#not every single deduction was a formatting issue

[0ssianic]

I had the most awkward feedback session today and it did shake me up a bit. I hate confrontation

[gkkediaajeet]

Company Incorporation in India

India, with its thriving economy and vast market potential, presents an attractive destination for business ventures. Company Incorporation in India offers numerous benefits, including access to a large customer base, favorable government policies, and a robust legal framework. This comprehensive guide aims to provide a detailed overview of the process of company incorporation in India, highlighting the necessary steps, legal requirements, and advantages.

Types of Business Entities in India

Before delving into the incorporation process, it is crucial to understand the various types of business entities available in India. These include:

1. Private Limited Company (Pvt. Ltd.)

A Private Limited Company is one of the most popular business structures in India. It limits the liability of its shareholders and restricts the transfer of shares. This type of entity is ideal for small to medium-sized businesses and startups.

2. Public Limited Company (PLC)

A Public Limited Company is suitable for larger businesses with a significant capital base. It allows the company to raise funds from the public through the issuance of shares. Public companies are subject to stringent regulatory requirements.

3. Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

An LLP combines the benefits of a partnership and a company. It offers limited liability protection to its partners and is preferred by professionals and small businesses due to its flexibility and ease of management.

4. One Person Company (OPC)

An OPC is a relatively new concept in India, designed for individual entrepreneurs. It allows a single person to own and manage the company, providing limited liability protection.

5. Sole Proprietorship

A Sole Proprietorship is the simplest form of business entity, owned and managed by a single individual. While it offers complete control, it does not provide limited liability protection.

Steps to Incorporate a Company in India

Company Incorporation in India involves several steps, each requiring meticulous attention to detail. Here is a step-by-step guide to the process:

1. Obtain Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)

The first step in the incorporation process is obtaining a Digital Signature Certificate (DSC). This certificate is necessary for signing electronic documents and filing them with the Registrar of Companies (ROC).

2. Acquire Director Identification Number (DIN)

Every director of the company must obtain a Director Identification Number (DIN). This unique identification number is issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) and is essential for company registration.

3. Name Reservation

Choosing a unique and appropriate name for the company is a critical step. The proposed name must be reserved with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). It is advisable to conduct a name search to ensure the desired name is available and does not infringe on any existing trademarks.

4. Prepare and File Incorporation Documents

The following documents must be prepared and filed with the ROC:

Memorandum of Association (MOA): This document outlines the company's objectives and scope of activities.

Articles of Association (AOA): This document defines the company's internal rules and regulations.

Form INC-32 (SPICe): This is a simplified proforma for incorporating a company electronically.

5. Payment of Fees

The applicable registration fees must be paid to the ROC. The fee amount varies based on the authorized capital of the company.

6. Certificate of Incorporation

Upon successful verification of the submitted documents, the ROC will issue a Certificate of Incorporation. This certificate serves as conclusive evidence of the company's existence and marks the official formation of the company.

Post-Incorporation Compliance

After incorporation, the company must adhere to various post-incorporation compliance requirements, including:

1. PAN and TAN Application

The company must apply for a Permanent Account Number (PAN) and a Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number (TAN) from the Income Tax Department. These numbers are essential for tax-related transactions.

2. Bank Account Opening

Opening a corporate bank account is a crucial step for managing the company's financial transactions. The company must provide the Certificate of Incorporation, PAN, and other relevant documents to the bank.

3. GST Registration

If the company's turnover exceeds the specified threshold, it must register for the Goods and Services Tax (GST). GST registration is mandatory for businesses engaged in the supply of goods and services.

4. Compliance with Labor Laws

The company must comply with various labor laws, including the Employees' Provident Fund (EPF) and Employees' State Insurance (ESI) regulations. Registration with these authorities is required if the company meets the eligibility criteria.

5. Annual Filings

Every company is required to file annual returns and financial statements with the ROC. These filings must be done within the specified timelines to avoid penalties and maintain compliance.

Advantages of Incorporating a Company in India

Company Incorporation in India offers several advantages, making it a favorable destination for businesses:

1. Limited Liability Protection

One of the primary benefits of incorporating a company is limited liability protection. Shareholders' personal assets are safeguarded, and their liability is limited to the extent of their shareholding.

2. Access to Funding

Incorporated companies have better access to funding from banks, financial institutions, and investors. The ability to issue shares and debentures provides a means to raise capital for business expansion.

3. Perpetual Succession

A company enjoys perpetual succession, meaning its existence is not affected by changes in ownership or the death of shareholders. This ensures business continuity and stability.

4. Brand Credibility and Recognition

Incorporation enhances the company's credibility and brand recognition. It instills confidence in customers, suppliers, and investors, fostering business growth and expansion.

5. Tax Benefits

Incorporated companies can avail various tax benefits and exemptions provided by the government. These incentives encourage business activities and contribute to overall profitability.

ConclusionCompany Incorporation in India is a strategic move that can unlock numerous opportunities for growth and success. By understanding the types of business entities, following the incorporation process diligently, and adhering to post-incorporation compliance, businesses can establish a strong foundation in the Indian market. The advantages of limited liability protection, access to funding, perpetual succession, brand credibility, and tax benefits make India an attractive destination for entrepreneurs and investors.

[englishwiseae]

Beware of These 10 Common IELTS Listening Mistakes

Are you preparing to take the IELTS exam? If so, focus a bit more on the listening section. It overwhelms a lot of candidates, pushing them to make mistakes. More importantly, even the repeat test-takes overlook to correct these mistakes. Do not do that! It can cost you precious points, ruining your plans to study or work abroad.

So, what are these mistakes, and how can you correct them? Here’s an article that will give you insights into the same. When these top 10 common IELTS Listening mistakes are rectified, they can give you much mileage in achieving your desired score. Educate yourself, join reputed online IELTS coaching in Dubai, and get closer to your goals.

1. Inattentive Listening

Picture yourself in the midst of the IELTS listening assessment, surrounded by silence save for the audio emanating through your headphones. Suddenly, your mind wanders, and you lose track of the recording. Minutes pass before you snap back, realising you've missed crucial information.

This common occurrence can be detrimental to your score. To evade this pitfall, cultivate active listening skills. Zone out distractions, focus on key phrases and refine your concentration through consistent practice sessions.

2. Ignoring Instructions

How often do we glance over instructions only to realise later that we've overlooked a critical detail? It's imperative to meticulously adhere to directions during the IELTS Listening examination to avert costly mistakes. Every task, word limit, and formatting guideline serves a purpose, and disregarding them could lead to point deductions.

Hence, it's essential to practice reading and comprehending instructions attentively prior to commencing the listening segment. Pay close attention to task requirements and any specific directives provided. By diligently following instructions during preparation, you'll enhance your readiness for the test.

3. Disregarding Predictive Abilities

One of the gravest mistakes is attempting to anticipate answers before fully comprehending the material.

Concentrating on a predetermined response while listening to the passage can lead to overlooking the correct answer. It’s crucial to maintain an open mindset and allow the audio to guide your decision-making process.

Ideally, you aim to comprehend the audio and questions presented without bias towards specific answers. Let the audio guide you towards the appropriate response.

4. Spelling Mistakes

In the IELTS Listening examination, accuracy is of utmost importance. Any misspelt word, whether common or a proper noun such as place or city names, risks marking your answer incorrect. Even minor grammatical errors can impact your score. It’s vital to address these common pitfalls to mitigate this issue.

Additionally, engage with a variety of English materials like novels, newspapers, and podcasts. These resources expose you to correct language usage and improve your grasp of sentence structure. Attention to detail is crucial; a single letter can determine success or a lost mark.

5. Ineffective Use of Transfer Time

During transitions between sections or questions in the IELTS Listening test, a brief period is allotted for transfer time. Regrettably, many test-takers overlook this opportunity, wasting it instead of reviewing their answers. This oversight can lead to missed chances for rectifying mistakes and lower scores.

However, utilise this time judiciously to review your answers and make any necessary adjustments. Avoid the urge to rush through this period; instead, focus on ensuring the accuracy of your responses. By utilising transfer time effectively, you can enhance your confidence and optimise your score on the IELTS Listening test.

7. Leaving Blank Spaces

If you are in any online IELTS coaching in Dubai, your instructor will also advise you against leaving empty spaces on their answer sheets. Why?

Firstly, there is no penalty for incorrect answers, meaning there's no negative marking. Therefore, it's advantageous to make an educated guess.

Secondly, leaving a blank space might result in the correct answer being written in the wrong place, leading to point deductions.

There's a possibility that your guess is correct, earning you points for that answer.

Hence, it's preferable to make an educated guess rather than leaving a blank space.

8. Not Using the Time Given to Transfer Answers

Remember, you are provided with an additional 10 minutes to transfer answers from the question paper to the answer sheet. Therefore, every experienced online IELTS coaching in Dubai advises to utilise these 10 minutes effectively.

Students often attempt to transfer their answers while simultaneously listening to the audio. Since the audio is played only once in the IELTS listening test, it's recommended to avoid distractions from the audio and focus solely on transferring answers after the audio has concluded. In summary, refrain from reading, listening, and writing simultaneously.

9. Selecting Without Listening to Entire Passage

Upon hearing the audio, you may feel confident in knowing the correct answer without listening to the entire passage, promptly marking it as correct. However, take a pause; it could be a distractor, or perhaps the complete passage offers a more precise answer to the question. Therefore, the optimal advice is to listen to the entire audio before providing an answer.

10. Unfamiliarity with Various Question Formats

You may encounter challenges in providing the correct answers for specific question types, such as those involving reading maps. If you lack familiarity with these question types, achieving your desired score can be challenging. The optimal solution is to practice listening exercises extensively in your online IELTS coaching in Dubai and acquire the skills necessary to address each question type effectively.

Final Word:

Mastering the IELTS Listening test requires diligence, focus, and familiarity with common pitfalls. By avoiding errors like the ones listed above, you can enhance your performance and achieve your desired scores. For more guidance, contact English Wise—a reputable institute for online IELTS coaching in Dubai. Not only IELTS, but they also guide you through various other competitive paths, such as PTE and OET exams online.

So, book a consultation with their IELTS experts and share your concerns. Good luck! 

[hbssolutionsind]

What does Tally mean? Know Everything About Tally

When it comes to the money matters of a company, Tally Accounting is a valuable piece of software. Its primary function is to keep track of the company's day-to-day transactions. The word "tally," which means to tally up or maintain a tally, is where the business solution gets its name. The most up-to-date versions of the programme are Tally Prime (issued in November 2020) and Tally ERP 9 (published in 2009). This version is a single, well-regarded financial accounting and inventory management computer programme.

Automatic Electronic Billing After One-Time Configuration

E Invoicing In Tally Prime feature makes creating electronic invoices for your company as simple as creating paper ones. Electronic invoicing is similarly simple to implement. Set up your e-invoicing profile in IRP and activate it in TallyPrime to begin sending and receiving electronic invoices.

What do you learn in Tally?

The Tally is a computer-based accounting course covering topics from basics to more advanced techniques. Please provide information on issues such as Accounting Fundamentals, Account Maintenance, Creating Inventory, Accounting Vouchers, Accounting of Bills, Budget and Control, Security and Control, Tally Audit, Backup and Restore, Interest Calculation, Tally to Excel, JPEG, PDF, Check Printing, Company Splitting, Income and Expense Statements, Multiple Addresses, Bill Statements, GST Services, and so on in the Tally course. Hopefully, you've absorbed everything you needed about the Tally Computer Course.

Tally has many advantages.

Are you curious about the length of the Tally Price course? If not, please let us know; a Tally computer course can be completed in as little as three to four months. While financial constraints may prevent you from pursuing other educational opportunities, you would benefit greatly from enrolling in one of the many accredited computers training programmes. It can be done quickly and cheaply. And a career in accounting offers promising prospects.

Accounting has become increasingly helpful in every industry due to the requirement for an accountant to oversee financial transactions at all levels of business, from sole proprietorships to multinational conglomerates, from government agencies to non-profits. Learning Tally can help you get a job as an accountant in a bank or a business.

The Value of Tally

Tally Features can be summarised as follows:

Cooperative technology:

Tally's use of technologies, including HTTP protocol support, SMTP, HTTPS, and SMTP, facilitates collaboration. In addition, it has PKI-enablement, synchronisation, and exporting based on rules so that you may forge electronic signatures.

The E-Tally:

Businesses can save time and money by using Tally by encouraging employees to share data. It facilitates communication between several parties, including clients, lenders, and upper management.

The XML Tally:

Information can be shared between tally users and others who don't use Tally with the help of this software. To do this, it uses the XML format. It also makes it easier to share information internationally.

Technology:

It utilises a dynamic compression mechanism to reduce data size.

Conclusion

Tally is an accounting programme that helps keep track of money for businesses. Barcode integration, email management, inventory control, value-added tax (VAT) and goods and services tax (GST) reports, tax deductions and contributions (TDS/TCS), and more are just some of the features of this accounting Download Tally Software.

[bitcoinbuyerapp]

Bitcoin Buyer Signup

In the wake of opening the record, you can put aside your underlying installment. The product acknowledges a base store of $250. Store the sum you need to contribute and choose yor favored strategy for installment. Stage 3: Start exchanging You would now be able to begin exchanging subsequent to getting to the dashboard, exchange, and pull out your rewards. Bitcoin Buyer is ideal for novices and experts. The product permits you to make a free demo account that gives you a virtual surplus of $1500 to figure out how it functions.

  Would it be a good idea for you to put resources into Bitcoin Buyer?

Bitcoin Buyer  Signup has a high achievement rate when contrasted with other crypto exchanging bots. The product has a 88% achievement rate. Everybody is attempting to exchange utilizing this stage don't be forgotten about. Bitcoin Buyer needn't bother with you to have related knowledge; you can get familiar with the exchanging strategies by opening a free demo account. The product is ideal for everybody, and it is additionally adaptable to use in any program.

Bitcoin Buyer  Signup includes mechanized exchanging, and it is dependable after the calculation it is planned with. In the event that the promoting moving changes course, you may make a misfortune. The product doesn't have a versatile application, yet all things being equal, you can discover it utilizing any program in any web empowered gadget. You can pull out your triumphant any time to be careful from misfortunes. Wrap UpMany Bitcoin Buyers are trying to make benefits through the Bitcoin Buyer. You can likewise be important for the group and contribute with no dread of misrepresentation or information spillage. The product is robotized, and it has a high possibility of making benefits.

