#misfolded protein

[kylejsugarman]

i thiink walter white would contract prion disease out of spite

i think it would be cool if walter white died of creutzfeldt-jakobs, yeah. if the fates won't punish him for his misdeeds, then the chaperone proteins in his brain will.

[shameboree]

“ive never had a hyperfixation ever in my life” i say having been neurotically obsessed w prions and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies since i was actually for real 6 years old. i think about protein misfolding once a day at MINIMUM. blorbos come and go but prions are Literally forever

[kissingwookiees]

some people just dont want to talk in depth about prion diseases... smh...

[dutyworn]

when you actually read planet descriptions before scanning, the games become a lot more hilarious. depleting a colonised planet? check. carelessly mining a planet that's suspected to be the origin of a MOTHERFUCKING PRION DISEASE? chekc,

[pathologising]

dear angel would you please tell me about your favorite prion disease? Im putting together an overview lecture on viruses for my students and would like to have one slide on prions. my goal is to give them something quick but hopefully interesting and since you have prionpinions, i think your input would be valuable :)

DEFINITELY LOOK INTO IATROGENIC PRION DISEASE!!!!! specifically human growth hormone related iatrogenic prion disease.

ICJD/aCJD is Cruetzfeldt Jakob disease that comes from improperly purified equipment basically. A researcher recently died of aCJD. She pricked her finger with a scalpel used while working on prions a decade or so ago!!!! In the case of human growth hormone, specific hGH used to be derived from cadavers (they no longer do this for various reasons including prion disease) and the transplanted growth hormones had prions in them!!!!!! So a sect of people woth human growth hormone deficiency who received cadaveric based hGh treatment are at risk for developing prion disease. The craziest part is that, because prions have a very long latency period, we are only now starting to see them develop CJD !!!! Decades later!! Prions can be latent for up to 50+ years. Really fun stuff to read about!

Make sure u also let them know how cool prions are because they're not viruses even though they act like them! That distinction is super important, they're some weird little proteins.

[butch-errant]

I wish I was a cougar or some other type of big cat. I wanna go scream outside ppls windows at night and eat deers without needing to worry about cwd

[megumi-fm]

every once in a while I remember that RT-QUIC is an actual diagnostic concept with good reproducibility that is somehow stuck in the same stage of research for years now and I go insane about it

[omarfor-orchestra]

Learned a cool thing about proteins last week and it concerned cannibalism and I was like oh would Hannibal get mad cow disease too

[pixelmesh-studio]

Was für eine Spannende Information – Proteinfehlfaltung

[nourishandthrive501]

Protein: The Nutritional Powerhouse Shaping Your Health

Introduction Protein. The word conjures images of bulging biceps and gym rats, but its role in our lives extends far beyond sculpted physiques. This essential macronutrient is the building block of every cell in our body, the engine of countless biological processes, and the key to a healthy and vibrant life. But navigating the world of protein in the context of nutrition can be confusing. Fear…

[allinhalf-store-blog]

Protein: The Nutritional Powerhouse Shaping Your Health

Introduction Protein. The word conjures images of bulging biceps and gym rats, but its role in our lives extends far beyond sculpted physiques. This essential macronutrient is the building block of every cell in our body, the engine of countless biological processes, and the key to a healthy and vibrant life. But navigating the world of protein in the context of nutrition can be confusing. Fear…

[gratisdiamanten]

Catholic relic Charles anon come back I need to talk about this more

[medicomunicare]

Il diabete della senilità MODY3: alla ricerca delle anomalie cellulari per salvare le cellule del pancreas

Il diabete della senilità MODY3: alla ricerca delle anomalie cellulari per salvare le cellule del pancreas

Per curare al meglio i pazienti con diabete è necessario comprendere il meccanismo della malattia. Il diabete ad insorgenza della maturità dei giovani (MODY) è una rara forma di diabete monogenetico (causata dall’ereditarietà di una singola mutazione genetica) che rappresenta l’1-2% dei casi di diabete. MODY tipo 3 (MODY3) è una forma ereditaria monogenica di diabete, cioè causata da un difetto…

[hellsite-proteins]

i have only made a few structures for this account so far, but i'm quickly realizing that none of these text posts really look like anything. so, here are a few of my favourite real proteins for your enjoyment!

