#or more like... psychosocial analysis?

[itsbeenliketenyearsitsprettywild]

*lays down seductively* Hey, Milgram fandom. Anyone wanna join me in

psychoanalyzing Haruka Sakurai through the lens of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development?

[its-jun0]

Psychological analysis of Aira

And how the loss of her mother affected the development of her personality

I feel that this is something very overlooked in the community and in honor of the new chapter I would like to do a small analysis from my perspective on it.

Although it is something very little addressed in the story, it is extremely important in her development as a character.

This thread contains spoilers for the manga from the acro silky to the Space Globalist arc!

As we saw in the Acro Silky arc, Aira's mother died when she was very little and judging by her appearance she was no more than 5 or 6 years old at the time.

This simple fact makes the event even more relevant, childhood is a stage of utmost importance in human beings, since at this stage most cognitive skills are developed.

These skills help in the development of healthy and correct management of emotions during adolescence and Adulthood also influences how the child relates to people and their environment.

The importance of the presence of parents at this stage is indispensable, since the first bond that appears in the life of a human is with them and depending on the circumstances and how this bond develops, it will affect the poor way in the psychosocial growth of the infant.

The absence of one or both parents strongly affects the development of the infant, causing damage to the child's psyche that can last beyond adulthood and is even more serious when it is something irreversible such as the death of one of them.

With this begins a grieving process, which is very different from that of an adult given the poor emotional management capacity of a child, this directly affects the growth and development of the child's personality.

Her need for perfection

One of the main characteristics in Aira's personality is the need to be perfect, both in how she acts and how she looks physically.

At first it can be seen as the need to fit in that many teenagers have, but after the acro silky arc you can see the topic in more depth.

In chapter 17 we can see how in the flashback shared with Acro Silky, Aira as a child promises her father to be a great girl so that her mother can be proud when she “comes back”.

With this in mind by connecting their attitudes she can be given a little background, since she acts so “perfectly” because in a certain part she fills the void and the need to make her mother proud.

Because in her mind the fact that everyone loves and admires her makes her someone important, no matter if that means not being true to who she really is.

And this brings us to the point that she thought she was “the chosen one”, since this was a greater merit than just being loved and popular among the people around her.

Although she acted proud about it, this was the perfect situation for her to be able to fulfill the promise she had made, to become someone her mother can be truly proud of.

Although as the chapters go by she continues with this idea in mind, her perspective changes to a more serious one, demonstrating her great development during the plot.

Her actions in the acro silky arc and how this marked a before and after in her character

As I have said many times, despite being her debut arc, this one is very important since you can notice a change, even if it is slight, in how she was presented and how she developed after this.

One of Aira's characteristics is her great empathy towards people who have gone through difficult times; this may mainly be because her own situation helps her put herself in the shoes of others.

The main example of this was with Acro silky, since both shared the pain of a loss and in this case, both were very important figures as mother and daughter.

In other situations where this can be seen is when she finds out about Vamola's past, being moved to tears and another very important point is how she behaves with Chiquitita.

Her relationship with Chiquitita

Aira and Chiquitita's relationship is similar to that of an older sister and a younger brother, Chiquitita is in the same situation as her, he is small, his mother died and he is cared for only by his father, so she can feel more than identified In this case.

Aira is giving him the support and company that she surely lacked as a child given the circumstances in which she grew up.

It is not easy for a father to address all the needs of a child in the absence of, in this case, a maternal figure, since he has to dedicate himself to working and meeting the child's physical needs, even if this means leaving emotional needs aside.

This led us to another very important point in her personality, her great resilience.

The resilience and strength that she possesses

One of the characteristics of children who went through situations where they lost one or both of their parents is the development of “strength” as a defense mechanism.

This is both an advantage and a disadvantage, since although this will be a way to overcome Life's adversities but also open the door to over-demanding and closing ourselves off to the help of others.

Aira is a very strong and resilient person, both mentally and physically, this can be witnessed in fighting and in her ability to lead others, being able to make plans without getting carried away by her emotions like in the Space Globalist arc.

But as I said before, this is also a disadvantage since many times she over-demand herself and refuses to receive help from others and to do things on her own.

Characters like Jiji let her see this in a certain part, when she said that she could defeat the aliens on her own if they would just let her and Jiji told her that she couldn't do it alone.

Being used to and growing up with the idea that she has to be strong instilled by her father when she was little, makes Aira see this as the only thing she has known during her life, If she is not strong, she will not fulfill her promise.

With this in mind we can move on to the next point, her leadership and how she relates to others.

Her role as a leader and how she relates to others

How I addressed before Aira's strength and resilience helped her achieve a good role as a leader, despite being heavy-handed on many occasions, she cares deeply about her team members, constantly asking them to be careful, also trying to put her own needs aside to protect them.

You can see this in the Space Globalist arc, when she asks Momo to take care of herself, when she is happy to see that Mr. Shrimp is alive, when Mr. Shrimp wants to help her and she asks him to go see Jiji first.

This highlights the point of self-demand that she has and how she does not accept the help of others so easily despite being a team, since, again as I mentioned before, being strong and independent is what she has been from an early age.

This brings us to the last point, her relationship with others.

Aira was surrounded by superficial people for most of her life, who were only interested in the “perfect” facade that she had created, so this whole topic of genuine relationships, both friendship and love, is very new to her.

A great example of this is her infatuation with Okarun and the scene where he congratulates her for her great performance in battle, since it is something in which she genuinely makes an effort and she is not used to being given credit in that type of situation.

So when it comes to answering she wonders why. she wasn't being her “usual self,” even though at that moment she was being more genuine with herself.

Conclusion

Aira is an extremely interesting character, who has had one of the best developments in the play, although I failed to address many topics such as her ability to admit her mistakes.

I thought that they did not really come with the main idea of the analysis and I would like to address them more forward when she has more appearances.

I genuinely hope that Tatsu continues cooking with her and can become one of the best characters in the play.

Thank you for taking the time to read this post!!

I hope you found it interesting and do not hesitate to share your point of view with me. I will be very happy to read them!!!

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved on our archive

New research has found that 33.6% of surveyed healthcare workers in England report symptoms consistent with post-COVID syndrome.

New research from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King's College London, and University College London has found that 33.6% of surveyed healthcare workers in England report symptoms consistent with post-COVID syndrome (PCS), more commonly known as Long COVID. Yet only 7.4% of respondents reported that they have received a formal diagnosis.

The research is part of the wider long-term NHS CHECK study that is tracking the mental and physical health of NHS staff throughout and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Other research by NHS CHECK has included healthcare workers’ experiences of support services, prevalence of mental health problems, moral injury, and suicidal thoughts.

The study used the NICE definition of Long COVID, which includes symptoms like fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and anxiety for 12 weeks or more after they've had COVID.

After four and a half years since it was first described, there is still a lot to learn about Long COVID. This study has sought to explore how common Long COVID is among healthcare workers and if certain people are more likely to develop it than others.

“PCS can have a dramatic impact on a person’s day to day life. If we are to ensure that the healthcare workers, and wider population, affected by it receive the best possible care and support, we need to address both the physiological and psychosocial mechanisms behind it.”

-Dr Sharon Stevelink, Reader in Epidemiology and one of the study’s authors from King's IoPPN

The research was led by Dr Danielle Lamb, Senior Research Fellow at University College London’s Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, who said “COVID-19 has not gone away. We know that more infections mean more people are at risk of developing Long COVID. This research shows that we should be particularly concerned about the impacts of this on the health and social care sector, especially in older and female workers, and staff with pre-existing physical and mental health conditions. We now need to better understand the complex interplay between biomedical, psychological, and social factors that affect people's experiences of Long COVID, and how healthcare workers with this condition can best be supported.”

