#php interview questions

[tpointtechblogs]

Online Php Compiler

Visit the blog: https://www.londonprnews.com/online-php-compiler

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TOP PHP Interview Questions and Answers in Hindi

[bestonlineinterviewquestions]

(via https://imgur.com/gallery/6SDtPIO)

[rohit-69]

HTML Interview Questions

Are you gearing up for an HTML interview and seeking valuable insights? Look no further! This article provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of essential HTML concepts, offering guidance to help you ace your upcoming interview.

Understanding HTML Basics: The Foundation of Web Development

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, serves as the cornerstone of web development. It is utilized to craft web pages and applications, forming the backbone of the internet. As you prepare for your interview, familiarize yourself with the fundamental structure of an HTML document, comprising the document head and body. The head holds crucial information such as title, meta tags, and scripts, while the body encapsulates visible content like text and images.

HTML documents consist of elements identified by tags, encompassing opening and closing tags or self-closing tags. Tags, along with attributes, define the appearance and behavior of elements. Nesting elements within one another allows for the creation of intricate structures effortlessly.

Key HTML Concepts: Dive Deeper for Interview Success

Attributes and Usage: Attributes provide additional details about HTML elements, such as size or color. Understanding how to use attributes is crucial, especially in elements like links () where the "href" attribute determines the destination URL.

Comments in HTML: HTML comments offer developers a means to provide insights without displaying information on the webpage. Employing encapsulates comments, aiding in code comprehension and error reduction.

Common Lists in Web Design: Various lists play pivotal roles in web design, including navigation menu lists, header lists, footer lists, form fields lists, article lists, images and media lists, and typical content area lists. Mastery of these ensures organized and user-friendly webpages.

Text Section Separation Tags: HTML tags such as , -, , , , and aid in segmenting text sections. Utilizing attributes like id or class further refines text formatting, while CSS and JavaScript enhance customization.

Alternative Text for Images: Alt-text in HTML provides concise image descriptions, enhancing accessibility for visually impaired users and aiding search engines in proper indexing. It serves as a textual alternative in case images cannot be displayed.

URL Encoding in HTML: Encoding URLs in HTML ensures correct display, prevents cross-site scripting attacks, and aids search engine interpretation. It contributes to improved website visibility and security.

Collapsing White Space: Collapsing white space in HTML streamlines code, fostering concise and efficient development. It eliminates unnecessary spaces, enhances readability, and contributes to faster webpage loading.

Border and Rule Attributes: Both border and rule attributes define borders around HTML elements, with 'border' serving as shorthand for various properties. Understanding their interplay is essential for crafting visually appealing elements.

List Element Organization: Employing CSS styling, HTML tags ( and ), and style classes aids in keeping list elements organized within an HTML file. This ensures a structured and visually pleasing document.

Creating Hyperlinks: Crafting hyperlinks involves utilizing the tag with the "href" attribute to specify the linked page's destination. Optional attributes like "target" can control how the link opens.

Text Field Size Limits: Text field size limits in HTML depend on the programming language and framework. HTML5-compatible browsers typically support a vast character limit, but reasonable constraints are advisable for user-friendly interactions.

HTML5 Form Elements: HTML5 introduces new form elements, including , , , , , range input, color picker control, and date/time inputs. Familiarity with these enhances form functionality and user experience.

CSS Integration in HTML: HTML supports three types of CSS integration: internal, external, and inline. Each method offers distinct advantages, allowing developers to tailor styling to specific needs while maintaining code organization.

JavaScript Application in HTML: Integrating JavaScript into HTML involves using the tag to add scripts, either inline or through external files. JavaScript enhances webpage interactivity, form validation, and dynamic content.

Navigating HTML Challenges: Overcoming Common Hurdles

As you delve into HTML, anticipate challenges like invalid syntax, poor layout, and cross-browser compatibility issues. Validating syntax, ensuring an appealing layout, and testing across browsers are crucial steps in delivering a seamless web experience.

Conclusion: Elevate Your HTML Interview Preparedness

Preparing for an HTML interview requires a multifaceted approach. Delve into coding, design, problem-solving, and industry-specific questions. Recognize the nuances between frontend and backend roles and understand the demands of junior, midlevel, and senior positions. Stay informed about relevant technologies and coding languages, and practice mock interviews to enhance your confidence and response time.

Remember, meticulous research and preparation significantly increase your chances of success in an HTML interview. Engage with experienced individuals, both as interviewees and interviewers, to gain valuable insights. Your commitment to due diligence will establish credibility throughout the interview process. Best of luck!

If you want to know more Scaler Academy Reviews or courses then do visit - analyticsjobs

[upscalerat]

i just had a job interview (yay bc i need a job!) and the hiring manager told me it was gonna be in php and mysql (boo bc im not as skilled in those) so i spent the last two days brushing up as much i could (thanks leetcode) (couldnt find any semblance of what sort of questions i would be asked so anxiety) to get there and have them quiz me on fundamentals and experience (oh no i didnt prep for that) but i think i did well SO???

[azurestarrysky]

"I want to be a developer"

Sometimes I wonder if this phrase from the job interview was the reason why exactly I was chosen among other people to be accepted to work in the company. Seriously, I performed really so-so, answered some questions and didn't answer the others, while being overall extremely nervous and anxious. Could I make a good impression back then?

