#valide halime sultan

[elizabeth-halime]

[humasahsultanimsworld]

Sultans and Their Colorful Clothes + Halime Sultan wears a black fur caftan and a dark green one underneath

[parallellines]

The most powerful Ottoman Sultans + their Valides 

[chaos-of-the-abyss]

i swear they renovated the heck out of the palace between mck s1 and s2 bc i recognize none of the rooms or the halls now lol

[1533-secrets-from-history]

10 most influential women of the Ottoman Empire(My[extraordinary] opinion]

Number 10: Ayşe Hafsa Sultan.

Number 9: Valide Emmatulah Rabia Gulnuş

Number 8: Mihrimah Sultan

Number 7: (Naibe) Valide Handan Sultan

Number 6: (Naibe) Valide Halime Sultan

Number 5: Valide Safiye Sultan

Number 4: (Naibe) Valide Kösem Sultan

Number 3: Haseki Hürrem Sultan

Number 2:( Naibe) Valide Turhan Sultan

Number 1: Valide-I-Atik Nurbanu Sultan

[sevgilisultana]

𝑂𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ:

𝑊𝑒𝑒𝑘 1: 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑠

𝐷𝑎𝑦 5: 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛, 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛

[womenoftheottomanempire]

~Halime Sultan~

Her exact date of birth is unknwon. Most historian agree that she was a woman of abkhazian origin.She gave birth to at least four childern to Sultan Mehmed III. Her first and last child have a age differnce of 15 years what suggest that she was clearly the favorite consort. After the death of princes Süleyman and Selim, sons of Handan Sultan, Halime's son Mahmud was the eldest living son. But Mehmed III never named him as his heir. In fact, he saw him as a threat because Mahmud was popular among soliders. Mahmud often spoke against his grandmother, Valide Safiye Sultan. Once, Halime wrote a letter to a seer and asked if her son would ascend the throne, the reply letter came and the seer wrote, that Mahmud would ascend the Throne within 6 months after unpleasant thing happend to Mehmed III. The reply letter unfortunately never reached Halime but her mother in law, Safiye. Mehmed III executed his son Mahmud and Halime was exiled to Old Palace. In fact, it was belived for centuries that Halime was executed along with her son. After Sultan Mehmed's death, Ahmed I ascended the throne. He didn't execute Halime's youngest son Mustafa and thus stopped the fratricide law. But he created cages , appartments where the survived princes lived without right of proper education and right of having harem. After Ahmed's death, Halime's son Mustafa acended the throne. But his reign didn't last long because after all this years spent in kafes, he suffered of mental problems. Mustafa was dethroned and locked up again and Ahmed's son, Osman ascended the Throne. Four years later, Osman was deposed and Mustafa ascended the throne again. Halime worked hard to built alliances and urged to appoint her son in law, Davut Pasha as grand Vezir. Halime and Davut ruled the Empire. Davut Pasha was found guilty of execution of Sultan Osman 2 and was executed in 1623. Halime wothout Davut's help couldn't rule the empire. She made a deal with Kösem Sultan, that Mustafa is going back to kafes and Kösem's son Murad would ascend the throne. Halime moved back to Old Palace. She lived there forgotten. It is unknown when she died but since she is buried in Mustafa's türbe in Hagia Sofia. This suggest that she died after Mustafa who died in 1639.

[hurremsultanns]

hi. i wanted to ask you about what you would have liked to see in a show that followed the lives of the main characters left hanging at the end of mc (selim, nurbanu, safiye, etc). i have a weak cognition of you having talked about this before. in that case, could you link the posts to me? thank you.

I would have loved to see the evolving dynamics between Selim, Nurbanu and Murad. And Nurbanu's evolution from Haseki to Valide.

More of Yasef Nasih

The conflict between Nurbanu and Safiye

The childhoods and better character development for Hümaşah and Fahriye Sultan

The past rivalry of Handan and Halime and Safiye's involvement in this during her tenure as Valide Sultan

The character evolution of my beloved Cennet Kalfa!