Sonic Hedgehog

this is probably one of the most famous examples of a protein with a pop culture name. it was first discovered in fruit flies, but also exists in humans and is important in embryonic development. because of its relevance to serious health conditions, the name has been highly criticized

structure:

ATP Synthase

we all know that the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, but that doesn't fully take into account how cool it is! ATP is the 'energy currency' of the cell, and is synthesized using a proton gradient and this awesome motor of a protein. the best way to understand it is by watching animations like this video.

structure:

BiP

this is a chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, which basically means it binds to proteins as they are synthesized and translocated into the ER lumen, allowing them to slowly fold into the correct shape. chaperones in general are really neat, but this one has the bonus of sounding cool, and gets bonus points for being inside the endomembrane system instead of just out in the cytosol.

structure:

GFP

this fluorescent protein was originally found in jellyfish, but exists in other animals as well, and gives off green fluorescence when exposed to UV light. it is commonly used in research to tag and visualize things, and E. coli cells expressing GFP are visibly green when grown on a plate (I've worked with them and they look very cool!) this protein has a beta barrel, and the parts around it have been modified to create new versions with different colours

structure:

Prion protein

the prion protein is naturally expressed, but its function is unknown. however, it is best known due to prion disease, which is caused by misfolded versions of the protein that spread destruction like an infectious agent as they cause nearby healthy proteins to become misfolded. this causes conditions including chronic wasting disease in deer, mad cow disease in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. prions constantly change their structure unless they are bound to something else, which forms a very stable structure. this then continues to bind other proteins, eventually forming an aggregate that damages tissue.

structure:

all of these structures were downloaded from pdb and the structures are linked

[wheelie-sick]

Nervous System Effects of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

AKA I spent hours suffering trying to find all this information and I want you to not have to do that!

Cerebrovascular

1. Stroke

"...studies have shown that stroke occurs more frequently in people with SLE than in the general population, with ischemic stroke developing in up to 20% of lupus patients..." link

2. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

"CSVD is an umbrella term for a variety of conditions resulting from damage to small blood vessels in the brain. In most cases, CSVD is caused by the narrowing or obstruction of small blood vessels in the brain due to inflammation and/or a buildup of misfolded proteins called plaques. This chronic damage can starve brain cells of oxygen and cause internal bleeding, which in turn can damage other nearby brain cells." link

Diagnosed via a brain MRI to look for bleeding of the small blood vessels, damage to white matter, and small strokes - link

Occasionally is confused for Multiple Sclerosis - link

"Quantified MRI brain studies of individuals with lupus show significantly accelerated cerebral SVD, suggesting that this is the most frequently observed radiological–pathological brain abnormality in lupus...." link

CSVD is a large cause of dementia in the general population but the significance of these findings in SLE patients is unknown - link

Central Nervous System

1. Transverse Myelitis

"Transverse myelitis is a neurological condition that happens when both sides of the same section of the spinal cord become inflamed. This inflammation can damage myelin, the fatty substance that covers your nerves. Loss of myelin often leads to spinal cord scarring that blocks nerve impulses and results in physical problems." link

Symptoms can develop quickly or over the span of several weeks. Symptoms include back pain, neck pain, paresthesia, loss of bowel and/or bladder control, and heightened sensitivity to touch - link

Diagnosed via CT, MRI, or myelography - link

Differential diagnosis of comorbid Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder - link

Transverse myelitis occurs in approximately 1% of lupus patients - link

2. Autoimmune Aseptic Meningitis

"...an inflammatory condition affecting the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord..." - link

"Given that many individuals with lupus are immunosuppressed, a critical differential diagnosis is one of infectious meningitis caused by typical or opportunistic pathogens." - link

May cause nausea, fever, and neck stiffness among other symptoms - link

Diagnosed with a lumbar puncture and/or CT in part to rule out other causes of symptoms - link

3. Chorea

Chorea is a movement disorder causing involuntary, irregular, and unpredictable muscle movements. It affects arms, legs, and facial muscles - link

4. Parkinsonism

Causes slowed movements, tremor, and stiffness - link

Not the same as Parkinson's Disease!