Benefits of the Bitcoin Buyer App

Bitcoin Buyer is a digital currency exchanging framework. The exchanging robot works with various digital forms of money accessible on the lookout. Here are only a couple of those benefits: Encryption Bitcoin Buyer is protected and dependable. The product is securely scrambled, and the data of clients is kept up in the Bitcoin Buyer framework. No Experience is required.

You needn't bother with experience in working the Bitcoin Buyerprogramming. The product is intended to serve the exchanging needs of novices and experienced dealers. Amateurs can utilize the demo highlight to learn prior to contributing. No Monitoring Bitcoin Buyer programming needn't bother with you to screen its tasks continually. The product can exchange for your benefit when the signs are best for making benefits.

The element that permits stores to be made into a record before the start of a live exchange meeting. Through a basic snap, the interaction is finished, on the whole, a most favored online installment stage is chosen, and the sum that is needed ought to be entered.

Payout Option The element that shows the payout choice. The shrewd component has been modified to begin working promptly; the live exchange reaches a conclusion. The commission is at first deducted from the benefit procured, and the payout esteem is then demonstrated.

Quick pulling out The element that empowers the way toward pulling out. This is the most agreeable element to be utilized. A sign of the sum that you need to pull out is made, at that point through a single tick, the cycle gets approved. A warning is sent through your email with a code that is pointed toward affirming that the record proprietor is the one attempting to make a withdrawal. When the code is affirmed, an endorsement of the withdrawal of the benefit is made. A modified exchanging alternative. This is a particular element contrasted with other crypto bots that are restricted to just programmed exchanging. The Bitcoin Buyer review  mits you to change the settings to be adaptable as per your prerequisites.

MAKE TONS OF MONEY WITH Bitcoin BuyerAPP The no enlistment charge include permits any person to enroll and begin exchanging with no expense. There have been a ton of misinterpretations that to join the stage, a specific measure of cash will be required. Notwithstanding, the stage will keep 1% of the client's benefit, which is an insignificant sum and truly 

Expanded in the quantity of income day by day. Every one of the exchanges that are made utilizing the stage return benefits. Subsequently, a great deal of certainty is ingrained in a financial backer and can cause more ventures and procure all the more every day.   Exchanges are gotten. They are a great deal of defensive estimates that have been set up to forestall digital wrongdoings from happening. Through this, financial backers get insurance from losing their assets from their well deserved cash, and subsequently more individuals are pulled in to join. Auto WithdrawalsWithdrawals are made quicker. Numerous financial backers will in general favor making withdrawals quickly their benefits acquired through its quick withdrawal highlight, which measures the solicitations and finishes them inside 24hours. A great deal of financial backers can favor utilizing it contrasted with other mechanized exchanging stages.

Has an online client care framework that offers support. Tests have been made concerning the framework, and it has demonstrated to be extremely productive and solid to all financial backers. Likewise, financial backers get an opportunity to pose inquiries while contributing, and they get replied. Through this, the financial backer will see more about the stage and can prescribe others to join and make more ventures.

The initial step is making a record and guaranteeing that it is enrolled. During the formation of a couple of prerequisites, for example, the record name, a functioning email address, a substantial telephone number of the individual, and a secret word which must be effectively recalled by the record proprietor however difficult to be acknowledged by an outside. The enlistment interaction is fast and just requires a couple of moments. The data is submitted, and if substantial, it is confirmed, and an email will be sent that will show the record has been enrolled. Thusly, on the off chance that no email reaction is gotten, the report won't have been enrolled.

Furthermore, a store ought to be utilized the predetermined online installment stage. The base store is just $250, while the greatest is $25,000, which is a serious normal reach, and the low least sum is utilized to urge more individuals to contribute since it is very moderate by anybody. Subsequent to finishing the store, you can start the exchanging cycle. There are no necessities to enjoy the exchanging interaction after enrollment; thus, anyone can exchange however much they need as long as you have a cell phone, and it has a decent organization association. In this way, anyone who needs to distinguish an easy revenue can put resources into Bitcoin.

Because of the rising increment on online speculations which are turning into a typical pattern any individual who needs to participate in a legitimate robotized stage that has a great deal of benefits and has security estimates that manages the issue of con artists at that point joining Bitcoin Buyer ought to be something they significantly consider to do.

There have been a ton of perceptions made to the exchanging framework and utilitarian cycles found on the site. In spite of the fact that they may be chances caused, the computerized exchanging framework brings down the odds of any dangers that may emerge. The Bitcoin Buyerhas a high pace of the consummation of exchanges, and through this, less dangers can be found. This shows why numerous financial backers have picked to utilize the stage.

MAKE PROFITS WITH Bitcoin Buyer

A great deal of requests have been made on whether there is a chance of exchanging resources with influence, and this is a lot of conceivable. Since exchanging is done through theory on what value the bitcoin can be as opposed to the utilization of genuine bitcoins in exchanging, admittance to a bitcoin wallet isn't needed for exchanging to occur but instead, utilized exchanges are utilized a fiat money.

They are five stages that are suggested by specialists for fledglings who are energetic about needing to enjoy the exchanging cycle, which are pointed toward empowering them to acclimate themselves with the exchanging interaction. They include:   Finding out about the exchanging cycle prior to beginning to utilize the robot. An amateur ought to guarantee that they know some essential schematics that are significant in the exchanging cycle so they will have a thought regarding how the robot capacities. Despite the fact that the robot is robotized, the merchant should have some information to keep them from committing fundamental errors.

Getting more information about digital forms of money. An individual ought to have great involvement with cryptographic money prior to exchanging it. This will guarantee that you find out about its worth and henceforth a preventive measure from making a misfortune by disparaging the worth of the bitcoin.

Rehearsing using a demo account. At whatever point another client gets into a stage, they are encouraged to utilize their demo record to get it together about the administrations offered and have the option to settle in. Through this, an exchanging set up is made and an evaluation of how the exchanging execution is made conceivable prior to choosing to put the cash you have endeavored to procure into the framework. This will permit the financial backer to find out about the exchanging examples of the robotized exchanging stage with the goal that you can find out about what's in store or what not to anticipate.

Start up with limited quantities and step by step add the worth. A novice should exchange a modest quantity this is on the grounds that they are at a higher possibility of losing cash because of the absence of involvement. Be that as it may, as time passes by, a slow increment is made because of the securing of more information concerning the exchange. A fruitful exchanging measure doesn't come simple; it requires tolerance and zeroing in on manners to amplify the future development of your venture. In spite of the fact that it might require some investment, in the long run a great deal of benefit will be gained.

Because of the increment in the interest for digital currencies market, there has been an expansion in the quantity of individuals who need to contribute on the web. A great deal of benefit is being acquired day by day from the amazing cryptographic money market. Additionally, the mind boggling parts of the market have been supplanted via auto exchanging stages, which are online-based. Consequently, they can be utilized by any individual who has an interest. It is less confounded and effectively available. The Bitcoin Buyer is quite possibly the most mainstream auto-exchanging frameworks, and underneath here is its survey.

https://www.bitcoinbuyer.info/ https://www.pinterest.co.uk/bitcoinbuyerapps https://www.instagram.com/bitcoinbuyerapp/ https://twitter.com/bitcoinbuyerapp https://www.facebook.com/bitcoinbuyerapp https://www.linkedin.com/in/bitcoin-buyer

[agereaccounting0]

Accounting Firms in Singapore Offer Customized Accounting Services to Small Business Owners

The Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) of Singapore regulate the businesses, public accountants, and the accounting services in Singapore. ACRA, unlike other government regulators, also facilitates for the promotion of these entities.

 As a national regulator, ACRA demands strict statutory compliance from these entities. For this reason, Singapore businesses are better off with the assistance of accounting services in Singapore.

 Compared to other countries, it is easier, seamless and effortless to open a company in Singapore. Although it depends on individual choices, ACRA advises foreigners to take assistance from external firms offering Singapore company registration services. There are many firms in Singapore offering incorporation services along with many other corporate business services like, accounting, auditing and taxation to different national and international clients.

 Accounting Services for Small and Medium Enterprises in Singapore

 Singapore's taxation year or the Year of Assessment (YA), starts on 1 January and ends on 31 December. However, in case of many Singapore companies, the end of their financial year does not coincide with stipulated date, i.e., 31 December.

 These business entities still have to complete their financial reporting and tax filing, as per the due dates issued by ACRA and IRAS (Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore). They need to host an annual general meeting and table their financial statements for the review and approval of their shareholders.

 Genuine and accredited accounting firms in Singapore assist its clients to maintain their books of accounts, by offering their flawless and punctual Accountancy Services Singapore. These firms ensure that each and every financial transaction is entered and accounted for. These firms also offer preparation of bank reconciliation, XBRL, and directors' reports, along with the financial analysis on weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual basis.

 The well-known CPA firms, while preparing the financial statements of clients prepare a balance sheet, profit and loss statement and cash flow statement. The 'books of account' maintained by the client, plays a major role in preparing these statements. Most of the entries and inputs in these statements are retrieved from what is found in the client's books of accounts. These financial documents are prepared in compliance with the Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (SFRS). In addition to that, different types of transactions are treated as per the set principles and governing practices of the governing bodies.

 In order to offer unmatched and high-quality accounting and auditing services to the clients, firms offering accounting services employ only experienced and certified auditors. These professionals are trained to structure their auditing reports on the data contained in the books of accounts, submitted by clients for inspection. After the auditing reports are prepared and authenticated by the prime service provider, these reports are submitted to shareholders, investors, employees, management and the government regulators for analysis and approval. A comprehensive auditing report serves as a definitive medium for the client, to take speculative decisions about the future course of their business. Therefore, preparing such report, from a well-known and qualified audit firm in Singapore is much more necessary.

 After understanding the importance and necessity of well-structured audit report, business management proceeds to hire an external auditing firm for conducting internal audits of their company. The reports generated, allow them an insight into the effectiveness of processes, internal checks and methods that are in place in the organization. On the other hand, the shareholders of the company are also empowered to hire audit services in Singapore, for conducting parallel external audits for them.

 The meticulously prepared financial reports are essential for gauging the financial health of a company. These reports also reveal its weaknesses and help the management in taking preventive measures against them. Remember, apart from exempted companies, every single Singapore business must file their financial statements with the ACRA.

 It is the duty of the corporate business services firms based in Singapore to advise and help their clients with accurate Singapore tax filing. ACRA specifically mandates; that it is a duty of the business service-providing firm to educate and advise its clients on GST registration in Singapore, GST filing, ECI filing, Withholding tax and other taxes. Most importantly, it assists the client in the careful preparation of its corporate income tax.

 The CPA's working at these firms usually takes into account the tax rebates, incentives, deductions and exemptions that client qualifies for, to incorporate those relevant details in the financial statements. The firm also assists Singapore businesses in complying with the ACRA's XBRL filing requirements, by converting their business data into the XBRL format.

 SBS Consulting is considered as one of the best accounting and auditing firms in Singapore, offering quality accounting services for small business. The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have different accounting needs than that of the bigger enterprises or the multinational businesses. By outsourcing accounting and other corporate services, businesses in Singapore will finally experience peace of mind. The Singaporean economic environment offers favorable options for SMEs to focus and capitalize on market trends. Besides, it also provides equal opportunities to big companies for focusing on the long term goals.

 For More Information: Singapore Accounting Services

Singapore Incorporation Services

Accounting Software Singapore

[wisdomrays]

TAFAKKUR: Part 158

Standing against Radicalism: The Example of Abu Hanifa

Radicalism is a destructive force that threatens bonds within a society. It violates social order, for those who adopt radicalism assume their views as the norm and dictate that all must follow their lifestyle. Radicalism has a potential to reveal itself even more violently when aligned with some religious beliefs, which often serve as a great source of motivation for their adherents, especially when the religion itself is misinterpreted.

Abu Hanifa (d. 767 CE) is considered a leading scholar of Islamic law and his thoughts led to the formation of the Hanafi school of Islam, which has the greatest following among schools. Abu Hanifa's time was an era of intense political and social mobility. While new conquests brought in new cultural and religious components, the political authority aspired to disseminate an official form of Islam; at the same time, new groups and formations emerged to respond to changing conditions. Unfortunately, these conditions led to some groups being radicalized. Abu Hanifa's stance against radicalism was exemplary and his arguments are still worthwhile today.

His political attitude

Abu Hanifa represents the prototype of an independent scholar. He was wary of state power, believing that it corrupted intellectual honesty in the interest of preserving power; thus, he did not hold an official political position. This was a brave stance, as he was seriously persecuted for it. Yet his independence allowed him to see radicalism - on both sides of the political spectrum - for the danger that it was.

Understanding of Islamic jurisprudence

Abu Hanifa is considered the pioneer of the school of sound opinion (ray), which advocates seeking solutions to social-judicial problems by using reason together with religious essentials and scholarly comparison (qiyas). Deductive reasoning (ijtihad), juristic preference for the better (istihsan), and acceptable custom (urf) have an important place in his understanding of Islamic jurisprudence. We can infer that he also believed in the necessity of taking social and psychological realities into account when making religious judgments; this was what he did in practice.

Abu Hanifa did not choose a reductionist approach by restricting himself to the frame of religious essentials, but produced solutions to the questions he faced—or could possibly face—by benefiting from the sources mentioned along with the Qur'an and Sunnah. It is possible to define his approach to jurisprudence as an understanding that places humanity in the center; his views expanded the domain of legitimacy and accepted components of historical and cultural heritage that do not contradict the spirit of religion and belief of Divine oneness, such as local customs and practices. This broad perspective ran contrary to radical beliefs. Because the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence does not disregard real problems in life, it is more capable of solving them.

Abu Hanifa viewed education and debate as essential to his jurisprudence. He would bring a certain problem - some of them contemporary, and some hypothetical - to the attention of his students, each of whom was an expert on an Islamic discipline such as tafsir, hadith, and fiqh; he would let them discuss that matter in detail, follow the discussions with patience, and come to a conclusive judgment according to the strength of the arguments. But he would still tolerate the opposing thoughts of his disciples, such as Imam Muhammad and Abu Yusuf, and let those thoughts come to life. All of their opposing thoughts were recorded, and people acted upon most of them.

