#oblong-cordate

[herbalhomies]

Each Part of a Plant and it’s Importance - Leaves

✪ Leaves collect energy from the sun and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into energy for the plant - and oxygen for us.

✪ Leaves are commonly used in the process of plant identification and to differentiate between species.

✪ The shape and texture of a leaf is often representative of its adaptation over time to suit its surroundings. For example, Rosemary leaves are thin with limited surface area which reduces water loss in the heat of its native lands.

✪ The arrangement of leaves up a stem is of great importance in species differentiation as is the form of the leaf.

✪ Leaves may be defined as:

☆ Simple (blades that are not divided into separate leaflets but may be deeply lobed)

☆ Compound (where there are two or more leaflets)

✪ The shape of the leaf is considered. A leaf may be round, oblong, obovate, rounded, linear, lanceolate, elliptic, spatulate, cordate, hastate. 

✪ The margin of the leaf is used to differentiate between plants too. These may be serrated, dentate or spinose.

✪ Peppermint, for example, has sharply toothed serrated, oblong to lanceolate leaves.

✪ Spearmint leaves have rounded edges and the shape is lanceolate.

✪ Some leaves we commonly use as herbal remedies: 

☆ Dandelion leaves ☆ Thyme ☆ The Mints ☆ Birch leaves ☆ Greater and Ribwort Plantain ☆ Comfrey leaves (for external use only) ☆ Downy leaves ☆ Marshmallow (and common mallow) leaves

[cedar-glade]

Pt 1 Violets from recent trip to RRG. 

Violet key features are from Dr. Ballard’s Key. niche are field notes. 

1,2 Viola hastata, halberd leaved violet, a dense shade acidic soil loving species of violet known for noticeable variegation on it’s hasta shaped leaves. (Muir Valley) Rhizome whitish; leaf blades hastate, base subcordate to deeply cordate with basal lobes parallel or divergent; upper surface of leaf blades in life frequently bicolorous, silvery-green between the contrasting darker green veins.

3,4.Viola rostrata, long spurred violet, associated with rockier soils well drained hillsides with richer organic horizons.  Corolla pale-violet with purple-black eyespot; spur 10–15 mm, as long as or longer than blade of bottom petal; all petals glabrous; stipules oblong- to linear-lanceolate, > 3 × as long as broad, weakly lacerate; margins of leaf blade remotely crenate-serrate.(Muir Valley)

(5,6) Split from V. blanda complex Viola incognita, Sweet White Violet, I actually thought this was a depauperate V. blanda honestly, the complex split is a very funny new thing to me so I am glad I take photos of every dang violet I see; Viola blanda looks dang similar morphologically to this but, reading through the new Ohio link key provided me some incite on why I found a V. blanda at the base of a creek; i’ve found this species along sandstone outwashes where falluvium is located and deposited, V. blanda is a mineral soil dweller often at cliff face or cliff break, and on boulders. V. incognita is associated with ericaceous wet/mesic forest basins along washes.( Muir Valley, No BONAP yet). 

Acaulescent stoloniferous perennials from slender rhizome, colonial from surficial stolons produced in summer, stolons naked or with 1 or more leaves along their length and terminating in a plantlet, ≤ 14 cm tall; foliage and peduncles gray-green, upper surface of leaf blades darker than lower, petioles and/or one or both surfaces glabrous or sparsely to moderately hirsute, peduncles often hirsute; stipules free, glandular-fimbriate; leaves ascending or spreading, leaf blades undivided, largest ≤ 61 × 72 mm, ovate to deltate-ovate or reniform, base shallowly and broadly cordate, basal lobes separated and mostly divergent in life, sinus > 1/4 (often > 1/3) length of blade, margins low-serrate, eciliate, apex usually obtuse to broadly rounded (occasionally broadly acute); chasmogamous peduncle held above the leaves; chasmogamous flower ≤ 13 mm long; calyx glabrous, eciliate; lowest sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, narrowly obtuse to rounded; auricles short and entire, not elongating in fruit; corolla white, throat greenish-white; spur short-globose; lateral petals bearded with slightly clavate hairs, spurred petal glabrous; chasmogamous capsule green; cleistogamous flowers produced after chasmogamous, on prostrate peduncle much shorter than petioles and arching upward just before capsule dehiscence; cleistogamous capsule 5–9 mm, green drying tan with purple spots or blotches, glabrous; seeds (1.6)1.9–2.2 × 1.0–1.3 mm long, light to medium brown, unspotted; 2n=44.

