#Video Tutorial Slackware

[linuxforallsite]

  Tan SIMPLE como ésto, mostrar un video tutorial, mostrar paso a paso una instalación full de Slackware para demostrar que cualquier persona puede instalar una distribución de GNU/Linux pero ésta no es igual a otras, ésta distribución es legendaria de años que mantiene hasta el día de la fecha su filosofía, su creador (thank you) y la idea de llevar adelante un proyecto que hasta por lo que vi (siempre hablando por los amigos de habla hispana, si es que están, háganse presente!) es muy chica, pero, PERO la actitud y conocimientos necesarios para asesorar, ayudar y dar un soporte excelente con la respuesta que uno necesita.

Para todos ustedes les presento a Slackware Linux Project.

¿Qué es Slackware Linux Project?

Slackware Linux es la distro (distribución del sistema operativo GNU/Linux) que sigue en actualización y desarrollo desde hace más tiempo.

Su versión actual es la versión 14.2, publicada el primero de julio de 2016. Contiene un programa de instalación sencillo de utilizar, aunque está basado en texto, a diferencia de otros entornos de instalación basados en ambientes gráficos. También cuenta con extensa documentación en inglés y un sistema de gestión de paquetes basado en menús. Lo que diferencia a Slackware Linux de otras distribuciones Linux es que la misma se asemeja en alto grado a los sistemas operativos Unix. A tal efecto, incluye software que normalmente no se encuentra en otras distribuciones Linux, tal como la última versión del entorno de comandos Korn shell. Más información aquí.

Trataré de colocar todos los screenshots posibles durante la instalación siempre además con un videotutorial para que puedan “apreciar” como es el proceso y selección de “éste” tipo de instalación.

  PreInstalación:

– Para los que quieran crear un pendrive booteable, les dejo a continuación un how to de como crearlo.

Instalación:

1 – Elegimos el idioma del teclado:

2 – Pasamos a la distribución del mismo aquí:

3 – Terminado lo anterior y finalizadas las particiones que quedaron como queremos, pasamos a escribir dentro del shell el comando “setup” y comenzamos así seleccionando y activando la partición swap así:

  4 – Seleccionamos la o las particiones para predefinir nuestro sistema ya sea con / y /home, etc. Teniendo en cuenta el formateo de las mismas:

    4.a – Seleccionaremos el sistema de archivos en éste caso ext4.

5 – Ahora seleccionamos desde dónde instalaremos Slackware 14.2

6 – Ahora la parte MÁS o una de las más importantes es seleccionar lo que vamos a instalar en nuestro sistema, queda criterio y selección de ustedes, en éste caso elegimos “full”.

7 – Una vez comenzada la instalación de paquetes esperaremos y tendremos en cuenta el tiempo de acuerdo a lo que seleccionamos será lo que demora en instalar, asi que no nos desesperemos

8 – Terminado el proceso de desempaquetado e instalación nos dará para elegir el inicio en éste caso NO vamos a usar grub, sinó nuestro viejo y querido LiLo:

8.a – En el caso que necesitemos agregar algún tipo de línea en nuestro inicio tenemos ésa libertad de hacerlo (GNU/Linux)

9 – Elegiremos el tipo de fuente de nuestra consola

10 – Ahora dónde instalamos LiLo

11 – Configuramos nuestro puerto del mouse (ratón) para que funcione en consola, interesante no?

12 – Configuramos internet (creo, si no es así la parte más IMPORTANTE)

12.a – Configuramos el hostname

12.b – Dominio ahora

12.c – El protocolo de internet en éste caso elijo DHCP, ustedes deben elegir el que les funcione y el que necesiten realmente

12.d – Confirmo con “enter” porque dejo todo “default”.

13 – Confirmo los servicios que quiero que se inicien en Sysvinit (para algunos la salvación)

14 – Configuramos la fuente de la tty, en el caso que lo hagamos, pero no es obligación, sinó damos “Enter”.

15 – Seteamos nuestro horario

16 – Ahora “seteamos” la constraseña de root”

17 – Terminamos la instalación, ahora lo que hace falta es reiniciar nuestro nuevo sistema con las opciones que elegimos para comenzar a disfrutar y a configurar TODO lo que nos hace falta! Éso lo dejaré para otro how-to para saber que hacer luego de instalar Slackware 14.2.

Para los que necesitan ver el proceso de instalación, es un toque largo el video pero pueden ver exactamente como es y salir de las dudas que tengan también.

  Bueno espero que les haya servido, recuerden por favor compartir éstos tutoriales en sus redes sociales, si necesitan alguno en particular sobre ésta u otra distribución de GNU/Linux, no duden en pedirlo!

  Abrazo de gol.