[ottomanladies]

First of all, I hope you are well. I would like to know something. You once said you were a student to become a historian, and I see your account, I love your content!

But a few months ago in tiktok a historian came up and said that indeed Handan was an official regent, while Halime was not.

Also, reading Alan Mikhail's work, he refers to Hafsa as the first of the female Sultanate. And again this historian has said that yes, the beginning of the Female Sultanate can be considered from when Hafsa becomes Valide Sultan or when Hurrem becomes Haseki, whichever of the two dates is valid.

What is your opinion?

Hi! I’m well, thanks! Yeah, I’m a history student.

The issue with Handan is that the regency was split between her and Ahmed’s tutor Lala Mustafa Efendi, so from outside it looked like the tutor had assumed the regency. Handan, though, was very influent and the appointments of Bosnian statesmen is an indication.

Halime wasn’t an official regent because her son was not a minor. In reality, she basically decided everything for him.

If I ever said that Halime was an official regent and Handan wasn’t then I was wrong. I can’t remember at the moment.

As for the start of the Sultanate of Women, I personally do not consider Ayşe Hafsa to be part of it. For me the Sultanate started when Süleyman married Hürrem after his mother’s death. Another date is 1536, when Ibrahim Pasha was executed. I usually fluctuate between Hürrem’s marriage and Ibrahim Pasha’s execution.

[gulnarsultan]

》 Halime Altunşah Sultan 《

Real name : Altunşah (It is thought that her first name was Altunşah. She was given the name Halime after she was taken to the palace.)

Date and place of birth: 1572 / Caucasus

Date and place of death: 1642

Origin: Abkhaz nobleman belongs to the Lakerbe Dynasty.

Her brothers: Pervan Mirza, Astamur Mirza, Misost Mirza

Sister: Fatma Hatun, Zamane Hatun, Feride Hatun.( Feride Hatun is the mother of Mahfiruz Sultan.)

Hsband : 3 Mehmed

Marriage date : 1586

Children:

Şehzade Mahmud

1 Mustapha

Hatice Sultan

Gevherhan Sultan ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The palace was taken by Servezad Kalfa. Halime Sultan was not liked by Safiye Sultan because she was Caucasian. There is no information about how he got along with his other rivals (3 Mehmed's wives). She was not a witch as shown in the movie. He caused the execution of his son, Şehzade Mahmud (After the letter from the astrologer, which he was waiting for information about his son's ascension to the throne, passed into the hands of Valide Safiye Sultan and in addition, After Şehzade Mahmud asked his father for an army to suppress the rebellion, Mehmed III listened to his mother Safiye Sultan and had her son executed. ) and she played a great role in the murder of 2 Osman.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Gerçek adı: Altunşah (İlk adının Altunşah olduğu sanılmaktadır. Saraya alındıktan sonra Halime adını almıştır.)

Doğum tarihi ve yeri: 1572 / Kafkasya

Ölüm tarihi ve yeri: 1642

Menşei: Abhaz asilzadesi Lakerbe Hanedanlığına aittir.

Erkek kardeşleri: Pervan Mirza, Astamur Mirza, Misost Mirza

Kız kardeşleri: Fatma Hatun, Zamane Hatun, Feride Hatun.( Feride Hatun, Mahfiruz Sultan'ın annesidir.)

Eşi: 3 Mehmed

Evlilik tarihi : 1586

Çocuklar:

Şehzade Mahmud

1 Mustafa

Hatice Sultan

Gevherhan Sultan

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Saraya Servezad Kalfa tarafından alındı. Halime Sultan, Kafkasyalı olduğu için Safiye Sultan tarafından sevilmemiştir. Diğer rakipleriyle (3 Mehmed'in eşleri) nasıl geçindiği hakkında bilgi yoktur. Filmde gösterildiği gibi bir cadı değildi. Oğlu Şehzade Mahmud'un infazına sebep oldu (Oğlunun tahta geçtiğine dair bilgi beklediği müneccimden gelen mektubun Valide Safiye Sultan'ın eline geçmesinden ve ayrıca Şehzade Mahmud isyanları bastırmak için babasından ordu istemesinden sonra 3 Mehmed annesi Safiye Sultanı dinleyerek oğlunu idam ettirmiştir. ) ve 2 Osman'ın öldürülmesinde büyük rol oynadı.