In the very end of the job interview, they asked me: "what do you plan to do next?". And I said exactly what was in my mind and heart, that, no matter if I'm going to be accepted by their company or not, I will continue to study programming until I'll finally be able to become a good developer. And I was surprised myself how passionate that my phrase from the title sounded in result…

I was trying to control myself, but I guess I failed because of being worried? Who knows. I wanted to become a developer since being 15-16 y.o, I actually love creating my own programs and reading programming-related sites, but after graduation from uni I ended up not being able to find job for more than a year, experiencing constant humilitation from my father, HRs and myself. Of course I want to get a job exactly in this sphere, otherwise I'd give up long time ago!!!

And now it's been more than 4 weeks already, when I'm finally working officially as a trainee PHP backend developer in one of the best companies of the country, but the only thing I wish for is that I'll finally be able to stop being a failure, who constantly fail, fail at everything I touch. I wonder what the person, the head of backend department, who participated in my job interview, thinks about it now… The people here are super kind and nice, and the company is working on very cool projects, so I feel that it's a really rare, precious chance to work in such a dream company, but I wonder if I can do better than I'm doing already. In theory I should use any chance to show everything I can do, but thanks to failures I only start to think more that I actually can't do anything, and, if I'll try to be brave and confident, everybody will see that in reality I have nothing to show.

[infograins-tcs]

PHP Training in Indore – Build Dynamic Web Applications with Infograins TCS

Start Your Web Development Journey with PHP

In the digital-first era, dynamic websites and web apps power most online platforms. PHP, a robust and widely-used scripting language, continues to dominate backend development. If you're aiming to begin or advance your web development career, PHP Training in Indore at Infograins TCS offers the right mix of practical knowledge, expert mentorship, and industry relevance.

What Our PHP Course Covers

Our comprehensive PHP Course in Indore is tailored for aspiring developers who want to master backend programming. The course covers PHP syntax, database integration with MySQL, working with MVC frameworks like Laravel, and implementing real-time projects. Whether you're a student or a professional, our program ensures you gain job-ready skills with hands-on training sessions and live project exposure.

Key Advantages – Why Learn PHP with Us

Choosing our PHP Training in Indore means gaining a professional edge:

Practical training with real-world application scenarios.

Integration with MySQL, Ajax, JavaScript, and popular PHP frameworks.

Expert trainers from industry backgrounds.

Certification that enhances employability.

Internship and job assistance support. These features combine to deliver a full-stack backend development experience that's aligned with current industry needs.

Why Choose Infograins TCS – Learn from the Experts

Infograins TCS stands out as a trusted PHP Training Institute in Indore thanks to our industry-oriented approach and consistent student success. Here's what makes us a top choice:

Up-to-date course content designed by experienced developers.

Small batch sizes for personalized attention.

Flexible scheduling options for students and working professionals.

Structured learning pathway from basics to advanced concepts. We focus not just on teaching but on transforming learners into professionals ready to handle client projects.

Certification Programs at Infograins TCS

At Infograins TCS, our certification programs are crafted to give you more than just a certificate—they provide validation of your practical skills and experience. After completing our PHP Training in Indore, students receive a recognized certificate that adds credibility to their resumes and opens doors to better career opportunities.

After Certification – Your Career Opportunities

Once you complete the course and receive certification, you become eligible for various job roles such as PHP Developer, Backend Developer, Full Stack Developer (with additional frontend skills), and Web Application Developer. We assist our students with internship placements, resume building, and interview preparation so they can confidently enter the job market.

Explore Our More Courses – Expand Your Technical Toolkit

In addition to PHP Training in Indore, Infograins TCS also offers:

Full Stack Development

Python and Django Training

Java and Advanced Java

Software Testing (Manual + Automation)

DevOps and AWS Cloud

Flutter and Android App Development

These complementary courses enable you to diversify your IT skills and broaden your career opportunities in the tech industry.

Why We Are the Right Learning Partner

Infograins TCS is more than an institute—we are a growth partner. Our teaching model combines live sessions, real project implementation, technical mentorship, and job readiness training. Our PHP Training in Indore helps you not only learn the language but also understand its real-world application in building scalable and secure websites.

FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions

1. Who is eligible to join the PHP course? Students, recent graduates, and working professionals with a basic understanding of HTML and programming logic can enroll in our PHP course.

2. Will I receive a certificate after course completion? Yes. Upon successful completion of the course and assessments, students receive an industry-recognized certificate from Infograins TCS.

3. Do you provide job or internship assistance? Yes, we offer internship opportunities and placement support to help you apply your skills in real industry environments.

4. Is this PHP training suitable for complete beginners? Absolutely. Our course starts from the basics and gradually progresses to advanced topics, making it ideal for beginners.

5. What is the duration of the PHP course? The course typically runs for 8–12 weeks, depending on the batch and your preferred schedule (weekday/weekend).

Begin Your Web Development Career with Infograins TCS

With the ever-growing demand for skilled web developers, learning PHP is a smart career move. Enroll at Infograins TCS—the top destination for PHP Training in Indore—and gain hands-on knowledge, industry exposure, and the confidence to succeed in real-world development roles.

[mitvpusolapur]

Top Skills You Must Learn During B.Tech in Computer Science to Get Placed Faster

Many students take up a B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering to start a career in the tech industry. The course gives a good mix of theory and practical knowledge. But just attending classes is not enough. Companies look for students who have strong skills and real project experience. Learning the right skills during college helps students get placed faster.

1. Programming Languages

Every student in B.Tech in CSE must learn at least one or two programming languages. These are used to build apps, websites, and software tools. Companies ask questions about these languages during job interviews.