Instalación de Slackware 14.2 full Tan SIMPLE como ésto, mostrar un video tutorial, mostrar paso a paso una instalación full de…

[ianasennus]

[Packt] Linux Shell Scripting: A Project-Based Approach to Learning [Video]

Learn how to shell script through project-based training (Bash Scripting, Bash Programming, Grep, Awk, and more) Have you tried to learn shell scripting on your own, but lack the structure you need to really improve your skills? Are you tired of picking up bits and pieces of information that you can’t just seem to put together? Do you learn best by doing? If so, you’re going to love this course. One of the biggest complaints I hear from students is that most of the courses they’ve taken in the past simply provide information without any context and without any idea of how to put that information to use! This course turns that old, frustrating, and outdated way of learning on its head. It’s project-based, which means that, instead of learning bits and pieces of information, you’ll write actual shell scripts that you can use in real-world situations. You get the chance to immediately put what you learn to use so that you fully understand and remember it. If you’re ready to level-up your shell scripting skills, enroll now! Style and Approach This course is project-based, which means that, instead of learning bits and pieces of information, you’ll write actual shell scripts that you can use in real-world situations. What You Will Learn Name your shell scripts Use the proper permissions on your shell scripts. Create and use variables in your scripts. Use shell built-in commands and operating system commands. Make the most of special variables that are available to you in your scripts. Make decisions by using if statements and performing several different kinds of tests Check the exit statuses of commands (and why you need to) Use cryptographic hash functions Create random data so you can do things such as automatically generating strong passwords for user accounts. Perform the same action or set of actions over a series of data, utilizing for loops, while loops, and infinite loops. Control all types of input and output. Accept standard input from a user as well as from another program. Redirect standard output and standard errors. Combine standard output and standard errors Use command pipelining, perform text and string manipulation, and process command-line arguments Creating functions and when to do so. Parsing, analyzing, and reporting on log files, CSV files, and other data. Writing scripts that execute commands on other systems. Authors Jason Cannon Linux Training Academy was founded by Jason Cannon. This academy provides training and resources on Linux starting at the most basic and beginner level to ninja level of skills at command line. It shares articles, tutorials, how-to’s, exercises, and pro-tips on their blog with students who are struggling with a particular problem. They not only teach you how Linux works, but also demonstrate how to put that knowledge to good use. Jason Cannon is a professional system administrator, consultant, and author. He started his career as a Unix and Linux System Engineer in 1999. Since that time he has utilized his Linux skills at companies such as Xerox, UPS, Hewlett-Packard, and Amazon.com. Additionally, he has acted as a technical consultant and independent contractor for small businesses and Fortune 500 companies. Jason has professional experience with CentOS, RedHat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, and Ubuntu. He has used several Linux distributions on personal projects including Debian, Slackware, CrunchBang, and others. In addition to Linux, Jason has experience supporting proprietary Unix operating systems including AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris. He enjoys teaching others how to use and exploit the power of the Linux operating system. He is also the author of the Linux for Beginners and Command Line Kung Fu books. source https://ttorial.com/linux-shell-scripting-project-based-approach-learning-video

source https://ttorialcom.tumblr.com/post/179897638068

[ttorialcom]

[Packt] Linux Shell Scripting: A Project-Based Approach to Learning [Video]

Learn how to shell script through project-based training (Bash Scripting, Bash Programming, Grep, Awk, and more) Have you tried to learn shell scripting on your own, but lack the structure you need to really improve your skills? Are you tired of picking up bits and pieces of information that you can't just seem to put together? Do you learn best by doing? If so, you're going to love this course. One of the biggest complaints I hear from students is that most of the courses they've taken in the past simply provide information without any context and without any idea of how to put that information to use! This course turns that old, frustrating, and outdated way of learning on its head. It's project-based, which means that, instead of learning bits and pieces of information, you'll write actual shell scripts that you can use in real-world situations. You get the chance to immediately put what you learn to use so that you fully understand and remember it. If you're ready to level-up your shell scripting skills, enroll now! Style and Approach This course is project-based, which means that, instead of learning bits and pieces of information, you'll write actual shell scripts that you can use in real-world situations. What You Will Learn Name your shell scripts Use the proper permissions on your shell scripts. Create and use variables in your scripts. Use shell built-in commands and operating system commands. Make the most of special variables that are available to you in your scripts. Make decisions by using if statements and performing several different kinds of tests Check the exit statuses of commands (and why you need to) Use cryptographic hash functions Create random data so you can do things such as automatically generating strong passwords for user accounts. Perform the same action or set of actions over a series of data, utilizing for loops, while loops, and infinite loops. Control all types of input and output. Accept standard input from a user as well as from another program. Redirect standard output and standard errors. Combine standard output and standard errors Use command pipelining, perform text and string manipulation, and process command-line arguments Creating functions and when to do so. Parsing, analyzing, and reporting on log files, CSV files, and other data. Writing scripts that execute commands on other systems. Authors Jason Cannon Linux Training Academy was founded by Jason Cannon. This academy provides training and resources on Linux starting at the most basic and beginner level to ninja level of skills at command line. It shares articles, tutorials, how-to’s, exercises, and pro-tips on their blog with students who are struggling with a particular problem. They not only teach you how Linux works, but also demonstrate how to put that knowledge to good use. Jason Cannon is a professional system administrator, consultant, and author. He started his career as a Unix and Linux System Engineer in 1999. Since that time he has utilized his Linux skills at companies such as Xerox, UPS, Hewlett-Packard, and Amazon.com. Additionally, he has acted as a technical consultant and independent contractor for small businesses and Fortune 500 companies. Jason has professional experience with CentOS, RedHat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, and Ubuntu. He has used several Linux distributions on personal projects including Debian, Slackware, CrunchBang, and others. In addition to Linux, Jason has experience supporting proprietary Unix operating systems including AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris. He enjoys teaching others how to use and exploit the power of the Linux operating system. He is also the author of the Linux for Beginners and Command Line Kung Fu books. source https://ttorial.com/linux-shell-scripting-project-based-approach-learning-video