The picture is representative. Resim temsilidir

[elizabeth-halime]

Halime Sultan and Kösem Sultan

Halime Sultan and Dilruba Sultan

Halime Sultan and Safiye Sultan

[humasahsultanimsworld]

Sultans and Their Colorful Clothes + The simple red caftan that Halime Sultan wears in the harem scene

[valkyries-things]

HALIME SULTAN // VALIDE SULTAN OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

“She was a consort of Sultan Mehmed III, and the mother of Sultan Mustafa I. The first woman to be Valide Sultan twice and the only to be Valide twice of a same son. She had at least four children with Mehmed: two sons Şehzade Mahmud and Mustafa I, and two daughters, Hatice Sultan and Şah Sultan. She was de facto co-ruler as Valide Sultan from 22 November 1617 to 26 February 1618 and from 19 May 1622 to 10 September 1623, because her son was mentally instable. Halime was also one of the prominent figures during the era known as the Sultanate of Women.”

[1533-secrets-from-history]

Mistakes in the Magnificent Century part III

(title, ranks and traditions)

Some facts might be the same or very similar to the ones in previous parts,but they will be discussed from different angle.

1. Valide Sultan title

As I have spoken in the previous chapters, pre 1520 mothers of sultans were not sultans at all, they were titles as hatuns, though treated with utmost respect. In 1520 as Suleiman the Magnificent ascended the throne, he bestowed the title of Sultan to her mother Ayşe Hafsa, thus making her the first person in the ottoman history to become sultan from slavery. However, for Ayşe Hafsa being Sultan was not the same as the Valide Sultan that we know today. She was sultan yes, and she was the mother, so "Valide" was the proper address,from her children, as it was for every mother in the Ottoman empire, she was registered as "the mother of Sultan Suleiman", therefore in some sense, we can say she was not "Valide Sultan".

The first person,who actually made the "Valide sultan" a thing and officially registered herself was Nurbanu. So, the first Valide sultan with its full meaning was not Hafsa,but Nurbanu, who was registered as Valide Afife Nurbanu Sultan.

2. Haseki Sultan and Hürrem's marriage.

There were more than just several miscon- ceptions about the subject in the show.

First and foremost it was created specifically for Hürrem,so neither Hafsa nor Mahidevran have ever had the title. It also brought another mistake about Hafsa,that I will explain below,but now I will just make clearer how, when and why the status was created.

It was almost definitely created in mid-1534 after the death of Ayşe Hafsa Sultan and was probably legalised by their marriage, which by some sources is mentioned to be in 1533. If this is right, then it would mean, Suleiman married Hürrem before he gave her the status of Haseki and the marriage only freed her,but the most common and for me the most logical version is that after the death of Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman married her and gave her the title.

The death of Hafsa Sultan is a crucial part in the story, nor because she had some kind of objection towards Hürrem or her promotion,but the legal status of Hürrem reached its peak of necessity after her death. As we know, Ayşe Hafsa was a trusted ally and Confidant of uprising Sultan, even during his time as shehzade, so during the campaigns, his mother was the supervisor of the capital and his family, so the sultan could go to war without worrying about what he was leaving behind. However, after Hafsa's death things changed, Süleiman lost beloved mother and most trustworthy person around him, he needed to act immediately,as the campaign was near. He needed someone,whom he could entrust Harem, Family and the capital. His children were little, Sisters(whom by the way he trusted very much) were all married and Hürrem did not have a proper rank. It is said that he also discussed the candidate of high ranking harem servants, one and most promoted one of whom, in my opinion, would have been Gulfem, but he finally found the best possible solution that would affect his empire for centuries. He married Hürrem, gave her the rank of Haseki Sultan and left her in charge of the Harem, Family and the empire.

Hürrem became the first Haseki sultan in history.