We can accept Abu Hanifa's educational method as a pluralist and democratic one, which also teaches how to forbear different opinions with patience. It shows the value of viewing an issue from different points of view. Despite its value, there were some groups that did not support Abu Hanifa's methods.

His understanding of belief

Some groups had formed prior to Abu Hanifa as extensions of the extremist Kharijites. They not only directly declared believing Muslims who sinned were apostates, but they also attacked them and tried to exterminate them in the name of religion. The Kharijites even declared Caliph Ali - and many other devout believers - apostates. Though the Kharijites were the most violent, other groups - including the Mutazilites - also persecuted certain religious groups when they came to political power. Unfortunately, this act of dividing society into groups inevitably led to more violence.

According to one definition, it is possible for religion to be a dividing or uniting factor within a society. It can be a great force for good when it is kept separate from the political machinations of power. In his work Fiqh al-Akbar, Abu Hanifa defined the concept of religion (din) in terms of its contents by saying, "Religion is the title given to the entirety of religion, faith, submission, and religious judgments." Abu'l Muntaha, the scholar who annotated this definition, states that the word religion has different uses, sometimes meaning belief, sometimes submission, and sometimes as the Divine judgments conveyed by a certain Prophet. However, at his answer to the question directed to him about the difference between religion and religious law, Abu Hanifa he expressed that he saw a difference between them. He did not only acknowledge this difference, but also gave a religious and rational explanation for it.

According to Abu Hanifa, religion (din) and religious law (shariah) are separate concepts. He accepted religion as the principles to be believed in - namely, the belief of Divine unity, and faith in the existence and unity of God. Religious law, however, is a body of judgments related to different aspects of human life such as worship, interpersonal relations, and the like. Abu Hanifa interpreted the Qur'anic verse meaning, "I have not created the jinn and humankind but to worship Me (exclusively)" (Dhariyat 56), in the sense of, "So that they know Me and acknowledge my Oneness."

He believed the origin of religion is the belief in the unity of God. Obviously, this definition is based on the distinction between the essence of religion and what it necessitates. Here, belief is the absolute condition of religion, because a person belonging to a certain religion is a matter of accepting the essential teachings of that religion, rather than observing the acts of worship commanded by that religion.

Abu Hanifa came to this conclusion about religion by considering the fact that the essentials of belief brought by the Prophets are the same, but there are certain differences on other issues, such as worship. The Prophets of God did not belong to different religions. None of them commanded their people to forsake the religion of the previous Prophets, since their faith is the same. On the other hand, every Prophet invited their people to follow the law they conveyed, as decreed by God Almighty for that specific people, not necessarily following the exact law conveyed by the previous Prophets. There were many different codes for different peoples. It is for this reason that God Almighty states, "(For each community) ...We have appointed a clear way of life and a comprehensive system (containing the principles of that way and how to follow it). And if God had so willed, He would surely have made you a single community (following the same way of life and system surrounded by the same conditions throughout all history)" (Maedah 48).

The faith of Divine oneness is always the same and religion does not change from one Prophet to another in this sense; it is the systems and their rules that change. If "religion" were fulfilling everything God commands and avoiding everything He forbids, then a person who fails to observe only one command or commits one forbidden act would be an apostate. As such, the legal judgments between fellow believers such as marriage, receiving an inheritance, attending a funeral, and the like would be invalid. However, it is having belief that makes them lawful between fellow believers. Other commands come after having accepted religion. If the commanded acts were faith itself, then God would not call His servants believers until they fulfilled the acts He commanded.

In order to support the point stated above, Abu Hanifa asserted the fact that when believers are excused from certain acts at certain times, they are still considered to have faith: a menstruating woman who abandons the daily prayers, a man who has a valid excuse abandons the Ramadan fasting, or a poor man who cannot give the alms of zakat are still considered believers. If such observances were identical to having faith, failing to observe them for some excuse would have the same meaning. However, it is impossible to make such a claim. According to Abu Hanifa, there is no complete relation between faith and deeds, since they are separate things.

Abu Hanifa stated that the following verses and others of similar meaning also point to the same fact:

"Tell those of My servants who believe that they must establish the Prayer in conformity with its conditions..." (Ibrahim 31); "O you who believe! Prescribed for you is retaliation in cases of (deliberate, unjust) killing..." (Baqarah 178); "O you who believe! Remember and mention God much" (Ahzab 41).

If the commanded acts were identical with belief or faith (iman), then God would not address people as believers until they fulfilled those acts. In addition, God Almighty separates having faith and good deeds in other verses as well:

"Except those who believe and do good righteous deeds..." (Asr 3); "No! Rather, whoever submits his whole being to God (and does so) as one devoted to doing good, aware that God is seeing him, his reward is with his Lord, and all such will have no fear, (for they will always find My help and support with them), nor will they grieve" (Baqarah 112); "But whoever wishes for the Hereafter and strives for it as it should be striven for, being a believer..." (Isra 19).

This distinction proves that faith is not the same as deeds. Believers observe the prayers, fasting, zakat, Hajj, and they make remembrance of God owing to their faith - but they are not considered to have faith for having observed these. This proves that they do good deeds after having faith (iman) already.

In his letter to Uthman al-Batti, a scholar from Basra, Abu Hanifa stated this view with reference to different proofs. He used the following example: an indebted man firstly acknowledges his debt and pays it afterwards, but not vice versa. His acknowledgement of the debt is not for having paid the debt, but his paying is for having acknowledged the debt.

Abu Hanifa did not believe that a person who sins is out of the sphere of faith; nor are they an apostate. He expressed this point, saying, "Those who have acknowledged the direction to turn for worship are believers. I cannot count them as having forsaken faith owing to some command they do not observe. As for one who abandons some obligatory acts in spite of having faith, that person is a believer, but a sinful one (he is not a disbeliever)."

Abu Hanifa argued that what would make one an unbeliever is not committing a forbidden act, but considering it lawful; not abandoning an obligatory command, but considering it unnecessary.

Abu Hanifa also pointed out that real believers commit sins not by considering them lawful, but by giving in to their carnal soul. When asked, "If God is dearer for a believer than everything, why does a believer rebel Him? Is it possible for a person to rebel while having sincere love for God?" the great imam replied, "Yes, a child loves his father, but sometimes disobeys him. The situation of a believer is the same...He commits sins not owing to a lack of love for God, but for giving in to the feeling of lust or something similar."

Some claimed that this stance aligned Abu Hanifa with the school of Murjia, whose adherents believed that sins would not nullify one's faith, but Abu Hanifa soundly argued that it is not possible to guarantee anything in matters of faith:

"We cannot say that sins do not harm a believer at all. Similarly, we cannot say that a person who commits sins will not enter Hell. Neither can we say our good deeds are accepted and our evil deeds are forgiven... However, who commits good deeds in conformity with all of the conditions of validity...and dies as a believer without nullifying those deeds, then God does not let those deeds be in vain, but rewards them." We need to clarify at this point that by this definition Abu Hanifa did not refer to an argument as if religion was a matter of conscience only; religion for him is a comprehensive system of life that concerns all aspects of believers' existence.

While founding the most developed school of Islamic jurisprudence, Abu Hanifa defined religion with reference to its essence, pinpointing the difference between religion and other factors related to religion. His definition of religion as the faith of Divine oneness is very important in terms of maintaining social unity. Such a definition does not lessen the importance of religion's other requirements. Moreover, the political and social conditions of his time called for such a definition. For this reason, Abu Hanifa made a definition that referred to the essence of religion and aimed to maintain unity in society by counteracting the tendency to easily condemn those with different opinions.

This is valuable even today, as taking belief in Divine unity as the basis of religion allows followers of different monotheistic religions to meet on common grounds. In the Qur'an, God Almighty addresses Muslims in the person of the Prophet and demands them to call People of the Book to a common word between them: "O People of the Book, come to a word common between us and you, that we worship none but God, and associate none as partner with Him, and that none of us take others for Lords, apart from God" (Al Imran 3: 64).

Conclusion

When Abu Hanifa's world of thought and understanding of life are studied, it's clear that his viewpoint valued differences and did not permit persecution. This perspective still bears significance in terms of peaceful coexistence in today's societies. Such a magnanimous attitude can help to combat radical attitudes and inclinations for violence.

[frostkingoftheapocalypse]

kissofmistletoe‌: @kissofmistletoe​

Dark eyes watched the procession of his people filter away, hesitate heels moving across the blood-stained floor. Their reservations still lay thick in the air, subtly spoken words to linger in the shadows, and those left unspoken, far heavier in weight, as if to try to seed doubt in the Sooth-Sayer’s mind. They would find the ground harsh for that particular root to spread, however, as eventually the farmers of discord would learn. Ancient beliefs in systems archaic and obsolete had no place in worlds left scarred beyond any previous recognition.

It was thought for another time, another place. This was not a moment to dwell upon future actions, but consider past ones, dealt out by a hand now so known and cherished. The fingers that had once carried a torch into the darkened world had left their prints within the newly crowned’s mind, a thing to be feared, wished, adored, praised. So two had both of them come, time transforming them to this moment, far from where they had first met.

Irony, perhaps, that Baldr sat adorned once more in chains. Nestled within black locks, they snaked between precious jewels, now so willingly worn. Fragile in the softness of metal, as if a toy to give to a spoilt babe, their tenderness was a far cry from the iron that had constricted against a skeletal ankle. Perhaps that strength, shattered in a single blow from a giant, had slowly seeped into the god’s bones. To look upon the golden body now, it was unimaginable the state it had been found in, living despite the universe’s best tries for otherwise.

But had someone told that child, watching a world through a film of tears as the light disappeared for the final time, that he would sit upon a throne as leader for the cosmos that wished his demise, even the Truth-Seer would have not believed.

Silence fell, and was thankfully broken by the one who could seem to easily remove the weight of office, yet perhaps could not yet free himself from the feel of it. Muscles set in rigid formation, as a king would expect from any lord, Loki looked every inch of a subject in perfect respect of his master. A mask they both wore, with practised perfection, even with no on-lookers to see. It perhaps was a situation that demanded such a facade, for a time, as kings discussed matters of history and state.

Baldr listened, with no need to doubt the words spoken. Never had his lover lied to him with outright intent, but to conceal one half when needed. When necessary. It was a mark of deference that the stag had never challenged the decision, even when fury held every inch of his mind in control. He had accepted what was given and pried no further, in knowing the time would come when the light would reveal all. This time.

“It was this much I had gathered as I grew to know more about… everything. About the worlds and their runnings, about our people and about you,” replied the god-king after a moment, voice as equally reserved as his lover’s had been.

Before, when the mere concept of others had been a new found idea, such attitude would have sparked that beast they lay in angry dormant inside. Unable to understand the little-given emotion behind the Jötunns’ words, the unformed mind jumped to extreme conclusions, certain in their deduction that all were arrogantly entertained by a being they thought of as dim. Cats that would watched with smug superiority as their wounded prey desperately attempted to flee.

Between speech, silence was not able to reign. Already had habits of generations settled in, a thoughtless action to occupy the body while the intellect pondered. Another minute grain of stone to be whittled away, a mark left upon the world. The first of many, perhaps.

“I admit, it intrigued me that you did not go down that route.” The softest shrug, setting a gentle orchestra of ornaments to sound. “If you wish to hear rumours, I would advise a few weeks staying in the palace cells, for the guards kill many an hour contemplating the realm’s potential. There were more than a few who wagered my reason for being brought to Jötunheimer was to become some war beast like Mountainbreaker. It became apparent, eventually, that one would  not need to teach a warrior how to read or write, if all they intended for that person to do was kill.”

A slip of the mask, humour unable to be disguised in the manner so innate to those cobalt giants. Baldr could no more hide his nature than he could let loose a lie. It was a gift Loki so easily wielded in these private moments, and a demeanour that baffled the newly-formed councils. It passed momentarily, however, the spark of amusement dying down as a question passed into the stag’s mind.

“While, of course, I am still ever in your gratitude for your actions, and ever more so knowing they were done in a kinder intention than previously believed, I am still curious… Asgard was never your enemy, but it was and still is to many on this realm. There is still hatred towards my birth race, albeit far more tempered thanks to your diplomacy on the matter. You mentioned once, in the cells when I believed I had destroyed all chances of being released on your good will, that some had died over the discussion of me on this world. I raise the same question to you again.

Why bring me here in the first place? Later on, perhaps, I could have understand. When I had more understanding and strength, enough to know of the fine line my existence caused to your people, but straightaway? While I know now, should I ever be in the situation you found yourself in, I could not turn my back to one who needed help, as king I do not think I would risk bringing so fragile a person into a world already so fraught.”

The memories of that time seemed more than hazy, edges of images far more than blurred to nigh-on indistinguishable. Those first moments of viewing the world completely, the vastness shown to one who had never known, seemed dulled now, worn down by the expanse of deeds done after, but enough remained. Terror so pure was hard to shake, and awe so great were the few things that lingered on, even now.

“To be subject to so many new things then, any emotion conjured by each revelation was quickly replaced by another, until I was able to know enough to know myself. A baptism of fire, almost, in living. Mayhaps because I was the one to be made to walk through it, but I could not make another follow in those same steps. Did you question how I might react, in those first days of our meeting? Or had your intentions moved to a more political stance?”

It disturbed the elder more than he anticipated to be berated by accusations he had not considered before. For as long as memories were clear and tangible things, he had felt conditioned to pre-brace; to play strategy five steps ahead, ensconced in the shield of detachment and well developed compartmentalisation - and with a rather fair, final deterrent of, do not fuck with mineself, I am your King.

Yet Loki’s heavily scarred bulk was not such a shield on its own. It was Baldr who had the high ground here. His King could not have scraped nails down the chalkboard of his insides better if he had done so on purpose. Loki’s scent smelt rotten to his own awareness, shameful even, the emotions rising from his body, papercuts of salt and iron in his throat.

“You know the answers to those questions.” after a few ripe breaths that scarcely rose his broad chest, reassured somewhat that his bass issued with a level of composure he did not feel ---it was not Jötunar, the language, that had been spoken by him just now, and Loki watched as beloved took attention to his uncertain stare.