Focus on:

Python

Java

C++

These languages help in writing code for many types of software. It is good to practice regularly and solve problems online.

2. Data Structures and Algorithms

This is one of the most important subjects in computer science. It helps students solve problems in less time and with better logic. Many placement tests include coding rounds based on this topic. Students learn how to store data and use it in smart ways.

3. Database Management

Most apps and websites store user data. A good developer should know how to handle this data. Students learn SQL and how databases like MySQL or MongoDB work. This skill helps in back-end development and data handling roles.

4. Web Development

Many companies hire web developers. Learning web development allows students to build their own websites and projects. It also improves design and coding skills.

Start with:

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Front-end tools like React

Back-end basics using Node.js or PHP

5. Operating Systems and Networking Basics

Every system runs on an operating system, and every app connects to a network. Students should understand how these systems work. This knowledge helps in roles like system admin, network engineer, and cloud engineer.

6. Version Control Tools

In most companies, teams work together on a single project. Version control helps track changes and fix errors. Git is the most used version control tool. Students use platforms like GitHub to store and share their code.

7. Soft Skills and Communication

Technical skills are important, but soft skills matter too. Good communication helps in explaining ideas and working in teams. Many colleges offer training in group discussion and interview handling.

Look for colleges that give:

Coding practice platforms

Industry projects

Mock interviews and group tasks

Soft skill sessions

Final Words

Students in B.Tech in computer science and engineering should focus on both classroom learning and skill development. The best colleges for B Tech computer science help students grow in both areas. Strong skills and smart practice give a better chance at getting placed quickly. Keep learning and keep building.

[attitudetallyacademy]

Web Development Roadmap for Students to Get Hired Fast

Introduction

In today’s digital era, web development is a career with vast opportunities and rapid growth. If you're a student eager to build a strong foundation and get hired quickly in this competitive industry, having a clear roadmap is crucial. This guide will walk you through essential steps and skills to master, helping you transition from a beginner to a confident web developer ready for the job market.

Step 1: Learn the Basics of Web Designing and Development

Before diving into coding, it's important to understand the fundamentals of web designing and development. Enroll in a web designing course or web designing coaching institute to gain hands-on experience with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. These core technologies are the building blocks of any website and are crucial to becoming a skilled web developer.

Many students prefer web designing classes or web designing training institute to get structured learning with expert guidance. This foundational knowledge will help you understand how websites are built and styled.

Step 2: Master Frontend and Backend Development

Once comfortable with the basics, focus on frontend development, where you create the visible parts of a website users interact with. Skills like responsive design and working with frameworks such as React or Angular are highly valued.

Simultaneously, learning backend development — which deals with servers, databases, and application logic — is important. Consider joining a web development course or web development training institute to explore server-side languages like Node.js, PHP, or Python.

For a more comprehensive skill set, look into a full stack web development course in Yamuna Vihar or full stack web development training. Full stack developers, who handle both frontend and backend tasks, are in high demand.

Step 3: Explore UI/UX Design Fundamentals

Understanding user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design can set you apart from other developers. This knowledge helps you build websites that are not only functional but also user-friendly and visually appealing.

Enroll in ui/ux courses with certificate in Yamuna Vihar or user interface design course to get started. These courses cover UX design fundamentals and offer certifications that add value to your portfolio.

You can also find ui ux design certification and ui ux designing coaching centre in Yamuna Vihar to deepen your skills in this area.

Step 4: Gain Practical Experience and Build a Portfolio

Theory is important, but practical experience is key to getting hired fast. Work on real projects, either through internships or freelance gigs, to apply your knowledge.

Look for web development coaching centre or web development classes that emphasize project work and portfolio development. A strong portfolio showcasing websites or applications you’ve built will impress potential employers.

Step 5: Learn Programming Languages like Python and Java

For backend and full stack roles, programming languages like Python and Java are essential. Join a python programming course or java full stack developer course to build proficiency.

These courses often offer python certification course or full stack developer certification , which help validate your skills to recruiters.

Step 6: Prepare for Interviews and Stay Updated

Landing your first job requires interview preparation. Practice coding problems, understand common interview questions, and be ready to explain your projects.

Stay updated with the latest technologies by attending workshops or joining web designing coaching centre in Uttam Nagarand full stack web development coaching institute.

Final Thoughts

Starting your journey with the right training at reputed institutes, such as web designing coaching in Yamuna Vihar or full stack developer training , is vital. Combining technical skills with UI/UX knowledge and real-world experience dramatically increases your chances to get hired quickly.

Remember, consistency and continuous learning are key in the fast-evolving web development industry. Follow this roadmap, practice regularly, and soon you’ll be ready to take on exciting opportunities in web development.

If you're looking for quality web development training or web designing course in Uttam Nagar, focus on institutes that offer practical projects, updated curriculum, and placement assistance to boost your career growth effectively.