Misusage of the title did not and here and there, not only the status and function,but even relevance of achievement was changed here. In the very first episode, Nigar kalfa made it clear that giving birth to a son, was enough to achieve it however, originally only the chosen ones could become Hasekis until its relevance faded during Murad's reign and completely lost exclusivity during Ibrahim's.

Essentially, the original function of haseki sultan was filling the absence of Valide, therefore only Hürrem and Nurbanu can be considered as the "original Haseki Sultans". Later many women were given the status, however the show made it wrong. Mahidevran,Mahfiruz and Halime never held it, however Şevikar, referred as Şevikar hatun in the show, was actually Haseki Şevikar sultan, the fifth Haseki of Ibrahim, three of whom, Ayşe, Mahinerv and Saçbağli, were left out, which is kind of understandable, because they had no importance in plot, unlike Turhan, never became Valide,unlike Saliha Dilaşub and Muazzez and had no influence on Ibrahim,Unlike Şevikar and Humaşah.

Their social standing is also misportrayed in the show, where Haseki ranks below and bows to imperial princesses, while in real life it was the other way around.

3. Daughters of Ottoman Princesses

In the show, we met three daughters of the ottoman princesses: Esmahan,Huriçihan and Humaşah. They are referred to as Sultans,but in real life the daughters of imperial princesses were not called so,instead they had the title Hanimsultan and ranked even below the imperial consorts. The only exception to that was Humaşah, the daughter of Mihrimah Sultan, who received the title and prestige of the Sultan.

4. Harem Kalfa

In the show, they are just giving people the rank left and right. Nigar was already a high ranking, trusted servant of harem,but it turned out that she had only been there for 6 years. Fidan hatun was banished for attacking Sultan,but after a while she returned and became Kalfa, in Kösem melek hatun received rank out of the blue etc.

In real life, however, becoming kalfa was a long process. As we know,there were hundreds or even thousands of girls in the harem,but only a handful of them would become favourites,but what would happen to others? After ten years of being a harem resident some of them would have been transferred from harem and soon married off, some could by freedom, while others, usually the smartest and most responsible ones,would go to a special school that lasted two years, they would revive extensive training, both intellectual and physical, after that they could return in harem as teachers and overseers and if they were good enough they could promote.

There was actually quite a complicated hierarchy of harem servants,not only there were Kalfa's who had duty to supervise certain works like food or laundry(later even coffee),but there were administrative ranks, that they could achieve:

Mistress chief treasurer(Baş Hazinedar usta): she was head of the harem treasury.

Treasurers(Hazinedars): there were other hazinedars as well, who worked in harem treasury. Baş hazinedar usta was their direct superior.

Imperial Kalfa(Hünkar Kalfası): Personal kalfa of the padişah.

Lady stewardess(Kahya kadin/Kethüda Hatun): she ranked below imperial consorts,but her role raised during sultanate of women, when Gülfem and Çanfeda held the office, they were right hand women of Chief Harem managers(Hürrem and Nurbanu) therefore second in command of the Harem.

Senior Kalfa(Büyük Kalfa): Head of Kalfas, she was responsible for literally everything that was happening in the harem, sultans and şehzades treated her with respect and called "my kalfa" or "your grace"

Lady secretary: secretary of administrative organs of harem.

Junior kalfa( Küçük Kalfa): Senior kalfa was their direct superior. They had ranks within( second- ranking, third ranking, novice etc.) They were sometimes teachers and daily overseers.

Çanfeda for example entered the harem with Nurbanu, so in late 1530's or early 1540's. Nurbanu became favourite and went to Manisa, while Çanfeda remained in the old palace, in 1566 she was already a high ranking kalfa in the old palace, when Nurbanu called her. That would mean she was sent to train as kalfa in late 1540's or yearly 1550's, therefore she would have a decade or two to raise in ranks.

5. Princely harem.

In the magnificent century, prince usually gets his harem, whole in Topkapi palace, which is the lie through and through. They went even further and made up with the rule that the prince can not have a child with their concubine until they get their province to rule. Why would they be allowed to have concubines,but not having a child, when contraception is still unreliable.