[linuxlife]

Linux Life Episode 38

Well hello folks and welcome back to the world of Linux Life.  Not much happening regarding machines this episode as I have been exceptionally busy but there is a few topics regarding Linux which has been pretty prominent lately I would like to discuss.  This is probably going to be a long episode... you have been warned.

Topic 1 - Why is Linux not seen as a major desktop system.

This is an interesting discussion as given that Linux costs the huge price of absolutely nothing.  How come now that its about 15 years old is it not dominating Windows as the desktop OS environment.  Majority of the software is free and it should have a much larger reach than it currently has.

Thing is it is still seen as an operating system for geeks.  Linux installation is much easier than it ever was.  I’m a guy who started with Slackware and can remember having to do everything from text prompts.  Now everything is graphical and straightforward.  It will even set up to dual boot if the right options are selected or at least show you how to do so via a tutorial.

So what is real problem if not installation.  Application support is primarily seen by many as there is no Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, Premiere Pro and After Effects, No FL Studio or Cubase products.

Now all of these can be run by Wine in Linux but they can only run the 32 bit versions of said software although 64 bit support is improving. Wine is constantly improving so more software running is becoming much easier.

However there is alternatives to said programs such as LibreOffice, GIMP, Kdenlive and Davinci Resolve. For music your have Ardour and Rosegarden.  Now I understand it would require major relearning of your workflow which will take time and effort which you may not be able to afford.

Linux has Firefox, Chrome, Opera and all the usual browsers so Internet is not a problem.  Also most wifi cards now have a driver automatically recognised.  A small number of cards don’t but compared to the early years it’s vastly improved.  It recognised about five wifi cards if you were lucky.

Linux also had many mail applications such as Thunderbird, Twitter support with Corebird and much more. So this is no longer a problem.

Now Gaming was always a stumbling point for Linux.  However Steam has been available for Linux for a number of years now and several games have a Linux version.  Recently Valve have started working with CodeWeavers the people behind the Wine project to create the Proton project.

This allows Steam to play Windows games in your Steam library using a modified Wine installation wrapper.  It runs quite a lot of games but currently is still in beta.  In time more and more games will work as the Proton driver is improved.  Also as Valve are working with the Wine guys it will also help it run various applications as the code will be available to it.

Linux is far more customizable than Windows.  Don’t like the look or setup.  You can normally move stuff or if you want replace the Windows Manager with one more to your preference.  While changing WM is not easy it can be done.  However theming and desktop modification is normally reasonably simple.

Also don’t need certain drivers then you can remove most of them bar the essentials.

The thing is with Linux is for all it’s getting much better, it’s still a bit technical when it goes wrong.  Reinstalling software doesn’t always fix things like it does in Windows.

A lot of things still require terminal commands.  However distributions like Arch or any other rolling release tend to do most things in GUIs and only occasionally do you need a terminal.

Until they find a true way to minimise this and make fixing issues much easier it will remain a fringe operating system.  Mind you how many people go hunting with RegEdit on Windows so it can be a pain equally at times.

Linux has the advantage of malware and viruses are virtually none existent due to rights management and if any bugs are found they are normally fixed pretty quickly.

So maybe in three to five years Linux may be where it should be then it may start to dominate.  We may even have Mir by then but I wouldn’t put money on it.  Funny thing is because it’s free a lot of people distrust it which is odd.  They figure if you are giving it away for free it must have something wrong with it.

