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rmcguinness-blog · 5 years ago

Text

Java and Microsoft DevOps

Scope

I've rencently been spending a bit of time using Microsoft's DevOps tool suite, formally Team Foundation Serveer (TFS). In brief, I'm impressed. They (Microsoft) has been able to create a development environment that DOES NOT require me to have five differnt tools, five different licensing agreements and renewal dates, etc.

Here are some tips I've learned along the way, and hopefully they will help you.

Components

I am using Boards, Repos, Pipelines and Artifacts with very specific intentions. As an organization owner, I have all of my products setup, each having their own permissions to backlogs and repositories. This is extremely important in the Enterprise as certian regulatory controls insist of behaviors of isolation. DevOps provides this in spades (more later). For now understand that Having a board, my git repos and my pipelines in one place is awesome, and being able to create a dashboard across all of those products... outstanding. Yes, you can do that with those five other tools, so long as you want to deal with staffing for those tools and building the expertise.

Boards

I was looking for a replacement for Jira, not because Jira is bad, but because the pricing after ten users is insane. If I have a dynamic workforce, why should I have to continually have that type of runtime cost. SAS to the rescue on this one.

The best thing for me about boards is this: I can customize each organization a little bit differently while still using an enterprise tagging schema. This really helps mre report across orgs with a new level of comfort.

Repositories

This is simple, a single place to keep my repos and my agile / scrum work, and when I check things in, the stories are linked and I don't have to manage multiple service hooks with expiring keys every thirty to ninty days.

Pilelines and Artifacts

The level of integration with third-party tools is great, even competitor cloud vendors like GCP and that Book Store company. Seriously though, having all of the permissions tied to my active directory day one and custome release worflows is great.

Timing

It's taken a little over two weeks and some trial and error to get to this stage but I thought it was worth sharing, so here goes:

A Tale of two builds

Methodology Matters

You may not be a fan of SNAPSHOTS, I personally am. I don't like burning revision numbers just because my CI pipeline told me to. Here, we'll break up the CI and the CD pipelines a bit, primarily because most companies really don't do CD well, and depending on the regulations may have pretty big process to adhere too.

You may branch you code, in this example all ideals flow branchs PRing to master, master always running a CI build, and a CD build being kicked off from a tag or revision.

Maven

A sigificant amount of work goes into create a build worthy POM file, with Azure, you really need to make sure you're using some of the latest plugins. Here's the most important snippet:

... <build> <plugins> ... <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <argLine>${argLine} -Xmx256m</argLine> <forkCount>2</forkCount> <reuseForks>true</reuseForks> <useSystemClassLoader>false</useSystemClassLoader> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <forkCount>2</forkCount> <reuseForks>true</reuseForks> <argLine>${argLine} -Xmx256m ${coverageAgent}</argLine> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <detail>true</detail> <autoVersionSubmodules>true</autoVersionSubmodules> <updateDependencies>true</updateDependencies> <scmReleaseCommitComment>[skip ci] prepare release @{releaseLabel}</scmReleaseCommitComment> <releaseProfiles>release</releaseProfiles> </configuration> </plugin> ... </plugins> </build> <profiles> <profile> <id>default</id> <activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault></activation> <properties>  </properties> </profile> <profile> <id>release</id> <activation><activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault></activation> <properties>  </properties> </profile> </profiles> ...

NOTE: the Maven release plugin is at the latest 3.x version, and the "[skip ci]" is in the scmReleaseComment tag. This MUST be in place in order to avoid duplicate builds.

The CI pipeline is pretty simple, you can put the code coverage reports in the maven task, but that won't work for multimodule builds. This CI file assumes that the pom.xml file is labled as a SNAPSHOT, and will continually deploy to the artifacts repository specified in the secure "settings.xml" file. It's that simple.

. Tell the build system what type of server to use . Trigger a build whenever a change to maser is made, unless it's to docs or pipelines. . Checkout the reposository . Setup Git so any pipeline commits has a automated tag. . Run maven with a: "clean, deploy" so it will be pushed to artifacts . By the way, also record my test coverage and all those test cases.

pool: vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest' trigger: batch: true branches: include: - master paths: exclude: - docs/* - README.md - README.adoc - azure-pipeline.yml - azure-pipeline-ci.yml steps: - checkout: self persistCredentials: true - task: DownloadSecureFile@1 name: mavenSettings displayName: 'Setup: Maven' inputs: secureFile: 'settings.xml' - task: Bash@3 displayName: 'Setup: Git' inputs: targetType: 'inline' script: | git config --global user.email "[email protected]" git config --global user.name "DevOps Build Pipeline" git checkout $(Build.SourceBranchName) - task: Maven@3 displayName: 'Maven: Clean, Deploy' inputs: publishJUnitResults: true testResultsFiles: '**/TEST-*.xml' pmdRunAnalysis: true findBugsRunAnalysis: true jdkVersionOption: 1.8 javaHomeOption: 'JDKVersion' mavenVersionOption: 'Default' mavenPomFile: 'pom.xml' goals: 'clean deploy' options: '-s $(mavenSettings.secureFilePath)' - task: PublishCodeCoverageResults@1 displayName: 'Publish' inputs: codeCoverageTool: 'JaCoCo' summaryFileLocation: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml' pathToSources: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/src/main/java' additionalCodeCoverageFiles: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/*/jacoco.exec'

CD is a little different, I run those as manual pipelines. No, I am not running the current DEPLOY functionality in the DevOps Suite. I haven't figured out how to make that work elegently with the auto revisions and release life-cycle of the Maven Release Plugin.

pool: vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest' trigger: none steps: - checkout: self persistCredentials: true - task: DownloadSecureFile@1 name: mavenSettings displayName: 'Setup: Maven' inputs: secureFile: 'settings.xml' - task: Bash@3 displayName: 'Setup: Git' inputs: targetType: 'inline' script: | # Write your commands here git config --global user.email "[email protected]" git config --global user.name "DevOps Build Pipeline" git checkout $(Build.SourceBranchName) - task: Maven@3 displayName: 'Maven: Release' inputs: publishJUnitResults: fale jdkVersionOption: 1.8 javaHomeOption: 'JDKVersion' mavenVersionOption: 'Default' mavenPomFile: 'pom.xml' goals: 'release:prepare release:perform' options: '-s $(mavenSettings.secureFilePath) -B -Dusername=$(username) -Dpassword=$(pwd)'

This almost identical workflow requires the addition of a username and pwd parameter that are managed secrets within the build pipeline and point to expiring tokens rather than user account information.

Conclusion

Yeah, that's really it. Two pipelines, with minimal work and I have a CI/CD pipeline that can exectute to any cloud environment with an amazingly low TCO. The Microsoft team is continuing to fill a gap that other cloud providers haven't come close to filling. Microsoft has been up to some great work, and I hope this trend continues as they are making developers lives better and more to the point helping reduce the TCO of project infrastructure.