  7,8. Viola blanda, small cream violet, Associated mainly with mineral sands, sandstone and karst sands in crevices are usually noted, often higher in elevation from the forest ravine systems like along cliff break and on wet rocky hillsides .  At least some leaf blades broader than long, bicolorous with darker green upper surface and paler lower surface, usually minutely pubescent on one or both surfaces, obtuse to acute (acuminate) at apex, blade margins most often shallowly serrate; cleistogamous capsules with dense fine purple spots, on prostrate to arching peduncles; seeds 1.2–2.2 × 0.7–1.3 mm, brown or brownish-blackish, unspotted Leaves glabrous except for scattered appressed hairs on upper surface of leaf blades, peduncles glabrous; largest leaf blades abruptly acute at apex, inner edges of basal lobes attingent or overlapping in life, sinus < 1/4 length of blade, margins shallowly crenate; petioles and peduncles red-tinged or -spotted; all petals glabrous; cleistogamous capsules 6.5–8 mm long; seeds 1.2–1.3 × 0.7–0.8 mm, brownish-black; Appalachian Mountains and adjacent uplands, common at higher elevations. (Muir Valley)

9,10

Here is one growing in a dolomite section of a closed crag that I was lucky enough to get invited to by my friend Chris who is in the RRGCC 

Part of the headache complex of the tiny purple is it Sororia or something worse complex. Growing in dense shade in mesic woodland mid section of a slope near the Rhododendron maximum on a tertiary ridge. 

Viola hirsutula, southern wood violet, affiliated with dense shade and magnification. 

So hear is the scoop for this species. 

Viola sororia is often confused with this species, however, here are the things to pay close attention to: 

Via Go Botany

Viola sororia :pubescence of leaves variable, but not concentrated on adaxial surface and often found on the petioles, and leaf blades rounded, to more commonly, obtusely to acutely pointed at apex, without purple coloration

 vs. V. hirsutula: with the pubescence of leaves consisting of silver hairs concentrated on the adaxial surface, the abaxial surface and petioles glabrous or nearly so, and leaf blades usually rounded at apex, often suffused with purple. 

Via Ballard Ohio Link Key. 

Acaulescent rosulate perennials from thick rhizome, ≤ 16 cm tall; foliage and peduncles dark green, upper surface of leaf blades light gray- or silvery-green with dark green or reddish-purple veins, lower surface of blades and peduncles often purple tinged, all glabrous except for uniformly distributed conspicuous spreading or erect hairs on upper surface of leaf blades; stipules free, irregularly glandular-fimbriate; leaves spreading to prostrate (commonly lying on substrate during summer fruit), leaf blades undivided, largest ≤ 55 × 45 mm, ovate to suborbicular, base cordate, margins crenate to serrate, eciliate, apex acute to rounded; chasmogamous peduncle held above the leaves; chasmogamous flower ≤ 18 mm; calyx glabrous, eciliate; lowest sepals ovate (uncommonly ovate-lanceolate), obtuse to rounded; auricles short and entire, not elongating in fruit; corolla blue to purple or reddish-purple, throat white; spur short-globose; lateral petals densely bearded with filiform to narrowly linear hairs, spurred petal densely bearded; chasmogamous capsule green; cleistogamous flowers produced after chasmogamous, peduncle initially prostrate but arching just before capsule dehiscence and shorter than petioles; cleistogamous capsule 6.5–12 mm, green drying tan with purple spots or blotches, glabrous; seeds 1.5–2.1 × 1.1–1.4 mm, very light brown to orange-brown, unspotted or with weak to prominent brown streaks and spots; 2n=54.

Affiliated ecology according to Ballard’s key:  Sandy soils on ridgetops, slopes of dry or dry-mesic oak and oak-pine or conifer forests, moist slopes or bottomlands, and clearings in former natural wooded habitats.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294553v1.full (Iridoplasts, stomatal coloration, and light penetration) 

https://people.ohio.edu/ballardh/vgpena/violakeys.htm

^viola and subordinate taxa

Important Jargin word of the day: Acaulescent: means flowers and pedicile or peduncle are not affiliated with leafy stems and arise entirely from the section of the plant appearing at grade/ground. vs, caulescent which arises from a leafy stem above the ground/grade. 