Actually, their case was far more easier, princes would revive their sanjaks while still very young, their mothers, governesses and close servants would carefully choose their harem and leave the palace with their mother and full sisters. That also brought another mistake in the show. In the flashbacks, we can see Ayşe Hafsa and Hatice visiting Suleiman in Manisa, however Ayşe Hafsa along with Fatma and beyhan left for Manisa with Suleiman in 1512, while Hatice,being 4 years older than Suleiman, got married the same year.

6. Regency

They introduced Kösem's regency as something unheard of,while completely neglecting Handan and Halime.

Handan was the first woman ever to rule as regents in her son's stead. She appointed viziers, discussed political matters and built a trusted circle for her son.

Halime was not officially registered regent but due to the insanity of her son, paşas asked her to rule the state after the rebellion she herself organized.

Kösem's and Turhan's regency is well known, so I will not speak about it.

7. Kösem's wedding

Not exactly the mistake as it is not proven, but as the event is highly unlike, I'll just put it there.

In 1609 it is said that Ahmed had four children with two women,but neither of them were married to him. In the two latters, one form 1612 and other from 1616, the 1612 letter straight out mentions her as sultan's concubine, who he loves the most and in 1616 she is mentioned as juts Haseki,but nothing is said about the marriage( I am not adamant about him not marrying her,I am just saying that it's unlikely, however I admitt she might indeed was concubine in 1612 and after the death of Mahfiruz, Ahmed married her and raised her stipend),however early in Kösem's regency vencians questioned ottoman practice, that mother of sultan was honoured and even given the regency,despite not being married to his father. As we know in Venice and generaly in Europe, source of power for woman was her marriage and not just motherhood. That is a time, when it was "unrevealed" that ahemd married her before he died,(if that latter is to be believed than Kösem and Ahmed did not marry in 1613), now it was actually thought that it was false information used by Kösem to strengthen her position in the eye of Venice as they needed friendly relation with them. That is not widely accepted,but it can be strengthened by the fact that Vencians still did not believe it, so perhaps they knew for sure that it was lie?

8. The death of Halime sultan and Mustafa.

In the show Halime, like many others, is victim of making Kösem seem more powerful, while Mustafa was killed by Murad. In real life, Mustafa died of natural causes, probably because of epilepsy in 1539, he was buried in Hagia Sophia and the coffin was placed in a mosque built for him. Halime is buried next to him and no permission of reburial was asked or granted, therefore Halime was not killed by Kösem, she went to the old palace and lived a long life.

9. 1517-1540

I'll be honest, I don't remember much of those episodes, they were boring and monotonous for me, but what I remember is one part from Kösem's iconic " The state you are talking about is mine" speech. She mentioned that she took over the reins of the state from Ahmed 15 years before the event, well that is a huge lie. Though the show runners tried to make Kösem all powerful, the invincible mastermind behind every single breath people drew in the empire,but she was actually quite powerless from time to time and the period between 1617 and 1623 is one of such. She was still young and inexperienced that time and main powerhouses in the empire were Halime and Osman's faction and she was not the leading force during any of the rebellions, she was allie of Halime, who, according to many historians, had major influence that time and the great impact on Kösem. Some even go as far as claiming that she persuaded Osman to kill Mehmed, so Kösem would take her side.

In short, Kösem did not have reins of sultanate for 15 years,but only about 10.

As I said, I don't remember much about the episodes, but from what I remember, Kösem had something to do with Murad's death. I'll be short on this: that's a lie.

10. Coup of 1648

The show made Kösem something of a filicidal tyrant. However, In real life her tyrannical tendencies appeared only after the death of Ibrahim, which he had nothing to do with. The ones behind the incident were Turhan and her faction. Kösem indeed took part in the Ibrahim's dethronement for the good of everyone,but mainly because she had seen the mad sultan dethroned,but lived. Mustafa had a similar situation,he was dethroned and locked in kafe, while his mother was sent to the old palace, which Kösem was absolutely willing to do. However, Turhan made her move and had Ibrahim executed to get rid of opposition for good, or perhaps because of the old resentment. Things did not go exactly as she had planned though, Kösem became regent and visibly started to avenge Ibrahim's death, it became clear that she was not going to hand over any power to Turhan and after she started to oppose even went as far as attempted dethronement of Mehmed(however she was not going to kill him.)