#Java Microsoft DevOps Maven CICD

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commonsenseo · 6 years ago

Text

Using Amazon AWS for Business and SEO on The CommonSenSEO Show No.22

Using Amazon AWS for Business and SEO is the topic for The CommonSenSEO Show No.22, streaming live on Tuesday, 18th June @ 10:30am EST (16:30pm CET). On the day of the show, Henrik and Tony will be attending the Amazon AWSome Day Online Conference, taking note of any snippets we gain from the AWS boffins, and bringing them to you in a no-nonsense round-up. The day is described as being for those who are eager to learn more about cloud computing and how to get started on the AWS Cloud. Amazon go on to say that the content is introductory, the sessions are focused on providing an overview of AWS services and features, with the assumption that attendees are new to the topic. The thing is though, there is 5-hours of live training sessions to wade through and filter, so how many of us really have 5-hours to step out and listen to AWS?

That's why Henrik and Tony are going to do that for you. Spot the nuggets, and bring them to you in one compact 30-minute show. During our 5-hour stint, we will be attending the following lectures: Lecture 1: AWS Cloud Concepts

This Lecture will cover the value of cloud and the benefits of adopting AWS Cloud. Lecture 2: AWS Core Services

This Lecture will cover several of the AWS categories and services – what the services do, when and how to use them. Lecture 3: AWS Security

This Lecture will cover how AWS approaches securing the cloud, along with the AWS Shared Responsibility Model, AWS Access Control and Management, AWS Security Compliance Programs, and resources available to aid you in better understanding AWS Cloud security options. Lecture 4: AWS Architecting

This Lecture will cover AWS Architecting, which includes the Well-Architected Framework and reference architectures for Fault Tolerance & High Availability and Web Hosting. Lecture 5: AWS Pricing and Support

This Lecture will cover fundamentals of pricing and elements of pricing for several key services, as well as the TCO Calculator and AWS support plans. If you are new to AWS or looking to accelerate an understanding of the cloud, this show is for you. You could of course attend the full 5-hours, but for anyone in the US, that would mean getting up pretty early as it all kicks off at 5am EST. Or you could just stay in bed and get the condensed version from us directly at 10:30am ESt, which is as hot off the press as it gets!

Visit Our Playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCnG6gq4eVX7mkjb2J1s-lDVa6rWwfZRb

from Blogger http://bit.ly/2WLM0QK via Local SEO Company

#local seo agency #local seo marketing company #local seo consultant

0 notes

dorothydelgadillo · 7 years ago

Text

Why Web Application Maintenance Should Be More Of A Thing

Traditional software developers have been hiding a secret from us in plain sight. It’s not even a disputed fact. It’s part of their business model.

It doesn’t matter if we’re talking about high-end enterprise software vendors or smaller software houses that write the tools that we all use day to day in our jobs or businesses. It’s right there front and center. Additional costs that they don’t hide and that we’ve become accustomed paying.

So what is this secret?

Well, a lot of traditional software vendors make more money from maintaining the software that they write than they do in the initial sale.

Not convinced?

A quick search on the term “Total Cost of Ownership” will provide you with lots of similar definitions like this one from Gartner (emphasis mine):

[TCO is] the cost to implement, operate, support & maintain or extend, and decommission an application.

Furthermore, this paper by Stanford university asserts that maintenance normally amounts to 60% to 90% of the TCO of a software product.

It’s worth letting that sink in for a minute. They make well over the initial purchase price by selling ongoing support and maintenance plans.

“You must unlearn what you have learned!” Meet the brand new episode of SmashingConf San Francisco with smart front-end tricks and UX techniques. Featuring Yiying Lu, Aarron Draplin, Smashing Yoda, and many others. Tickets now on sale. April 17-18.

Check the speakers →

We Don’t Push Maintenance

The problem as I see it is that in the web development industry, web application maintenance isn’t something that we focus on. We might put it in our proposals because we like the idea of a monthly retainer, but they will likely cover simple housekeeping tasks or new feature requests.

It is not unheard of to hide essential upgrades and optimizations within our quotes for later iterations because we‘re not confident that the client will want to pay for the things that we see as essential improvements. We try and get them in through the back door. Or in other words, we are not open and transparent that, just like more traditional software, these applications need maintaining.

Regardless of the reasons why, it is becoming clear that we are storing up problems for the future. The software applications we’re building are here for the long-term. We need to be thinking like traditional software vendors. Our software will still be running for 10 or 15 years from now, and it should be kept well maintained.

So, how can we change this? How do we all as an industry ensure that our clients are protected so that things stay secure and up to date? Equally, how do we get to take a share of the maintenance pie?

What Is Maintenance?

In their 2012 paper Effective Application Maintenance, Heather Smith and James McKeen define maintenance as (emphasis is mine):

Porting an application to a new server, interfacing with a different operating system, upgrading to a newer release, altering a tax table, or complying with new regulations—all necessitate application — maintenance. As a result, maintenance is focused on upgrading an application to ensure it remains productive and/or cost effective. The definition of application maintenance preferred by the focus group is — any modification of an application to correct faults; to improve performance; or to adapt the application to a changed environment or changed requirements. Thus, adding new functionality to an existing application (i.e., enhancement) is not, strictly speaking, considered maintenance.

In other words, maintenance is essential work that needs to be carried out on a software application so it can continue to reliably and securely function.

It is not adding new features. It is not checking log files or ensuring backups have ran (these are housekeeping tasks). It is working on the code and the underlying platform to ensure that things are up to date, that it performs as its users would expect and that the lights stay on.

Here are a few examples:

Technology and Platform Changes Third-party libraries need updating. The underlying language requires an update, e.g. PHP 5.6 to PHP 7.1 Modern operating systems send out updates regularly. Keeping on top of this is maintenance and at times will also require changes to the code base as the old ways of doing certain things become deprecated.

Scaling As the application grows, there will be resource issues. Routines within the code that worked fine with 10,000 transactions per day struggle with 10,000 per hour. The application needs to be monitored, but also action needs to be taken when alerts are triggered.

Bug Fixing Obvious but worth making explicit. The software has bugs, and they need fixing. Even if you include a small period of free bug fixes after shipping a project, at some point the client will need to start paying for these.

Hard To Sell?

Interestingly, when I discuss this with my peers, they feel that it is difficult to convince clients that they need maintenance. They are concerned that their clients don’t have the budget and they don’t want to come across as too expensive.

Well, here’s the thing: it’s actually a pretty easy sell. We’re dealing with business people, and we simply need to be talking to them about maintenance in commercial terms. Business people understand that assets require maintenance or they’ll become liabilities. It’s just another standard ongoing monthly overhead. A cost of doing business. We just need to be putting this in our proposals and making sure that we follow up on it.

An extremely effective method is to offer a retainer that incorporates maintenance at its core but also bundles a lot of extra value for the client, things like:

Reporting on progress vs. KPIs (e.g. traffic, conversions, search volumes)

Limited ‘free’ time each month for small tweaks to the site

Reporting on downtime, server updates or development work completed

Access to you or specific members of your team by phone to answer questions

Indeed, you can make the retainer save the client money and pay for itself. A good example of this would be a client’s requirement to get a simple report or export from the database each month for offline processing.

You could quote for a number of development days to build out a — probably more complex than initially assumed — reporting user interface or alternatively point the client to your retainer. Include within it a task each month for a developer to manually run a pre-set SQL query to manually provide the same data.

A trivial task for you or your team; lots of value to your client.

A Practical Example

You’ll, of course, have your own way of writing proposals but here are a couple of snippets from an example pitch.

In the section of your proposal where you might paint your vision for the future, you can add something about maintenance. Use this as an opportunity to plant the seed about forming a long-term relationship.