Suggested Links: –

Oracle Database Administration

MY SQL Training

PHP Development

[tpointtechblogs]

PHP Compiler

Visit the blog: https://bipjacksonville.com/php-compiler

[nulledclubproblog]

Human Resources Management Nulled Script 1.0G

Unlock Business Efficiency with Human Resources Management Nulled Script Looking for a comprehensive, cost-effective way to streamline your HR operations? The Human Resources Management Nulled Script is your all-in-one solution. This powerful script is crafted to automate and simplify human resource processes within the popular Perfex CRM platform. Designed for startups, SMBs, and large enterprises alike, this nulled version gives you access to premium features without the hefty price tag. What Is the Human Resources Management Nulled Script? The Human Resources Management Nulled Script is a robust HR module that integrates seamlessly with Perfex CRM. It empowers companies to manage employee data, attendance, payroll, and leaves—right from one centralized dashboard. From hiring to exit interviews, this script ensures every step in the HR lifecycle is smooth and automated. Best of all, you can download it for free and start benefiting instantly. Technical Specifications Platform: Perfex CRM Module Current Version: v1.0.9 File Format: PHP/MySQL Compatibility: Compatible with Perfex CRM v2.9+ Installation: Module import via Perfex CRM Admin Panel Features and Benefits Employee Management: Maintain detailed employee records with roles, departments, and contract details. Attendance Tracking: Automated clock-in/clock-out system with real-time data analytics. Leave Management: Manage employee leave applications, balances, and approvals effortlessly. Payroll Automation: Generate monthly payrolls, manage allowances, deductions, and print payslips in one click. Performance Tracking: Monitor and assess employee KPIs for better decision-making. Why Choose the Human Resources Management Nulled Script? This script brings high-end enterprise HR capabilities to your fingertips at zero cost. Unlike standard HR tools, it is tightly integrated with Perfex CRM, ensuring seamless workflow across departments. With the Human Resources Management , you don’t just save money—you gain operational speed, accuracy, and agility. Use Cases Small Businesses: Automate HR without investing in expensive tools or hiring dedicated staff. Agencies: Manage remote teams with centralized data and simplified payroll. Corporations: Enhance your existing CRM with a complete HR suite for internal operations. Installation Guide Download the Human Resources Management Nulled Script from our website. Log in to your Perfex CRM Admin Panel. Navigate to Setup > Modules > Upload Module. Select the downloaded zip file and click “Install.” Activate the module, configure settings, and start managing your HR processes efficiently. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Is it safe to use the Human Resources Management Nulled Script? Yes. We ensure that all our downloadable files are thoroughly scanned and tested for security and performance. Does this module require coding knowledge? No. The script is plug-and-play. If you can navigate Perfex CRM, you can use this module effortlessly. Can I get updates for the nulled version? While this version doesn’t include official updates, our community often shares the latest builds. Stay connected with us for updates. Will this work with the latest Perfex CRM version? Yes, it’s fully compatible with versions 2.9 and above. Always ensure you’re using a compatible version before installation. Get More from Your Tools If you’re already enjoying this HR module, don’t miss out on other premium resources. We also recommend checking out the UpdraftPlus Premium nulled plugin to secure your website backups at no cost. For a wider range of premium tools at zero cost, explore more nulled plugins from our trusted partner. Empower your site with tools that professionals use—without spending a dime. Final Thoughts The Human Resources Management delivers high-quality, feature-rich HR automation that rivals paid tools. Whether you're managing a team of five or five hundred, this script scales effortlessly to meet your needs.

[tpointtech1]

PySpark Interview Questions and Answers (2025) - Tpoint Tech

"PySpark Interview Questions and Answers" is a comprehensive guide designed to help candidates prepare for interviews involving Apache Spark's Python API. It covers key concepts, including RDDs, DataFrames, transformations, actions, and performance optimization. The guide provides practical answers, ensuring candidates are ready for both theoretical and hands-on questions.

[hirephpgamedevelopers]

Hire Yii Developers: Tips for Building Scalable Web Applications

As powerful and scalable web applications have always been in demand, the Yii framework was surely going to cater to the requirements of many developers and entrepreneurs. Yii, or "Yes, it is!" in short, is a PHP-based framework constructed with the goal of delivering exceptional performance along with flexibility and simplicity. In order to ensure that the web application you will use is scalable with your business growth, one of the steps which are involved includes hiring the right Yii developers. This guide will prove very helpful in giving you tips on how to Hire Yii Developers and make sure that your web application is efficient and scalable.

Why Yii Framework?

First, it's important to understand why the Yii web development framework is such an excellent selection.

 Here are a few reasons:

High Performance: Yii Web Application Developers take into consideration the efficient caching mechanisms, which allow the applications to make a good choice for whatever high performance is concerned with.

Security: The built-in features that protect from SQL injection, CSRF validation, and XSS filtering safeguarded your application from common threats.

Extensibility: It is highly modular in its design, making it possible for developers to easily extend and modify features.

Easy Integration: Third-party libraries and tools can be integrated while developing easily, thereby increasing the development capabilities.

Community Support: The Yii framework has an active community with abundant resources and updates.

How to Hire the Right Yii Developers

Always hire Yii developers with skills and experience to develop scalable applications. Here are some tips you can use to ensure you hire the right developers.

1. Clearly define your project requirements

Well before you are ready to make any hiring, define the scope of your project in terms of its goals, features, and scalability requirements. This will actually help you better evaluate candidates.

Ask yourself these questions.

What would be the application's core functionalities? Do you need third-party integration? How many users do you wish the application to support initially as well as down the line?

2. Relevant Experience

Experience really makes a difference with scalable applications. Those who have extensive experience in the development of applications with Yii would have a portfolio of similar applications. Experienced developers will understand much better the intricacies of the framework. This is reflected in ideal solutions they present to the client.

3. Review Technical Skills

A good Yii developer must be well aware of PHP and should have a good knowledge of the Yii framework. He must also be well versed with the following:

MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture

Database management (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.)

Front-end technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript)

RESTful APIs

Version control systems like Git

Technical interviews or tests are the best way to test these skills.