Therefore the child killing monster the show made her become is straight out a lie. One of her sons died of natural causes and the other was killed by outer forces, that she tried to avenge.

[sevgilisultana]

𝚂𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚜 + 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎

𝙺𝚘𝚜𝚎𝚖’𝚜 𝚐𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚝𝚎��𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎 𝚐𝚘𝚠𝚗 𝟸𝚡𝟸,𝟹,𝟾,𝟸𝟸

𝙰𝚢𝚜𝚎’𝚜 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎 𝚋𝚎𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎 𝚍𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝟸𝚡𝟹𝟸,𝟹𝟹

𝙼𝚒𝚑𝚛𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚑’𝚜 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎 𝚍𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝚎𝚙 𝟿𝟿,𝟷𝟶𝟺,𝟷𝟷𝟶,𝟷𝟷𝟻,𝟷𝟹𝟷

𝙰𝚢𝚜𝚎’𝚜 𝚙𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎 𝚐𝚘𝚠𝚗 + 𝚜𝚎𝚚𝚞𝚒𝚗 𝚕𝚊𝚌𝚎 𝚔𝚊𝚏𝚝𝚊𝚗 𝟸𝚡𝟸,𝟾

𝙺𝚘𝚜𝚎𝚖’𝚜 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎 𝚐𝚘𝚠𝚗 𝟷𝚡𝟸𝟽

𝙳𝚒𝚕𝚛𝚞𝚋𝚊’𝚜 𝚛𝚘𝚢𝚊𝚕 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎 𝚍𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜 + 𝚙𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚕 𝚊𝚌𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜 𝟷𝚡𝟸𝟷,𝟸𝟹

𝙶𝚎𝚟𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚑𝚊𝚗’𝚜 𝚗𝚊𝚟𝚢 𝚜𝚒𝚕𝚔 𝚐𝚘𝚠𝚗 & 𝚌𝚊𝚙𝚎

𝙷𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚎’𝚜 𝚟𝚎𝚕𝚟𝚎𝚝 𝚋𝚕𝚞𝚎 𝚐𝚘𝚠𝚗 & 𝚐𝚘𝚕𝚍𝚎𝚗 𝚔𝚊𝚏𝚝𝚊𝚗

𝙺𝚘𝚜𝚎𝚖’𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜 𝟷𝚡𝟷𝟹,𝟷𝟺,𝟷𝟻,𝟷𝟾

𝚂𝚊𝚏𝚒𝚢𝚎’𝚜 𝚝𝚎𝚊𝚕/𝚐𝚘𝚕𝚍 𝚐𝚘𝚠𝚗 𝚠/𝚑 𝚑𝚎𝚊𝚍𝚙𝚒𝚎𝚌𝚎 𝟷𝚡𝟶𝟷

[sweetarabprincess]