You are looking to minimize long-term risk. You want to ensure that your application performs well, that it remains secure and that it is easy to work on. You also understand how important maintenance is for any business asset.

Later on, in the deliverables section, you can add a part about maintenance either as a stand-alone option or bundled in with an ongoing retainer.

In the following example, we keep it simple and bundle it in with a pre-paid development retainer:

We strongly advocate that all clients consider maintenance to be an essential overhead for their website. Modern web applications require maintenance and just like your house or your car; you keep your asset maintained to reduce the tangible risk that they become liabilities later on. As a client who is sensibly keen to keep on top of the application’s maintenance as well as getting new features added, we’d suggest N days per month (as a starting point) for general maintenance and development retainer. We’d spread things out so that a developer is working on your system at least [some period per week/month] giving you the distinct advantage of having a developer able to switch to something more important should issues arise during the [same period]. Depending upon your priorities that time could all be spent on new feature work or divided with maintenance, it’s your call. We normally suggest a 75%/25% split between new features and important maintenance.

As previously mentioned, this is also a great opportunity to lump maintenance in with other value-added ongoing services like performance reporting, conducting housekeeping tasks like checking backups and maybe a monthly call to discuss progress and priorities.

What you’ll probably find is that after you land the work, the retainer is then not mentioned again. This is understandable as there is lots for you and your client to be considering at the beginning of a project, but as the project is wrapping up is a great time to re-introduce it as part of your project offboarding process.

Whether this is talking about phase 2 or simply introducing final invoices and handing over, remind them about maintenance. Remind them of ongoing training, reporting, and being available for support. Make the push for a retainer, remembering to talk in those same commercial terms: their new asset needs maintaining to stay shiny.

Can Maintenance Be Annoying?

A common misconception is that maintenance retainers can become an additional burden. The concern is that clients will be constantly ringing you up and asking for small tweaks as part of your retainer. This is a particular concern for smaller teams or solo consultants.

It is not usually the case, though. Maybe at the beginning, the client will have a list of snags that need working through, but this is par for the course; if you’re experienced, then you’re expecting it. These are easily managed by improving communication channels (use an issue tracker) and lumping all requests together, i.e, working on them in a single hit.

As the application matures, you’ll drop into a tick-over mode. This is where the retainer becomes particularly valuable to both parties. It obviously depends on how you’ve structured the retainer but from your perspective, you are striving to remind the client each month how valuable you are. You can send them your monthly report, tell them how you fixed a slowdown in that routine and that the server was patched for this week’s global OS exploit.

Is your pattern library up to date today? Alla Kholmatova has just finished a fully fledged book on Design Systems and how to get them right. With common traps, gotchas and the lessons she learned. Hardcover, eBook. Just sayin'.

Table of Contents →

You were, of course, also available to work on a number of new requested features that were additionally chargeable. From your client’s perspective, they see that you are there, they see progress, and they get to remove “worry about the website” from their list. Clearly, ‘those clients’ do exist, though, so the most important thing is to get your retainer wording right and manage expectations accordingly.

If your client is expecting the moon on the stick for a low monthly fee, push back or renegotiate. Paying you to do — say — two hours maintenance and housekeeping per month in amongst providing a monthly report and other ancillary tasks is exactly that; it’s not a blank cheque to make lots of ad-hoc changes. Remind them what is included and what isn’t.

How Do We Make Maintenance Easier?

Finally, to ensure the best value for your clients and to make your life easier, use some of these tactics when building your applications.

Long-Term Support (LTS)

Use technology platforms with well documented LTS releases and upgrade paths.

Ongoing OS, language, framework and CMS upgrades should be expected and factored in for all projects so tracking an LTS version is a no-brainer.

Everything should be running on a supported version. Big alarm bells should be ringing if this is not the case.

Good Project Hygiene

Have maintenance tasks publicly in your feature backlog or issue tracking system and agree on priorities with your client. Don’t hide the maintenance tasks away.

Code level and functional tests allow you to keep an eye on particularly problematic code and will help when pulling modules out for refactoring.

Monitor the application and understand where the bottlenecks and errors are. Any issues can get added to the development backlog and prioritized accordingly.

Monitor support requests. Are end users providing you with useful feedback that could indicate maintenance requirements?

The Application Should Be Portable

Any developer should be able to get the system up and running easily locally — not just you! Use virtual servers or containers to ensure that development versions of the applications are identical to production.

The application should be well documented. At a minimum, the provisioning and deployment workflows and any special incantations required to deploy to live should be written down.

Maintenance Is A Genuine Win-Win

Maintenance is the work we need to do on an application so it can safely stand still. It is a standard business cost. On average 75% of the total cost of ownership over a software application’s lifetime.

As professionals, we have a duty of care to be educating our clients about maintenance from the outset. There is a huge opportunity here for additional income while providing tangible value to your clients. You get to keep an ongoing commercial relationship and will be the first person they turn to when they have new requirements.

Continuing to provide value through your retainer will build up trust with the client. You’ll get a platform to suggest enhancements or new features. Work that you have a great chance of winning. Your client reduces their lifetime costs, they reduce their risk, and they get to stop worrying about performance or security.

Do yourself, your client and our entire industry a favor: help make web application maintenance become more of a thing.

(rb, ra, hj, il)

from Web Developers World https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/03/web-app-maintenance/

0 notes

snarky-magpie · 2 months ago

Note

jeggy text fic!?! can you tell us about around the corner!!

Ooooh yes, so happy to! Thanks for the ask!

I plan to make it my next project after TCOS - it's all outlined and I already wrote an opening scene and then had to forcibly stop myself because I could see it taking over my life like PS. did and I really do want to finish TCOS first. I kinda went back and forth on whether it should be prongsfoot or jegulus because I wanted to write a prongsfoot text fic (there aren't any, or I don't know about them), but the theme doesn't really suit prongsfoot, and the idea started with jegulus, so I've decided to stick with it.

So anyway, it's a You've Got Mail AU, and if you know the movie, you can guess that James and Regulus will be friends online and rivals/enemies IRL. In the movie, a small bookstore owner fights against a Bezor-like (although less sleazy) character with his huge chain, I'm gonna make James run a small coffee/cat shelter, and the Black family opens a giant new branch of their coffee chain around the corner (title drop baby!). And who's overseeing the new project? Why Regulus Black, of course.

There's going to be a lot of shenanigans, vet Sirius, kitties running rampant, exasperated Remus, and a lot more. Since it's based on a romcom, it will be mostly unserious with a touch of angst, maybe, but there will be no stabbing and mostly no suffering. And the Black Brothers will not have a super close relationship but they won't be antagonistic, so no BB angst this time. Anyway, here's a snippet:

Remus: Did you see it?

James: See what? Could you be more specific, Moony? I can read your texts, not your mind.

James: Or are we playing a game?

James: Did I see a man wearing a fox as a hat?

James: Once, but not today.

James: I think it was taxidermied. I hope it was taxidermied. For the fox’s sake. Being paraded on a sweaty bloke’s head through London? Talk about a cruel and unusual punishment.

James: Or maybe something else. Did I see the last episode of Severance?

James: Yes, and what a complete mindfuck. My head is still reeling.

James: I really want a drag of what the screenwriters are smoking. Looks like the good stuff.

Remus: Imagine me pinching my nose in frustration. How are you able to type that fast?

James: Voice messaging features. Welcome to the future, baby.