The study team collaborated with a Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) panel of 16 healthcare workers with Long COVID. The panel helped design the research by developing the study questions, shaping the analysis, and interpreting the results.

The study’s Co-Lead, Dr Brendan Dempsey, Research Fellow at University College London, said “Collaborating with the healthcare workers who formed our PPIE group has been really important in making sure that we are conducting research that is relevant to them. They also helped interpret our results, sharing their own experiences of living with Long COVID and working in the NHS.”

To gather the survey findings, data was gathered from over 5,000 healthcare workers across three surveys spanning 32 months. The research found that potential risk factors for Long COVID included: being female, being between 51 and 60 years of age, directly working with COVID-19 patients, having pre-existing respiratory conditions, and having existing mental health issues.

The lack of formal diagnosis, despite the widespread prevalence of symptoms, raises concerns that healthcare professionals with Long COVID symptoms are not seeking care or are not being diagnosed. The research team calls for urgent improvements in diagnostic practices and access to support for those living with Long COVID in the healthcare sector.

The research was funded by The Colt Foundation and supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration North Thames. It was a collaboration between University College London, King’s College London, and 18 participating NHS Trusts.

Study Link: oem.bmj.com/content/early/2024/10/01/oemed-2024-109621.info

[el-smacko]

I have read a few times that the Greeks innovated vowels from “unused” consonants in Phoenician. That’s bullshit. Matres lectionis—certain consonants of an abjad, an alphabet that is entirely consonantal for scripts that use diacritical marks, like the tittle above English “i,” for vowels—were vowels or semivowels in scriptio plena (literally “full script,” Latin for “longhand”). Further, the alefs (𐎀, ʔa; 𐎛, ʔi; and 𐎜, ʔu) in Ugaritic—the mother script of Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Punic/neo-Phoenician (in ascending order of plena writing)—are all purely vocalic, while in the third/second century BCE Hebrew that was transliterated (converted from script to script rather than translated) into the Septuagint Greek Bible, alef is only ever a vowel, as in Aramaic, and ayin (ע) is only rarely consonantal “ghan” (a separate sign in Ugaritic: 𐎙, ġ; while 𐎓, ʕ, Phoenician 𐤏, became the vowel o in Greek; the Hebrew form appears to be an inverted Old Arabian 𐩶/𐪖, itself from Ugaritic 𐎙), as in the name Gomorrah, Hebrew עֲמֹרָה (ʕOmōrah).

Based on the Ugaritic evidence and the difference in medium (Phoenician on perennial stone where space is at a premium, Hebrew on more ephemeral material preserved by copying), it is also bullshit to say that Hebrew innovated vowels, which I have also seen claimed by at least one scholar (he’s a pop Biblical studies author and modern linguist so he has no citations but, based on his “scholarship,” also wouldn’t have the ability to generate the theory, especially since it’s historical linguistics/philology). We have had all of this information for decades now, early last century for Ugaritic and late century-before-last for Phoenician. There is no excuse to continue saying vowels were “innovated” by people whose localized scripts postdate Ugaritic or its oldest daughter, early Phoenician. It’s all pathetic, nationalist cope and reminds me of an author who wrote in the white supremacist rag Mankind Quarterly that the Greeks independently innovated ship-building because their nautical vocabulary were not loans—except that some nautical vocabulary is Pre-Greek, ie, from a non-Indo-European “substrate” (surviving vocabulary from the languages spoken by the as-yet-inconclusively-identified people who lived in Greece before the Indo-European Greeks), like κυβερνᾶν, “to steer,” whence our “govern” and “cyber.”

I describe my studies as Biblically oriented, but I am constantly frustrated by the field of “Biblical studies” or “Biblical archeology” whose biases are naked to people with a non-Biblical philological, historical, philosophical, or archeological background.

Effective Biblical studies involves less a “grain” of salt and more a “Lot’s wife after he looked back at her fleeing Gomorrah” amount of salt, which literalists and believers in inerrancy are dogmatically incapable of. Regardless of personal belief—and I am no atheist—you must, must, must study the Bible with the conviction that its God is no more real than Zeus is considered to be by Classicists to accomplish academic analysis of it. If you don’t, you will fall into the trap of “proving” the Bible, which will always fail under scrutiny—and that is why your faith will suffer too. If you need God to be proven to you by the accuracy of the Bible, or worse, its authority, you will either tie yourself in knots or lose faith and gain alienation from your faith community, where you will not feel God in the only surefire place God can be found, even if (or especially if) he really is just a psychosocial projection: other people.

[lets-talk-spirituality]

Hey. I saw someone do a lyric analysis of Sunflower Vol. 6 and I was curious what you think of it: https://www.tumblr.com/rachthepoet/751666859836948480/sunflower-vol-6-analysis?source=share

Hi :) hope you’re doing well. I appreciate you sending this in. It was a fascinating read for many reasons.

Some parts it sounded like they had read and were responding to my interpretation which is dope and another layer in the human communication spiral that makes stories so fun.

I want to start my response with this instagram post that I came across this month:

I looked into it and yes. It’s a thing. And sunflowers are now being used in Hawaii to not only remove harmful toxins from the land that was caused by big agricultural companies testing harsh chemicals in Hawaii (there are numerous microclimates across the islands that make them valuable for testing agricultural products like pesticides and it’s also poisoning the land and people, leading to birth defects and illness) but to also create sunflower oil as alternative fuel.

I bring this up because the life cycle of the sunflower is used a lot in their interpretation which I loved, but now with a new dimension to sunflowers I just learned about I think there is more nuance around the idea of planting new seeds. And picking sunflowers.

“Your flowers just died, plant new seeds in the melody” “sunflowers just died, keep it sweet in your memory”

With this added layer, we now know sometimes sunflowers being picked is to prevent the spread of further toxicity. You kill the plant for better soil. Which is interesting when you think of keeping something sweet in your memory. Sunflower seeds can also be toxic to some plants. The idea being that it’s not just the plant is toxic or not but the environment it grows in and what surrounds it and what it is used for. More toxic soil, more death and starting over for sunflower, but each new start creates better soil until you create the right growing conditions “you can see the world, following the seasons” the pain and endings (deaths) you go through leads to more fertile foundations.

There is also the idea that toxins that are held in the roots and stems aren’t seen in the beauty of what is produced, the flower “we held darkness in withheld clouds” the darkness and pain in Harry and his relationships aren’t shown, just the bloom of the song, no one knows why he cut the plant down or the quality of his soil.

**sunflowers are native to North America, peak planting of seeds is between April and May, they bloom in August with National Sunflower Day being in August**

Now for some specific comments:

Communicating through flowers… didn’t Harry’s house use flower imagery for hints leading up?? Harry is in love with the art of subtlety and I know he’s read up on flower symbolism. He loves cryptic communication.

Sunflowers represent devotion “you’ve got my devotion, but man I can hate you sometimes”

Sunflowers follow the sun across the sky as part of its growth cycle, “browns my skin just right” satellites rotate around a planet, the earth rotates around the sun, he watches this person from the outside, from above and from below, a rotating cycle between earth and sky that we’ve talked about on here before, he watches them shine in the distance, from a far, from another planet/world in awe “you showed me a power that is strong enough to bring light to the darkest days”

Harry understands this relationship to be one of advancement and development and not just love alone

1-9 in numerology also represents the cycle, so yes I think numerology comes into play here. 6 is also the month of June “baby you’re the end of June”

I loved the insight of psychosocial inclusion! Gotta read up on that. Isolation vs intimacy is a continual theme for him. I think he feels safer isolating and experiencing his feelings for himself but that creates a lack of intimacy in some ways. I’m actually learning this lesson right now which is why this also strikes me. Part of relationship isn’t just being there for others but allowing others to be there for you. You don’t just celebrate your birthday for yourself but so others who love you can also celebrate you. People who truly love you want to celebrate you and be there for you in your times of need and you deny them that when you cannot show up and be there or accept their love and support. I think maybe he was alluding to understanding this more in Harry’s house promo talking about being a son and friend etc.