The space between them alters at the sound. Like an intimate touch. From the taller’s lips, coming their private lexicon. The pair’s Allspeak had assimilated it in recent years, of shared joy, and curious greed, pouring over battered tomes their own linguistic discovery; curated themselves, collected themselves, sung themselves, and kept alive as a dialect off a realm now lost forever. 

It punctuated Loki’s reply now with a wry click, as close to an unhappy tsk as his public behaviour was capable of.

Baldr did not yet understand the ability of prying ears here in the throne room - which was not the As’ fault. It was a gap in his education. To have Loki reliquishing the throne was new to them both, and the nuances that went on across Jotunheimr was a to-do list which was far too long to wait to learn by heart, before crowning the rightful monarch of the Nine. Baldr’s time to be King was now. 

Adornments clinked together, painting the air in glass tones as the elder clasped a wrist to hand behind his back. Formality and politeness were quickly transforming what had been vulnerable. At a glance they were alone. But Loki knew a reprimand here was oh so public, and his skin crawled,

“I may give the illusion of grandeur, but I am not complex.” a million tangents of thought aside, the gnarled V of Loki’s brow was automatic, unsettled, “Do not think mineself evasive to these questions, sváss, they are yours to ask, I hear them willingly, gladly. But if ‘tis mine grand game strategy you wish to discuss, we must go elsewhere. Private.”

[ambitionabroadcheeka]

Top 7 Myths That Might Affect Your PTE Scores [2021][Updated]

1. Backspace in Writing

Many of the aspirants believe that using Backspace in writing will affect the GRAMMAR and SPELLINGS Score which will decrease their Overall PTE Points.

So, they do not use Backspace even when they done a mistake, which leads to poorer spellings and grammar scores. There are no algorithms in PTE that count your backspace in the exam.

Next time you see someone talking about this backspace issue, Tell them to not worry about it and use it as many times as they want.

2. Complex Sentence Formation

One of the Biggest Myths in PTE is that to achieve a high score in Writing, You need to use very complex sentences.

But in reality, the simpler the sentence it is, the more score you will get. Difficult and complex sentences require some demanding A.I. and can also mess up with your grammar and spelling.

So, try to use simple and short sentences in PTE and achieve your desired band score easily.

Use simple SpellingsMake Simple SentencesStick to a TemplateDon't create complex sentencesOnly write spellings that you know. Don't write difficult words that you can't spell.

3. Add Extra Words In Write From Dictation (2021 Update)

Many of the students use extra words in Write From Dictations. Words such as ( in, and, of, the, by, and so on). These words are added in dictations to grab points of such words that might be present in the real answer

As a result, they score very low marks in Listening. This was possible before 2019 as there was no algorithm of word count in PTE (WFD). But, after the year 2020, PTE Academic introduced a new big update.

This Update includes that EVERY SINGLE word needs to be in the CORRECT order as per the answer. There should be no addition of extra words, else 0.50 marks will be deducted from each word added or mistake.

Practice Automatic Scoring Write From Dictation Questions

Write in SequenceUse full stop and comma as in answerPractice 30x Dictations a dayDon't add extra words ( and as also but )Don't use both plural and singular words in dictation ( we are attending Math Maths lecture)

4. Speak for full 40 Seconds in Speaking

Still, Many Teachers and students believe that speaking for full 40 seconds will help them achieve very high scores in Speaking compared to those who speak only for 25 Seconds.

This is not TRUE, Speaking for 40 seconds constantly is an arduous task. The more you speak, the more pauses and hesitations there will be.

If you focus on content and speak proper keywords then you can finish this task in less than 20 seconds also. Speaking for 20 to 25 seconds while maintaining your fluency with proper content is the key to score 90 in PTE.

Speak Proper ContentTry to cover your content in 20 to 25 secondsSpeak FluentlyDon't rely only on TemplateDon't focus on grammarDon't keep speaking until 40 Seconds are Over

5. Only Cram Real Exam Questions / Materials

Some aspirants say that they should not practice questions in PTE, rather they should cram all the real exam questions.

Cramming in PTE is so common, Cramming does help students with various types of questions. That is why many students cram every single question available on the internet. From Read Aloud to Repeat Sentence to Write From Dictation. This does not help them in the long run. Learning the proper strategies, tactics, and right approach to the question will only help them achieve 9.0 Bands in PTE.

Focus on questions having high weightage such as Read Aloud, Repeat Sentence, and Write From Dictations. DON’T Cram all of them. Learn proper strategies for them.

Use Proper StrategyGo through the Exam Questions file properlyCram only Write From Dictations as they have 100% Repeat RateDon't cram Read Aloud and Repeat SentenceDon't focus on Questions with less weightage. (MCMA or HIC)

6. Speak Louder and Faster to make sure it's RECORDED in the exam. (Speaking)

Speaking at a faster pace and speaking it louder will help you achieve 90 points in PTE. Well, it’s not completely true.

Speaking louder in the PTE exam is not only disrespectful to others but also leads to many other problems. PTE Test Centers offer Noise cancellation Headsets that will take care of all the noise present in your exam room. These Headsets also have the potential to eliminate and separate the background noise.

Speak in your natural tone as PTE Algorithms will automatically increase the volume of your recording before checking them. If you have a very soft voice, Only then, you need to speak LOUDER !!

Speak at a Proper Pace and RhythmMake sure to Test the Microphone before starting the test.Speak LOUDER If you have a Soft voiceDon't Speak Faster, It might give you less pronunciation scoreDon't speak LOUD unnecessarily, It might decrease your scores

7. Carefully choosing the Best Test Center to achieve a High Band Score

Results vary from test center to test center. Some give good results while others don’t. This is NOT TRUE.

There are many aspects in a test center from headphones to computer hardware to properly working Internet servers. All these things are checked and tested several times before they can be used in exams.

So, No Matter where you give your exam. It has to pass through that checking criteria. Your exam will be checked by the same algorithm. whether you give exam in London, Delhi, or New York, it will be checked by the same set of codes

Pick a Test Center that is close to your locationPearson Professional Test Centers (PPC) are the Best Test CentersReport issues that occurred in your exam.Don't be Skeptical about Test CentersDon't Take an exam very far from your place.

Read More Articles like this on : https://ambitionabroad.in/blog/

[monica2016]

RPSC Assistant professor ABST Recruitment 2020-21

In this blog we will cover assistant professor vacancies in Rajasthan including its syllabus , exam dates , exam pattern , books , notes , how to apply  and special tips by toppers about how to crack this exam .

RPSC Rajasthan has issued the notification for recruitment of assistant professor vacancy in Rajasthan for 82 vacant posts in ABST i.e Accounts and business statistics.The exams for proposed recruitment of abst assistant professor was to be held in April 2021 but now the exams are postponed and exams are proposed to be held in September 2021 and scheduled dates are from 24th September onwards. RPSC conducts these exams so if you are looking for teaching profession after post-graduation , you can prepare for this exam and for Rajasthan lecturer vacancy you need to clear UGC NET exam/ State SLAT exam .

we are providing complete Video lectures, Short Notes , 5000+ MCQs and Practice Mock tests of professional knowledge part ,for paper 1 and paper 2 of RPSC Assistant professor ABST exams, which is most important has weightage of 150 marks out of 200 Marks written exam.

Key Highlights of RPSC Assistant professor ABST Recruitment 2020-21

Eligibility for Rajasthan university recruitment of assistant professor

For assistant professor vacancies, Post-Graduation with NET/SLAT is required in relevant subject for which you are applying .

For ABST Subject or Commerce candidates who are looking for assistant professor exam should have following educational qualifications-

Post-graduation in commerce with 55%  or equivalent and

NET/ SLAT or similar qualification ,or

Candidates who is holding PHD as per UGC

Exam pattern of assistant professor vacancies

There will be two stages of exam

Stage 1.  Written exam – MCQ based – 200 Marks

Stage 2. Interview – 24 Marks

Stage 1 of written MCQ based exam will have Three (3) Papers as under exam for assistant professor

Paper 1– Financial Accounting. Corporate accounting, Management accounting and cost accounting (Total 150 Questions for 75 Marks)

Paper 2- Audit , tax , business statistics (Total 150 Questions for 75 Marks)

Paper 3- Rajasthan GK (Total 100 Questions for 50 Marks)

Detailed syllabus of ABST Assistant professor is given at end of this blog for refence

Negative marking in Rajasthan lecturer vacancy

1/3rd penalty for each wrong answer will be deducted.

Exam and centres of assistant professor abst exam

It will be notified by RPSC Rajasthan very soon along with the admit cards .

Job profile of assistant professor in Rajasthan/workings In Rajasthan government as assistant professor Job.

Job of Assistant professor is most prestigious and as well very easy workings, as a professor you need to take only 3-4 lectures daily and along will that number of holidays are also good

RPSC Assistant professor ABST 2020-21 Vacancy and news regarding Number of expected vacancies

The present vacancy of assistant professor vacancy in Rajasthan is for total of 900+ posts for all subjects and number of vacancies for ABST is 82 , which is a very good number . further its is also expected that in 2022 Rajasthan government will issue notification for assistant professor exam, as soon as the rpsc exam time table is released on www rpsc gov in recruitment notification, we will notify it here.

RPSC recruitment of assistant professor exam date

for 2021 vacancy of assistant professor notification, exam dates proposed is 24th September 2021 onwards by rpsc. For any further updates about rpsc lecturer exam date keep checking this portal or you can also check latest updates at www rpsc govt in

Rpsc assistant professor salary

Salary of rpsc assistant professor is very good in comparison to other teaching jobs. with grade pay of 6000/- , rpsc assistant professor selected candidates get total salary of 80000+ after completion of probation period of two years .

How to apply for assistant professor

In order to apply for assistant professor exam, you need to follow the below given instructions

Step 1- Visit SSO Portal of Rajasthan Government and register / login to your sso id for applying rpsc assistant professor exam

Step 2 – go to recruitment portal on SSO and then you will be re-directed to new page where you will see assistant professor vacancies

Step 3- Click on Junior accountant and fill in details asked and save them.

Step 4 – submit the form of rpsc assistant professor exam and process for online fees payment

Step 5 – pay fees for assistant professor vacancies exam form

Note- take print out of Application form of assistant professor vacancies

Or alternatively you can also apply through an e-Mitra

Admit Card of RPSC assistant professor vacancy in rajasthan

Admit cards will be released very soon and well before exams and the admit cards will be available for download at official website of RPSC i.e www rpsc gov

Answer key of ABST assistant professor Rajasthan  

Rpsc will release the answer key for rpsc professor exam after the exam is over and before the release of result and cut off.

Result of RPSC Assistant professor ABST

To be declared after 2-3 months of exam

Cut off of RPSC Assistant professor

It will be released soon after exams are held on official website of RPSC , we will intimate about dates as soon as it is available

Books & Notes for all subjects of Junior Accountant Exam

On this portal you will get complete course for Assistant professor ABST or assistant professor commerce best books and short notes and MCQ and mock tests are available on oneexam , you can checkout these contents as these are all prepared by India’s Top Faculties including CA , university professor and Toppers of Last exam . Hundreds of students have trusted over our specially designed material for this exam.

Coaching for RPSC Junior Accountant

At OneExam.in we have the best course designed in such a way that you can get maximum marks in your commerce part. Watch our free demo videos over YouTube and then trust .we assure you that Nothing better then this you have ever seen for each and every single concepts and topics we have best contents with short Notes and revision charts .

Follow us for latest news of assistant professor exam and RPSC assistant professor notifications

The detailed syllabus is as under university assistant professor exam or RPSC ABST assistant professor exam –

The syllabus of RPSC Assistant professor ABST Recruitment (rpsc assistant professor) will be as under –

Paper 1 (150 questions) (each 0.5 marks)

A-        Financial Accounting

Introduction, meaning of Book-Keeping, Accounting and Accountancy, Distinction between Book-Keeping and Accounting, Accounting Process, Objectives of Accounting, Various users of Accounting information, Limitations of Accounting, Accounting Terminologies, Accounting Concepts, Principles and Conventions. Accounting Standards (Indian Accounting Standards), International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Recording of Transactions Secondary Books, Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors, Final Accounts with adjustment entries, Closing entries, Financial Statements. Bank Reconciliation Statement, Bills of Exchange, Partnership Accounts- Admission of a Partner, Retirement of

Partner, Death of a Partner, Piecemeal Distribution of Cash and Amalgamation of firms, Depreciation Accounting, Price Level Changes Accounting, Hire Purchase and Instalment Payment Methods, Voyage Accounts, Accounting from Incomplete Records, Accounting Methods for Non-Profit making organisations.

B –        Corporate Accounting

Introduction to Company Accounts, Kinds of Companies, Formation of Companies, Share Capital, Issue of Shares, Under Subscription and Over Subscription, Issue of shares at premium and discount, Buy-back of shares and Treasury stock, Accounting treatment and Ledger Preparation, Issue of Bonus and Right shares, Consolidation and split of shares, Redemption of Preference shares and Issue and Redemption of debentures, Preparation of final accounts with calculation of Managerial Remuneration, Disposal of Company profits and Distribution of Dividend, Accounts of Banking and Insurance Companies, Valuation of Goodwill, Valuation of shares, Amalgamation of Companies, Internal and External Reconstruction of companies (including scheme of Reconstruction) Accounts of Holding and subsidiary companies Liquidation of a Company, Double Account system (Accounting for public utilities companies Problems of merger and acquisition.

Accounting for agricultural forms, Government Accounting, corporate social Accounting Accounts of Solicitors, Accounts of Hospitals. Forensic Accounting, Accounting for tour and travel agencies, Basic financial and Accounting System for MFIS.

C –        Cost Accounting

Concept of Cost and Cost Control, Cost Accounting methods (Job costing, Batch costing, Contract costing or Terminal costing, process costing including inter process profit, Single output or unit costing, Operating costing Operation costing, Multiple or composite costing, Departmental costing and uniform costing), Non-Integrated and Integrated cost Accounting system. Marginal Costing and Break-Even Analysis, Decisions based on Marginal Costing techniques, Budgetary Control and Preparation of various types of Budgets, Standard Costing and Ascertainment of Material, Labour, Overhead and Sales Variances, Activity Based Costing. Transfer Pricing, Life Cycle Costing, Strategic Cost and Performance Evaluation, Mechanic Accounting and E.D.P, Productivity Accounting and Implication of Computers for Cost Control and Cost reduction, Programmes and Planning, Employee’s Participation in cost reduction programmes.