4. Problem-Solving Skills

Building a scalable application typically involves tackling complex problems. Hire developers who can solve problems creatively and think out of the box to get over the obstacles.

5. Check for Communications Skills

Communication is the key to successful collaboration. Ensure that the developer can adequately put across his ideas and understand your project requirements. This is crucial if you're working with remote developers.

6. Review Their Understanding of Scalability

Scalability should be the core of hiring Yii developers. Evaluate their knowledge of techniques like database optimization, caching strategies, and load balancing. Developers should also be able to write clean and maintainable code to facilitate future scaling.

7. Check References and Reviews

Ask for references or read reviews of previous clients on the reliability and quality of the work delivered. This will probably give an overview about the professionalism with which the developer will handle deadlines.

8. Freelancers/Agencies

Hire freelance Yii developers or use an agency. For a small project, freelancers may be considered for their budget friendliness; however, an agency such as Hire PHP Developer ensures having a professional with a team who would handle a very complex set of requirements.

9. Discuss Budget and Timeline

Be transparent about your budget and project timeline from the very beginning. Ensure that the developer or agency can deliver within your constraints without compromising quality.

10. Test with a Small Project

Assign a small test project before committing to a long-term engagement to be able to test the skills of the developer, his work ethic, and how he fits into your team.

Benefits of Hiring Yii Developers

There are numerous benefits to hiring Yii developers. These include:

Expertise: Experienced developers have in-depth knowledge of the Yii framework.

Time-Saving: Professionals can finish tasks more quickly than others, thereby saving time during development.

Customization: Yii developers can configure applications to suit your unique preferences.

Scalability: Skilled developers design systems that are engineered to fulfill future growth requirements with the least stress.

While building a scalable web application on the Yii framework, it's always going to require professional developers who would know about the project and its outcomes. The given above tips can help one in finding appropriate Yii developers for the work. From freelancing platforms to a dedicated team, a developer with vast experience in working on Yii applications is available at Hire PHP Developer. The reason behind them building applications that scale is efficiency as well as security.

Contact us to discuss your project requirements and design a high-quality robust web application.

View source: 

FAQs

1. Why use Yii in web development?

Ans.Yii is the best tool to develop fast, secure, and modular applications, with an active community for support.

2. How to check the skills of a Yii developer?

Ans.Test the technical skills in PHP, MVC architecture, database management, and Yii-specific details through interviews, tests, or sample projects.

3. Freelancer or agency for Yii development? 

Ans.This depends on the complexity of your project. Freelancers are cost-effective for smaller projects, and agencies like Hire PHP Developer can provide a dedicated team for comprehensive solutions.

4. How much does a Yii developer cost? 

Ans.Cost mainly depends on the developer's experience, complexity of the project, and location. Be clear about your budget and requirements.

5. Can Yii applications handle high traffic? 

Ans.Yes they can, if the coder codes correctly, sets up enough caching, and optimizes database access.

[fromdevcom]

Liferay is one of the most popular JSR compliant open source portal. This can be used to drive multiple websites with variety of features and look and feel. Liferay is developed in Java and the major portlet development on it is also supported by Java and few other languages. The latest releases of liferay has been really feature rich and seen a increasing demand in liferay developers in recent past. Managing multiple websites using single liferay server installation is one of the main reason of liferay gaining popularity. Liferay jobs are really high paying jobs due to being specialized in portlet segment of java web application development. There are many other portals available with free and paid options. To be highly valuable developer you must focus your knowledge to the JSR way of portlet development, this will ensure you can do development on any other JSR comliant portal as well. Another positive aspect of Liferay portlet development is "The Liferay marketplace", this can give you an opportunity to develop and sell your own portlet to big businesses and grow your own business. I have worked on liferay for more than 5 years and found that following interview questions are must know before getting a decent liferay developer job. What is a Liferay Portal? In general, a web portal represents a web application that provides a single point of access to variety of information. Functionality of a portal can extended very easily by creating custom applications that can run inside a portal. These applications are called portlets. For running portlets you need application server that can run a portlet container spec (JSR168 or JSR286). There are dozens of free and enterprise portal products available. Liferay portal is an open source portal and below are the benefits of using Liferay portal: Content management system(Documents, Articles). 2-stage,3-stage workflows and publishing. Social networking. 4)Sites and organization basis pages. Integration with third party like LDAP, Solr, SSO(CAS, Siteminder). Portlets realted to Wiki's, News, Finance, Social, Workflow, Collaboration. Compatible with different Operating systems, databases and APP servers. Compatible with UI technologies and web services. Compatible with different scripts like PHP, Ruby, Grails, Python. Suppport of hot deployment feature. What is a Portlet? Liferay portal comes with different portlets by default. These portlets are nothing but different small applications running in the instance(portal). Portlets are pluggable software components that are managed in a web portal. In general words you can call them as different catalogues as portlets produce fragments of markup code that are aggregated into a portal. So a portal page is displayed as a collection of portlet, thease multiple small applications together making a page of the site and these all pages together makes one community or enterprise portal. Hence a portlet (or collection of portlets) resembles a web-based application that is hosted in a portal. Portlet is a small application to fulfill the requirement of certain domain. Inter portlet communication is supported under Liferay portal. Portlet support hot deployment feature of Liferay Portal. What is the difference between Hook, EXT and Portlet? Liferay provides 3 ways to extend the functionality of a Liferay portal. Each of the way fits is good for different needs. Hook Liferay portal comes with a bundle where all the default built in portlets exist. Typically if any customization required in terms of JSP (UI) and portal properties. We need to go by Hook implementation. Hook is supported by hot deployment. Liferay documentation suggests that - Whenever possible, hooks should be used in place of Ext plugins, as they are hot-deployable and more forward compatible. Some common scenarios that require the use of a hook are When you have to perform a custom action on portal startup When you have to perform a custom action on user login