Cyclical experience as a theme in the as it was video, in him rewriting songs, a satellite revolves, spinning out waiting, he’s looping around and around, like I’ve mentioned before, but I think he broke through finally with Harry’s house, but then with Make my Day, maybe he didn’t break through as much as he thought ( I have to guys)

“I believe Sunflower, Vol. 6 can be heard as a romantic reassurance hymn when studied through the lens of Ginsberg's poem. Something, or rather someone, beaten down but with the potential to bloom out of hardships. I see this narrative & nuance running rampant through the song and its core relationship”

I agree with them on this… because we hear this sentiment fleshed out more with Matilda. I’ve said before that part of Harry’s fame is to provide that reassurance to many, including his sm. This song is a reminder that not only can sunflowers bloom in toxic environments, they take that toxicity and turn it into spiraling infinite beauty of flowers blooming within flowers (sunflowers are giant spirals and fall in line with sacred geometry). They remove the toxicity from where they are and leave behind more fertile land for the next person. Harry sees sunflower this way, as someone who’s done that, but he also wants to say even if they don’t reap the benefits of what they’ve done, it still meant something.

Will Harry not stop spinning out till they step in and stop him, like a record, he can’t stop spinning until the cycle ends “I’m coming back again” (JCHNY). They have to complete the cycle for him move on? He’s been rewriting music for years, how long has he been looping?

This relationship, this daydream and dream world he returns to with them is his stabilizer, we see this sentiment in LNT. I mentioned this song could be a daydream with them and that sort of makes further sense to me. When does he feel the most beautiful? After he sleeps? Why? He goes to his dream world and relationship as his home within himself, the place he returns to when he’s fallen and he’s low. When he’s tired of playing pretend. He goes to She, the soulmate and love he feels has always been there that he imagines finding if he can just stop looping.

You were never no locomotive, Sunflower, you were a sunflower!" Fascinating when we know now how they can remove poisonous toxins from the earth. Being compared to industrialization, sunflowers can cure the soil of the toxins of this industrialization, its change is both the curse and the cure, “could but wouldn’t stay, wouldn’t put it like that” sunflowers becoming locomotives creates toxicity, sunflowers becoming sunflowers again removed the toxicity, being authentic, the sunflower didn’t know the power in being a sunflower until it became a locomotive and could see why it needed to be a sunflower

The natural vs. the unnatural. The natural here is Harry and his sunflower, of course. The unnatural being encompassing of whoever and whatever that is a negative outside force impacting the health of the relationship. Think of infected soil.

We see this theme in his distaste with modernity “go home get ahead, light speed internet” “tea with cyborgs” … think of infected soil and that soil is cured by the sunflower itself, you have to stick it out to really heal

Mouthful of toothpaste before I got to know you… I now read more as false intimacy sometimes when we want to connect with someone we move really quickly, tell them everything about us, jump in really quickly to spending time together, meeting friends and families and integrating into one life “two hearts in one home” instead of keeping our own separate lives and building a bigger shared life. It creates an intense connection without a true foundation (we hear these themes further fleshed out in Harry’s house) Harry wants interdependence not codependency and I think he’s had to heal a lot to understand the difference between the two. But I think codependency and the intensity is still hard for him to not feel drawn to. True love grows over time and you don’t feel the need to move fast because you aren’t afraid they will abandon you because you are secure enough to know you will be okay with or without them. Most of us don’t date like this until we are older or have done significant internal work. He’s reflecting on the love of younger years being more intense but less real. True love is more peaceful and can feel boring if you’re used to the ups and downs of false intimacy caused by unhealed wounds. But that’s part of the process before you learn how to create excitement from a new healthy place like learning relationship skills together or seeing it as a fun challenge (I’ve started viewing exercise this way after healing a lot of stuff with my body so I think this can happen for romance too, seeing having hard conversations as learning opportunities because you can handle the outcomes better)

but not having himself hung up high beside them, for he's the one in constant admiration

He can see them but they cannot see him. See they share a world together in the non-physical but in reality they aren’t together, he can see her in his dreams, but he can’t know for sure if she sees him, he sees her clearly, but she doesn’t see him clearly, for he is a real person staring and she is an image, a mirage, ghost, daydream, he’s staring in her eyes but is she looking back, that’s why he longs for her in the flesh, to ask these questions that she may or may not be able to answer, she is now a portrait of a person but not a person, he’s in love with the portrait of them but he longs to love all of them, if he could only know them beyond this portrait of them he has

In the end, just like you can pick a sunflower and the toxins contained within will be removed from the soil, this song is a capsule that contains all the seeds he’s been planting for years and is a reminder to his person that soon the flowers will have to bloom

This has even more significance when we connect it with one of Harry’s favorite songs which is all about wanting to experience and watch a relationship grow throughout its lifetime, not just the parts where it blooms “Its cuz I love you babe, in every kind of way”

Now all you have to do is show up, he built the house and has a sink and every thing. lol. Can’t wait to see what HS4 ends up being.

[ge]

So ge, im studying some psychology stuff rn for school, and since you prob know more about ROTMHS than i do, do you think that CM or TB had some psychosocial issues growing up? (Im studying in spanish so idk if this is the corrext term for it but at least i tried to translate it)

oooh i definitely do but think most of this would be headcanon or conjecture since none of it is explicitly stated.. i think tbcm suffer similar afflictions due to similar traumas but the differences in the environments they grew up in shaped their experiences so they would vary somewhat.. idk if u want a full deep analysis’ so ill just list out what i think

both chung myung and tang bo suffer from intersocial/family abuse that have lead to varying displays of neglect, depression, guilt, loneliness, no development of social interaction, isolation, self sacrificial tendencies (which we’ve seen more from chung myung by virtue of him being alive to show us), substance abuse, perfectionism, etc….. i dont think it would be going very far to say chung myung suffers from war trauma, survivors guilt, suicidal/self sacrificial tendencies, ptsd, hallucinations brought on by this trauma, canonically despite it never being explicitly said either, just implied

i cant speak for tang bo much since hes long gone and his inner workings are hidden behind the veil of chung myungs perspective, but i do think he, like chung myung, had a unique brand of family issues that arose from social/domestic pressures to perform.. chung myung had his own version of this as a member of a sect but tang bo was part of the gentry, and the son of an extremely prominent powerful familysect at that, so he was, from an early age, expected to adhere to the strict rules of conformity which wouldve formed a long lasting impression on him even despite his supposedly carefree rambunctious & wild personality as a child..

he probably grew up with an invisible voyeur, an omnipresent eye, watching him at all times, managing his actions and speech as if wherever he went, so did his stickler elders, keeping him in line no matter where he was.. i think this led to social anxieties and fear of not fitting in/being watched, paranoia

[sentence-arborist]

Why do you say that minimalism is wrong as a theory? Genuinely curious

OK, so to be perfectly honest this is mostly in jest - Minimalists have a bit of a reputation within linguistics for treating the assumptions of their framework as Universal Truths(TM) which understandably grates with linguists who reject those assumptions, resulting in what might be called a friendly rivalry.

There is not, to my knowledge, any piece of evidence that categorically disproves the core assumptions of Minimalist - but that is, in part, because Minimalism in its current form is unfalsifiable.