[muskan99654]

Kadukai Soup

Kadukai is a dry fruit that has a botanical name Terminalia chebula. It also has many regional names such as Harad in Hindi, Kadukai in Tamil, Karakkaya in Telugu, and Indian hog plum in English. It originated in India and also distributed idly in China, Nepal, and Srilanka. It is a medium to a large deciduous tree growing to 30 m. the leaves are alternate to sub-opposite in the arrangement. They have an acute tip, cordate at the base, and margins entirely. The fruit is drupe-like, long, and broad with five longitudinal ridges. The flowers are monoecious and have a strong unpleasant odor. Kadukai is used in dry powdered form and has a distinct brownish-black color and oblong shape. 

Kadukai has a high nutritional profile and ample health benefits. It can be consumed as a soup to reap its benefits. Bemarket store contains the instant kadukai soup mix that would help you. 

Types of kadukai

Vijaya

It is used for curing ailments and is found in the Vindhya mountain ranges.

Chetaki

The fruit is mostly used in purgation and it is found in the regions of Himachal Pradesh.

Rohini

The fruits of this type are round in shape. It is used for healing wounds. It is found in the regions of Sindh.

Putna

The fruits of this kadukai are small with big seeds and are used for external applications. It is found in the Himalayan regions.

Jayanti

This tree bears yellow color flowers and is used to cure much disorder. It is found in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. 

Abhaya

The fruit skin of this type is used for treating vision problems and it is 

cultivated in the Champa regions of Chattisgarh. 

Amrita 

It has a thick fruit pulp and is found in the Champa region of Bhagalpur. 

How to consume kadukai?

Kadukai is usually available in powdered form and can be consumed along with warm water or tea.

 In autumn, it is consumed along with honey.

In summer, it is taken with jaggery.

In winters, it is consumed along with ginger and long peppers.

Nutrition in kadukai soup

This kadukai is filled with nutritional compounds such as chebulin,chebulargic, and corilagin. Antioxidants like pyrogallol, ferulic, vanillic, phloroglucinol, and caeffic acid. It also has fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. In addition to this, it also has amino acids, quinine, glucose, and tannins.

Wellness incentives in kadukai soup

Diabetes

Kadukai has an excellent hypoglycemic property that helps to maintain the blood sugar level. On consuming this fruit, the production of insulin becomes active. It reduces the breakdown of starch into glucose. The regular usage of kadukai soup helps to get rid of various diabetic symptoms.

Enhances cognitive functioning

Kadukai soup has brain-boosting properties. The powerful antioxidants and flavonoids help in improving the memory capacity, focus, concentration, alertness, and calmness of an individual.  Consuming this increases reasoning, problem-solving, and other cognitive skills.

Boost sexual health and stamina

One of the significant benefits of kadukai soup improves the sexual health of both males and females. It reduces mental stress, anxiety, and stimulates hormones.

Helps digestion

Kadukai soup is one of the traditional methods of improving gut health.  It helps in treating all kinds of gastrointestinal disorders such as esophagitis, heartburn, diarrhea, flatulence, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, indigestion, constipation, and stomach pain.

Promotes weight loss

Kadukai soup plays a key role in burning excess fat.  It detoxifies the body by removing toxins and reduces hunger. It reduces the accumulation of cholesterol and improves metabolism.

Heals wounds and infections

It has anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal properties that remove the virus and bacteria from the body and heal wounds and infections.

Kadukai is available in various forms as a dried powder or fruit that has countless health benefits. It can be consumed in various seasons with different additives. Kadukai soup is available in the bemarket store made up of high-quality ingredients and no added preservatives. It can be mixed with water and boiled to enjoy the instant kadukai soup.

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[jack-beresford]

Cigar Tree; Northern Catalpa; Hardy Catalpa; Catawba  (Catalpa speciosa)

Mature Size - (40-70′ x 20-50′) Can occasionally grow to 100′ tall.

Shape and Form - Medium to large tree with an irregular, open-rounded to narrow-oval crown.

Growth Habit - Fast growth rate. It is an invasive, weedy tree which escapes cultivation easily. Generally brittle wooded, break-offs are frequent.