When you need to overwrite or extend portal JSPs When you need to modify portal properties When you need to replace a portal service with your own implementation. EXT Liferay EXT Plugins are the most powerful way to extend the portal functionality. If any customization required in the core level classes then it can be done through EXT for example LDAP users and user groups import modification. but here in EXT, restart would be required. EXT Plugins should be used only in case the portal functionality can not be extended using Portlet of Hooks. The EXT plugins are complex to develop and may cause maintenance issues in case you are trying to upgrade. From liferay documents, The main use cases in which an Ext plugin may be used are: Customizations to portal.properties (that is not supported by Hook Plugins) Customizing and making changes to the Struts Actions for portal Customizations of the Liferay beans declared in Liferay's Spring files Adding JSPs that are referenced from portal properties that can only be changed from an ext plugin (be sure to check if the property can be modified from a hook plugin before doing this) Direct overwriting of a class (not recommended unless it's strictly necessary) Portlet Portlets are the most common and easiest way to extend and provide a custom functionality for a liferay portal. This is a small application to fulfill the requirement of certain domain. It is basically a bunch of code(Java Files, JSP, CSS, Java Scripts etc.). Portlet is supported by hot deployment. Liferay also has a marketplace where a lot of useful portlets are available for download and these portlets can contributed by anyone in the world. We recently contributed a Speed reading portlet and a My IP Address portlet in this marketplace for free use by liferay community. What JSR version Liferay implements? Why JSR compatibility is important while choosing a portal? JSR is a "Java Specification Request". Liferay Portal is developed to adhere to JSR 168 and JSR 286 specifications. This specification is created by committee of JEE portal vendors. This specification is designed to achieve interoperability between different portals and portlets. Liferay supports mainly below JSRs. JSR-168(Portlet 1.0) JSR-286(Portlet 2.0) JSR-127(JSF 1.0) JSR-170 JSR-314(JSF 2.0) JSR-329 Why these standards are defined? These standards are defined for the benefit of portal users (end customers). Before these standards were born, portal customer were required to use one portal and there was no easy way to switch between different portal vendors. Earlier portal were very vendor specific and all functionality were developed using proprietary API, technology and programming techniques. The JSR 168 and JSR 286 standards have defined the way portlets can be developed that will help users in long run. Benefits of Following JSR Standards Following these standards will ensure that there is no vendor lock in. However this can be guaranteed only when the portlets are developed sticking to the standards. What is a Portlet Lifecycle? Following is the portlet lifecycle: init():It mainly initializes the portlet. render(): It takes the HTML output to User Interface. It mainly render the view in term of JSP/HTML code and show into the respective portlet. Destroy: This method takes care of releasing the portlet resources. What Is The Difference Between View Mode And Edit Mode Of Portlets? The modes of a portlet are typically related to the types of operations a user can perform on the portlet. A view mode is where users are allowed to do read only operations, whereas in edit mode user can add/update the data in the portlet. Each portlet mode has a method which handles it: doView() doEdit() doHelp() These methods will contain mainly our "traffic directing" logic, which are responsible to decide what view the user wants to see. Once the view has been determined, we will forward on to methods which actually implement that view.

For standard portlet view modes have two views: The default view which shows the list of items. The form, where users will mainly do the add and edit action. In this where end user can edit the particular item, is called edit mode of portlet. What Is A Liferay Theme? What Are The Advantages Of Using Them? Liferay themes are the way to customize look and feel of a liferay portal page. The themes are extendable components that can be deployed separately on a portal and each page on the portal can choose a different theme (if required). Themes are really powerful way to run multiple websites from a single portal. You can host multiple websites on a single liferay portal with totally different look and feel. This allows you to be unique at the same time save a lot resources on website hosting. A lot of companies use liferay for creating multiple unique websites with the help of extraordinary themes that can be easily developed. Themes are also available from marketplace. For developing on our own, we have option of using VM pages(Velocity templates). Liferay provides the feature to deploy the different themes into the portal same like portlets war files. So number of themes we can be deployed into Liferay portal and we can further select those themes for user interface as per the requirement of end user for different site or organization pages. How To Use LDAP Authentication With Liferay? LDAP is lightweight directory access protocol that is most commonly used for authentication and authorization of users. LDAP mainly consists users and usergroups of any organization with certain serach filter like DN entries. In the control panel of liferay we have option to provide the LDAP settings so that portal can contact the third party like LDAP and fetch the required users and groups as per given mappings. For example Active directory is a LDAP implementation which can store users. Liferay support integration of any LDAP implementation through its admin control panel. We need to provide the settings in control panel - > portal settings -> LDAP This will require LDAP URL, username, password, users search filters mappings, groups search filters mapping etc. What Is Portal-ext.properties File? How This Can Be Configured And Used In Liferay? Liferay Portal comes with default configurations that are stored in portal.property file. You can use portal-ext.properties file to override the values in portal.properties file. This allows you a clean way to keep your own copy of configurations that can be used outside the portal at the same time you can easily upgrade the portal. What Is Inter-portlet Communication? Why Is It Required To Use JSR Style Inter-portlet Communication? Sometimes we have the requirement where we need to establish communication in between two portlets for example any action done in one portlet redirecting the end user to other portlet where some kind of result is displaying as per action done on first portlet. So in this use case we have to use liferay inter-portlet communication mechanism which serve the action performed by end user in one portlet and provide the result to the second portlet where the action result needs to be displayed. We can say that it works on striker-catcher mechanism. JSR style inter portlet communication ensures that your portlets are going to work on any other JSR compliant portal server. If you use a liferay specific way to communicate between portlets than you may not be able to deploy and run the same portlet war on another JSR compliant portal (e.g. Apache Pluto) What Is A Liferay Portal Instance? Liferay portal ships with the one liferay portal tomcat bundle which is up and running in any server with certain database settings. We can have more than one liferay instances running from one database. Liferay Portal allows you to run more than one portal instance on a single server. The Portal Instances page of the control panel lets you manage these instances. Data for each portal instance are kept separate. All portal data, however, is kept in the same database.