Topic 2 - Microsoft is now getting involved with Linux.  What?

Well its pretty well documented that Microsoft now have their own Linux based Azure Sphere OS.  However to program anything for Azure Sphere you need a Windows installation and Visual Studio to do so.  Which is kind of counterproductive if you ask me.

Also they have a seat on the board of The Linux Foundation meaning they get a vote in the way that Linux progresses.  They have open sourced various patents to the OIN (Open Invention Network) but the only people who gain advantage with this are existing OIN members.

It’s easy to see why many don’t trust Microsoft being involved.  Many ditched Windows to be away from their incessant spying and fiddling.  Also they have not had the best things to say about Linux.  Admittedly this was primarily when Steve Ballmer was the CEO of the company and now that Satya Nadella has taken the reins it has changed it’s stance.

“Linux is a cancer” - Steve Ballmer (1 June 2001)

Ballmer admitted in 2016 he hated it then but he now loves Linux but he had been left Microsoft for 2 years by then.

Most Linux people who have been around for a bit also remember that Microsoft sued several Linux Distro providers due to patent usage so when they announced they liked Linux and would even defend it if necessary.  Many Linux users were sceptical.

Also their recent acquisition of GitHub has raised concerns as many of the Linux Open Source projects are based on there and with Microsoft in charge what sort of issues will this present.

While understandably sceptical about Microsoft being involved with Linux.  They will probably fund many things to improve the way things are done in Linux especially useful regarding things like drivers.  As they can throw millions at it and not bat an eyelid.

However it’s equally dangerous because this goes back to a Microsoft philosophy that makes many nervous.  The philosophy is Embrace, Enhance and Extinguish.  This is where they introduce themselves to a system.  Add and convert many programs to standards written by Microsoft, then extinguish by leaving such programs without update making users move to something else.

While it will be virtually impossible to extinguish Linux.  The fact that Azure Sphere can only have programs written using Visual Studio.  Microsoft are already starting on the what it calls the Enhance stage.

They think that Visual Studio has enhanced the way to write Linux software.  Many I am sure would disagree vehemently.  If enough Windows guys take it up then there could be trouble on the horizon.

Several people think Linux is already getting a bit bloated without Microsoft attempting to fill up your hard drive.

There is even a version of the Linux Subsystem for Windows available for Windows 10 should you feel you want it.  This allows you to run Linux binaries under Windows 10 using a wrapper to put them on your desktop instead of using a VM.

It’s a double edged sword as I see it.  They could help get drivers and support for applications due to funding the Linux Foundation but equally they could totally start clogging up the Linux system with proprietary software.

What do you think?

Topic 3 - Video Editing on Linux?

Recently a Youtuber by the name of EposVox (Adam Taylor) had a bit of a meltdown regarding trying to switch from Windows to Linux regarding video editing on his channel.

Now he was trying to use Davinci Resolve 15 as his primary video editor and I believe he was using Kubuntu to begin with.  Now EposVox has featured many videos on his channel regarding Linux and  certain aspects of it.

He was certainly no beginner.  However he found first he could not access his video footage from external drives as they were ExFAT.  Now Kubuntu does not supply them by default.  However you can install them using apt-get.

Then when he did files to Linux using USB, he discovered Davinci Resolve 15 Free Edition did not have the codecs to read the videos as they were in 4K H.264 format. So he had to install Davinci Resolve 15 Studio but to do so he had to transfer one of the keys from one of his Windows machines.

Now the program could read his videos but would regularly crash for no apparent reason due to video driver issues.  In frustration he eventually gave up.

He also tried it under Linux Mint 19 which did include the ExFAT drivers but once again Davinci Resolve 15 Studio would just crash randomly due to video driver issues.

This caused him to post his video rant.  Now many tried to defend Linux saying he didn’t know what he was doing.  This I find hard to believe.  He had championed Linux for a while so he was far from incompetent.

However it does seem when it comes to using 4K video under normal Linux conditions, problems do tend to occur.  This is because they have not really got true codec support from the manufacturers.

A lot of the drivers have probably been written by enthusiasts who just wanted to see if it could be done so they probably are not the best drivers available.

Since camera manufacturers such as RED and other makers of 4K or higher cameras work almost exclusively with Microsoft or Apple.  Linux is left out in the cold as it’s not paying them millions of dollars for drivers.

Most Linux content creators are running under 4K, normally 1080p is the limit.  Now I know the BBC use Linux for their editing but it has probably been specifically built for them and if they want the drivers they can afford to pay for them.