Consider flat syntactic structures, for example - say the post-auxiliary field in Warlpiri or Jiwarli, or even the Mittelfeld of a German sentence. You can interpret these through a framework that posits a universal hierarchical structure in language, but only by positing some kind of post-construction "scrambling", which makes the original hierarchical claims unfalsifiable. (If it's always possible that speakers can just move components around post-construction, then there is no longer any requirement for the surface form to reflect the supposedly "underlying" construction in any systematic way, and so you can posit anything you need to in that construction to guarantee the predictions of your theory - hence, unfalsifiable.) I also find "scrambling" to be inherently implausible as a theory of human cognition, but that's a separate issue.

So given it's inherent unfalsifiability, the question of yes or no Minimalism is ultimately one of a balance of plausibility - is this particular framework more plausible than the alternatives? But that is, in turn, a somewhat subjective question. What theoretical virtues do you consider important, and which less so? What forms of parsimony do you favour? What evidence do you consider, and what interpretative frameworks do you apply to that evidence (e.g. is the question "can Minimalism explain this evidence", or "can another theory explain this evidence better")?

For example, psychological plausibility is a pretty key criterion for linguistic theory selection in my opinion, as I believe our goal should be to model language qua a human behaviour that exists in a psychosocial context, and there are lost of psychologically implausible components of standard Minimalist analyses (such as scrambling, traces, etc.). If, however, you don't care about psychological plausibility because you are only interested in modelling language qua a formal system isolated and seperated from any actual human activity, then this sort of argument wouldn't hold any weight.

Or we could think about parsimony. Minimalism is called "minimalism" because it strives for a particular kind of parsimony - namely, a parsimony of operations (ideally reduced to just one or two syntactic operations). But this parsimony of operations results in incredibly bloated structures, a proliferation of categories, and a very computationally complex derivational process. By contrast, something like Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) has highly parsimonious construction and much simpler structures than a Minimalist analysis, and thus is more minimal than Minimalism in these respects, but at the cost of having many more rules of construction. Which form of parsimony you prefer will depend on both your other theoretical commitments, and your own theoretical preferences and assumptions.

Ultimately, we need to remember that linguistics is still a very young science, very much in its infancy, and we know much less than we think we do about language - like early chemists who tried to understand all chemical reactions in terms of a handful of base metals, or physicists trying to understand combustion in terms of phlogiston. Likely none of our present linguistic theories will ultimately stand the test of time, at least not without serious revision.

(E.g. some of my own research presents a serious challenge to the core LFG assumptions about grammatical functions, so in a sense I would also argue that LFG is "wrong" as a theory in its standard formulations - just less wrong than Minimalism, in my opinion.)

So calling Minimalism "wrong" as a theory was mostly hyperboly and a bit of a joke. Well, it is strictly wrong in the scientific antirealist sense, but in that sense no more so than any other framework. But I do find it a highly implausible theory, one which continues a particular analytical tradition which we as a scientific community should really have outgrown by now. The description of languages like Warlpiri and Jiwarli should have been the death-knell for derivationalist syntax, and the fact they have not suggests a theoretical conservativism which is only going to hinder the development of linguistics into a mature science.

[asanda0625]

Bridging the Gap: Preparing for Primary Healthcare Practice through the UKZN OT Curriculum

They do not tell you in lectures what it feels like to walk into a community riddled with poverty, unemployment, and violence where the need is overwhelming, and the resources are few. They do not prepare you for the silence of a mother who cannot afford transport to the clinic, or the resilience of a child who smiles despite learning without a desk. As an occupational therapy student stepping into this reality, I quickly realized that no textbook could fully capture the weight or wonder of real-life community practice.

This blog is a reflection on my journey as a final-year OT student completing my community block in a challenging, under-resourced area. It is about how the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s OT curriculum both prepared me and at times left me scrambling for the complexities of working at the primary healthcare level. It is about theory meeting practice, and the powerful lessons that come when you are pushed beyond the classroom into the heartbeat of the community.

As a fourth-year occupational therapy (OT) student currently completing my community block at Marian Coordinating Committee. I have found the UKZN OT curriculum to be immensely valuable in preparing me for practice at both the community and primary healthcare (PHC) levels. Although I initially missed the block lectures due to delayed registration, I was able to catch up through the well-structured and accessible online learning materials provided by UKZN. Through this experience, I have come to understand that community-based practice is not limited to one area of focus, but rather integrates physical, psychosocial, paediatrics, vocational rehabilitation, and community development into one cohesive approach. This has helped me avoid working in silos and has prepared me to confidently manage a wide range of cases during fieldwork. However, there are some gaps which will be discussed below.

Tools like the P-E-S-L-E-Y analysis gave me a structured way to assess the political, economic, social, legal, environmental, and institutional context of the community, helping me understand the complexities that shape people’s daily lives. Furthermore, using both the needs-based and asset-based approaches changed the way I engaged with the community. The needs-based approach helped identify critical gaps in health, education, and service delivery, while the asset-based approach reminded me that even in resource-scarce settings, strengths, skills, and community resilience are powerful starting points for sustainable change.

The curriculum provides more than just content it encourages us to become critical thinkers. Through academic tasks such as essay writing, case reflections, and blog entries, we are taught to look beyond symptoms and to understand individuals within their environments. We are trained to ask questions, challenge systemic inequalities, and consider the broader occupational and social determinants of health.

There is something deeply humbling about working in a real community setting. You walk in equipped with theoretical knowledge and your “OT toolbox,” only to realize that none of the standard, high-tech resources are available. In those moments, it is just you, your hands, your training, and the people you serve. And that’s when the curriculum’s true value comes alive. Thanks to our training, I knew how to adapt, problem-solve, and make use of what was already there. For instance, when working in a low-resourced Early Childhood Development (ECD) centre, I was able to create educational games using recycled materials offering meaningful interventions without relying on expensive tools. I have learned to improvise assistive devices using everyday items, ensuring that no child or adult is left out of therapy due to a lack of resources.

Modules covering the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) model, health promotion, macroeconomics, and sustainable development goals have provided me with a strong theoretical foundation. But theory alone could not prepare me for the day a concerned grandmother asked me, “How do I help him sit properly when he screams from pain?” I had nothing fancy to offer just a rolled-up towel, my clinical reasoning, and the confidence to act. That moment stayed with me. It underscored the need for every OT to be equipped not only with knowledge, but with compassion, creativity, and cultural sensitivity.

Being placed in the community has been one of the most transformative learning experiences in my OT journey. It is one thing to learn about advocacy in a classroom, and another to stand beside someone and explain their rights someone who may have never been told they had any. It is one thing to talk about collaboration and quite another to sit in a stakeholder meeting proposing a project idea, learning to listen more than speak. In those moments, I discovered that advocacy is not about standing in front of a crowd it is about standing beside someone. Additionally, exposure to interdisciplinary teamwork during placements where we work alongside nurses, social workers, and other professionals builds communication and collaboration skills, which are key in PHC settings.

However, as meaningful as the experience has been, I must also acknowledge its limitations. The time allocated for community placements is short, yet the workload is extensive. We are expected to manage projects across different sites, conduct health promotions, run groups, provide one-on-one interventions, and advocate for systemic change all while meeting academic deadlines. The pressure can sometimes reduce the richness of the learning experience to a checklist of tasks. I often found myself racing to meet submission dates, rather than taking the time to reflect, learn, and connect deeply with the community.

One of the challenges of this block is that the module is only introduced in fourth year and is taught over just two weeks, alongside other demanding modules. This makes it difficult to fully engage with and understand the content. Although there was an attempt to introduce it in first year and third year through shadowing fourth-year students, it was not effective as we had no theoretical foundation at the time to make sense of what we were observing. Introducing the content earlier and in a more structured way would improve preparedness.