Each portal instance requires its own domain name. Liferay will direct users to the proper portal instance based on this domain name. So before you configure an instance, we need to configure its domain name in our network first. When we are ready to add an instance, click the Instances tab - > Add button. It will be prompted for four fields and a check box: Web ID: A general convention is to use the domain name for this. It’s a user-generated ID for the instance. Virtual Host: Put the domain name you configured in your network here. When users are directed to your Liferay server via this domain name, Liferay will then be able to send them to the proper portal instance. Mail Domain: Enter the domain name for the mail host for this instance. Liferay will use this to send email notifications from the portal. Max Users: Enter the maximum numbers of user accounts you would like your portal instance to support. Active: Use this check box to choose whether to create an active or an inactive portal instance. Now we need to click Save. Now navigate to the portal using new domain name. We will see that looks like a clean install of Liferay. This is our new portal instance which can now be up and running. How Can I Configure Two Different Domain Names (e.g. First.example.com And Second.example.com) On Liferay? At the time of creation of any site we need to provide domain names which further take it as site domain name. We need to provide the certain domain name as required through the control panel of liferay portal. Single instance of Liferay Portal supports hosting of two or more domain names via communities(sites). When we will go to control panel -> Site settings -> we can provide the site URL, details like site(community) description, membership type, active status and virtual host. How Can I Configure Liferay To Use Email Address As User Name Instead Of Screen Name? We can set this from control panel -> portal settings -> Authentication -> LDAP -> How do users authenticate?. Here we can select whatever we require from email address,screen name or user ID. At the time of LDAP authentication, we need to provide the required LDAP mappings which basically reads all the details related to users and usergroups from LDAP directory and import into Liferay portal. At the time of this connection with third party we need to give the required field like authentication should be by email address or screen name or user ID. How To Customize The Behavior Of Liferay Default Out Of The Box Portlets (e.g. Document View, Calendar, Blog, Wiki Etc) ? If we need any customization, related to JSP and UI then we can implement this using Hooks. Liferay portal comes with a bundle where all the default built in portlets exist. If any customixation required in the core level classes then it can be done through EXT for example LDAP users and user groups import modification. but here in EXT, restart would be required. What Is Liferay Service Builder? Is There Any Alternative To Use Service Builder? What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using It? Liferay service builder is basically used to create the service layers for any business logic implementation. From developer point of view it is very helpfull as it used to create all the service layers automatic. Suppose we want to develop a portlet, for this we need to write all the required implementation classes, utility cleasses and other required classes. Service builder is used to create all these classes for developer, where they can add their business logic further and process the data and render the output to view as per the requirement. As per the advantage, this service builder will create whole structure of the service layers for developer mainly. It really helps them to write the code and their logic in service builder created model implementations and service implementation classes. These classes comes with normal CRUD (create, update and delete)operations. For developer, no need to

add anything extra as whole service and utility layers are already got created by service builder. It really speed up the developement process. Service builder requires service.xml which is having some of the required entries. Each of the entry is basically called entity, which is having it's primary key fields with some other required fields. If we want to implement order and finder method, we can implement it by using this service.xml. Each entity creates table into liferay configured database with the given column names and their types. We can create service.xml related local-service and remote-service by setting them value as "true". When we would run this build-service like below, this would create all the service layers(implementation, utility etc.) where developer can write their required business logic further. Creation of all the service-classes would be done by the build.xml, we need to build-services using this xml file into Ant view of IDE. How To Set The Display Category Of A Custom Built Liferay Portlet ? We can set the display category like below mentioned liferay-display.xml. Suppose we have developed one portlet where portlet ID we have provided. We need to enter the custom built liferay portlet into certain category like name "category.cms", "category.collaboration" etc. By doing this custom built liferay portlet would come in required category by clicking the add application feature of liferay as there would be many of portlets under different categories. So below tag we need to enter for the entry of a portlet into certain category. How To Support Internationalization (i18n) On Liferay Portlets? How Do You Support Multiple Languages Without Writing Java Code In Liferay? We can support internationalization (i18n) on Liferay portlets and through out this whole Liferay portal. We need to provide whatever language we need to support into LIferay portal. This is mainly reads the regions number and provide the available language like en_US(english), SG(singapore), zh_CN(simple chinease), zh_TW(traditional chinease), ja_JP(Japanease). In the same way to provide support of multiple languages without writing java code in Liferay, we can use Locales this through out the portal, portlet, hooks and themes. This entry we can provide into same portal-ext.properties which Liferay portal would read and provide all the translation accordingly. locales=en_US,zh_CN,zh_TW,ja_JP,ko_KR If we are writing some custom messages in out code then we need to provide the below property files also as per the called language and using of Locales would convert it accordingly. We can use LocaleUtil in our code which will convert the certain message given in language files. For example we want the assetCategory title in multi languages then we need to use this assetCategory.getTitle(locale). So here whatever locale we have mentioned earlier would be in action and pick the given title name from certain locale related language.property file. Language_en_US.properties Language_zh_CN.properties Language_zh_TW.properties What Are The Advantages Of Using Tomcat Bundle Of Liferay Against Other App Servers (e.g. JBoss, Glassfish Or Others)? It is possible to use Liferay with Liferay IDE with other then tomcat server bundles but there are some features or benefits that will not be available: Native eclipse server adapter that supports launching and debugging. Deployment via add/remove modules wizard would not be available. Auto redeployment based on changes to project resources. Which One Is Best To Start In A Clean Setup? Liferay bundle with tomcat app server is the best one to start in a clean setup. How Do You Perform Junit Tests On Your Portlet? Junit tests are there to check the code mainly by providing the value of any method input parameter, how the method would work and gives the values. public class MyEmployeeTest ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "ApplicationContext-service.xml");