D – Management Accounting

Objectives and Scope of Management Accounting, Ratio Analysis, Preparation of Fund Flow Statement and Cash Flow Statement. Capital Structure- Theories and Decisions, Cost of Capital, Working Capital Management, Capital Budgeting and Expenditure Decisions, Dividend Decisions, Balance Score Card, Measurement and Performance – ROI, MVA, EVA and Risk Analysis.

Value added Accounting, Human Resource Accounting, Responsibility Accounting, Operating and Financial leverages, Trading on Equity, Lease Financing, Inventory management.

Note:- Pattern of Question Paper

Objective type paper

Maximum Marks : 75

Number of Questions : 150

Duration of Paper : Three Hours

All questions carry equal marks.

Medium of Competitive Exam : Bilingual in English & Hindi

There will be Negative Marking.

PAPER – II

A. Taxation:

Direct Tax

Income Tax Law and Rules with reference to assessment of Individuals, HUF, Firm, AOP and Companies, Assessment Procedure and types of Assessment, Advance payment of tax, Tax deduction at source, Refund of tax, Double taxation, Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion. Introductory part of Tax Planning with special reference to salaried employees and individuals. Minimum Alternate Tax Net.

Indirect Tax

Custom duty – Role of custom in International Trade, Important Terms and definitions under the custom Act, 1962, Assessable value , Baggage, Bill of entry Dutiable goods, Duty Exporter, Foreign going Vessel, Aircraft goods, Import Manifest, Importer, prohibited goods, Shipping Bill, Stores, Bill of lading, Export manifest, Letter of credit, Kind of Duties, Prohibition of Export and Import of Goods and Provisions regarding notified and specified goods, Import of Goods- Free import and Restricted import, Types of Import- Import of cargo, Import of personal Baggage, Import of stores, Tax Liability and Valuation of goods, computation of custom duty. Appeals and revisions.

CGST/SGST

Important terms and definitions under Central Goods and Service Tax Act 2017 and State and Service Tax Act 2017. Basics of GST. Meaning and scope of Supply, Levy and collection of Tax. Time and value of supply of goods and/or Services, Input Tax Credit, Transitional Provisions, Registration under CGST/SGST Act. Filing of Returns and Assessment, Payment of Tax including payment of tax on reverse charge basis, Refund under the Act. Maintenance of Accounts and Records, Composition Scheme, Job work and its Procedure, Various Exemptions Under GST. Demand and recovery under GST. Miscellaneous provisions. IGST-Scope of IGST, important terms and definitions for determining the place of supply and place of supply of goods and services, Zero rated supply.

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Meaning, Objectives and Types of Audit. Internal Control, Vouching and Verification of Assets and Liabilities. Assurance and Audit standards, Audit Programme, Working Papers, Documentation, Audit Reports Audit of Companies Appointment, Removal, Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Auditor. Audit of Banks, Insurance Companies, Charitable Trust and Educational Institutions, Management Audit, Efficiency Audit, Cost Audit, EDP Audit, Environmental Audit, Social Audit, Performance Audit, Tax Audit and Audit of Accounting Information System.

C. Business Statistics and Operation Research:

Introduction, Definition and Functions of Statistics, Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewness, Moments, Kurtosis, Sheppard’s Correction and Conditions for applying it, Index Numbers, Analysis of Time Series, Interapolation and Extrapolation, Vital Statistics, Correlation and Regression Analysis, Multiple Regression, Association of Attributes, Statistical Decision Theory, Sampling, Test of Hypothesis, Sampling and Non-Sampling errors, Sampling distributions and Standard Error, Sampling Methods, Large and Small Sample Analysis, Sampling of Attributes and Variables, Test of Significance. Z-Test, T-Test, F-Test, Theoretical Frequency Distributions, Probability, Analysis of Variance and Design of Experiments. Linear Programming, Network Analysis-PERT and CPM, Game Theory, Replacement Theory. Statistical Quality control Discriminant Analysis.

Note:- Pattern of Question Paper

Objective type paper

Maximum Marks : 75

Number of Questions : 150

Duration of Paper : Three Hours

All questions carry equal marks.

Medium of Competitive Exam : Bilingual in English & Hindi

There will be Negative Marking

https://oneexam.in/rpsc-assistant-professor-abst-recruitment-2020-21/

[armorloading15]

Java 8 For Mac Os X

This page describes how to install and uninstall JDK 8 for OS X computers.

Forcing NetBeans to use JDK1.8 NetBeans on MAC OS X uses a version of JDK in some non-explicit way, and it's not always what you want. Usually it's based on the the most recent JDK installation. So if you installed JDK 11, NetBean8.2 will not work without making the configuation file edit suggested in this site.

This page has these topics:

How to install Java JDK (Java Development kit 12) on Mac OS. Download and install Java on Mac OS X. We will also update the JAVAHOME environment variable ne. Installing Java 8 and Eclipse on Mac OS X. This page tells you how to download and install Java 8 and Eclipse on Mac OS X, and how to configure Eclipse. Installing Java 8. Go to the Oracle website. You'll see something like this. Java 8 os x free download - Apple Java for OS X 10.7/10.8, Apple Java for OS X 10.6, Apple Java for OS X 10.5, and many more programs.

See 'JDK 8 and JRE 8 Installation Start Here' for general information about installing JDK 8 and JRE 8.

See 'OS X Platform Install FAQ' for general information about installing JDK 8 on OS X.

System Requirements

Observe the following requirements:

Any Intel-based computer running OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) or later.

Administrator privileges.

Note that installing the JDK on OS X is performed on a system wide basis, for all users, and administrator privileges are required. You cannot install Java for a single user.

Installing the JDK also installs the JRE. The one exception is that the system will not replace the current JRE with a lower version. To install a lower version of the JRE, first uninstall the current version as described in 'Uninstalling the JRE'.

JDK Installation Instructions

When you install the Java Development Kit (JDK), the associated Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is installed at the same time. The JavaFX SDK and Runtime are also installed and integrated into the standard JDK directory structure.

Depending on your processor, the downloaded file has one of the following names:

jdk-8uversion-macosx-amd64.dmg

jdk-8uversion-macosx-x64.dmg

Where version is 6 or later.

Download the file.

Before the file can be downloaded, you must accept the license agreement.

From either the Downloads window of the browser, or from the file browser, double click the .dmg file to launch it.

A Finder window appears containing an icon of an open box and the name of the .pkg file.

Double click the package icon to launch the Install app.

The Install app displays the Introduction window.

Note:

In some cases, a Destination Select window appears. This is a bug, as there is only one option available. If you see this window, select Install for all users of this computer to enable the Continue button.

Click Continue.

The Installation Type window appears.

Click Install.

A window appears that says 'Installer is trying to install new software. Type your password to allow this.'

Enter the Administrator login and password and click Install Software.

The software is installed and a confirmation window appears.

Mac Specs: By Processor: PowerPC G4. Complete technical specifications for every Apple Mac using the PowerPC G4 processor are listed below for your convenience. For other processors, please refer to the main By Processor page. Also see: Macs By Series, Mac Clones, By Year, By Case Type and Currently Shipping. If you find this page useful, please Bookmark & Share it. Mac os for powerpc g4.

Refer to http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk-for-mac-readme-1564562.html for more information about the installation.

After the software is installed, delete the .dmg file if you want to save disk space.

Determining the Default Version of the JDK

If you have not yet installed Apple's Java OS X 2012-006 update, then you are still using a version of Apple Java 6 that includes the plug-in and the Java Preferences app. See 'Note for Users of OS X that Include Apple Java 6 Plug-in'.

There can be multiple JDKs installed on a system, as many as you wish.

When launching a Java application through the command line, the system uses the default JDK. It is possible for the version of the JRE to be different than the version of the JDK.

Uninstall Java 8 Mac Os X

You can determine which version of the JDK is the default by typing java -version in a Terminal window. If the installed version is 8u6, you will see a string that includes the text 1.8.0_06. For example:

To run a different version of Java, either specify the full path, or use the java_home tool:

Free MP3 Player for Mac -Another alternative way to play MP3 format files on Mac is to use VLC player. The VLC player is one of the best media players, because it provides native support for a wide variety of formats files including MP3. Then you will be able to play MP3 files on different media players as you want. However the downside of using VLC player for file conversion is that after conversion of the files into the desired format they cannot be transferred to any other electronic device or Apple products for playback. Wma player for mac. Ready to ConvertAfter setting the output format and location, please hit the 'Convert' icon to convert your MP3 files.

Java 8 For Mac Os X

For more information, see the java_home(1) man page.

Uninstalling the JDK

To uninstall the JDK, you must have Administrator privileges and execute the remove command either as root or by using the sudo(8) tool.

For example, to uninstall 8u6:

Do not attempt to uninstall Java by removing the Java tools from /usr/bin. This directory is part of the system software and any changes will be reset by Apple the next time you perform an update of the OS.

September 26, 2019

Mac OS XDownload (215 MB)Windows (32-bit)Download (186 MB)Windows (64-bit)Download (189 MB)Linux (32-bit)Download (213 MB)Linux (64-bit)Download (210 MB)

Java For Mac Os

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Download Java 8 For Mac Os X

NetLogo is free, open source software. Your donations (tax deductible) will help us continue to maintain and improve it.

Notes for Mac OS X users:

Our installer includes Java 8 for NetLogo’s private use only. Other programs on your computer are not affected.

Some users have reported problems running NetLogo 6+ on Mac OS Catalina, Mojave, High Sierra, and Sierra (10.12 - 10.15). We're continuing to investigate this and hope to find a fix soon. For the latest updates and workaround information, please see our known issues page.

NetLogo 6.1.1 requires OS X 10.7.4 or higher. If you need to run NetLogo on an older version, please consider NetLogo 5.2.1 or earlier.

Notes for Windows users:

Some users will see a Windows warning 'Windows protected your PC' when running the installer. You can continue to install NetLogo by clicking 'More Info' in the prompt and then 'Run Anyway'.

Our installer includes Java 8 for NetLogo’s private use only. Other programs on your computer are not affected.

If in doubt about which version to download, choose 32-bit, which works on either 32-bit or 64-bit Windows. More information is available on the requirements page.

Notes for Linux users:

Our installer includes Java 8 for NetLogo’s private use only. Other programs on your computer are not affected.

Problems downloading? Write bugs@ccl.northwestern.edu.

[iriscomplimentarymedicine]

Iris publishers-Online Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine (OJCAM)

Visualizing Traditional Chinese Medicine and Information Representation and Retrieval: Opportunities and Challenges in a New Era of Big Data

Authored by  David C Mainenti*

Abstract

Computer-based medical diagnostic systems have seen tremendous growth since the 1950s, particularly with the arrival of personal computers, the Internet, portable devices, and big data analytical environments. Such technologies utilize the fundamental principles of information representation and retrieval (IRR) to solve complex questions pertaining to health and disease. However, since inception, such systems have virtually ignored traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) techniques, oftentimes due to their lack of success in randomized controlled trials. To this day, little is known about how TCM works scientifically and, yet, it remains an essential part of the world’s healthcare system, particularly in several Asian countries. As disease remains widespread across society, the diagnostic and treatment methods of TCM should be compared alongside Western medical models, in light of modern IRR techniques, to determine if a new, futuristic form of translational medicine can be developed that improves medical outcomes and reduces health care costs worldwide. This study analyzes all published research in SCOPUS relating to TCM and IRR for the period 1985-2020 and employs bibliometric techniques, multiple correspondence analysis, and data visualizations to investigate author productivity, collaborations, and research trends. Opportunities and challenges were discovered that will help identify future directions within the field as we enter a new era of data-intensive scientific discovery in medicine.

Keywords:Bibliometrics; Computer-based medical diagnostic systems; Data visualization; Herbal pharmaceutical technology; Multiple correspondence analysis; Traditional Chinese medicine; Information retrieval

Abbreviations:IRR: Information Representation and Retrieval; TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine; IoT: Internet of Things; AI: Artificial Intelligence; ISO: International Organization for Standardization

The Ecological Model

Since its creation thousands of years ago [1], scholars of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have provided a wide variety of resources for biomedical and health science, comprised of published literature, medicinal materials, herbs, diagnostic matrices, clinical records, medical formularies, and the like. In many ways, the founders of TCM were true pioneers of information science – they identified problems affecting society in their day and consciously searched available data at the time, represented mainly by classical medical literature passed down from the sages of antiquity in chant and song prior to the development of the written record, in addition to plants and other natural substances garnered from the environment [2]. These early medical leaders proceeded to organize and index such information into influential works (e.g., primitive expert knowledge systems) to prevent the spread of epidemic disease so that all those who followed would have retrieval access to a robust decisioning mechanism designed to solve a host of medical issues [3]. These ancient systems, based primarily on natural patterns of disharmony, herbal medical information representation, and treatment models, resemble mathematical thinking based on the presence or absence of human biological information [4] and utilize a binary system of numbers and probabilities that closely identifies with the concept of bits and bytes that form the working principle found in our current computing environment [5].