Ertuğrul (Ertugrul; 1198 - 1281) was a leader of the Arsifs (Kay Buyu), a tribe of Oghuz Turks originally from northern Iran. He was also the father of Osman I, who later became the founder of the Ottoman Empire. His two other sons are: Gündüz Alp and Savcı Bei (Saru Yati). Personal Biography Ertuğrul is the son of the tribal chief (bey) of the Kayi tribe, Salumao Shah and his wife, Hayme Khatun, and the brother of Dundar, Gundugu, and Songurtkin. In his youth, Ertugrul saw Iran overrun by the Mongol invasion in the mid-13th century and forced the Kayi tribe to leave Iran for Anatolia. During the escape, Ertuğrul's father Suleiman Shah drowned while crossing the Euphrates while retreating from a losing battle against the Mongols. Thus, Ertuğrul took charge of the Kayı tribe at the age of 29. Alaeddin I, Seljuk sultan of Rûm (Central Anatolia), conquered Ertuğrul and his tribe in northwestern Anatolia, in the area around the town of Sogut, between the Sangarius River and the Karaca Dağ mountain; At the time, it was an inescapable frontier of the Turkish-Byzantine frontier and close to such strongholds of Greece as Nicaea, Bursa, and Nicomedia. Ertuğrul, like his later son Osman and grandson Orkanu I, received from the Sultan of Rum the title of "Ghazi", meaning a veteran, or judge and defender of the cause of Islam. In the 19th century, a frigate of the Ottoman Navy was named after Ertuğrul in his memory. children Ertuğrul married Halim Khatun (nee Halim Sultan), a Seljuk princess, daughter of Adil's brother Alaeddin the Great. With her marriage to Ertugrul and her joining the Kayi tribe, she became known as Halima Khatun, and with her son Osman I assuming the Ottoman throne, Halima received the title of Valid Khatun. The Ertuğrul-Halime couple had three or four children, Gunduz Alpe, Savcı Bey, and possibly Osman I, as well as Saru Batu. Historian Heath Ward Lowry, among other Ottoman scholars, claims that the mother of Osman I is unknown, as some people believe that Halim Hatun died and married Ertuğrul years later.كان أرطغرل (أرطغرل ؛ 1198 - 1281) زعيمًا للأرصفة (كاي بويو) ، وهي قبيلة من الأتراك الأوغوز في الأصل من شمال إيران. كان أيضًا والد عثمان الأول ، الذي أصبح فيما بعد مؤسس الإمبراطورية العثمانية. ابناه الآخران هما: Gündüz Alp و Savcı Bei (Saru Yati). سيرة شخصية أرطغرل هو ابن الزعيم القبلي (باي) لقبيلة كاي ، سالوماو شاه وزوجته هايمه خاتون وشقيق دوندار وجوندوجو وسونجورتكين. في شبابه ، رأى أرطغرل أن إيران اجتاحت بسبب الغزو المغولي في منتصف القرن الثالث عشر وأجبرت قبيلة كايي على مغادرة إيران إلى الأناضول. أثناء الهروب ، غرق سليمان شاه والد إرتوغرول أثناء عبوره نهر الفرات بينما كان يتراجع عن معركة خاسرة ضد المغول. وهكذا ، تولى إرتوغرول مسؤولية قبيلة القايي في سن 29. غزا علاء الدين الأول ، السلطان السلجوقي لروم (وسط الأناضول) ، في إرتوغرول وقبيلته في شمال غرب الأناضول ، في منطقة حول بلدة سوجوت ، بين نهر سانغاريوس وجبل كاراكا داغ ؛ في ذلك الوقت ، كانت حدودًا لا مفر منها من الحدود التركية البيزنطية وقريبة من معاقل اليونان مثل نيقية وبورصة ونيكوميديا. تلقى إرتوغرول ، مثل ابنه عثمان لاحقًا وحفيده أوركانو الأول ، من سلطان رم لقب "غازي" ، أي محارب قديم ، أو قاضي ومدافع عن قضية الإسلام. في القرن التاسع عشر ، سميت فرقاطة تابعة للبحرية العثمانية باسم أرطغرل في ذاكرته. أطفال تزوج أرطغرل من حليم خاتون (ني حليم سلطان) ، أميرة سلجوقية ، ابنة شقيق عادل لعلاء الدين آيو العظيم. بزواجها من أرطغرل وانضمامها إلى قبيلة القايي ، أصبحت تُعرف باسم حليمة خاتون ومع تولي ابنها عثمان الأول العرش العثماني ، حصلت حليمة على لقب فاليد خاتون. كان للزوجين Ertuğrul-Halime ثلاثة أو أربعة أطفال ، Gunduz Alpe و Savcı Bey وربما عثمان الأول ، وكذلك Saru Batu. يزعم المؤرخ هيث وارد لوري ، من بين علماء عثمانيين آخرين ، أن والدة عثمان الأول غير معروفة ، حيث يعتقد بعض الناس أن حليم هاتون توفي وتزوج أرطغرل بعد سنوات.