public void testMyMethod() UserService employeeService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService"); //Provide the user Id as 101581 User user = storeService.findUserByUserId(1234); //get the employee Set employee = user.getEmployeesForUserId(); System.out.println("Employee Name : "+employee.getName()); How Will You Configure A Portlet That Can Be Added Multiple Times On A Portal Page? One property is there in portlet.xml which is as follows: true by using the value true and false we can configure a portler that can be added multiple times on a portal page. How Can You Customize Liferay Search Feature? What Are The APIs To Do It? We can customize Liferay Search feature, depends upon our requirement by below two ways. Hook : If changes are required as per the view side like we need to change the search result form view then we can write the Hook to customize it. EXT : If changes are required as per the core functionality like we need to change the search query term, we can implement EXT. How Can You Integrate Liferay With An External Content Management System (e.g. Alfresco) Liferay passes user credentials through CMIS to the alfresco in order to connect. To enable this in liferay, we need to enter following below property in portal-ext.properties which will allow liferay to store password in session. session.store.password=true Also one more thing we need to take into consideration is that Liferay passes logged in user's credentials to CMIS Repository (whihc is alfresco here) as described above. What this means is that userid/password in liferay must match userid/password in Alfresco. Alfresco by default uses a loginid (which is similar to screen-name in liferay) to authenticate user. So we need to make liferay also authenticate using screen name by making following entry into portal-ext.properties. company.security.auth.type=screenName So we need to start Liferay. Login as administrator and go to control panel. we need to go to Document and Media which will bring up a screen where we need to click on Add -> New Repository. this will bring one screen where we basically provide connection details to connect to Alfresco like below. Name: Give any name you want to give to your repository view in liferay. For example, I will give Alfresco repository name. Description: A brief description about it. Repository Type: We can connect either using AtomPub or using web services. AtomPub URL: This will be the CMIS repository URL where our alfresco is running. In our case, it's would be http://localhost:8080/alfresco/service/api/cmis (Note: In case of Alfresco 4.0, it will be http://host:port/alfresco/cmisatom). Repository ID: It is basically used to connect to a specific repository incase we have multiple repositories available. If we do not enter a repositoryId, then it will just look for the first repository using the given parameters and set it to that. How To Setup A Liferay Cluster From Scratch? We need to setup below properties in our portal-ext.properties(this is for one instance represented by 1p, same properties we need to add for second instance also represented by 2p) and some required IP addresses. #cluster configurations - these settings are for cluster net.sf.ehcache.configurationResourceName=/myehcache/hibernate-clustered.xml dl.store.file.system.root.dir=/webapps/document_library_cluster #other settings for cluster liferay.home=/webapps/liferay-1p/liferay-portal-6.1.10-ee-ga1/ lucene.dir=/webapps/liferay-1p/liferay-portal-6.1.10-ee-ga1/data/lucene cluster.link.enabled=true lucene.replicate.write=true multicast.group.address["cluster-link-control"]=239.255.4.1 How To Use AUI In Liferay? What Are The Advantages Of Using It In Liferay Instead Of JQuery Or Some Other JS Library? AlloyUI (AUI) is Liferay's open-source javascript library. It is built on Yahoo User Interface (YUI) and has support for a variety of advanced javascript functions specifically designed for portlets. As it is Liferay provided JS library here no need to merge this code.

It is designed to take advantage of and incorporate patterns from the best libraries to make building robust and flexible web applications. It is a JavaScript library, a CSS framework, a set of HTML recipes and a taglib library, all combined to empower developers across multi-skilled teams deliver rich and dynamic applications. Only we need to add certain tag library like below in order to use Liferay Alloy UI libraries. http://liferay.com/tld/aui /WEB-INF/tld/liferay-aui.tld So further we can use these all form and fields like below in our JSP code. How To Use JQuery In Liferay? We need to provide the entry like below in our JSP files. So that it can read the provided java script path very easily and we can use jQuery accordingly. How To Configure Liferay To Use A JNDI JDBC Datasource Instead Of Internal C3p0 Connection Pool? We need to do the entry of perticular resource with some certain parameter like name, factory, driverclassname, url of database, uaername and password. Below is the entry of resource where JDBC datasource is configured. Below is the entry of resource where c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource is configured. I hope you find this list useful. Are you a Liferay developer? Feel free to suggest any questions we may have missed out on this list.