James: Better question is, why aren’t you taking advantage of it?

Remus: Because the future is dark and full of terrors and chatty bosses. Also, I’m on the bus, and people would give me nasty looks. Tell me, are you at the shop?

James: You know it. Bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.

James: Speaking of Peanut the Cat, of course, but it applies to me too.

#james potter #jegulus #regulus black #the marauders #dead gay wizards #remus lupin #text fic #fic wip #tumblr asks

21 notes · View notes

nancydsmithus · 7 years ago

Text

Why Web Application Maintenance Should Be More Of A Thing

Traditional software developers have been hiding a secret from us in plain sight. It’s not even a disputed fact. It’s part of their business model.

So what is this secret?

Well, a lot of traditional software vendors make more money from maintaining the software that they write than they do in the initial sale.

Not convinced?

A quick search on the term “Total Cost of Ownership” will provide you with lots of similar definitions like this one from Gartner (emphasis mine):

[TCO is] the cost to implement, operate, support & maintain or extend, and decommission an application.

Furthermore, this paper by Stanford university asserts that maintenance normally amounts to 60% to 90% of the TCO of a software product.

It’s worth letting that sink in for a minute. They make well over the initial purchase price by selling ongoing support and maintenance plans.

Check the speakers →

We Don’t Push Maintenance

What Is Maintenance?

In their 2012 paper Effective Application Maintenance, Heather Smith and James McKeen define maintenance as (emphasis is mine):

In other words, maintenance is essential work that needs to be carried out on a software application so it can continue to reliably and securely function.

Here are a few examples:

Hard To Sell?

An extremely effective method is to offer a retainer that incorporates maintenance at its core but also bundles a lot of extra value for the client, things like:

Reporting on progress vs. KPIs (e.g. traffic, conversions, search volumes)

Limited ‘free’ time each month for small tweaks to the site

Reporting on downtime, server updates or development work completed

Access to you or specific members of your team by phone to answer questions

A trivial task for you or your team; lots of value to your client.

A Practical Example

You’ll, of course, have your own way of writing proposals but here are a couple of snippets from an example pitch.

Later on, in the deliverables section, you can add a part about maintenance either as a stand-alone option or bundled in with an ongoing retainer.

In the following example, we keep it simple and bundle it in with a pre-paid development retainer:

Can Maintenance Be Annoying?

Table of Contents →

How Do We Make Maintenance Easier?

Finally, to ensure the best value for your clients and to make your life easier, use some of these tactics when building your applications.

Long-Term Support (LTS)

Use technology platforms with well documented LTS releases and upgrade paths.

Ongoing OS, language, framework and CMS upgrades should be expected and factored in for all projects so tracking an LTS version is a no-brainer.

Everything should be running on a supported version. Big alarm bells should be ringing if this is not the case.

Good Project Hygiene

Have maintenance tasks publicly in your feature backlog or issue tracking system and agree on priorities with your client. Don’t hide the maintenance tasks away.

Code level and functional tests allow you to keep an eye on particularly problematic code and will help when pulling modules out for refactoring.

Monitor the application and understand where the bottlenecks and errors are. Any issues can get added to the development backlog and prioritized accordingly.

Monitor support requests. Are end users providing you with useful feedback that could indicate maintenance requirements?

The Application Should Be Portable

The application should be well documented. At a minimum, the provisioning and deployment workflows and any special incantations required to deploy to live should be written down.

Maintenance Is A Genuine Win-Win

Do yourself, your client and our entire industry a favor: help make web application maintenance become more of a thing.

(rb, ra, hj, il)

from Web Designing And Development https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/03/web-app-maintenance/

0 notes

russellarmstrong1 · 7 years ago

Text

Why Web Application Maintenance Should Be More Of A Thing

Traditional software developers have been hiding a secret from us in plain sight. It’s not even a disputed fact. It’s part of their business model.

So what is this secret?

Well, a lot of traditional software vendors make more money from maintaining the software that they write than they do in the initial sale.

Not convinced?

A quick search on the term “Total Cost of Ownership” will provide you with lots of similar definitions like this one from Gartner (emphasis mine):

[TCO is] the cost to implement, operate, support & maintain or extend, and decommission an application.

Furthermore, this paper by Stanford university asserts that maintenance normally amounts to 60% to 90% of the TCO of a software product.

It’s worth letting that sink in for a minute. They make well over the initial purchase price by selling ongoing support and maintenance plans.

Check the speakers →

We Don’t Push Maintenance

What Is Maintenance?

In their 2012 paper Effective Application Maintenance, Heather Smith and James McKeen define maintenance as (emphasis is mine):

In other words, maintenance is essential work that needs to be carried out on a software application so it can continue to reliably and securely function.

Here are a few examples:

Hard To Sell?

An extremely effective method is to offer a retainer that incorporates maintenance at its core but also bundles a lot of extra value for the client, things like:

Reporting on progress vs. KPIs (e.g. traffic, conversions, search volumes)

Limited ‘free’ time each month for small tweaks to the site

Reporting on downtime, server updates or development work completed

Access to you or specific members of your team by phone to answer questions

A trivial task for you or your team; lots of value to your client.

A Practical Example

You’ll, of course, have your own way of writing proposals but here are a couple of snippets from an example pitch.

Later on, in the deliverables section, you can add a part about maintenance either as a stand-alone option or bundled in with an ongoing retainer.

In the following example, we keep it simple and bundle it in with a pre-paid development retainer:

Can Maintenance Be Annoying?

Table of Contents →

How Do We Make Maintenance Easier?

Finally, to ensure the best value for your clients and to make your life easier, use some of these tactics when building your applications.

Long-Term Support (LTS)

Use technology platforms with well documented LTS releases and upgrade paths.

Ongoing OS, language, framework and CMS upgrades should be expected and factored in for all projects so tracking an LTS version is a no-brainer.

Everything should be running on a supported version. Big alarm bells should be ringing if this is not the case.

Good Project Hygiene

Have maintenance tasks publicly in your feature backlog or issue tracking system and agree on priorities with your client. Don’t hide the maintenance tasks away.

Code level and functional tests allow you to keep an eye on particularly problematic code and will help when pulling modules out for refactoring.

Monitor the application and understand where the bottlenecks and errors are. Any issues can get added to the development backlog and prioritized accordingly.

Monitor support requests. Are end users providing you with useful feedback that could indicate maintenance requirements?

The Application Should Be Portable

The application should be well documented. At a minimum, the provisioning and deployment workflows and any special incantations required to deploy to live should be written down.

Maintenance Is A Genuine Win-Win

Do yourself, your client and our entire industry a favor: help make web application maintenance become more of a thing.