Until Linux gets competent 4K video codec support a lot of profession video editors will probably stick with the likes of Adobe Premiere Pro or Final Cut Pro X.

Kdenlive has improved vastly over the years also there is OpenShot and Lightworks but they all seem to be under optimised or missing features video editors want.

It’s not that Linux is bad at video editing.  Once again I think it is something that they will get in time but for now anyone using 4K camera footage will have not the greatest of time working in the Linux environment.

I could be wrong about 4K video being awkward under Linux but that seems to be the opinion out there currently.

I have had issues running Davinci Resolve in the past so I can understand it can be frustrating.  It is very finicky with it’s setup and is far from stable under Linux.  Works fine under Windows however.

Topic 4 - New Mac ? No Linux for you then...

Well it seems Apple have finally found a way to lock out Linux from  the new 2018 range of Apple Macs.  Due to the implementation of the current T2 security chip it has locked out Linux.

The current T2 chip has also caused issues regarding upgrading.  If you upgrade a new Mac yourself and don’t get an Apple registered service member to do it.  The likelihood is MacOS Mojave will not start.

The reason being that Apple have supplied software to their Apple registered engineers that allows them to reset the T2 security chip so it will start MacOS.  Without this you will just get a black screen if you do it yourself.

Well this same T2 security chip is now locking out Linux so it can’t boot.  Previously Linux got around Mac boot issues by using the Windows Production CA 2011 certificate.

Apparently New Macs block Windows 10 too until you enable it in the Boot Camp settings.  However Linux does not have that luxury.

So is this the end of Linux on new Mac machines or do you think Apple will give them access.  I can only imagine this would happen if Apple were paid a considerable amount of money.

If those who hack it decide to put their findings on the Internet so Linux can be booted.  Be prepared as Apple are notoriously famous for sending legal teams after people.

I’m sure the likes of Canonical, Red Hat and SUSE will eventually cough up some money but other smaller distributions may not be able to afford such.

Sad really and eventually they will find a way around it probably just bypassing the T2 security chip all together and making it think it sees a T2 chip that will let it past.

Anyway that’s enough waffle for this episode.  Hopefully next time I will have more to report on what I have actually been doing with Linux not just general news opinion.

Until next time... Take Care.

[padminiposts]

Linux online training || Linux online course - iteducationalexperts.com

Linux Online Training || Linux Online CourseABOUT LINUX

This article is mainly written for the people who are not familiar with the Linux operating system. I hope this article will help to understand the history behind the UNIX/LINUX Operating system. Before getting into the topic, we will see some important points of the Linux system:

Most of the computers are using Linux as an operating system as it is a Command line interface.

LINUX is very popular and stable because computers running LINUX almost never crash.

LINUX can smoothly manage a large amount of data as it is very efficient.

LINUX administration is a server-based technology. Linux was developed by Linux Torvalds in 1991. It is an open source operating system or kernel similar to Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 8. Linux operating system is used everywhere from smartphones to cars, supercomputers, laptops, desktop and home appliances. We can view and edit the code of the Linux as it is free unlike UNIX and available to the public.

What are the benefits of Linux Operating system?

As Linux is an open source operating system, it can modify by anyone who has a little bit knowledge of programming.

After installing the Linux kernel, there is no use of antivirus because it is a highly secure system. Also, there is a global development community tries many ways to improve its security and unfortunately, it is becoming more e secure and robust for each upgrade.

Due to its reliability and stability, many companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon are using Linux as their servers.

Who are eligible for Linux training course?

There are no requirements for learning Linux course. Anyone who has a passion to work as an administrator or web developer can learn this course. Also, Graduates from Engineering, BSc, BCA, and MCA can go through it. This is apart as necessary to imply learners to possess a high intensity in identifying and turn they career by themselves more.

Any Graduates

Software Engineers and administrators.

Linux developers and Linux administrators.

IT professionals

Certification:

ITeducationalexperts course completion certificate is awarded on the completion of the real-time project. We provide practical examples and assignments in a training course with real time experts. We make you best in your Linux professional career with IT organizations in Linux and UNIX tutorial and commands. At the time of preparation, you will like to allow in specified Linux trades which are required for creating a tremendous lead in Linux.

Training Summary

Linux online training with ITEducationalexperts is planned for beginners with step by step process in all required to make best in their Linux professional career with IT organizations by Linux and UNIX tutorial and commands. These plans are solidly for IT traditional in a perfect way on Linux. At the time of preparation, you will like to allow in specified Linux trades which are required for creating a tremendous lead in Linux

History of Linux operating system:

The UNIX story starts at AT & T Bell laboratory in 1969. Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie ported a game, known as “Space travel” in Multics project. Thompson wrote a simple file system for porting a game. In 1973, The UNIX was rewritten in C by Thompson and Ritchie. In 1979, portable version of UNIX (Version 7) was released for general use.

