achieve a political end. In theory, this includes the administration of the state in peacetime and war. The first to foster general prosperity and domestic tranquility, while the second to defend and assure national security through coercive or violent, including psychological, conflict against an implacable foe. In these prescribed scenarios, the political leadership is deemed to act in good faith and on behalf of the country. A Hobbesian bargain as this between the ruler and the ruled (2) holds true to the degree where the citizens, consisting of every imaginable socio-economic situation, are enabled to voluntarily, actively and equally participate directly or unencumbered, in the political and electoral process – as earnest candidates for political office, as voters, activists and or petitioners. This theoretical framework additionally encompasses the distinguishable responsibilities that citizens and ruler undertake. It makes for a functioning nation-state. History however, offers a vastly different and clearly disturbing narrative. 

Where there are deliberate and legal, constitutional or violent obstructions (misusing the courts, executive-legislative branches, and security-military apparatus) to open and attractive participation in the political process, with a view to constrict/restrict democracy and freedom, to wit, to disenfranchise the people whether fully or partially, including to limit the traditional role of the mass media to report and inform, it may then be assumed that “good faith” by the ruler has manifestly eroded. This further presupposes that a political class (3) has emerged to control, manage and perpetuate its kind through the levers of power which it now operates. In this instance, the social compact is invariably weighted to one end of the scale. This gives cause for latent mistrust of the government by the populace, and also forges a generally negative perception of politics in our modern era :  a formalized process to elect what the constricted, state-aligned mass media clamorously assert to be distinguished persons, from among a seemingly embedded, exclusive, privileged and usually unaccountable class of citizens. Extremism may possibly be descriptive of this curiously contorted system, as observed in the Soviet Union (1917-1991), China (1949 - ), pre-1945 National-Socialist Germany, and apartheid Rhodesia (1965-1980), to name a few. 

3. HOW DID WE GET HERE?

(i) FORM OF GOVERNMENT AND HISTORY

Power derives legitimacy from the set of laws/rules which governs it. The roots to modern government may be traced to the law-giving biblical Ten Commandments (4), Hammurabi’s Code (5), 12 Tables (6), ancient Athenian democracy (7), and in more applicable and relatively recent times, to the Magna Carta of 1215 AD (8). In the last example, the over-taxed nobles and the disendowed clergy conspired against the reigning monarch of England, forcibly imposing upon him a bill of rights, which partially curbed his otherwise absolute authority, yet also delineating the rights and power of the nobles and freemen. A permanent political class thereafter could be said to be formally established and which, together with the Westminster political system that gradually arrived on the scene not long after, became the foundation for the modern system of representative government, as we know it now. (9)(10)(11)

As an informative digression, the U.S. political system, although borne out of independence or liberty-driven revolution, may be said to be a derivative of the UK’s. There are certainly several points of departure, with an especial element being the President of the U.S. is elected by popular acclamation, directly and also through the electoral college process. (12) In the UK, and its current and former dominions, the chief or prime minister is elected by the members of the ruling political party or in the case of an alliance or coalition, by the partners. This applies also to Singapore, which historically was a British dominion and hence adopted its governing system, though amended in part to suit local requirements, while the Philippines aligned naturally to America’s on account that it was a former colony. It should also be noted that in the parliamentary system, the leader is not elected nationally. The authority or power he wields is substantial nevertheless.

The legal system and or constitutional means as referenced in the foregoing are designed to assure an abiding adherence to the national or public interest. The catch-phrase, “rule of law” is definitive of this democratic system. There are several examples however, where this admirable system was abused and the fair-minded process upended, to create an authoritarian or privileged class of rulers. Post-coup Indonesia (1965) and Chile (1973) are only two vivid examples. A plausible recent entrant to the list is that once rock-solid bastion of equality and liberty, the United States (refer to Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission which seems to have elevated the corporation’s interest over the public’s). (13)

(ii) POLITICAL PARTY AND THE HIJACKING OF THE NATIONAL INTEREST

“Organizations of any size, religious or not, reach a point where their concern for survival outweighs the principles upon which they were founded.” 

 - An old friend from America, dated Mar. 2024.

A perceivable instrument for the promotion of a democratic electoral process is the political party. Collins Dictionary defines it as “an organization of people who share the same views about the way power should be used in a country or society.” (14) Generally, the senior party members are career politicians - they are renumerated through the state’s budget (if they are in power and hold public office or are elected to the legislature), or through the party’s budget, resources or connections (where they are not in power and not holding any public function). 