With the advent of big data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and society’s continued pursuit of optimal health and well-being, the idea of developing computer-aided medical decision-making using artificial intelligence (AI) models to simulate the deductive procedure of disease diagnosis is soon to become a common reality that laid roots down over forty years ago [6]. In the future, Samsung [7] predicts sensors embedded all around us monitoring our health in a continuous manner, linked to one giant AI network, picking up signs of illness, automatically nudging users to make healthier choices, acting as a virtual doctor, directing future medical research but also potentially ranking us and shifting health and life insurance premiums to a pay-as-you-live model. Through the use of information representation and retrieval (IRR) technology, medical data gathered from a multitude of sources can now be gleaned and aggregated with appropriate criteria for use in complex TCM algorithms that bridge gaps currently existing in Western diagnostic practices by imitating classical deductive and reasoning procedures for solving medical problems and recommending treatment protocols [8]. Unfortunately, the complexity of medical knowledge creates a number of IRR difficulties [9] including, but not limited to standardized data formats; formulated inputs; and good feature representation with efficient key factors of the target problem. This is further complicated [10] by the fact that there remains, to this day, no single system able to accurately read the many medical manuscripts written in numerous dialects and stored at different locations all over the world, a literary necessity to ground TCM theory with modern science, due to the historical nature of the medicine. In particular, due to thousands of years of medical development and evolution, regional cultural differences and language variations exist which, while providing a richness and diversity to the TCM terminology system, creates standardization problems with the modernization of this classical medical modality, especially when compared to Western medical systems [11], which also experience similar vocabulary issues. On top of this, the use of natural herbal medicinal and other applications such as acupuncture are widely viewed as experimental by the Western scientific community, due, in part, to the individualistic nature in which such modalities are prescribed to human beings. Moving forward, a shift in research ideology will be required, gravitating away from controlled clinical trials to big data based, informationrich experiments with IRR at its core and mobile technologies as a means to collect large volumes of TCM data in a quantitative manner. To identify research opportunities and challenges that may exist in the design and implementation of a TCM-based diagnostic and medical recommendation system, the purpose of this work is to perform a bibliometric analysis with data visualizations related to IRR and TCM, particularly through author, paper, and co-word analysis, so as to better understand the conceptual structure of the field.

Materials and Methods

Scopus® (http://www.scopus.com), considered by some to be the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, including scientific journals, books and conference proceedings, was initially searched on October 9, 2019 and again on November 16, 2019 for all citations with the Boolean string [(“Chinese medicine”) AND (“information retrieval”) OR (“information representation”)] located in the article title, abstract, or keywords. The results of the search revealed 192 documents for the period 1985-2020; a BibTeX export file was saved and read into R, a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics (http://www.r-project.org), using bibliometrix [12], a tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. The function *readFiles* was initially used to create a single large character vector; this object was then converted into a data frame using the function *convert2df*, with cases corresponding to manuscripts and variables to field tags in the original export file, comprising all bibliographic attributes of each document based on Clarivate Analytics WoS Field Tag codified industry standards [13]. During data cleansing, four entries were removed from the data frame due to a lack of author and other document information: three represented conference proceeding introductions and a fourth represented an introductory chapter on semantic grid applications for traditional Chinese medicine.

Results and Discussion

Descriptive analysis

To begin, a descriptive analysis was performed on the bibliographic data frame using the function *biblioAnalysis*; a display of the main results are included in Table 1. A total of 188 documents from 105 sources and 899 author appearances were noted, including a collaboration index of 2.49. Figure 1 illustrates/+*-*/-*//-+ `` of publications per year for the collection period 1985-2020; one large spike occurs in 2006 (28 citations) which continues into 2008, followed by a dip and then another, slower increase cumulating in 2017. This trend mirrors publications on IRR in general, which also peaks in 2006, according to Scopus, representing the maturation of computer browsing and the initial transition to mobile smart devices.

Table 2 contains the top 10 most cited papers in the collection, with Kanehisa M, et al. [14] having been cited over 1,500 times for their work in Japan on computerizing disease information using pathway maps, all Japanese drugs (including every TCM herbal formula), and gene/molecule lists. The second most-cited paper, Tang JL, et al. [15], represents one of the oldest papers in the current collection and is a summary of issues relating to randomized controlled trials in TCM, specifically: lack of blinding; low sample sizes; using another, unproven TCM treatment as the control; not long-term in nature; incompleteness; lack of quantitative data; missing intention to treat; lack of data on baseline characteristics or side effects; short reporting; and presence of publication bias. The third most-cited paper [16], was published in an American Heart Association journal and concludes, in similar fashion, the insufficiency of TCM evidence in using herbal medicinal for stroke patients, due to bias from poor methodology, even though the agents used appeared to be potentially beneficial and nontoxic in nature. The fourth document with the most citations [17] discusses newly published guidelines and technical notes by the European Union, in collaboration with Chinese scientists, to encourage good practice in the collection, assessment, and publication of TCM literature. The fifth most-cited document [18] reviews advances in automated tongue diagnosis, a key requirement for the accurate gathering of quantitative data, while the sixth most-cited document [19] discusses the development of ontology for TCM IRR. Fang YC, et al. [20] and Qiao X, et al. [21] both discuss the creation of TCM databaes, while Wojcikowski K, et al. [22] again point to difficultie with randomized controlled trials in TCM, particularly relating to the use of herbal medicinals in the treatment of kidney disorders. The tenth most-cited document [23] concludes that text mining of TCM literature and clinical data carries with it the potential to clarify misunderstandings, but clear operational definitions are first required.

Table 3 lists total citations by country, along with average article citations; Japan leads this metric due to the Kanehisa M, et al. [24] document noted above, with China positioned strongly behind with 865 total citations. As expected, over 50% of the top 10 countries are located in Asia; the United States remains far behind in this research area with only 10 total citations related to one published article. Table 4 illustrates the top author countries in the collection, with China strongly in the lead with 109 articles (a frequency of 0.76224) – additionally, 89% of these articles (97) are considered single country publications. Given the nature of this data, TCM and IRR research in the East has been mainly conducted as single country publications (China, Hong Kong, Korea, and Japan) while Australia, Canada, and Germany research has been more multicountry in nature.

Table 5 lists the top 10 most productive authors in the collection, based on both number of published articles (full counting) and number of published articles fractionalized (which assigns coauthored publications a fraction of one to each of the co-authors); studies have illustrated that, oftentimes, fractional counting offers a more useful perspective than full counting, especially as a means to avoid misunderstanding or misinterpretation [25]. Fractionalized counting does not affect the most productive author (Zhang Y) but does shift the order of the others slightly and results in the appearance of one new author (Xiong X) in the top 10.

Figure 2 applies the *authorProdOverTime* function on the collection to calculate and visualize the production of these top 10 authors over time, in terms of number of publications and total citations per year, for the period 1985-2020. This illustration clearly depicts the top producing author (Zhang Y) as covering both a wide period (2005-2019) along with more recent proliferation, oftentimes as a co-author, as noted by the number of articles fractionalized (2.09). Other authors with more recent production include Yu T (8 overall publications), Li J and Wang Y (6 overall publications each), and Liu L (5 overall publications).

Table 6 contains the top 10 most frequent journals, based on number of published articles in the collection – led by the Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation with 25 articles and followed by Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine with 11 publications. However, it is important to also look at this data from the perspective of number of documents published annually; this information for each of the top five sources is visualized in Fig. 3 using the function *sourceGrowth*, which illustrates that the Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation was only in existence from 2002-2006. Since then, four newer journals have increased their publication rate, particularly Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, which is second in number of articles but clearly the leading publication in this field, particularly as the journal currently holds an h-index of 72 and sits as the sixth ranked journal in complementary and alternative medicine [26].

Table 4: Top 10 corresponding author’s countries.

Table 5: Top 10 Most productive authors.

Table 6: Top 10 Most frequent journals.

Table 7: Top 10 Most frequent keywords.

Table 8: Historiograph legend.

Table 7 contains the top 10 most frequent keywords using two keyword variations: authors’ keywords, as specifically selected by each author, and keywords-plus, which are those keywords extracted from the publication by Scopus’ database algorithms. The results vary, with keywords-plus identifying many more in common across the collection – for example, information retrieval was only selected by seven authors as a keyword but appears 173 times as a keywords-plus. Overall, while keywords-plus is as effective as authors’ keywords in terms of bibliometric analysis investigating the knowledge structure of a particular field, it is often less comprehensive in representing an article’s specific content [27]. However, within this collection, the use of keywords-plus may lead to a greater understanding than simply using those keywords identified by the authors, due to the increased volume and commonality of terms; this is particularly evident in Figure 4a and Figure 4b, which clearly illustrate greater and more prolific growth of keyword-plus over time, as compared to authors’ keywords.

Network visualizations

To summarize the activity of top authors, journals and keywords presented below, Figure 5 employs the *threeFieldsPlot* function to generate a Sankey diagram that visualizes multiple attributes at the same time; top authors on the left, top author keywords in the center, and major cited references on the right. The width of the bands is linearly proportional to frequency, and the size of the boxes correspond to overall production.

Figure 6 visualizes scientific collaboration networks in and across countries using the *biblioNetwork* function to develop each matrix and the *networkPlot* function to illustrate it. A sphere layout is used with the size of the sphere correlating to overall production, lines density relating to collaboration strength, and color relating to the nature of the collaboration. As expected, the majority of research is clustered in and around China, particularly with Western countries, while six additional countries are illustrated as working independently (Taiwan, Brazil, Japan, Spain, Hungary, and Korea). The main collaboration networks, however faint, are represented by Germany-United Kingdom-China, USACanada- China, and Singapore-China, based on the density of the lines.

Figure 7 depicts a word co-occurrence network that maps and clusters terms extracted from author abstracts. The *termExtraction* function was first used with word stemming to gather this information from the textual abstract field of each manuscript. In this visualization, TCM stands alone at the bottom left in its relation to the larger clusters of information science (red), herbology (green), and biomedicine (blue). Similarly, Figure 8 illustrates author keyword co-occurrences, which follows a similar pattern as to the extracted words from the author abstracts but, due to each individual author’s knowledge of the work during the keyword selection process, this visualization displays in a more orderly fashion, showing a logical progression from TCM, through a main section of information retrieval, to herbology, and ultimately across to Western biomedicine.

Visualizing influential papers

In each and every scientific field, a number of publications play influential roles in its evolution; these articles and their impacts can be accelerating factors in research development [28]. It is therefore important to identify and visualize the most influential articles on TCM and IRR published between 1985 and 2020, in order to better understand the nature and chronology of the field through its key authors, papers, and subjects. Using the *histNetwork* function, we created a historical citation network from the collection, using a minimum number of one global citation for the documents included in the analysis (see Table 8 for legend). We then employed the *histPlot* function to plot the historical co-citation network in the style of Garfield [29], using both local and total citation distributions; nodes displayed in Fig. 9 identify the thirty two specific articles identified in the collection and sort the main bibliography in ascending order by year. Each circle represents a paper, and arrows, pointing from one node to the next (usually to an older paper), indicates the citation relationship between these key works.

In the historiograph for TCM and IRR, the paper by Tang JL, et al. [30] serves as the first work noted and surveyed the efficacy of randomized controlled trials in TCM literature; this spurned a line of research (highlighted in blue) extending to Flower A, et al. [31] who advocated for the Delphi method, Sampson M, et al. [32] who searched for additional databases to identify more successful controlled trials, and Jiang M, et al. [33] who evaluated evidencebased literature for TCM diagnosis and knowledge discovery.

The second and most dominant area of research in Figure 9 (highlighted in red) focuses on TCM information databases and begins with Chang IM [34] who investigated anti-aging and healthpromoting elements derived from traditional herbal remedies found in the Traditional Oriental Medicine Database, leading to future research by Boehm K, et al. [35], who provided an overview of 45 published database resources for complementary and alternative medicine. Bensoussan A, et al. [36] established research goals for the search and retrieval of scientific evidence regarding the toxicity of Chinese herbal medicine, which contributed to Wang JF, et al. [37] and the construction of a TCM information database. Qiao X, et al. [38] created a structured database of components extracted from TCM herbs, while Zhou X, et al. [39] wrote an influential paper (5 local citations) that used ontology to construct a unified TCM language system for information retrieval and integration. This led to Zhou X, et al. [40], which investigated research issues regarding TCM text mining, You M, et al. [41], who developed an intelligent system for customized clinical TCM case management and analysis, Wan H, et al. [42], who constructed a heterogeneous factor graph model for extracting relations from TCM literature, and Yu T, et al. [43], who utilized semantic web technologies to build cross-cultural communication between TCM and Western medicine.

A third, smaller research group in Fig. 9 (highlighted in green) begins with Ka WF [56], who introduced journals and other TCM research materials available online and May BH, et al. [57], who searched English and Chinese databases to review the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicines for use in the treatment of cognitive and memory impairment. These two works led to additional research by May BH, et al. [58], comparing and evaluating published TCM collections for research and drug discovery searches, and May BH, et al. [59], who searched a database of over 1,000 classical and pre-modern TCM texts for the treatment of memory impairment. A fourth research group was also mapped on the historiograph (highlighted in purple) relating to difficulties in drawing clinical conclusions in the treatment of specific Western medicine disorders with TCM: Xiong X [60] reviewed an article on randomized controlled trials for the treatment of cardiovascular disease with TCM, while Xiong X, et al. [61] researched the clinical effects of a TCM herbal decoction in the treatment of hypertension. A fifth and final research group (highlighted in yellow), albeit small, begins late and relates to the standardization of TCM: Liu YQ, et al. [62] focused on standards and proposals established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which Yoon SH, et al. [63] built from this to investigate the pros and cons of proposing standard terminology for acupotomy, a treatment modality which involves the use of both an acupuncture needle and a surgical scalpel. These five pathways of research in TCM and IRR help illustrate both the research difficulties in the field as well as opportunities in the treatment of specific diseases and the construction of modern databases and ontologies for the future use of this medical modality.

Visualizing the conceptual structure of the field

Multiple correspondence analysis is an exploratory multivariate technique that allows for the graphical and numerical analysis of the patters in relationships of categorical dependent variables, such as keywords [64]. We used the *conceptualStructure* function to draw a conceptual map of the field using keywords-plus with a maximum of five clusters and no stemming. Results are interpreted based on the relative position of the points and their distribution across the dimensions; as words are more similar in distribution, the closer they are represented in Figure 10. According to Cuccurullo C, et al. [65], map data can be translated as follows: point size is proportional to the keyword’s absolute contribution; proximity between keywords corresponds to shared substance, or lack thereof; and the dimensions of the map reflect characteristic poles of topical orientation within TCM and IRR, with the middle of the map representing the average position of all the articles and thus the center of the research field.