Leaves - Broad ovate to ovate-oblong leaves (to 12” long) are pointed at the tips and rounded to cordate at the bases. Leaves are light green to yellow green above and densely pubescent below. Foliage turns an undistinguished yellow in fall. The leaves of this species do not emit an unpleasant aroma when bruised as is the case with the similar southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides).

Flowers - Flowers can be a real showstopper. Bell-shaped, orchid-like white flowers (to 2” long) with purple and yellow inner spotting appear in panicles in late spring. Latin name speciosa means ‘showy’ in reference to the large flowers of the species. Flowers are fragrant. Flowers attract insect pollinators.

Fruit/Seeds - Flowers give way to long slender green seedpods (12-22” long). The seedpods mature in fall to dark brown and then split open lengthwise to release the seeds within. Seedpods give rise to the common name of cigar tree, although they actually are longer and thinner than most cigars. Abundant pods are produced every 2 to 3 years. 

Bark - Bark of mature trees is fissured, prominently ridged and pale gray-brown.  Twigs in winter have a unique identifying characteristic. They have sunken leaf scars which resemble suction cups. Their whorled arrangement of 3 scars per node is another trait easily identified.

Region - USA native. It is native to a relatively small area extending from western Tennessee, northeastern Arkansas and the lowlands of southeastern Missouri north to southern Illinois and southern Indiana. (Although, studies suggest that the species may have once held a greater range, and had experienced significant range decline prior to European settlement. Fossil evidence dates Catalpa speciosa specimen to West Virginia as early as 1500.

Hardiness Zones - (4-8)

Habitat/Growing Conditions - Typically occurs along streams, bluff bases and in both low and upland woods. Easily grown in average, medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions including both wet and dry soils. Tolerant of seasonal flooding. Prefers moist fertile loams.

Plant Community - NA

Eco-indicator - NA

Other info -  It is an invasive, weedy tree which escapes cultivation easily.

The biggest management problem with a catalpa tree used as an ornamental is litter. It will drop a heavy load of flowers in the spring, then a plentiful supply of leaves in the fall and finally a lot of large seedpods in the winter.

A mature, symmetrically rounded catalpa tree can be a tree of great beauty, particularly in spring when the foliage is young and the flowers are in bloom. Unfortunately, it is otherwise a rather coarse tree that many believe does not deserve a prominent place in the landscape. Branches are brittle and mature trees infrequently exhibit classic form. Foliage also tends to depreciate as the growing season progresses, the large leaves being subject to damage from hail, wind, insects and sometime disease. It has been widely planted in urban areas as a street tree and lawn tree, and can also be effectively used in the landscape for difficult areas such as moist low spots or dry areas with poor soils.

European settlers planted Catalpa speciosa to produce fence posts. The wood is lightweight, and the heartwood is resistant to deterioration when placed in the ground for several years. Railroad companies grew plantations of it for use as track ties and fuel wood. It was also used for making packing materials. Carpenters commonly used it for interior trim in houses. Craftsmen used it to make furniture. It has also been used as telephone or power line poles.

Catalpa speciosa is sometimes planted to attract the green catalpa worms, which are prized fish bait. These caterpillars can be frozen and used as bait at a later time.

Current Nursery Status and Availability - Easily available in nursery trade, however, cultivar selections are not. Dirr lists a single cultivar of this species in his 6th edition woody plants manual: ‘Pulverulenta’.

'Hiawatha’ (aka Heartland Catalpa) - 50 feet high and 25 feet wide, upright, narrow oval form.

‘Pulverulenta’ (aka ‘Variegata’) - Speckled yellow-cream leaves

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a856

http://hort.uconn.edu/detail.php?pid=93

https://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_casp8.pdf

Dirr - “Manual of Woody Landscape Plants”

Wessels - “Reading the Forested Landscape”

[paull-green]

What To Eat On Keto Diet#Fast#Fasting# ?

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[parijatakayurvedic-blog]

The Best Way To NAGABALA

Botanical Name :Grewia hirsute Vahl. &Sidaveronaecifolia Lam.

Classification:

According To Modern

Kingdom –Plantae

Order –Malvales

Family – Tiliaceae

According To Ayurveda

Charak – Not included in Varga

Sushruta – Not included in Gana

Bhavprakash – Guducyadivarga

Other Names :

English – Heart leaf fanpetals, snake mallow.