(rb, ra, hj, il)

from Articles on Smashing Magazine — For Web Designers And Developers https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/03/web-app-maintenance/

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juliosmith-blog1 · 8 years ago

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evry BIS 311 Final Examination Answers

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Email us At: [email protected] or [email protected]

Question 1.1. (TCO 1) In the systems development life cycle, the goal of the design activity is to _____. (Points : 5)

determine exactly what a new or modified information system should do

create a set of detailed plans or blueprints for the system

build the application

ensure that the application works as desired

Question 2.2. (TCO 2) To plan the code for a procedure, _____ uses standardized symbols to show the steps the procedure must follow to reach its goal. (Points : 5)

pseudocode

a TOE chart

a class diagram

a flowchart

Question 3.3. (TCO 3) Computer memory locations where programmers can temporarily store and change data while an application is running are _____. (Points : 5)

classes

literals

constants

variables

Question 4.4. (TCO 3) In Visual Basic, which of the following correctly declares a named constant with the name strCOURSE that contains the string value “BIS311”? (Points : 5)

Const strCOURSE As String = “BIS311”

String Constant strCOURSE = “BIS311”

Dim strCOURSE As “BIS311”

Const String “BIS311” As strCOURSE

Question 5.5. (TCO 5) A _____ structure is used in an application when a decision needs to be made, followed by an action derived from that decision. (Points : 5)

selection

sequence

repetition

interrogative

Question 6.6. (TCO 5) If intQty contains 60, what will be the value of intPrice after executing the following code?

Select Case intQty

Case 1 To 50

intPrice = 10

Case 51 To 100

intPrice = 8

Case > 100

intPrice = 6

Case Else

intPrice = 0

End Select (Points : 5)

Question 7.7. (TCO 6) The loop below is classified as a(n) _____ loop.

Dim intNum As Integer = 2

MsgBox( intNum.ToString() )

intNum *= intNum

Loop While intNum < 1000 (Points : 5)

infinite

pretest

posttest

counter-controlled

Question 8.8. (TCO 6) Which element of the following array contains the value “Red”?

Dim strColors() As String = {“Red”, “Green”, “Blue”, “Yellow”} (Points : 5)

strColors(4)

strColors(3)

strColors(1)

strColors(0)

Question 9.9. (TCO 7) The _____ of an independent Sub procedure usually begins with the Private keyword. (Points : 5)

Call statement

argument list

procedure footer

procedure header

Question 10.10. (TCO 7) In the following function, what should go in the blank in the function header?

Private Function GetRatio(dblNumerator As Double, dblDenominator As Double) _____

Dim dblRatio As Double

dblRatio = dblNumerator/dblDenominator

Return dblRatio

End Function (Points : 5)

ByVal

ByRef

As Integer

As Double

Question 11.11. (TCO 2) An application for a shipping company needs to keep track of the length, width, height, and weight of packages. Using object-oriented programming methods, in this application, the weight of a package would be represented by a(n) _____. (Points : 5)

object

attribute

method

class

Question 12.12. (TCO 4) (TCO 4) Consider the following class definition:

Public Class Box

Public Length As Double

Public Width As Double

Public Height As Double

Public Function GetVolume() As Double

Return Length * Width * Height

End Function

End Class

If crate is an instance of Box, which of the following statements assigns a value to a property? (Points : 5)

crate.Length = 42

dblVolume = crate.GetVolume()

crate.GetVolume(42)

Call crate.Length(42)

Question 13.13. (TCO 8) A programmer makes a connection between a Visual Basic application and a database using the _____. (Points : 5)

Database Integration tool

data box control

Data Source Configuration Wizard

Dataset Designer

Question 14.14. (TCO 9) The components of a two-tier architecture are _____. (Points : 5)

the primary and the secondary

the client and the server

the master and the subordinate

the alpha and the beta

Page 2

Question 1. 1. (TCOs 1, 2, and 3) You have been asked to develop an application with the following business requirements: The user will enter an original price. When the user clicks a Calculate Sale Price button, the application will calculate a sale price by multiplying the original price by 80%. The application will display the sale price to the user.

(a) Develop a TOE chart for this application. You do not need to put it in table form, but list what would go in the Task column, what would go in the Object column, and what would go in the Event column for each row of the chart. Your chart should have at least three rows: one for input, one for processing, and one for output.

(b) Write pseudocode for the button-click event procedure in this application.

(c) Identify two variables and one constant that you would declare for this application. For each, provide a variable or constant name that follows the syntax rules of Visual Basic and the Hungarian naming convention, and an appropriate Visual Basic data type. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

Question 2. 2. (TCO 5) Consider the following Visual Basic code snippet:

If intScore >= 100 Then

lblMessage.Text = “Great job!”

Else

lblMessage.Text = “Better luck next time”

End If

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer.

(b) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what will be displayed to the user for each of the following values of intScore: 99, 100, and 101.

(c) Rewrite this code snippet so that it still produces the same results, but changing the condition in the first line from intScore >= 100 to intScore < 100. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer.

The control structure is an if statement that returns a message based on the value of the variable intScore.

(b) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what will be displayed to the user for each of the following values of intScore: 99, 100, and 101.

For 99, the message displayed on the screen will be “Better luck next time” because 99 is less than 100.

For 100, the message will be “Great job” as the value is included in the scoop on the variable intScore. i.e. 100 =100 evaluates to true.

For 101, the message will be “Great job” as the value is included in the scoop on the variable intScore. i.e 101 >100 evaluates to true.

(c) Rewrite this code snippet so that it still produces the same results, but changing the condition in the first line from intScore >= 100 to intScore < 100. (Points : 30)

Question 3. 3. (TCO 6) Consider the following code snippet:

Dim intTotal As Integer = 0

For intNum As Integer = 1 To 5

intTotal += intNum

Next intNum

MessageBox.Show( intTotal.ToString() )

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and explain your answer.

(b) Identify the counter variable and the accumulator variable in this loop. Explain your answer.

(c) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what value will be displayed in a message box to the user. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and explain your answer.

The control structure is a “for” loop that controls the execution of the condition and incrementing the intNum variable by 1, until the value 5 is reached.

(b) Identify the counter variable and the accumulator variable in this loop. Explain your answer.

The counter variable is intNum as it is increased by one within the loop and used to control the loop while the accumulator variable is intTotal because it stores the incremented value.

(c) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what value will be displayed in a message box to the user. (Points: 30)

The variable intTotal is initialised to 0, then the counter variable (intNum) is increased by one at each step until it obtains a value 5, then the loop stops. The message displayed on the screen will be: 0 1 2 3 4 5.

Question 1. 1. (TCO 7) (a) Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference when passing variables to a Sub procedure or function.

(b) Describe a specific example of using a Sub procedure when you would pass a variable by value.

Spellchecker

(a) Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference when passing variables to a Sub procedure or function.

Passing by value refers to a method of referencing variables by initialising them to real values while passing by reference is a reference method that involves assigning values to functions through other variables.

(b) Describe a specific example of using a Sub procedure when you would pass a variable by value.

Function sum {

Result=12 ;}

Function sum {

a=10, b=12;

Sum=a+b ;}

Question 2. 2. (TCOs 2 and 4) You have been asked to develop an application to keep track of employees’ scheduled vacations and ensure that all vacations are approved by the manager and that each employee does not exceed his or her maximum annual vacation time. Maximum annual vacation time is determined by the number of years the employee has worked for the firm. You are using object-oriented programming (OOP) to develop this application.

(a) Describe at least two classes that you could use in this application and what each class would represent in the real world.

(b) Describe at least two properties of each class you identified in part (a) and identify the data type you would use for each property.

(c) Describe at least one method of each class you identified in part (a), giving for each the method name and the action performed by the method. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) Describe at least two classes that you could use in this application and what each class would represent in the real world.

(b) Describe at least two properties of each class you identified in part (a) and identify the data type you would use for each property.

(c) Describe at least one method of each class you identified in part (a), giving for each the method name and the action performed by the method. (Points : 30)

Question 3. 3. (TCOs 8, 9, and 10) (a) Explain the roles of primary and foreign keys in a relational database.