Cluster one (highlighted in red) resides in the top right quadrant and contains keywords from articles that relate to the use of TCM herbs and natural substances as viable treatment options for both acute and chronic diseases. Cluster two (highlighted in blue) is the largest, residing in the middle and bottom center of the map; it contains keywords from articles that relate to the design of databases and retrieval systems for scientific TCM medical literature (including Zhou X, et al. [66]). The third cluster (highlighted in green), resides center left and contains keywords from articles specific to TCM diagnosis, ontology, and data mining. Cluster four (highlighted in purple) resides in the lower right quadrant and contains keywords from articles relating to the success, or lack thereof, of evidence-based research and TCM, particularly as it pertains to clinical trials. Cluster five (highlighted in orange) resides in the top left-center quadrant and contains keywords from articles relating to the representation of TCM information in IRR systems.

From this conceptual structure analysis, one can see that the first dimension of published research extends horizontally from theoretical on the left to experimental on the right. The second dimension, extending vertically, defines published works and their keywords over a spectrum ranging from technical on the top to clinical on the bottom. There are clear research gaps in the upper and lower left quadrants, indicating that more scientific research is required to ground both clinical and technical IRR work in TCM theory – an area we know is sorely lacking at the time, due to the fact that TCM is an individualized medicine, treating each patient according to their specific pattern of disharmony, gleaned from information gathered mainly, at this point, through quantitativelybased examinations performed by human beings. As a result, a great portion of research exists on the right side of the map that is considered, according to Western biomedicine, to be experimental in nature – namely Chinese herbal pharmaceutical medicine, its integration with biomedicine, and the lack of success to date with measuring TCM treatment outcomes and drug efficacy in controlled trials. This map, therefore, charts the course for where future research should be headed as it relates to TCM and IRR – to employ new research paradigms and instruments, namely big data analytics and IoT technologies, to merge Eastern and Western medicine together, in a translational way, so as to better understand the nature of disease progression and its effects on the body.

Conclusion

It may be time for the broad discipline of information studies to come out of its proverbial shell; in the future of both Samsung [67] and Sinclair DA, et al. [68], as our lives become monitored, accentuated and refined as a means to achieve a new state of existence, behind and underneath it all will be a vast, universallyencompassing network of medical IRR systems. Such structures have already begun to take shape in other areas of existence: industry is refining algorithms that learn our preferences, activities, motives, and bioactivities; cars have begun to program themselves to reach destinations; drivers are learning where passengers are headed, before they actually meet them; and music is constantly indexed and streamed around the world across language and culture. These systems all require underlying IRR architecture so that the consumer, the device, the network, and the provider can communicate digitally, behind the scenes, in a grand dance of capitalistic-driven mobile technology. However, by applying these conceptual structures to problems like ancient TCM practitioners faced but with new goals of health and well-being over profit and market share, one could only image if, in the future, through a combination of TCM and IRR, we might be able to one day think out at least half of our medical problems. Such a vision is worth pursuing, particularly in times where many diseases, especially chronic ones like obesity and mental illness, appear to be on the upswing. Further TCM research is therefore warranted, particularly with respect to IRR as it relates to grounding modern research, both clinical and technical, with classical theory. In the style of Jim Gray’s vision of scientific discovery, driven by the collection, analysis, and comprehension of digital data by an ever-increasing interdisciplinary community of both professional and citizen-like scientists alike [69], perhaps the future of TCM lies in a big data design and deployment methodology with a new medical IRR at its core that is translational in nature, reducing health care costs and improving medical outcomes worldwide.

To read more about this article: https://irispublishers.com/ojcam/fulltext/visualizing-traditional-chinese-medicine-and-information-representation.ID.000631.php

Indexing List of Iris Publishers: https://medium.com/@irispublishers/what-is-the-indexing-list-of-iris-publishers-4ace353e4eee

Iris publishers google scholar citations:

https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=irispublishers&btnG=

[silentauroriamthereal]

Okay, so this is extremely long, but my good friend @ravenmorganleigh tagged me in this a few days ago, and I would never refuse her. I’ll put most of it under a cut! This was very interesting to answer! 

1. What was your first fic and could you stand to reread it today?

Ooof, that’s a big ask! My very first fic was a Harry/Snape (yes, I know, groan away!) and the fact that I haven’t re-read it in well over a decade is suggestive that I never will, lol. I couldn’t even remember what it was called, so I just looked it up. It’s called Things Change (not linking it, sorry!!) and it was posted on skyehawke.com after fanfiction.net banned me in September of 2004. Lol. It’s still there, along with all of my other Harry Potter fic (of which there is over 1.4 million words).

2. What’s your most recent fic and how far do you think you’ve come?

I just posted Out of the Woods yesterday, which is an intentionally light-hearted story. My last serious one is the one I wrote just before it, The Clouded Eye, and I would say that between these and my earliest stuff, there is a significant gap in quality, yes. :P

3. In your opinion, what’s your best fic?

That’s honestly impossible to say. It depends what you’re judging on. For intricacy of plot, clearly my novel, Against the Rest of the World. For sheer fixing for series 4, which is a herculean task to explain, fill in the gaps logically, and then actually make it palatable, I would give it to the fix-it that most clearly addresses the most issues with series 4 – the Holmes family history, Eurus’ existence in general, Sherlock’s memory problems, Mary’s wholly unbelievable and unsatisfactory death, the practical issues with the entire concept of John and Sherlock having a child at 221B, etc – and that fic is Hell Hath No Fury. It’s a bittersweet ending, and honestly the most realistic I can see after that disastrous series. For sheer levels of how much it explains and delves into, I’m very pleased with it. For depth and intricacy of emotion, my personal vote goes to The Wisteria Tree. For pure porn, it has to be Best of Three. For one of my overall personal favourites, Bridging the Ravine. 

4. In your opinion and without looking at any numbers, what’s your most popular fic?

Far and away it’s Best of Three, which is rapidly closing in on 100,000 hits, probably the only work of mine that will ever achieve this milestone.

Putting the rest under a cut! 

5. Is there any fic that makes you super happy to reread and remember you wrote that?

I’m equally proud of all of my stories, for different reasons.

6. Is there any fic that makes you super embarrassed to reread and remember you wrote that?

Nah. I’m frankly proud of the silly ones and as to the early stuff, everyone has to start somewhere!

7. What’s the fic you most want to continue (unfinished or no)?

I have no unfinished stories at the moment. I just finished one, so I’m officially between projects. That will probably last for all of 2-3 days and then I’ll start something new.

8. What’s the oldest (longest since last update) fic you most want to continue (unfinished or no)?

Not applicable; I always finish my stories.

9. Have you ever written for a fandom without watching/reading/playing the source material?

No, and no offense, but I find that entire concept ridiculous and rather disrespectful to the source material. Even when I disagree with the canon, I have legions of respect for it.

10. Have you ever written for a fandom without reading other fanfic for it?

Yes, I have exactly one Star Wars fic (though I think I took it down for some reason, years ago) and one Lord of the Rings fic, and I still have never read any fic for those fandoms other than my own.

11. Have you ever written a fic for a concept you know someone else has done before? How did it impact your writing process or feelings after posting?

Only once, at least knowingly: after writing three long series 4 fix-it fics (A Case For Domestic Propinquity, Hell Hath No Fury, and From the Bottom of the Well), I decided that I wanted to finally give in and write a well-known trope, and wrote a fake-couple-for-a-case fic (Bridging the Ravine), which is now up there as one of my favourite fics of my own collection. Happily, I have a personal policy that I don’t read other people’s stories while writing my own, as a deliberate attempt to keep myself free of influence. The downside is that I miss out on probably a lot of good fic. For this trope, I’d only ever read one or two stories that would fit that description and they were literal years ago, so I don’t remember any of their details and didn’t want to. I make a pretty strong effort to not just reproduce the same ideas that other people have already done, which is a tricky thing to do in a fandom that has a lot of similar ideas and desires for the final results (aka, Sherlock and John getting together). I really do try very hard, though! This particular story also contains way more original characters than any other I’ve ever written, many of whom have developed enough backstories to work as stand-alone characters in their own stories and I’m proud of that, too! There are 24 in total!

12. Have you ever written a fic and decided never to publish it? Why?

No. There are story ideas I’ve refused to let myself write, though. Or several that I’ve sat on for months in trying to refuse to write, like my first Freebatch fic. I have mixed feelings about Real Person Fic and tried very hard to suppress the urge to write The A.G.R.A. Complex, and managed to keep myself from doing it for nine months. But then I caved. For the few I’ve refused to write, either it’s been because the concept itself made me sad, or it centred around an unpopular sexual kink, or some other reason like that. But generally, if I want to write something, I’ll just write it, and if I write it, I’ll post it.

13. What’s the biggest change between your style when you started in fandom and today?

I wouldn’t say that there’s been a huge change. I wrote more chaptered stories in the beginning, but I’m very busy and the stress of updating regularly is too much for me right now. I found my stride in the long novella. I strongly prefer the single-chapter format, but if it’s over 40,000 words, I’ll make myself break it up into chapters. The last WIP I posted as I wrote it was Against the Rest of the World, which I wrote over four months in the fall of 2013, leading up to the release of series 3 – in fact, I finished it two days before TEH aired! I was updating on average every six days, and some of those chapters were over 10,000 words long. It was a strain to keep it up, honestly – it meant that I was writing around the clock, day and night. It was the first thing I would do in the morning and the last thing I would do at night. I would come home on breaks at work to write, or take my laptop with me. I lived and breathed that story for four months. It’s told in first person voice (Sherlock’s POV), too, so it meant that I had Sherlock’s voice in my head at all times for four months. I missed him when it was over.

14. What’s the biggest change in your taste between when you started in fandom and today?

I wouldn’t say that there’s been one. I’m always trying to go further and further into the characters, their feelings, their experiences, and relate them so that the reader can ideally not just watch the story unfolding, but feel everything that the POV character is feeling at the same time. One can always go deeper, and I will never stop trying. Obviously different stories call for a heavier or lighter touch that way, but you get the drift.

15. Have you ever purposefully written one fandom/fic idea over another because you knew it’d be more popular?

No. I write the stories that come to me. I never write aiming for popularity. Though of course, I paradoxically always hope that my stories will be! But I never think, “Hmm, what would the fandom market really go for?” I just write the stories that I feel I need to tell.

16. Have you ever stopped writing a fic/for a fandom because it wasn’t receiving enough attention?

Never. I think that’s lame.

17. In your opinion, what’s your most overrated fic?

My most popular, Best of Three! Similar to Bridging the Ravine, I wrote this one after I’d written my initial big trio of series 3 fix-it fics (Deductions of a Lesser Mind, Act IV, and Vena Cava), and just needed to take a break and write something lighter. I wrote the entire thing in under 24 hours. I get why it’s popular – the combination of humour, sheer smut, nod to The Three Garridebs, and then the twist of romance at the end is a fairly unbeatable combination, but at the time I was indignant by its popularity, honestly! I’ve written many, many better, less popular stories. What can you do? Over time, I’ve stopped being exasperated and just rejoiced in Best of Three’s popularity.

18. What’s your most underrated fic?

Ha! That’s so subjective! I really can’t answer that. Instead, I’ll just list some stories of mine that I’ve been very proud of and sometimes wish people would read more: Hell Hath No Fury (again, very proud of this one for its sheer amount of fixing), A Satellite Out of Orbit (this is a companion story to Where My Demons Hide that features Sherlock’s visits to Ella, set just before and during TLD, but also extending to after the point where the original story stops – not compliant with TFP, as both stories were written before it aired, but I’m still proud of them both!), Munich (probably less read because it’s an established relationship, which tends to be less popular), The Legacy of Martha J. Hudson (this one is SUPER sad and I’m not surprised that people have shied away from it, but I still think it’s worth the read! Good for when you need a cry? Because, as the title heavily implies, Mrs Hudson dies in it), Pater Noster (a rather dark fix-it, wherein Mary’s first job was to kill John’s father – I was looking for a reason that Mary thought that John really wouldn’t love her anymore that was that much worse than her trying to kill Sherlock!), The Final Proof (this is even sadder than the Mrs Hudson story – it’s a retirement fic wherein Sherlock dies, then John dies at the end, too. Everyone who has read it has cried (seriously, like 98%) but also said that they found it really beautiful, so - ?). 

19. If you had to pick one fic/scene/chapter of your work to describe your entire portfolio to a stranger, which would you pick?

Well, that’s easy! (Note: it’s not!) Possibly Vena Cava.

20. Have/Would you ever rewrite a fic? If yes, would you take the original down?

No, I wouldn’t rewrite a fic. What’s done is done. Although there are always the typos I missed the first time around. :P

21. If someone starts kudosing and commenting your fics in a spree and has a few works of their own, would you go look through theirs?

Only if I weren’t working on something of my own at the time, which almost never happens. What I really don’t like is when someone reads something of mine and then obligates me to then read something of theirs in turn. It makes me uncomfortable and I find it a bit rude. When I discover that a regular commenter also writes, then I will often make an effort to seek out their work when I’m between stories, but I hate having it pushed on me.

22. Has there ever been anyone who’s made you freak out because they read your work and followed/favorited/reviewed?

Yes, but not in this fandom.

23. What’s the nicest review you’ve ever gotten?

Impossible to say. I’ve been graced with some of the best, most thoughtful readers/commenters in the universe!!

24. What’s the meanest review you’ve ever gotten? Do you think the reviewer intended it?

I don’t like to focus on these, but I’ve received numerous death threats for my portrayals of Mary, especially back in 2014 (the year series 3 aired) when even Johnlockers still liked her. That only changed within the past year or two! Disliking Mary was an extremely unpopular stance at first. I received a number of these as comments on stories, particularly after I disabled anonymous asks here on tumblr. For a long time, one specific Mary stan kept on reading my stuff and leaving me hate. I really wondered why they kept reading my stuff when it obviously was never going to be what they wanted to see. Note to haters out there: that’s a piss poor persuasion technique. As to my writing itself, no, not really. When I started writing fanfic in 2004, in the world of Harry Potter, one of the worst things a reviewer could call a fic was “fluffy”. The meaning of this term has changed significantly in the past 14 years, but what it meant then was that it was a story seriously lacking in real substance, OOC as hell, and badly written. While these days it tends to me “romantic, light-hearted, heart-warming, sweet”, etc, it still makes me wince any time someone calls a story of mine “fluffy” for that reason.

25. What constructive criticism, however well-meaning, always makes you feel bad when you see it in a review?

I wouldn’t say that there’s one aspect that gets commented on in a regular way. Though @totallysilvergirl beta-read my novel and pointed out a specific thing I do in terms of sentence structure, but it never made me feel badly to have it pointed out.