Let us explore what is meant by Collins’ operative term, “share the same views.” This supposes a uniform set of values/agenda among the party members, that may or may not be reflective of the public’s. The key factor is that the party members’ political persuasion or outlook is fully aligned, offering a choice to the electorate from among a presumed list of choices. In summary, a political party operates as an exclusive society or corporation, marketing a fixed or biased platform that is loaded with a range of suggested policies to the voting public. In theory, the platform reflects the general values or ideology of the party members, be it conservative/liberal/socialist/communist, etc. In practice however, this may not be strictly the case :

“The main concern of an undemocratic political system is control, whereas in a pluralistic one, progress is the driving factor.”

- A former colleague who was born and raised in Hong Kong, Sep. 2024

Firstly, a political party serves the personal ambitions and ideological slants of its senior executives. These may divert or worse, misalign with the party grassroots and or the electorate. Hence, time and again, parties fail at the polls while others whose proposed agenda appears more broad-based or adaptive to the ever-changing political climate, are elected or remain in power. 

Secondly, common sense dictates that in an open political system, nothing is for sure, whereas in an undemocratic or autocratic and one-party system, the reverse applies. To assure durability, an undemocratic system elevates the party or in some situations, the autocrat over the nation. A foremost example is China, where the myth or if one prefers, the cult of Mao is such that he was and remains the embodiment of the nation, and if not for him, the country would not exist in its modern iteration. (Singapore is plodding toward this vision with a proposal to build and permanently emplace a costly Founders Memorial structure). (15) Within this context, the party remains committed to competing for general support, except this time, not against another contending political party, but rather against and affronting the common will. This is possible through the unscrupulous deployment of an overpowering state/party propaganda and domestic security machinery against the helpless citizens. The destruction of civil liberties and the rule of law, including the independence of the judiciary, in once-liberal Hong Kong in the last few years, offers an alarming glimpse into the operation of totalitarian and one-party systems. (16) Silence, has it seems, become an officially desirable art form in HK, as it is in China since 1949. And silence for the autocrat, means consent. 

Political parties play an important role in the democratic and political process of a country. They promote a set of common values and platforms, including press freedom and unimpeded access to political office through fair means. This genial belief system is in practice, counter-acted by the cynicism of autocratic and one-party regimes who are in most instances, undergirded by a pervasive atmosphere of fear which stifles dissent and critical thought. This in turn, drives and guarantees the regimes’ durability. 

Within this one-size-fits-all context, the party, for all intents and purposes representing an embedded and privileged class, has triumphed over the Common Will. The arterial link to the people then ceases to exist. Controlled general elections thereof becomes a self-serving exercise to affirming the undemocratic political process. Plurality of voices, a major value in democratic societies, is to the autocrat a vice and hence, should be vilified, limited or worse, criminalized in the name of national security. Once again, Hong Kong in recent times, offers a prime example. 

Sidenote :  it should also be stressed that in a few respectable democracies of the world currently, pluralism is increasingly under siege, mainly through official censorship. This once again presupposes that the censor or autocrat-to-be looks upon with disdain, the intellectual capacity of the masses and seeks to silence what is deemed to be extreme ideology or speech among them. It goes without saying that this action by the censor or autocrat is ironic since every totalitarian society known to us had prescribed similar snake-oil medication to address dissent and to foment officially-sanctioned uniformity among the people.

4. Conclusion

The two major elements of social and political legitimacy in the expression of power – the legal/constitutional system, and its subset, the political/electoral process, are critical towards the formalized system of government to the extent they assure a fully-functioning democratic state. Where these elements are willfully abused through self-serving changes to the form, structure, and to the enforcement of the laws, leading to a misalignment of the drivers of the state apparatus to the national interest, it may be said then that government is no longer of the people but of a privileged few instead. U.S. independence leader and first President, George Washington (1732-1799) warned of this in his farewell address to the Nation :

“They serve to organize faction; to give it an artificial and extraordinary force; to put in the place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community…” (17)

Sources/References

1. https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Lucifer-Tamil/0JXMDYYYTFZLORFDB7TXW6YEPP

2. https://iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/

3. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-01535-4_11 (Definition)

4. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ten-Commandments

5. https://www.ushistory.org/civ/4c.asp

6. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/twelve_tables.asp

7. https://www.stoa.org/demos/article_democracy_overview@page=all&greekEncoding=UnicodeC.html

8. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/magna-carta/british-library-magna-carta-1215-runnymede/

9. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/

10. https://parliament.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/379278/Year-7-The-Westminster-System.pdf

11. https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/history-of-parliament/history-milestones/a-short-history-of-parliament

12 https://www.usa.gov/election

13. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/citizens-united-explained

14. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/political-party

15. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/founders-memorial-gardens-bay-east-development-cost-million-edwin-tong-4596241

16. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/section/hongkong-security/

17. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/Washingtons_Farewell_Address.pdf  (p11)

[class11maths]

Explore Complex Numbers: Video Tutorials on MathYug for Class 11 Maths

In the realm of Class 11 Mathematics, complex numbers often stand out as a topic that both intrigues and challenges students. With its unique algebraic and geometric properties, mastering complex numbers not only enhances mathematical prowess but also lays a solid foundation for future studies in calculus, physics, and engineering. To aid in this journey of understanding, Ashish Kumar, through MathYug, offers an invaluable resource: video tutorials, comprehensive PDF notes, and challenging assignments designed to illuminate the intricacies of complex numbers.

Video Tutorials: Visual Learning at Its Best

Ashish Kumar’s video tutorials on complex numbers are a beacon for students seeking clarity and deeper understanding. These tutorials are meticulously crafted to simplify complex concepts, using intuitive explanations and step-by-step breakdowns of problems. Whether you’re grappling with the basics of imaginary numbers or diving into the geometric interpretation of complex plane operations, Ashish Kumar’s approach ensures that every student can grasp the material at their own pace.

The benefits of video tutorials extend beyond mere explanation. They provide a dynamic learning experience where students can rewind, pause, and revisit explanations until they achieve mastery. Visual learners find these tutorials particularly effective as they can see concepts unfold in real-time, aiding in retention and comprehension.

To give you a glimpse into the comprehensive learning experience offered by MathYug, we’ve included a sample video tutorial on complex numbers by Ashish Kumar. This video exemplifies Ashish Kumar’s pedagogical approach, combining clarity with depth to unravel the intricacies of complex numbers. From foundational concepts to practical applications, Ashish Kumar adeptly guides viewers through each step, ensuring a thorough understanding. Whether you’re new to complex numbers or looking to reinforce your knowledge, this sample video provides a valuable insight into the quality of education available on MathYug.

Comprehensive PDF Notes: Your Go-To Study Companion

Accompanying the video tutorials are comprehensive PDF notes, meticulously prepared to encapsulate every aspect of complex numbers covered in the tutorials. These notes serve as a handy reference, allowing students to reinforce their understanding of key concepts and formulas outside of the video lessons.

Ashish Kumar’s PDF notes are structured to align with the video tutorials, ensuring a seamless learning experience. They include detailed derivations, solved examples, and practical tips for tackling complex number problems. Whether preparing for exams or aiming to deepen conceptual understanding, these notes provide a structured framework that consolidates learning and promotes academic success.

Challenging Assignments: Testing Your Limits

Understanding complex numbers isn’t just about passive learning — it’s about active engagement and application. Ashish Kumar’s challenging assignments for complex numbers are designed to push students beyond their comfort zones, encouraging them to apply theoretical knowledge to solve complex problems.

These assignments cover a spectrum of difficulty levels, from foundational exercises to advanced problems that stimulate critical thinking. By grappling with these assignments, students not only reinforce their understanding but also develop problem-solving skills essential for academic and real-world challenges.

Why Choose MathYug?

MathYug, under the guidance of Ashish Kumar, stands out as a beacon of quality education in the digital era. With a commitment to clarity, depth, and accessibility, MathYug’s resources on complex numbers empower students to excel in their mathematical journey. Whether you’re struggling to grasp the basics or aiming for mastery, MathYug’s comprehensive approach ensures that every student finds the support they need to succeed.

Empowering Students Through Knowledge

In conclusion, Ashish Kumar’s video tutorials, complemented by comprehensive PDF notes and challenging assignments on MathYug, offer a transformative learning experience for students tackling complex numbers in Class 11 Mathematics. By leveraging these resources, students not only gain mastery over complex concepts but also cultivate a deeper appreciation for the beauty and utility of mathematics in everyday life.

If you’re ready to embark on a journey of mathematical discovery and excellence, MathYug is your gateway to success. Explore the world of complex numbers with Ashish Kumar and pave the way for a future rich in mathematical understanding and academic achievement.

Remember, the power to master complex numbers lies within your grasp — unlock it with Ashish Kumar and MathYug today!

[tanya382sharma]

5 Toughest and Easiest Chapters in Class 11 Maths

Find the most challenging and straightforward chapters in NCERT Class 11 Maths. Limits, Derivatives, and Complex Numbers top the toughest list, while Sets, Relations, and Straight Lines are the easiest. Prepare effectively with this insightful guide.