In 1991, Linux Torvalds who is a student of Helsinki University developed a UNIX system called Linux, to run on the Intel microprocessor. The Linux distributions, developed from 1993 are based on Torvalds kernel. Different versions of Linux distributions include Red Hat, Slackware, Caldera, Debian, Mandrake and so on.

The Linux can be downloaded at free of charge. Today, Linux has become the fastest growing part of the UNIX operating system.

OPERATING SYSTEM OF A LINUX:

As we all know that the operating system is an interface between a user and computer hardware. The operating system is a collection of software which manages computer hardware and provides services for the programs.

Linux is a layered operating system. The services provided to the operating system in Linux are the innermost layer called hardware.

The “Kernel” which is the operating system in Linux interacts directly with the hardware and provides services to all the user programs. For the user programs, it is enough to know how to interact with the kernel and no need to know anything about the hardware.

Multi-user Multi-tasking system:

         Linux is a multi-user Multitasking operating system, which means many users can log in with each running multi programs at a time. The kernel will keep each process and user separately and manages the hardware of the system along with CPU, I/O devices.

As we know that the source code of the Linux is freely available, means anyone can add features and corrects the deficiencies of a Linux source code. Therefore, Linux is known as a free open-source operating system.

The Architecture of Linux Operating system:

The main important components of the Linux operating system are:

Kernel:

The kernel is the core part of the Linux operating system, as it manages the hardware devices of a PC and keeps track of the disks, printers, tapes and many other devices. The latest versions of the kernel can be downloaded from http://www.kernel.org.

Shell:

The Shell is an interface between user and kernel, known as Command Interpreter. Even though it is only a utility program, and is not a proper part of the system, it is a part which user sees.  The shell translates our requests into actions by listening to the terminal on the part of a kernel.

The shell is divided into two forms – Command line shells and Graphical shells. The command line shell provides Command line interfaces and a Graphical line shell provides Graphical user interfaces. The Graphical shell performs operations slower than the Command line shells.

Hardware:

The hardware layer of the Linux operating system includes peripheral devices like RAM, CPU and so on.

It is easy to remember the architecture of the Linux system as a series of concentric circles. The innermost layer is the hardware and kernel including with the next layer as a shell and the outermost layer is the Application programs and utilities.

Features of the Linux Operating system:

Portable and Open source:

The Linux kernel supports all types of hardware installations and can work with different types of hardware. The source code of the Linux is also available free.

Multi-user multiprogramming:

As already said, the Linux operating system is a multi-user and multiprogramming system.

Security:

The Linux operating system provides security systems for the users by using authentication features such as password protection, encryption of data, controlling access to particular files and so on.

Hierarchical File system:

The Linux operating system provides a standard structure of the file where system or user files are arranged.

Advantages of Linux operating system:

Low cost: There is no need to spend more time and money for the license of Linux as it is available for free and software has GNU (General Public License).

Stability: There is no need of rebooting the system periodically to maintain the performance.

Performance: Linux can easily handle the bulk number of users simultaneously.

Flexibility: It is easy to save the disk space by installing only selected and wanted components.

Compatibility: Linux can run all UNIX software packages.

Applications of Linux operating system:

Due to its reliability and stability, many companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon and so on are using Linux as their servers. Some of the major application programs that use Linux are:

Abiword

Firefox

Apache

Gnumeric

GQview

Gedit

PHP

Python

My SQL

Open office

Rosegarden

Some of the electronic devices which are using Linux are:

Dell Inspiron Mini 9 and 12

HP Mini 1000

Google Android

Sony Reader

Lenovo Ipad

TiVo Digital video recorder.

[linuxforallsite]

  Bueno gente vengo a dejar éste mini how to para los que recién se inician en él mundo de los amigos de The Slackware Linux Project para que sepan como instalar un paquete desde el código fuente, transformarlo en un .tgz y recién instalarlo correctamente como un paquete de “sistema”. Cómo haremos ésto? con pocos pasos desde nuestra terminal favorita.

Teniendo en cuenta que hicieron una instalación full de Slackware (como la que dejo aquí por las dudas necesiten o quieran ver como es el proceso). Para los más experimentados si necesitaría si quieren que dejen sus comentarios con sus experiencias o métodos.

Sin más que decir, vamos a ver como es el proceso que es cortito y bastante sencillo.