Dr. Naidoo emphasized the importance of including at least one rural placement in undergraduate training. Authentic exposure, she argued, cultivates the resourcefulness and cultural sensitivity needed for real PHC practice. This resonated with me. Being placed in a real, under-resourced community not a simulated environment forced me to reflect deeply on my own assumptions, biases, and responsibilities. It reminded me that OT is not just about restoring function, but about restoring dignity (UKZN NdabaOnline, n.d.).

Professionally, this community placement has reshaped my understanding of occupational therapy. OT in South Africa cannot be confined to clinics or hospitals. It belongs in informal settlements, rural clinics, ECD centres, and churches. It belongs wherever people live, work, and strive to participate meaningfully in life. Personally, I have begun to see myself not just as a future OT, but as a future leader and advocate for accessible, culturally relevant, and justice-driven healthcare.

I often reflect on the words of Paulo Freire: “Washing one’s hands of the conflict between the powerful and the powerless means to side with the powerful, not to be neutral.” As an OT, neutrality is not an option. We are called to be change-makers. This curriculum has planted the seed, and I intend to nurture it.

Growth takes time, care, and the right environment, just like community-based OT.

Reference List

Freire Institute. (n.d.). Quotes by Paulo Freire | Freire Institute. https://freire.org/quotes-by-paulo-freire

UKZN NdabaOnline. (n.d.). https://ndabaonline.ukzn.ac.za/UkzndabaStory/Vol5-Issue49-HS-GRAD-2017/Role%20of%20Occupational%20Therapy%20Explored%20at%20Primary%20Healthcare%20Level/

Wackerhausen, J. (2010, March 28). Business development - Hands holding seedling in a group. iStock. https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/business-development-hands-holding-seedling-in-a-group-gm121198600-12181084

[compliancehelp]

How can a company manage employee retention with the support of ISO 45001 consultants?

Employee retention means keeping employees loyal to a company by providing them with a healthy work atmosphere. It is about valuing their productivity and contribution to the company. ISO 45001 is the ideal management standard that helps with occupational health and safety management. The ISO45001 consultants make the entire process more effective with their efficiency, experience, and relevant industry knowledge. The present blog talks about that in detail. 

How can a company manage employee retention with the support of ISO45001 consultants?

1. Create a Safe & Supportive Work Environment - Consultants help implement systems that identify and control workplace hazards and improve incident reporting and corrective actions. Also, they help promote both physical and mental well-being. This way, the employees feel safer, more valued, and more likely to stay.

2. Boost Employee Involvement & Engagement - Consultants guide companies to involve employees in risk assessments and build safety committees. The most significant role of the employees is that they communicate openly about health and safety performance. This initiative helps the employees feel heard and respected. It is also considered a major factor in retention.

3. Support Career Growth Through Training - Fundamentally, the ISO 45001 standard encourages several organisational aspects. They promote the need for regular safety training and leadership development for health and safety roles. The standard also focuses on skill-building around wellness and mental health. This way, the employees see opportunities to grow and invest in the company.

4. Reduce Work-Related Stress & Burnout - Consultants can help manage workload risks, ergonomics, and psychosocial hazards (bullying, long hours). This way, employees become healthier and more balanced. They are less likely to resign due to burnout.

5. Track and Analyse Retention-Related Data - Consultants set up systems to monitor absenteeism and turnover trends and investigate root causes (safety, stress, poor culture). Thereafter, the professionals use data to improve work conditions and policies. Leadership makes better decisions that directly impact retention.

6. Align Health & Safety with Company Culture - Consultants ensure ISO 45001 is not just a compliance tool but part of your employer brand. The professionals ensure that the standard operations efficiently attract and keep talent. This way, you can position your company as a great place to work.

How do the professionals conduct a gap analysis?

1. Initial Planning & Scoping - Understand your business, operations, and risks. Define what parts of the organisation are in scope. Identify relevant legal and other requirements. The consultants will thentailor the analysis to your size, risk level, and industry (manufacturing, construction, healthcare).

2. Review of Existing OHSMS (if any) - Examine your current health & safety documentation, processes, and practices. They review policies and procedures. Further, they conduct risk assessments and make incident records. Also, training logs, internal audits, and compliance tracking

3. On-Site Observations & Interviews (Optional but Ideal) - Walk-through of facilities to spot gaps in practice. The consultant willalso talk with employees to understand awareness and culture. They efficiently validate documentation with real-world practices. This adds a reality check to what’s written versus what is done.

4. Deliver a Gap Analysis Report - The consultants provide you with a report with a clause-by-clause breakdown, ratings, and specific observations. Also, there are action recommendations and priority levels. Many consultants use this to build their ISO 45001 implementation plan.

5. Optional: Risk Register & Action Plan - Some consultants will help to create a risk and opportunities register. They even built a corrective action plan to close the gaps and provide a timeline and resource estimate.

6. Toolkits & Templates - Many consultants bring audit checklists, policy templates, and risk assessment frameworks. This helps speed up the process and ensure nothing gets missed.

Before hiring the ISO 45001 consultants, ask about the aforementioned aspects of gap analysis. Ask the consultantabout the procedures he will usefor compliance.

Also Read: Who Needs to Be ISO 27001 Certified and Why Is It Necessary?

[nursingwriter]

Physical Activity and Telomere Length in Early Stage Breast Cancer Survivors Journal article summary (paragraph format, double-spaced), which summarizes the article's content. Do not include your opinion about content of the article. The journal article focuses on the relationship between human physical activity and telomere length in early stage breast cancer survivors. Telomere as the article illustrates is a biomarker for both cellular damage and aging within individuals with breast cancer. Evidence suggests that TL in those without breast cancer is impacted by a host of psychosocial and lifestyle factors, including physical activity. The journal begins with a brief overview of Telomere and its implications for breast cancer survivors. Telomere is a repetitive nucleoprotein structures on the end of chromosomes with the main purposes of maintaining cellular stability. Telomere also protects cells from uncontrollable cellular division. The article note that cell division is generally good for the body as it helps with repair and replication, however, when conducted in an uncontrollable state, damage is done to the body. As cells divides the Telomere portion of the end of each chromosome shortens. Eventually, the telomere is completely consumed through cell division. Once the Telomere is consumed, the cell will eventually die. Many premature signs of aging, disease and cancer have been linked to shortened Telomeres within cells. The article studies the overall physical activities of patients and how this activity impacts Telomere length. Through study and observation, the researchers believe that longer Telomere's lead to healthier patients, with lower signs of aging, and less change of recurrence. The length of Telomere is particularly important as the researchers believe that cancer recurrence is likely to be dependent on a complex interplay between cancer and biological mechanisms within the body. The research team studied 392 postmenopausal women with stage I-III breast cancer at an outpatient oncology clinic. The clinic was located at the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania. Telomere length and shortening was determined using fragment length analysis of genomic DNA isolated from certain blood cells. The research found that women with stronger habits of physical activity had longer Telomere within their cells. The variance between those women within the sample that engaged in physical activity and those that didn't was roughly 78%. In addition, the study found that among participants, 17% of women did not engage in physical activity whatsoever. The results showed that these participants had shorter TL compared to those who participated in moderate physical activities throughout the period. The article finally concluded the physical activity is one of many factors that impact the overall survival of individuals with breast cancer. In addition, the study determined that the overall recurrence of breast cancer is influenced by physical activity. Generally, more moderate to physical activity increases the length of Telomeres, ultimately reducing the aging of cells and the creation of on cancerous cells. The article was very quick to point out that physical activity is only one of many factors that helps determine if an individual will first develop breast cancer, and their ability to ultimately survive it. References: 1) Garland et al.: Physical activity and telomere length in early stage breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Research 2014 16:413. 2) Williams SC (January 2013). "No end in sight for telomerase-targeted cancer drugs." Nat Med. 19 (1): 6  https://www.paperdue.com/customer/paper/physical-activity-and-telomere-length-in-2153443#:~:text=Logout-,PhysicalActivityandTelomereLengthinEarly,-Length2pages Read the full article