Hindi – Bananiyar, Bhyunlibhuinii

Tamil – Palampasi

Marathi – Nagabala

Gujarati – Gangeti

Bengali – Gorakshachakule

Telugu – Gayapaaku, bekkinatalegida

Kannada – Nagabala, Turuvegida

Malayalam – Vallikkuruntotti, Nagabala.

General Information :

Habit- Perennial much-branched herb. Branches- Prostrate or trailing. Leaves- Cordate, 1 to 2.5 cm long, serrate, sparsely clothed with stellate hairs. The petiole is 1 to 2 cm long. Flowers- Pale yellow colored. Seeds- Brown in color.Grewia hirsute VahlSymb. Habit- Shrub grows up to 90 cm in height. Branches- Slender. Leaves- 5 to 11 cm long, 1 to2.5 cm wide, oblong, narrowed gradually to the apex, serrate base is rounded, 3-nerved, clothed with very small stellate hairs above. Petiole is 2.5 to 4 mm long, stout and hairy, stipules are 25 mm long, linear and hairy. Flowers- White, turning to yellow.2 to 4 together. Fruit- Up to 1 cm in diameter, more or less 2 to 4 lobed, shining, brown with scattered hairs.

Properties (Gunadharma)

Rasa- Madhura, Kasaya

Vipak- Madhura

Virya- Sheeta

Guna-Guru, Snigdha, Picchila

Specific Parts :

Root(Mula)

Doshaghnata :

Pacifies Pitta by all its attributes and Vata by all of them except kashayaanurasa.

Benefits :

Being hridya, it should be used in hridroga. It pacifies rasagata Pitta and eliminates angavidaha[i.e. burning all over the body] and raktagatapitta also. It has madhura-kashaya rasa, madhuravipaka and sheetaveerya and hence it pacifies aggravated Pitta present in raktapitta and also causes vasoconstriction due to its kashayaanurasa which helps in raktastambhana.

Sosa (Debilitated)

5 gm of root powder of Nagabala (Grewia hirsute) is taken on the first day then gradually increased up to 40 g. with milk for a month keeping on milk diet will promote strength.

Hridroga(Heart Diseases)

Usage of the root of Nagabala(Grewia hirsute) and bark of Arjuna (Terminaliaarjuna) with milk is a good remedy for Hridroga(Heart diseases).

Shloka’s :

स्निग्धा रुच्या बल्या वृश्या ग्राहिनी वातपित्तजीत |

तद्वन्नागबलात्यर्थ कृच्छ्रे क्षीणे क्षते हिता ||

चुर्नामनागबलायास्तु घृतमाक्षिकमिश्रीतम |

प्रलीह्यात्प्रारुत्थाय क्षयव्याधिनीवारनम ||

Formulation (Kalp):

Name Indication

BaladyaTaila Unmada, Apasmara

NagabalaTaila Vatarakta

Baladyaghrita Raktapitta

Dosage :

Quatha-40 to 80 ml.

Root powder – 2 to 4 gm.

Research Corner :

Isolation of the (4Z,12Z)- cyclopentadeca-4, 12-dienone from the methoanol extract of the leaves of Grewiahirsuta was performed by the column chromatography to yield different fractions. These fractions were then subjected to purification and the structure was elucidated and confirmed by spectroscopic method including UV, FTIR (1) H, (13) CNMR and the accurate mass determination was carried out using the Q-TOF mass spectrometer/ om-vivo experimentation was performed with evaluatiuon of a-glucosidase, a-amylase and MTT assay that had been reported by the author in the earlier paper. Molecular docking study was performed with GLiDE docking software.

[irvinggonzalez79]

#Passifloraquadrangularis #Passiflora #granadillareal #granadillagigante #flower #nofilter #mygarden #colorful The giant granadilla, barbadine (Trinidad), grenadine (Haití), giant tumbo or badea, Passiflora quadrangularis, produces the largest fruit any species within the genus Passiflora. It is a perennial native to the Neotropics, having smooth, cordate, ovate or acuminate leaves; petioles bearing from 4 to 6 glands; an emetic and narcotic root; scented flowers; and a large, oblong fruit, containing numerous seeds, embedded in a subacid edible pulp. (en Altos de Cerro Azul)