Instalación:

1 – Vamos a descargar primero desde aquí lo necesario:

1.a – Una vez descargado el source (v3.6.5.tar.gz) y el paquete a compilar (screenfetch.tar.gz). Yo lo haré desde la TTY y usaremos wget para la descarga de la siguiente manera:

2 – Veremos que una vez descargados los archivos pasamos a descomprimir el archivo screenfetch.tar.gz con el comando (como root):

# tar xvfz screenfetch.tar.gz

2.a – Ahora copiamos ambos archivos (v3.6.5.tar.gz y screenfetch.tar.gz) en el directorio que se creó cuando descomprimimos usando el comando “cp” así:

# cp screenfetch.tar.gz v3.6.5.tar.gz screenfetch/

2.b – Ahora ingresamos en el directorio con el comando:

# cd screenfetch (damos enter)

y vemos que están los siguientes archvos con el comando “ls”:

# ls

3 – Ahora lo que haremos será comenzar a crear el paquete para que sea instalable con installpkg de la siguiente manera:

# ./screenfetch.SlackBuild

4 – Una vez terminado el proceso se crea el paquete .tgz en la siguiente ruta: /tmp/screenfetch-3.6.5-noarch-2_SBo.tgz entonces lo que nos resta es instalarlo así:

# installpkg /tmp/screenfetch-3.6.5-noarch-2_SBo.tgz

5 – Listo! Ahora revisamos que quede funcionado correctamente ejecutando screenfetch así:

# screenfetch

6 – Espero que les haya servido, recuerden por favor compartir en sus redes sociales y darles like. También pueden solicitar how-to, tutoriales o guías sobre algo en especial sobre Slackware también.

NOTA: Les dejo un video tutorial también por las dudas necesiten ver exactamente el proceso que es muy corto y sencillo. Ésto serviría en el caso que necesiten instalar aplicaciones que no tienen demasiadas dependencias.

  Abrazo de gol!

Instalar Screenfetch en Slackware 14.2 Bueno gente vengo a dejar éste mini how to para los que recién se inician en él mundo de los amigos de…

[ianasennus]

[Packt] Linux Logical Volume Manager (LVM) [Video]

Learn the most important LVM concepts and Linux LVM commands with this succinct course on Logical Volume Manager In this course on Linux Logical Volume Manager you’ll learn: Exactly what LVM is and when to use it. How LVM creates layers of abstraction between storage devices and file systems and how to use that to your maximum benefit. The details of how to create and manage physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes. How easy it is to extend file systems while keeping existing data online and completely accessible during the entire process. How to create mirrored logical volumes to protect your data against single points of failure. How to migrate data from one storage device to another, without any downtime whatsoever. This course is perfect for anyone who wants to quickly get up-to-speed on the Linux Logical Volume Manager.  Also, this course applies to any Linux distribution as the Linux LVM commands are the same on all Linux distros—specifically: Ubuntu Red Hat Enterprise Linux / RHEL CentOS Debian SUSE And all others. Style and Approach This course will teach you to master the Linux Logical Volume Manager in depth, with practical examples. What You Will Learn Manage Logical Volumes using LVM on Linux systems and servers. Authors Jason Cannon Linux Training Academy was founded by Jason Cannon. This academy provides training and resources on Linux starting at the most basic and beginner level to ninja level of skills at command line. It shares articles, tutorials, how-to’s, exercises, and pro-tips on their blog with students who are struggling with a particular problem. They not only teach you how Linux works, but also demonstrate how to put that knowledge to good use. Jason Cannon is a professional system administrator, consultant, and author. He started his career as a Unix and Linux System Engineer in 1999. Since that time he has utilized his Linux skills at companies such as Xerox, UPS, Hewlett-Packard, and Amazon.com. Additionally, he has acted as a technical consultant and independent contractor for small businesses and Fortune 500 companies. Jason has professional experience with CentOS, RedHat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, and Ubuntu. He has used several Linux distributions on personal projects including Debian, Slackware, CrunchBang, and others. In addition to Linux, Jason has experience supporting proprietary Unix operating systems including AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris. He enjoys teaching others how to use and exploit the power of the Linux operating system. He is also the author of the Linux for Beginners and Command Line Kung Fu books. source https://ttorial.com/linux-logical-volume-manager-lvm-video

source https://ttorialcom.tumblr.com/post/179020083383

[ttorialcom]

[Packt] Linux Logical Volume Manager (LVM) [Video]