[literaturereviewhelp]

Approaches to health and social care in contemporary times Unit d Recently, medical education has been emphasising on the patient-centred approaches in the treatment of chronic diseases (Greiner & Knebel 2003; Branch, Pels & Hafler 1998). The main reason for such an emphasis is that patients need to be viewed as individuals with their own unique perspectives, preferences, life goals and values (Duggan et al. 2006). As a result, the medical profession has harkened to hypocrites clarion call that “It is better to know the patient who has the disease, than it is to know the disease which the patient has”. The relationship between physician and patient changed from top-down to down-top in the medical profession (Greiner & Knebel 2003). Traditionally, there were models like biomedical model, which did not consider the human side of a patient. Jewson (1976, p. 235) analysis that in the biomedical model the “patient” was “designated a passive and uncritical role in the consultative relationship and his main function” was to “endure and wait.” According to Doyal (1983, p.31) in the traditional models “the disease had become more important than the person who harboured it.” However, there has been a shift to models that consider other factors such as social, psychological and environmental in shaping the context of a disease and illness. An example is the bio-psychosocial which has sought to understand medical conditions through the analysis of a variety of factors. The model acknowledges that in a disease context, there are many factors such as behavior and attitude towards the illness, social as well as psychological factors (Engel, 2012). The narratives from the patients are today extensively applied to explore the patient experiences with illness (Charon 2001; Kleinman 1988). In this case, the awareness of the binary relationship between disease and illness has revolutionarised the medical practice. This is the difference between the biomedical constructs of the pathophysiological processes and individual’s subjective experience of the patient explored in other models that consider disease as a result of myriad factors (Kleinman 1988). The exploration of patient narrative is relevant in the case of diabetes because patients and physicians have different perceptions, concerns and goals (Anderson 1986; Freeman & Loewe 2000). In this assignment, a patient’s story on her experience with diabetes will be explored with an aim to construct the cultural, social and psychological meaning and locate the facts in contemporary theoretical perspectives. The real names and hospital where the patient, whose narrative is to be used in this analysis, was encountered have been altered to comply with the NMC guidelines and policies of confidentiality (NMC, 2008). During my placement last year, I went on an outreach visit for diabetic campaign and met Mrs. Jones. Born in 1981, Mrs. Jones is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. She is black American and so were his mother and father. Since her mother and father were separated, she was raised up by her mother for the good part of her life. Her parents separated when she was eleven. Her mother was working as a town clerk. By then, they lived in New York, but they later moved with her mother and brother to Los Angeles. Her brother, Jakes later moved back to New York where he lives today with his wife and three children. Her brother is not diabetic, but he is very understanding and sympathetic of his sister’s condition. He frequently calls her and visits her boys during long vacation for company. Mrs. Jones works as a secretary with one of security firms in Los Angeles. She has worked with the company for the last ten years. Her supervisor is aware of her health status, and he is very supportive and understanding, so she does not have uneasy time at work. She leaves at 6 am for work and comes at 7 pm on weekdays. On weekends, she works from 8 am to 4 pm. On Sunday she is free to go to church and visit her children in boarding school. Mrs. Jones has been under diabetes treatment for the last six years. Blaxter (1983) argues that women, who are working like Mrs. Jones, are likely to hold functional conceptualisations of health. Mrs. Jones was first diagnosed with diabetes at age 17 when she had a serious case of wound in her leg. Immediately she started treatment and therapy as directed by her doctor, the wound healed. With time, she stopped the medication and regimen until she was pregnant for her second child Read the full article

[own-adhd]

Can ADHD Cause Problems with Reading?

Introduction

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that affect daily functioning. While ADHD primarily impacts focus and behavior regulation, it can also intersect with other critical skills, including reading. This article explores the relationship between ADHD and reading difficulties, the challenges faced by individuals, and evidence-based interventions to mitigate these issues.

The Connection Between ADHD and Reading Challenges

ADHD's impact on reading stems from its core symptoms—difficulty sustaining attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These symptoms interfere with various stages of reading, including decoding, comprehension, and retention. Research highlights that individuals with ADHD may have trouble concentrating on text, following storylines, or remembering key details, leading to frustration and disengagement.

Co-occurrence of ADHD and Reading Disorders

ADHD often co-occurs with specific learning disabilities like dyslexia, exacerbating reading difficulties. The study "The Co-occurrence of Reading Disorder and ADHD: Epidemiology, Treatment, Psychosocial Impact, and Economic Burden" reveals a significant overlap between ADHD and reading disorders. This intersection amplifies challenges in educational settings, as these students require targeted interventions to address dual deficits.

Understanding How ADHD Impacts Reading

1. Decoding and Phonemic Awareness

Children with ADHD may struggle with phonemic awareness—the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in words. This difficulty can hinder decoding, a foundational skill for reading fluency.

2. Sustained Attention and Focus

Reading requires sustained attention, but ADHD often results in frequent distractions. Students with ADHD may skim text without fully engaging, missing critical comprehension cues.

3. Working Memory Limitations

ADHD-related deficits in working memory impair the ability to retain and integrate information from text. As a result, reading comprehension and retention are significantly impacted.

4. Impulsivity in Reading Tasks

Impulsivity can manifest as skipping lines, misreading words, or rushing through passages without understanding the content, further complicating learning processes.

Are Reading Interventions Effective for ADHD?

Research emphasizes the importance of tailored reading interventions for individuals with ADHD. The meta-analysis "Are Reading Interventions Effective for At-Risk Readers with ADHD?" found that evidence-based interventions, particularly those incorporating behavioral and cognitive strategies, can improve reading outcomes. These include:

Explicit Phonics Instruction: Structured teaching of phonemes and letter-sound relationships.

Interactive Reading Techniques: Encouraging active engagement through questioning and summarization.

Behavioral Supports: Using positive reinforcement and structured routines to maintain focus during reading tasks.

Strategies for Supporting Readers with ADHD

1. Establishing a Reading Routine

A consistent schedule helps create predictability, reducing anxiety and improving focus.

2. Incorporating Multisensory Approaches

Techniques such as audiobooks, visual aids, and hands-on activities enhance engagement and retention.

3. Breaking Reading into Manageable Chunks

Dividing reading tasks into smaller segments prevents overwhelm and allows for more frequent breaks.

4. Providing Targeted Support

Using individualized learning plans (ILPs) ensures interventions are customized to address the unique needs of each student.

5. Leveraging Technology

Apps and digital tools designed for ADHD learners can assist in improving focus and decoding skills.

Broader Implications of ADHD on Literacy Development

The challenges associated with ADHD extend beyond academics, influencing psychosocial and economic aspects. The previously mentioned study "The Co-occurrence of Reading Disorder and ADHD" also highlights the economic burden on families and educational systems. Early intervention is critical to reduce long-term implications, such as reduced career opportunities and self-esteem issues.

Addressing Common Myths

Myth 1: ADHD Automatically Means Poor Reading Skills

Not all individuals with ADHD struggle with reading; the impact varies widely.

Myth 2: Medication Alone Solves Reading Problems

While medication may improve attention, it is not a standalone solution for reading challenges. A combination of pharmacological and educational strategies is most effective.

Myth 3: ADHD and Dyslexia Are the Same

Though they may co-occur, ADHD and dyslexia are distinct conditions requiring different interventions.