A rare effect of lupus - link

Diagnosed based on brain MRI, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and response to treatment - link

5. Myoclonus

"Myoclonus is an uncontrollable muscle movement that’s sudden and brief. " link

6. Demyelinating Syndrome

"An association between lupus and MS-like brain changes have been suggested, and sometimes termed “lupoid sclerosis”" link

3.7% of patients have a demyelinating syndrome (though not all have primary SLE demyelination) - link

Demyelinating syndrome may cause vision loss, muscle weakness, muscle stiffness and spasms, loss of coordination, change in sensation, walking problems, and changes in bladder and bowel function - link

7. Lupus headache

"Headache is a highly prevalent disorder in people with SLE, but there is no convincing evidence that this incidence is higher than that seen in the general population. Thus the entity of “lupus headache” is controversial." link

One of the main characteristics of lupus headaches is that they are not remedied by pain medication. lupus headaches require treatment with steroids or immunosuppressants to resolve -- "severe, persistent headache; may be migrainous, but must be nonresponsive to narcotic analgesia" link

8. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurologic disorder in which a person presents with visual disturbance, seizure, headaches, and altered mentation" - source

"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been increasingly identified in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)" - source

8. Seizures

"prevalence of explicit episodes of seizures among SLE patients, varies from 2 to 8%." - link

"SLE patients with recurrent seizures usually have abnormal findings on EEG, consistent with focal aware events, epilepsy with impaired awareness and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic epilepsy, as demonstrated by Appenzeller and colleagues who found that 9.7 % of patients with single epileptic seizure had abnormal EEG findings, compared to 100 % abnormal EEG findings, commonly on temporal lobe, in patients with recurrent seizures" - link

Peripheral Nervous System

1. Cranial Nerve Disorder

"Cranial nerve disorder refers to an impairment of one of the twelve cranial nerves that emerge from the underside of the brain, pass through openings in the skull, and lead to parts of the head, neck, and trunk. These disorders can cause pain, tingling, numbness, weakness, or paralysis of the face including the eyes." - source

"Cranial nerve involvement is also relatively uncommon and usually transient, occurring in 10% of patients with SLE." - source

2. Peripheral Neuropathy

"Peripheral neuropathy happens when the nerves that are located outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves) are damaged. This condition often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It also can affect other areas and body functions including digestion and urination." - source

"Peripheral neuropathy occurs in as many as 18% of patients with SLE" - source

Ocular

1. Optic Neuritis

"The optic nerve itself can sometimes be inflamed in lupus, or it can be affected when the blood vessels supplying the nerve are themselves inflamed (that is, ischemic optic neuropathy). This can lead to a change in vision, or even vision loss." - source

"Optic neuritis is an uncommon neurologic manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and can be seen in about 1% of lupus patients" - source

"Optic neuritis usually affects one eye. Symptoms might include: Pain, vision loss in one eye, visual field loss, loss of color vision, and flashing lights." - source

Autonomic Nervous System

1. Autonomic Neuropathy

"Autonomic neuropathy occurs when there is damage to the nerves that control automatic body functions. It can affect blood pressure, temperature control, digestion, bladder function and even sexual function." - source

"Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is highly prevalent in SLE patients (up to 54%)" - source

Psychiatric

1. Lupus psychosis

" Psychosis is a serious mental disorder featuring defective thought processes, frequently with delusions or hallucinations." - link

Psychosis is one of the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus

"Differentiation of steroid-induced psychosis from lupus-associated psychosis is particularly challenging" - link