(b) In a two-tier architecture with a thin client and fat server, describe the functions performed by the client and by the server in processing a request by a user for information from a database.

(c) In a Visual Basic application that retrieves data from a database, describe the role of a TableAdapter object. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) Explain the roles of primary and foreign keys in a relational database.

(b) In a two-tier architecture with a thin client and fat server, describe the functions performed by the client and by the server in processing a request by a user for information from a database.

(c) In a Visual Basic application that retrieves data from a database, describe the role of a TableAdapter object. (Points : 30)

#evry BIS 311 Final Examination Answers

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youralihammad-blog · 8 years ago

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BIS 311 Final Examination Answers

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BIS 311 Final Examination Answers

Question 1.1. (TCO 1) In the systems development life cycle, the goal of the design activity is to _____. (Points : 5)

determine exactly what a new or modified information system should do

create a set of detailed plans or blueprints for the system

build the application

ensure that the application works as desired

Question 2.2. (TCO 2) To plan the code for a procedure, _____ uses standardized symbols to show the steps the procedure must follow to reach its goal. (Points : 5)

pseudocode

a TOE chart

a class diagram

a flowchart

Question 3.3. (TCO 3) Computer memory locations where programmers can temporarily store and change data while an application is running are _____. (Points : 5)

classes

literals

constants

variables

Question 4.4. (TCO 3) In Visual Basic, which of the following correctly declares a named constant with the name strCOURSE that contains the string value “BIS311”? (Points : 5)

Const strCOURSE As String = “BIS311”

String Constant strCOURSE = “BIS311”

Dim strCOURSE As “BIS311”

Const String “BIS311” As strCOURSE

Question 5.5. (TCO 5) A _____ structure is used in an application when a decision needs to be made, followed by an action derived from that decision. (Points : 5)

selection

sequence

repetition

interrogative

Question 6.6. (TCO 5) If intQty contains 60, what will be the value of intPrice after executing the following code?

Select Case intQty

Case 1 To 50

intPrice = 10

Case 51 To 100

intPrice = 8

Case > 100

intPrice = 6

Case Else

intPrice = 0

End Select (Points : 5)

Question 7.7. (TCO 6) The loop below is classified as a(n) _____ loop.

Dim intNum As Integer = 2

MsgBox( intNum.ToString() )

intNum *= intNum

Loop While intNum < 1000 (Points : 5)

infinite

pretest

posttest

counter-controlled

Question 8.8. (TCO 6) Which element of the following array contains the value “Red”?

Dim strColors() As String = {“Red”, “Green”, “Blue”, “Yellow”} (Points : 5)

strColors(4)

strColors(3)

strColors(1)

strColors(0)

Question 9.9. (TCO 7) The _____ of an independent Sub procedure usually begins with the Private keyword. (Points : 5)

Call statement

argument list

procedure footer

procedure header

Question 10.10. (TCO 7) In the following function, what should go in the blank in the function header?

Private Function GetRatio(dblNumerator As Double, dblDenominator As Double) _____

Dim dblRatio As Double

dblRatio = dblNumerator/dblDenominator

Return dblRatio

End Function (Points : 5)

ByVal

ByRef

As Integer

As Double

object

attribute

method

class

Question 12.12. (TCO 4) (TCO 4) Consider the following class definition:

Public Class Box

Public Length As Double

Public Width As Double

Public Height As Double

Public Function GetVolume() As Double

Return Length * Width * Height

End Function

End Class

If crate is an instance of Box, which of the following statements assigns a value to a property? (Points : 5)

crate.Length = 42

dblVolume = crate.GetVolume()

crate.GetVolume(42)

Call crate.Length(42)

Question 13.13. (TCO 8) A programmer makes a connection between a Visual Basic application and a database using the _____. (Points : 5)

Database Integration tool

data box control

Data Source Configuration Wizard

Dataset Designer

Question 14.14. (TCO 9) The components of a two-tier architecture are _____. (Points : 5)

the primary and the secondary

the client and the server

the master and the subordinate

the alpha and the beta

Page 2

(b) Write pseudocode for the button-click event procedure in this application.

Spellchecker

Question 2. 2. (TCO 5) Consider the following Visual Basic code snippet:

If intScore >= 100 Then

lblMessage.Text = “Great job!”

Else

lblMessage.Text = “Better luck next time”

End If

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer.

(b) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what will be displayed to the user for each of the following values of intScore: 99, 100, and 101.

(c) Rewrite this code snippet so that it still produces the same results, but changing the condition in the first line from intScore >= 100 to intScore < 100. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer.

The control structure is an if statement that returns a message based on the value of the variable intScore.

(b) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what will be displayed to the user for each of the following values of intScore: 99, 100, and 101.

For 99, the message displayed on the screen will be “Better luck next time” because 99 is less than 100.

For 100, the message will be “Great job” as the value is included in the scoop on the variable intScore. i.e. 100 =100 evaluates to true.

For 101, the message will be “Great job” as the value is included in the scoop on the variable intScore. i.e 101 >100 evaluates to true.

(c) Rewrite this code snippet so that it still produces the same results, but changing the condition in the first line from intScore >= 100 to intScore < 100. (Points : 30)

Question 3. 3. (TCO 6) Consider the following code snippet:

Dim intTotal As Integer = 0

For intNum As Integer = 1 To 5

intTotal += intNum

Next intNum

MessageBox.Show( intTotal.ToString() )

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and explain your answer.

(b) Identify the counter variable and the accumulator variable in this loop. Explain your answer.

(c) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what value will be displayed in a message box to the user. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and explain your answer.

The control structure is a “for” loop that controls the execution of the condition and incrementing the intNum variable by 1, until the value 5 is reached.

(b) Identify the counter variable and the accumulator variable in this loop. Explain your answer.

The counter variable is intNum as it is increased by one within the loop and used to control the loop while the accumulator variable is intTotal because it stores the incremented value.

(c) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what value will be displayed in a message box to the user. (Points: 30)

Question 1. 1. (TCO 7) (a) Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference when passing variables to a Sub procedure or function.

(b) Describe a specific example of using a Sub procedure when you would pass a variable by value.

Spellchecker

(a) Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference when passing variables to a Sub procedure or function.

(b) Describe a specific example of using a Sub procedure when you would pass a variable by value.

Function sum {

Result=12 ;}

Function sum {

a=10, b=12;

Sum=a+b ;}

(a) Describe at least two classes that you could use in this application and what each class would represent in the real world.

(b) Describe at least two properties of each class you identified in part (a) and identify the data type you would use for each property.

(c) Describe at least one method of each class you identified in part (a), giving for each the method name and the action performed by the method. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) Describe at least two classes that you could use in this application and what each class would represent in the real world.

(b) Describe at least two properties of each class you identified in part (a) and identify the data type you would use for each property.

(c) Describe at least one method of each class you identified in part (a), giving for each the method name and the action performed by the method. (Points : 30)

Question 3. 3. (TCOs 8, 9, and 10) (a) Explain the roles of primary and foreign keys in a relational database.

(b) In a two-tier architecture with a thin client and fat server, describe the functions performed by the client and by the server in processing a request by a user for information from a database.

(c) In a Visual Basic application that retrieves data from a database, describe the role of a TableAdapter object. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) Explain the roles of primary and foreign keys in a relational database.