26. What aspect of your writing do you most enjoy to see praised?

I’m always glad to hear when someone liked the main POV, and I tend to get that compliment the most when it’s a Sherlock POV. I’m also always pleased when people comment on how much a story made them feel – that’s really what I’m going for! Also, in Against the Rest of the World, I spent hours and hours on background research – locations in particular, but also things like local architecture, shipping routes and times, flight times, time zones, language, etc, so I’m always pleased when someone comments on that level of detail in that story.

27. If you could only ever write crossovers or single-fandom fics ever again, which would you pick?

Single fandom, all the way. I’m not a fan of crossovers or AU’s. I’ve written exactly two crossovers in my time. One was a Harry/Draco story in which Draco nominates Harry for the old TLC show What Not To Wear, to Harry’s fury. I had fun with that. The other, and this is pure crack now, was one of my earliest stories, a Darth Vader/Voldemort crossover. Though it isn’t actually a crossover, as DV was Harry in Polyjuice. It was very silly.

28. if you could only ever write for a single crossover or a single fandom again, which would you pick?

Single fandom, again.

29. Does the division of your writing across fandoms line up with your reading? What’s the biggest discrepancy?

Not applicable here; I only write for one fandom at a time. JKR turned me off Harry Potter with the ridiculous epilogue on book 7 and then her attempts to include more “canon” information in her interviews. It annoyed me hugely – but mostly it was the epilogue, which was (deliberately, most of us thought at the time) extremely difficult to write around, though I tried it for a few stories. When I finished that (my last HP story was posted in 2010, but it had been a year since the one prior), I thought I was finished with writing and with fandoms in general. Then I discovered Benedict Cumberbatch in May of 2013, and through him, Sherlock. By the time I was on ASIB, I knew with a sinking feeling that I was simply going to have to write this fandom, too. Lol. I posted the first chapter of my first fic on June 15th, 2013.

30. Do you continue to write for a fandom after you’ve moved on or do you focus solely on the new one?

History would show that I focus strictly on the new one. The only exceptions to strictly Sherlock have been my four Freebatch stories (The A.G.R.A. Complex, Having Your Cake, Always Through the Changing, and A Room with a View).

31. Who’s the one character you’ve just never managed to get perfectly right?

No one, I hope. I’ve written a large number of the characters in the Sherlock universe, including (in approximate order of frequency): Sherlock, John, Mycroft, Lestrade, Mary, Molly, Janine, Ella, Mrs Hudson, and Sally Donovan. Sherlock and John are my favourites to write, Mary and Molly my least favourites.

32. Who’s the one character who shines without you even trying?

Sherlock, absolutely. He’s where my heart lives. That said, some of my favourite stories of my own are John POV’s.

33. Is there any particular character whose scenes always wind up being longer/more frequent than you expected? Does the quality hold up?

No.

34. Was there any fic that you wrote that really surprised you in the fandom reaction? Was it just by the numbers or did they take it an entirely different way?

The first time I wrote a Mary POV (Moving on/Making do), I was honestly afraid that I’d made her too relatable, too likeable, but the people who read the story still disliked her. Ha! And again, the sheer popularity of Best of Three always surprised me.

35. Have you ever written a ship into a fic without meaning to?

Yes, I never meant to ship Harry/Draco, but it just happened.

36. Have you ever sincerely written a ship you do not support into a fic?

Yes, for the necessity of canon compliancy, I’ve written John/Mary, which I loathe.

37. Have you ever purposefully bashed a character/ship in a fic?

No. I do my very best to portray the characters as I see them in canon. There are definitely people who would said that I have bashed Mary in my stories, and I respectfully and thoroughly disagree. Mary is canonically: an assassin who killed for the highest bidder, meaning that she killed without principle, for nothing other than money. Personal gain. Gross. She’s also someone who cut and run, leaving at least half of her team alive to be killed or tortured without even checking to see if there was any possibility of rescuing them. She displayed the same urge to run away and leave John behind later, too. I find this distasteful and cowardly in the extreme. On top of this, she canonically gaslights and belittles John, which is emotionally abusive behaviour, yet “playfully” insults both him and Sherlock on an ongoing basis (“I’m not John; I can tell when people are lying” – two insults with one comment!). She displays incredible entitlement after she attempts to murder John’s best friend and doesn’t seem to think that she should need to apologise for what she did, nor that John had the right to be incredibly angry with her over it. She also showed zero signs of remorse for any of her behaviour, past or present – lying to John, anything and everything she did in her deeply criminal past, etc. When people comment and say, “I loved your evil Mary!”, my typical response is “do you mean canon!Mary?” because that’s all I’ve ever tried to write. The ONE exception I will make here is my story Scars, which is a deliberate attempt to extrapolate from Mary’s canonical gaslighting and show where that behaviour typically leads. I did my homework and consulted two therapists who work specifically with men who have been abused by women for this story, and both confirmed that they saw Mary’s behaviour as gaslighting and abusive, too. I wrote this story partly to combat the then-popular notion that Mary and John displayed “playful banter” or “bickering” at the beginning of HLV, when I saw it as clearly one-sided and not at all playful. I still don’t consider this “bashing”, however.

38. Have you ever purposefully written something you know your readers would find uncomfortable/would not enjoy? If yes, why?

Yes, the above story. Why? Because it was a story I felt had to be told. Also: The Final Proof (the one where Sherlock dies of old age), which I knew would make people cry. Again: I write what the muses prompt me to write!

39. Do you consider yourself to have a readership?

Yes, I’m very lucky to have a huge readership and it’s wonderful! (Thank you!!!!!) I don’t have any specifics on the numbers in this fandom, but when I was writing HP fic, someone wrote her doctoral dissertation on HP fanfic and she collected stats from the various archives that were active at the time, then contacted the twenty most read authors in the fandom. To my shock at the time, I was apparently the eighth most read author in the slash fandom (male/male fic), though I was far from being the eighth most popular!! She estimated my readership at close to 200,000 readers. This was HP, though, the biggest fandom in history. I don’t imagine that my readership is anywhere near that here in Sherlock-land.

40. Do you feel like you put out enough content?

Um, yes. I’m now close to 1.9 million words over 78 stories. I write constantly, when I have the time to do so. Occasionally a commenter will say something like, “write more, please!” and while I know it’s meant as encouragement, it can also feel slightly exasperating. I honestly don’t see how I could humanly be producing MORE. But I try. :P

41. If you cross-post your fics on multiple sites, do you have a favorite? Are there certain fics you would only post on certain site?

I only use ao3 these days.

42. How many views has your most popular fic gotten?

As I said, Best of Three is closing in on 100,000 hits now.

43. Your least popular?

My least-read story would have to be my most recently posted, which I wouldn’t consider my least popular by a long shot. That’s honestly difficult to identify because of course one has to consider the length of time a story has been posted. It’s not fair to consider a story posted yesterday against a story that’s been up for four years. But the newest story has about 2,000 hits at the moment.

44. Do you follow/favorite/kudos/comment/review more stories than you have received?

Thanks to my readership, I don’t think that would be possible.

45. If you had to call yourself an author of a single genre (besides fanfic) what label would you give yourself?

I really only have one major work that isn’t fanfic, which is the original novel that I’m still working on getting published (and by “still working on”, I mean that I haven’t had time to work on this since July or so, whoopsie). Its technical genre definition is spy thriller, so let’s go with that! It’s loosely based on Against the Rest of the World with a dash of Vena Cava, a spy thriller with a gay romantic subplot.

46. Do you consider yourself a diverse author?

Yes. While my stories typically come to a similar result, I think they all get there in noticeably different ways! I’ve written amnesia, hurt/comfort, disability, many different character POV’s, gentle romances, heavy angst, deathfic, retirement fic, thrillers, fix-its, addiction (more in HP), magic (HP again), long novels, short sketches, character sketches, silly stuff, dark stuff. If you look at my stories chronologically, you will see a pattern of dark-light-dark-light – if I’ve just written a heap of angst, I’ll typically switch it up and write something lighter, or a different character voice, or a completely new idea (such as the Mary/Molly pairing in The Clouded Eye), etc. I do try to keep it fresh!

47. If someone you know in real life who isn’t involved in fandoms asked to read your work, would you let them? If yes, what would you recommend they read first?

Only if they were already familiar with the canon and open to reading graphic male/male sex, and that limits most of the population that isn’t already in the fandom.

48. Does anyone you know from outside of fandom know you write fanfic? Are they involved in the same fandom too?

A few people know. I’m very careful about who I tell.

49. Has anyone in your life ever read your fanfic just because you wrote it?

My mother. :) She reads all of my stories. We have a very good relationship!

50. Has writing fanfic had a significant impact on your life? Would you say it’s entirely positive?

Yes, it’s had a huge impact on my life. It’s been my secret other life since 2004, with a 3-4 year hiatus in there. Sometimes the drama gets to be a bit much, but the creative outlet of writing and the joy of sharing the love for these characters with a whole universe of other people is just unbeatable.



[alishbakhanus]

Bride wedding pictures: ideas, accessories and descriptions

Marriage is not only a wonderful event in a couple’s life, but it is also a big issue that is related to solving organizational problems. To prepare for the celebration, you need to plan the design of the hall, make plans for related things, and complete many other tasks.

First of all, the newlyweds need to create a harmonious wedding image. To solve the problem that there are only positive emotions, it is better to seek help from a specialist. A professional stylist will not only tell you some relevant ideas, but also be fun, calm and set in a positive way. However, so that the wedding image does not disappoint the newlyweds, they need to contribute to the desired choice.

Rias

Appropriate make-up options allow you to create an original wedding look. According to experts, this task is one of the most difficult to prepare for a wedding celebration. After all, the master does not have the opportunity to fix the flaws of makeup. In addition, the bride should look perfect on the day.

Don’t allow the bride’s image to look different in individual photos. Thus, when the call stylist, suggested making a sketch join indication in the evening and daytime.

Only an experienced makeup professional knows how to create the perfect wedding look for a bride, combining romance, beauty, femininity and quality together.

Hairstyle choices for brides

When choosing a hairstyle for a wedding, the bride should pay attention to several points:

The hair collected through deductions or with good style to attract the attention of other people about the features that bright. Therefore, this option is considered the most optimal for girls with beautiful cheeks, small nose, full lips and expressive expression.

The brides are better off to give them a long hairstyle or long hair.

Longer or spraying the facial contours visually allows to create a hairstyle with a curl shape that is placed in large waves. The same effect is created by a haircut with a geometrically verified strand with asymmetrical bangs.

Decoration

To create a wedding image, you need to choose jewelry, especially focusing on your taste and preferences. If a dress with a chosen packaging is chosen for a wedding ceremony, then you can reduce the use of jewelry to a minimum or even without makeup.

For a slightly modest dress with a classic style is better to choose the original necklace, beautiful earrings, one or more bracelets. The main thing is that everything looks harmonious and moderate.

Complementing a wedding image with the help of jewelry, it should not follow the signs of society. After all, they are generally openly contradictory. The choice should be made on jewelry or jewelry that can be decorated and better emphasize the style of fashion design.

Foot clothes

If the bride chooses to wear a classic white dress, it is better that the shoes are a suitable shade. The bride’s wedding image can be formed by looking for shoes to a regular store that has nothing to do with a wedding salon. Thus, you can choose not only a better option, but also save significantly. Naturally, you don’t have to buy cheap shoes frankly with lots of flowers or rhinestones that aren’t ridiculous. Conversely, you should be given a better, simplest, and elegant version of the same option.

It is advisable to choose comfortable shoes to form a wedding image. After all, the bride is only obliged to enjoy every moment of the wedding, without feeling uncomfortable.

Another important point is the choice of high heels. Of course the growth of the bride does not exceed the growth of the bride. Otherwise, the picture of the girl looks too big. To solve the problem of wearing a lush or long dress allows replacing the shoes with beautiful ballet shoes, which can be used as shoes to change at the most important time of the celebration.

Change the bride

Probably the easiest way to prepare for the celebration is to choose a wedding dress. The images offered by several specialty salons are colorful. Another is the choice of suitable attire for the groom.

The wedding image of the husband and daughter should look harmonious. Otherwise, the dress with the barber is higher than the shirt and top, as well as the dress of the future wife and also the dress of the other men who have been present at the event.

Finally, the groom’s suit should fit perfectly. Therefore, this time should be given more attention in the formation of the image.

Style clothing men

Is it better to give preference to a classic dress, form a wedding image of the bride, or is it better to be modern? The man who does not ban, traditions and stereotypes should watch avant-garde clothing. Fortunately, now, the combination in the image of cleaning jackets and trousers of various textures and shades.

However, the classics still don’t stop to dominate. The classic dress gives the pants a very wide fit. But there are many variations of the upper part of the coat: tailcoats, frock jackets, tuxedos, three-piece vests, double-breasted jackets and single jackets.

To choose an image that suits the groom, sometimes it is enough to turn to the following general options:

A classic coat is a perfect solution for a wedding.

Tailcoat – allows you to add a romantic note to the image.

Tuxedo – gives a special elegance to man, contributes to the creation of a magnificent image.

Surtur is a suitable solution for organizing a rich wedding ceremony in a noble style.

Casual is the style that has the greatest freedom to choose. Typically, it includes combining a fashionable T-shirt with a classic jacket or an original shirt with fashionable trousers. This option is ideal if you need to create a minimalist festive mood.

Tips for cleaning

To choose a wedding that suits the bride better, it is necessary to use some recommendations. First of all, you don’t have to chase fashion. Answer: The main thing is to choose the costume that best suits the groom.

Jackets that are given buttons don’t have to wrinkle at the back and shoulders. The fabric should fit perfectly, without creating wrinkles. When trying the setting, you should bend your elbows, spread them on both sides, sit in a chair. This makes it last to make sure that during the event no one is interfering with the movement. At the same time, the collar of the jacket should not be brushed, and the shirt and tie should be attached to the neck.

If the jacket is good in the shoulder area, but does not fit in the waist, it is better to consider the option in full, but the same size. Separately from the trousers, it should reach the top of the heel.

Courtesy: most beautiful outdoor wedding venues