Conclusion

ADHD undeniably influences reading abilities, but it does not preclude success. With a combination of personalized interventions, supportive environments, and evidence-based strategies, individuals with ADHD can overcome reading challenges and thrive academically. Further exploration of this topic is available through resources like "Can ADHD Cause Problems with Reading?", which provides practical insights for managing these difficulties effectively.

FAQs

1. Can ADHD lead to lifelong reading challenges?Yes, untreated ADHD can result in persistent reading difficulties, but interventions can significantly improve outcomes.

2. What are the best interventions for ADHD-related reading issues?Interventions like phonics instruction, behavioral strategies, and multisensory learning are highly effective.

3. How does ADHD affect reading comprehension?ADHD impacts working memory and sustained attention, which are essential for understanding and retaining information from text.

4. Are ADHD and reading disabilities always linked?No, while they often co-occur, not all individuals with ADHD have reading disabilities.

5. Can adults with ADHD overcome reading challenges?Yes, adults can benefit from tailored strategies, technology, and professional support to improve their reading skills.

6. Is medication necessary for improving reading in ADHD?Medication helps manage ADHD symptoms but works best when combined with educational interventions.

[izwakele]

why maternal and child health is important to society. The analysis on how this has implications for Occupational Therapy practice, particularly at a community level, and life within community I work in

Maternal and child health is the key elements contributing to the survival of our communities. Due to increasing number of homes led by single mothers and women. According to stat SA, in total of 18 million households in South Africa more than two- fifths (42%) were headed by women with staggering 47% of women leading families in rural areas (StatSA, 2022). This is clear indication of the importance of equipping women in our communities with better health for the survival of our societies.

But for decades the government has been fighting the battle against psychosocial and economic barriers that hinder and contribute to death of women and children. Although the mortality rate of children dying under five years old is decreasing there are still concerning figures as of 2022, 4.9 million children died that is 13 400 children dying every day and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 810 women die daily due to complications related to pregnancy and childbirth (WHO, 2021). These numbers really set a different tone in the services delivered in ensuring the health of mother and child – these figures go beyond survival rates.

The psychosocial barriers mentioned in vast number of articles include pregnancy related complications and preexisting maternal diseases. In one of the studies done in South Africa the results highlighted the cause of poor health outcome for women. Those causes were poor facilities, lack of primary health care, poor referral system form clinics to hospitals, no antenatal care, lack of awareness, lack of appropriate trained staff, poor assessment and recognition of these diagnosis (Mabaso et al., 2014). All these could have been avoided and contained within the health system.

The importance of maternal health in our society exceeds survival for all. What the society fail to understand is that a healthy mother can be able to provide the health environment for a child leading to proper development (Phua et al., 2020). One of clients seen in psychosocial block was admitted for acute psychosis said the reason she was failing to fulfil her roles - poor ability to take care of her 2-year-old child leading to malnutrition of the child was due to lack of support from her family (her immediate society) – her words were “I can’t pour from an empty cup”. Poor maternal mental health can have a negative impact on children health, hindering their development and contributing to cycle of poor health outcome further disabling our societies. In essence good maternal and child health create a good society as children can grow and contribute to the betterment of our communities

The poor maternal health in South Africa is the leading cause to poverty in homes as the mothers are too weak or too sick to work. Thus, further increasing the unemployment rate, burden in tax, dependency on men contributing to abuse of women and children. All these create cracks in our already bleeding society. One of the things I had noticed in the community in informal settlements when mothers brought their children to the ECD was the lack of life, poor health and poverty. One of the mothers was walking slow and poorly kept – this made me think about how she was managing the home, how she also needed taking care of. Most of the mothers when they bring their children, they go to the clinic in the property to get their medications and food – they are facing issues like abuse, poverty, poor housing, stigma and poor mental health.

Occupational therapy has a crucial role in addressing the psychosocial barriers that hinders maternal and child health especially in community level as this profession take pride in providing primary health care accessible to all and tailored for the needs of the people. In the community levels services like health promotion and outreach programmes are utilised in addressing stigma and raising awareness in services available for women in occupational therapy (Lassi et al., 2016).  The occupational therapist utilises tools like advocacy for women and equipping them with skills/opportunities to advocate for themselves. Occupational therapist also plays a role in prevention through use of education about postnatal care, child development and maternal mental health. One of the OT interventions is providing therapy in primary health care like screening developmental delays, support groups tailored for the needs of the community, psychosocial support, and intervention for physical limitations (Lassi et al., 2016).

Occupational therapist in the community needed to utilise observations and black consciousness when working in the community as most of the things can not obtained from files or interview with patient as the community as a whole is recognise as a patient. Therapist should reflect and questions their intervention at all times as the community is forever changing. I had noted that most of our projects in the community are only effective for a certain period of time irrespective of sustainability measures in place as the communities’ changes, it could be either new barriers are emerging or there is improvement in health outcomes- which is why it essential for community OT to be flexible and adapt to the changes in people’s lives

The intervention for physical limitations focusses on management of illnesses – this requires OT to be equipped with principles of rehabilitation and remediation when working with clients. This had been on of the difficulties I faced in community as I was now used to treating clients in acute phase. I had struggles with identifying the correct intervention for the client with CV from 2 years ago, when I found out she had learned independence in herb ADL, social participation and IADLS – I had found myself confused on what to do next. It Is essential that when community OT are in acute wards to think further on to what the management strategy for this client will be if she was seen in the community level.

In conclusion, maternal and child health should the priority especially in primary health care as it is the future of our communities. As we pride ourselves in evidence-based practise, occupational therapist in community level should utilise research in understanding what is required by different communities and be critical thinkers that see the community for what it is.

References

StatSA. (2022, October 19). Economic, social and political empowerment are critical for achieving gender equality in SA | Statistics South Africa. STATS SA. https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=15833

Mabaso, M. H. L., Ndaba, T., & Mkhize-Kwitshana, Z. L. (2014). Overview of Maternal, Neonatal and Child Deaths in South Africa: Challenges, Opportunities, Progress and Future Prospects. International Journal of MCH and AIDS, 2(2), 182–189. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4948143/

Phua, D. Y., Kee, M. Z. L., & Meaney, M. J. (2020). Positive Maternal Mental Health, Parenting, and Child Development. Biological Psychiatry, 87(4), 328–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.028

Lassi, Z. S., Kumar, R., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2016). Community-Based Care to Improve Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (R. E. Black, R. Laxminarayan, M. Temmerman, & N. Walker, Eds.). PubMed; The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361898/#:~:text=Results%20from%20a%20systematic%20review

[chengranx]

Social Function of Guide Dogs and Search Dogs

Theory and Practice Content Overview:

In this blog, I will summarize the systematic literature review of Rodriguez et al. (2020) and discuss the social function dogs (such as guide blind dogs and search dogs) The impact of psychosocial health and overall well-being. Through this document, I will show the important role of social function dogs in improving the quality of life of people with disabilities, enhancing mental health, and ensuring public safety, and discuss how these findings can support my research.

Review of the research of Rodriguez et al. (2020):

The research of Rodriguez et al. analyzes the role of assistance dogs in improving individual psychosocial health and improving overall happiness through a systematic literature review. This review summarizes a number of studies and reveals how social functional dogs positively affect their owners and society in many ways.

The main findings include:

Improvement of mental health:

Rodriguez et al. pointed out that social functional dogs have significantly reduced individual anxiety and depressive symptoms by providing emotional support, companionship and help. Especially in the face of life challenges or pressure, these dogs can provide unconditional support so that individuals can better cope with psychological difficulties.

Improving the quality of life:

Social function dogs not only help individuals complete their daily tasks, but also significantly improve their quality of life by enhancing their independence and self-confidence. Through daily interaction and help, these dogs improve the convenience of the lives of the disabled and enable them to participate more actively in social activities.