(b) In a two-tier architecture with a thin client and fat server, describe the functions performed by the client and by the server in processing a request by a user for information from a database.

(c) In a Visual Basic application that retrieves data from a database, describe the role of a TableAdapter object. (Points : 30)

#BIS 311 Final Examination Answers

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BIS 311 FINAL EXAMINATION ANSWERS

To Download tutorial Copy and Paste below Link into your Browser

https://www.essayblue.com/downloads/bis-311-final-examination-answers/

for any inquiry email us at ( [email protected] )

BIS 311 Final Examination Answers

Question 1.1. (TCO 1) In the systems development life cycle, the goal of the design activity is to _____. (Points : 5)

determine exactly what a new or modified information system should do

create a set of detailed plans or blueprints for the system

build the application

ensure that the application works as desired

Question 2.2. (TCO 2) To plan the code for a procedure, _____ uses standardized symbols to show the steps the procedure must follow to reach its goal. (Points : 5)

pseudocode

a TOE chart

a class diagram

a flowchart

Question 3.3. (TCO 3) Computer memory locations where programmers can temporarily store and change data while an application is running are _____. (Points : 5)

classes

literals

constants

variables

Question 4.4. (TCO 3) In Visual Basic, which of the following correctly declares a named constant with the name strCOURSE that contains the string value “BIS311”? (Points : 5)

Const strCOURSE As String = “BIS311”

String Constant strCOURSE = “BIS311”

Dim strCOURSE As “BIS311”

Const String “BIS311” As strCOURSE

Question 5.5. (TCO 5) A _____ structure is used in an application when a decision needs to be made, followed by an action derived from that decision. (Points : 5)

selection

sequence

repetition

interrogative

Question 6.6. (TCO 5) If intQty contains 60, what will be the value of intPrice after executing the following code?

Select Case intQty

Case 1 To 50

intPrice = 10

Case 51 To 100

intPrice = 8

Case > 100

intPrice = 6

Case Else

intPrice = 0

End Select (Points : 5)

Question 7.7. (TCO 6) The loop below is classified as a(n) _____ loop.

Dim intNum As Integer = 2

MsgBox( intNum.ToString() )

intNum *= intNum

Loop While intNum < 1000 (Points : 5)

infinite

pretest

posttest

counter-controlled

Question 8.8. (TCO 6) Which element of the following array contains the value “Red”?

Dim strColors() As String = {“Red”, “Green”, “Blue”, “Yellow”} (Points : 5)

strColors(4)

strColors(3)

strColors(1)

strColors(0)

Question 9.9. (TCO 7) The _____ of an independent Sub procedure usually begins with the Private keyword. (Points : 5)

Call statement

argument list

procedure footer

procedure header

Question 10.10. (TCO 7) In the following function, what should go in the blank in the function header?

Private Function GetRatio(dblNumerator As Double, dblDenominator As Double) _____

Dim dblRatio As Double

dblRatio = dblNumerator/dblDenominator

Return dblRatio

End Function (Points : 5)

ByVal

ByRef

As Integer

As Double

object

attribute

method

class

Question 12.12. (TCO 4) (TCO 4) Consider the following class definition:

Public Class Box

Public Length As Double

Public Width As Double

Public Height As Double

Public Function GetVolume() As Double

Return Length * Width * Height

End Function

End Class

If crate is an instance of Box, which of the following statements assigns a value to a property? (Points : 5)

crate.Length = 42

dblVolume = crate.GetVolume()

crate.GetVolume(42)

Call crate.Length(42)

Question 13.13. (TCO 8) A programmer makes a connection between a Visual Basic application and a database using the _____. (Points : 5)

Database Integration tool

data box control

Data Source Configuration Wizard

Dataset Designer

Question 14.14. (TCO 9) The components of a two-tier architecture are _____. (Points : 5)

the primary and the secondary

the client and the server

the master and the subordinate

the alpha and the beta

Page 2

(b) Write pseudocode for the button-click event procedure in this application.

Spellchecker

Question 2. 2. (TCO 5) Consider the following Visual Basic code snippet:

If intScore >= 100 Then

lblMessage.Text = “Great job!”

Else

lblMessage.Text = “Better luck next time”

End If

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer.

(b) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what will be displayed to the user for each of the following values of intScore: 99, 100, and 101.

(c) Rewrite this code snippet so that it still produces the same results, but changing the condition in the first line from intScore >= 100 to intScore < 100. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer.

The control structure is an if statement that returns a message based on the value of the variable intScore.

(b) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what will be displayed to the user for each of the following values of intScore: 99, 100, and 101.

For 99, the message displayed on the screen will be “Better luck next time” because 99 is less than 100.

For 100, the message will be “Great job” as the value is included in the scoop on the variable intScore. i.e. 100 =100 evaluates to true.

For 101, the message will be “Great job” as the value is included in the scoop on the variable intScore. i.e 101 >100 evaluates to true.

(c) Rewrite this code snippet so that it still produces the same results, but changing the condition in the first line from intScore >= 100 to intScore < 100. (Points : 30)

Question 3. 3. (TCO 6) Consider the following code snippet:

Dim intTotal As Integer = 0

For intNum As Integer = 1 To 5

intTotal += intNum

Next intNum

MessageBox.Show( intTotal.ToString() )

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and explain your answer.

(b) Identify the counter variable and the accumulator variable in this loop. Explain your answer.

(c) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what value will be displayed in a message box to the user. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and explain your answer.

The control structure is a “for” loop that controls the execution of the condition and incrementing the intNum variable by 1, until the value 5 is reached.

(b) Identify the counter variable and the accumulator variable in this loop. Explain your answer.

The counter variable is intNum as it is increased by one within the loop and used to control the loop while the accumulator variable is intTotal because it stores the incremented value.

(c) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what value will be displayed in a message box to the user. (Points: 30)

Question 1. 1. (TCO 7) (a) Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference when passing variables to a Sub procedure or function.

(b) Describe a specific example of using a Sub procedure when you would pass a variable by value.

Spellchecker

(a) Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference when passing variables to a Sub procedure or function.

(b) Describe a specific example of using a Sub procedure when you would pass a variable by value.

Function sum {

Result=12 ;}

Function sum {

a=10, b=12;

Sum=a+b ;}

(a) Describe at least two classes that you could use in this application and what each class would represent in the real world.

(b) Describe at least two properties of each class you identified in part (a) and identify the data type you would use for each property.

(c) Describe at least one method of each class you identified in part (a), giving for each the method name and the action performed by the method. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) Describe at least two classes that you could use in this application and what each class would represent in the real world.

(b) Describe at least two properties of each class you identified in part (a) and identify the data type you would use for each property.

(c) Describe at least one method of each class you identified in part (a), giving for each the method name and the action performed by the method. (Points : 30)

Question 3. 3. (TCOs 8, 9, and 10) (a) Explain the roles of primary and foreign keys in a relational database.

(b) In a two-tier architecture with a thin client and fat server, describe the functions performed by the client and by the server in processing a request by a user for information from a database.

(c) In a Visual Basic application that retrieves data from a database, describe the role of a TableAdapter object. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) Explain the roles of primary and foreign keys in a relational database.

(b) In a two-tier architecture with a thin client and fat server, describe the functions performed by the client and by the server in processing a request by a user for information from a database.

(c) In a Visual Basic application that retrieves data from a database, describe the role of a TableAdapter object. (Points : 30)

#BIS 311 FINAL EXAMINATION ANSWERS

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BIS 311 FINAL EXAMINATION ANSWERS

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BIS 311 Final Examination Answers

Question 1.1. (TCO 1) In the systems development life cycle, the goal of the design activity is to _____. (Points : 5)

determine exactly what a new or modified information system should do

create a set of detailed plans or blueprints for the system

build the application

ensure that the application works as desired

Question 2.2. (TCO 2) To plan the code for a procedure, _____ uses standardized symbols to show the steps the procedure must follow to reach its goal. (Points : 5)

pseudocode

a TOE chart

a class diagram

a flowchart

Question 3.3. (TCO 3) Computer memory locations where programmers can temporarily store and change data while an application is running are _____. (Points : 5)

classes

literals

constants

variables

Question 4.4. (TCO 3) In Visual Basic, which of the following correctly declares a named constant with the name strCOURSE that contains the string value “BIS311”? (Points : 5)

Const strCOURSE As String = “BIS311”

String Constant strCOURSE = “BIS311”

Dim strCOURSE As “BIS311”

Const String “BIS311” As strCOURSE

Question 5.5. (TCO 5) A _____ structure is used in an application when a decision needs to be made, followed by an action derived from that decision. (Points : 5)

selection

sequence

repetition

interrogative

Question 6.6. (TCO 5) If intQty contains 60, what will be the value of intPrice after executing the following code?

Select Case intQty

Case 1 To 50

intPrice = 10

Case 51 To 100

intPrice = 8

Case > 100

intPrice = 6

Case Else

intPrice = 0

End Select (Points : 5)

Question 7.7. (TCO 6) The loop below is classified as a(n) _____ loop.

Dim intNum As Integer = 2

MsgBox( intNum.ToString() )

intNum *= intNum

Loop While intNum < 1000 (Points : 5)

infinite

pretest

posttest

counter-controlled

Question 8.8. (TCO 6) Which element of the following array contains the value “Red”?

Dim strColors() As String = {“Red”, “Green”, “Blue”, “Yellow”} (Points : 5)

strColors(4)

strColors(3)

strColors(1)

strColors(0)

Question 9.9. (TCO 7) The _____ of an independent Sub procedure usually begins with the Private keyword. (Points : 5)

Call statement

argument list

procedure footer

procedure header

Question 10.10. (TCO 7) In the following function, what should go in the blank in the function header?

Private Function GetRatio(dblNumerator As Double, dblDenominator As Double) _____

Dim dblRatio As Double

dblRatio = dblNumerator/dblDenominator

Return dblRatio

End Function (Points : 5)

ByVal

ByRef

As Integer

As Double

object

attribute

method

class

Question 12.12. (TCO 4) (TCO 4) Consider the following class definition:

Public Class Box

Public Length As Double

Public Width As Double

Public Height As Double

Public Function GetVolume() As Double

Return Length * Width * Height

End Function

End Class

If crate is an instance of Box, which of the following statements assigns a value to a property? (Points : 5)

crate.Length = 42

dblVolume = crate.GetVolume()

crate.GetVolume(42)

Call crate.Length(42)

Question 13.13. (TCO 8) A programmer makes a connection between a Visual Basic application and a database using the _____. (Points : 5)

Database Integration tool

data box control

Data Source Configuration Wizard

Dataset Designer

Question 14.14. (TCO 9) The components of a two-tier architecture are _____. (Points : 5)

the primary and the secondary

the client and the server

the master and the subordinate

the alpha and the beta

Page 2

(b) Write pseudocode for the button-click event procedure in this application.

Spellchecker

Question 2. 2. (TCO 5) Consider the following Visual Basic code snippet:

If intScore >= 100 Then

lblMessage.Text = “Great job!”

Else

lblMessage.Text = “Better luck next time”

End If

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer.

(b) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what will be displayed to the user for each of the following values of intScore: 99, 100, and 101.

(c) Rewrite this code snippet so that it still produces the same results, but changing the condition in the first line from intScore >= 100 to intScore < 100. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer.

The control structure is an if statement that returns a message based on the value of the variable intScore.

(b) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what will be displayed to the user for each of the following values of intScore: 99, 100, and 101.

For 99, the message displayed on the screen will be “Better luck next time” because 99 is less than 100.

For 100, the message will be “Great job” as the value is included in the scoop on the variable intScore. i.e. 100 =100 evaluates to true.

For 101, the message will be “Great job” as the value is included in the scoop on the variable intScore. i.e 101 >100 evaluates to true.

(c) Rewrite this code snippet so that it still produces the same results, but changing the condition in the first line from intScore >= 100 to intScore < 100. (Points : 30)

Question 3. 3. (TCO 6) Consider the following code snippet:

Dim intTotal As Integer = 0

For intNum As Integer = 1 To 5

intTotal += intNum

Next intNum

MessageBox.Show( intTotal.ToString() )

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and explain your answer.

(b) Identify the counter variable and the accumulator variable in this loop. Explain your answer.

(c) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what value will be displayed in a message box to the user. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) What type of control structure is this? Be as specific as possible, and explain your answer.

The control structure is a “for” loop that controls the execution of the condition and incrementing the intNum variable by 1, until the value 5 is reached.

(b) Identify the counter variable and the accumulator variable in this loop. Explain your answer.

The counter variable is intNum as it is increased by one within the loop and used to control the loop while the accumulator variable is intTotal because it stores the incremented value.

(c) Describe step by step how this code will be executed and what value will be displayed in a message box to the user. (Points: 30)

Question 1. 1. (TCO 7) (a) Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference when passing variables to a Sub procedure or function.

(b) Describe a specific example of using a Sub procedure when you would pass a variable by value.

Spellchecker

(a) Explain the difference between passing by value and passing by reference when passing variables to a Sub procedure or function.

(b) Describe a specific example of using a Sub procedure when you would pass a variable by value.

Function sum {

Result=12 ;}

Function sum {

a=10, b=12;

Sum=a+b ;}

(a) Describe at least two classes that you could use in this application and what each class would represent in the real world.

(b) Describe at least two properties of each class you identified in part (a) and identify the data type you would use for each property.

(c) Describe at least one method of each class you identified in part (a), giving for each the method name and the action performed by the method. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) Describe at least two classes that you could use in this application and what each class would represent in the real world.

(b) Describe at least two properties of each class you identified in part (a) and identify the data type you would use for each property.

(c) Describe at least one method of each class you identified in part (a), giving for each the method name and the action performed by the method. (Points : 30)

Question 3. 3. (TCOs 8, 9, and 10) (a) Explain the roles of primary and foreign keys in a relational database.

(b) In a two-tier architecture with a thin client and fat server, describe the functions performed by the client and by the server in processing a request by a user for information from a database.

(c) In a Visual Basic application that retrieves data from a database, describe the role of a TableAdapter object. (Points : 30)

Spellchecker

(a) Explain the roles of primary and foreign keys in a relational database.

(b) In a two-tier architecture with a thin client and fat server, describe the functions performed by the client and by the server in processing a request by a user for information from a database.

(c) In a Visual Basic application that retrieves data from a database, describe the role of a TableAdapter object. (Points : 30)

#BIS 311 FINAL EXAMINATION ANSWERS

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