Promote social interaction and reduce loneliness:

Research shows that social function dogs also play an important role in promoting social interaction. Individuals with these dogs are more likely to participate in social activities and reduce social isolation. Guide dogs and search dogs not only provide practical help, but also enhance the social confidence and participation of individuals through their existence.

Safeguarding public safety:

Although the research of Rodriguez et al. mainly focuses on the impact of auxiliary dogs on individual health, their extensive analysis of social functional dogs also shows the importance of these dogs in ensuring public safety. The search dog helps detect and prevent potential security threats through its highly trained olfactory ability, thus protecting the safety of a large number of people in public places.

The multiple roles of social function dogs in modern society:

Through the research of Rodriguez and others, we can see more clearly the multiple roles and far-reaching influence of social function dogs in modern society.

Individual support:

Guide dogs greatly improve the self-confidence and quality of life of visually impaired people by helping them live independently. They not only provide physical support, but also provide psychological comfort and stability for these individuals. Searching dogs play a vital role in ensuring public safety, especially in preventing terrorist activities and detecting dangerous goods, which bring a great sense of security to society.

Social impact:

Social function dogs play an equally important role in promoting social interaction and reducing loneliness. They not only help people with disabilities integrate into society, but also enhance the cohesion and sense of security of society through their work and interaction.

Combination of theory and practice:

The research of Rodriguez et al. provides important theoretical support for my project, especially in showing how social function dogs can improve the quality of life of individuals and ensure public safety. These findings will guide me to further explore the practical application of guide dogs and search dogs in the Hamilton community in follow-up research.

In my research, I plan to have an in-depth understanding of the role of these social function dogs in real life through field surveys and interviews, and show how they play a role in different social contexts through photography and video recordings. My goal is to further reveal the importance of social function dogs in modern society through these studies, and call for more attention and support from society for the contribution of these animals.

[isocertification-in-denmark24]

ISO 45001 Certification: A Stepping Stone for Danish Workplace Safety in 2024 / Uncategorized / By Factocert Mysore

ISO 45001 Certification in Denmark

ISO 45001 Certification in Denmark In the contemporary aggressive commercial business enterprise landscape, prioritizing worker fitness and protection must be more comprehensive. It’s a strategic imperative. This is wherein ISO 45001 certification is available, presenting a globally diagnosed framework for companies in Denmark to demonstrate their willpower for occupational health and protection (OH&S) excellence.

Why ISO 45001 in Denmark?

Enhanced Credibility: Danish companies searching for tenders or going for walks with worldwide companions can leverage ISO 45001 certification as a mark of distinction. It indicates a proactive approach to developing a steady work environment.

Improved Risk Management: The structured method of ISO 45001 lets groups become aware of and mitigate functionality risks, stopping accidents and painting-related ailments. This interprets to decrease charges related to downtime and worker compensation.

Boosted Employee Morale: A secure place of business fosters employees’ safety and well-being. This can bring about advanced morale, productivity, and engagement.

Alignment with Danish Work Culture: Denmark strongly emphasizes worker well-being. ISO 45001 enhances this interest by supplying a tool based on non-forestall development in OH&S.

What’s New with ISO 45001 in 2024?

While ISO 45001 isn’t new, it must stay updated on high-quality practices and emerging trends. Here’s what’s gaining traction in 2024:

Integration with a type of Management System: Organizations are increasingly searching to combine ISO 45001 with other management structures like ISO 9001 (Quality) and ISO 14001 (Environment) for a holistic method.

Focus on Mental Health: Mental fitness is a global workplace challenge. Leading ISO 45001 implementations incorporate techniques to deal with psychosocial risks and sell highbrow nicely-being.

Technological Advancements: Technological upgrades like wearable safety devices and statistics analytics proactively identify and control protection risks.

Getting Started with ISO 45001 Certification in Denmark

Our bodies carry out several approved certifications in Denmark. Here’s a advocated approach:

Gap Analysis: Assess your OH&S control gadget competing with the ISO 45001 necessities.

Implementation: Develop a documented OH&S control tool based on ISO 45001.

Internal Audit: Conduct internal audits to ensure the device functions efficiently.

Certification Audit: Undergo an audit using the useful resource of a designated certification frame to obtain formal certification.

Conclusion

ISO 45001 certification in Denmark is strategic funding that blesses employers and employees. Organizations can beautify their popularity, beautify operational efficiency, and foster a thriving workplace way of existence by prioritizing a steady and wholesome painting surroundings.

Why Factocert for ISO 45001 Certification in Denmark

We provide the best ISO consultants Who are knowledgeable and provide the best solution. And to know how to get ISO certification. Kindly reach us at contact@factocert.com. work according to ISO standards and help organizations implement ISO certification in Denmark  with proper documentation.

For more information, visit ISO 45001 Certification in Denmark.

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Analytical View: Schizophrenia Drugs Market Report

Market Overview –

The schizophrenia market is dynamic, marked by ongoing research into understanding and managing schizophrenia symptoms. Pharmaceutical companies are focusing on developing medications to alleviate symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. As awareness grows and stigma diminishes, there's an increasing emphasis on personalized treatment approaches, driving innovation and growth in the market.

The size of the schizophrenia market was estimated at USD 5.5 billion in 2022 and is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9% between 2023 and 2030, from USD 5.76 billion in 2023 to USD 8.06 billion.

The schizophrenia drugs market addresses pharmaceuticals used in treating schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and impaired social functioning. This market encompasses a variety of medications, including antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and psychosocial therapies, aimed at managing symptoms and improving patients' quality of life.

A significant driver of the schizophrenia drugs market is the high prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide. Factors such as genetic predisposition, neurochemical imbalances, and environmental stressors contribute to the development of this chronic condition, necessitating ongoing treatment and management.

Advancements in pharmacology have led to the development of more effective and better-tolerated antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia. Second-generation antipsychotics, also known as atypical antipsychotics, have largely replaced older, first-generation drugs due to their improved side effect profiles and efficacy in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the schizophrenia drugs market, with disruptions in healthcare services, reduced access to mental health care, and increased stressors exacerbating symptoms for some individuals with schizophrenia. However, telemedicine and remote mental health services have emerged as valuable tools in providing ongoing care and support for patients during the pandemic.

Segmentation –

The global schizophrenia market is segmented on the basis of by diagnosis, by treatment type, and by end user. On the basis of the diagnosis, it is segmented into blood and urine tests, brain imaging, vision testing, and others. On the basis of the treatment type, it is segmented into surgery, radiation therapy, medications, and others. On the basis of the end user, it is segmented into hospitals, clinics, diagnostic centers, rehabilitation centers and others.

Regional Analysis –

Regional analysis of the schizophrenia drugs market reveals disparities in disease prevalence, treatment guidelines, and healthcare infrastructure across different regions. In developed regions like North America and Europe, where there is a higher incidence of schizophrenia and well-established mental health services, the market for schizophrenia drugs is mature, with a wide range of antipsychotic medications available for both acute and maintenance therapy. Conversely, in developing regions with limited access to psychiatric care and resources, such as parts of Africa and Asia-Pacific, the market for schizophrenia treatment is still evolving, with challenges related to stigma, underdiagnosis, and inadequate treatment options.

Moreover, cultural beliefs and healthcare policies influence treatment-seeking behaviors and medication adherence among schizophrenia patients across different regions. As awareness of mental health disorders increases globally, there is a growing opportunity for market expansion through collaborative efforts to improve access to evidence-based treatments, enhance healthcare infrastructure, and destigmatize mental illness in diverse cultural contexts.

Key Players –

Schizophrenia companies include Johnson & Johnson, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Company/Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Alkermes, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Pfizer, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, and Allergan/Geodon Ritcher.

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For more information visit at MarketResearchFuture