Learn the most important LVM concepts and Linux LVM commands with this succinct course on Logical Volume Manager In this course on Linux Logical Volume Manager you'll learn: Exactly what LVM is and when to use it. How LVM creates layers of abstraction between storage devices and file systems and how to use that to your maximum benefit. The details of how to create and manage physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes. How easy it is to extend file systems while keeping existing data online and completely accessible during the entire process. How to create mirrored logical volumes to protect your data against single points of failure. How to migrate data from one storage device to another, without any downtime whatsoever. This course is perfect for anyone who wants to quickly get up-to-speed on the Linux Logical Volume Manager.  Also, this course applies to any Linux distribution as the Linux LVM commands are the same on all Linux distros—specifically: Ubuntu Red Hat Enterprise Linux / RHEL CentOS Debian SUSE And all others. Style and Approach This course will teach you to master the Linux Logical Volume Manager in depth, with practical examples. What You Will Learn Manage Logical Volumes using LVM on Linux systems and servers. Authors Jason Cannon Linux Training Academy was founded by Jason Cannon. This academy provides training and resources on Linux starting at the most basic and beginner level to ninja level of skills at command line. It shares articles, tutorials, how-to’s, exercises, and pro-tips on their blog with students who are struggling with a particular problem. They not only teach you how Linux works, but also demonstrate how to put that knowledge to good use. Jason Cannon is a professional system administrator, consultant, and author. He started his career as a Unix and Linux System Engineer in 1999. Since that time he has utilized his Linux skills at companies such as Xerox, UPS, Hewlett-Packard, and Amazon.com. Additionally, he has acted as a technical consultant and independent contractor for small businesses and Fortune 500 companies. Jason has professional experience with CentOS, RedHat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, and Ubuntu. He has used several Linux distributions on personal projects including Debian, Slackware, CrunchBang, and others. In addition to Linux, Jason has experience supporting proprietary Unix operating systems including AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris. He enjoys teaching others how to use and exploit the power of the Linux operating system. He is also the author of the Linux for Beginners and Command Line Kung Fu books. source https://ttorial.com/linux-logical-volume-manager-lvm-video

[ianasennus]

[Packt] Linux Security and Hardening, The Practical Security Guide [Video]

Secure any Linux server from hackers and protect it against hacking. The practical Linux Administration security guide Keep yourself and your company out of the news by protecting your Linux systems from hackers, crackers, and attackers! This course will not only teach you the security concepts and guidelines that will keep your Linux servers safe, it will walk you through hardening measures step-by-step. By the end of this course, you will be able to tighten up the security on any Linux system. You’ll learn the security weaknesses of the Linux operating system and will be given step-by-step instructions on how to protect those weaknesses. You’ll even learn some security concepts that apply to information security as a whole while focusing on Linux-specific issues that require special consideration. What you learn in this course applies to any Linux environment or distribution including Ubuntu, Debian, Linux Mint, RedHat, CentOS, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Slackware, Kali Linux, and more. Style and Approach In this course we not only teach you the security concepts and guidelines that will keep your Linux servers safe, but we also will walk you through hardening measures step-by-step. What You Will Learn How to protect your Linux systems against hackers. Ways to prevent attackers from breaking into your systems, even when they have physical access to your machine. How to enforce strong password policies and control password as well as account aging policies on your Linux servers. SSH Hardening practices. Network security tactics. Port scanning and network service detection. How the Linux firewall works and exactly how to configure it. How to protect the superuser (root) account. Ways to share accounts securely with an audit trail. File system security and encryption. Using and configuring sudo, and why you need to. Advanced Linux permissions, including special modes, file attributes, and access control lists (ACLs). Authors Jason Cannon Linux Training Academy was founded by Jason Cannon. This academy provides training and resources on Linux starting at the most basic and beginner level to ninja level of skills at command line. It shares articles, tutorials, how-to’s, exercises, and pro-tips on their blog with students who are struggling with a particular problem. They not only teach you how Linux works, but also demonstrate how to put that knowledge to good use. Jason Cannon is a professional system administrator, consultant, and author. He started his career as a Unix and Linux System Engineer in 1999. Since that time he has utilized his Linux skills at companies such as Xerox, UPS, Hewlett-Packard, and Amazon.com. Additionally, he has acted as a technical consultant and independent contractor for small businesses and Fortune 500 companies. Jason has professional experience with CentOS, RedHat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, and Ubuntu. He has used several Linux distributions on personal projects including Debian, Slackware, CrunchBang, and others. In addition to Linux, Jason has experience supporting proprietary Unix operating systems including AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris. He enjoys teaching others how to use and exploit the power of the Linux operating system. He is also the author of the Linux for Beginners and Command Line Kung Fu books. source https://ttorial.com/linux-security-hardening-practical-security-guide-video

source https://ttorialcom.tumblr.com/post/178975822903

[linuxforallsite]

Instalar dnscrypt-proxy + dnsmasq en Debian 9

Instalar dnscrypt-proxy + dnsmasq en Debian 9

Bueno, volvemos con parte de lo mismo mostrado anteriormente, PERO con la condicional de que realmente para instalar éstos paquetes realmente cambiar en diferentes distribuciones como Slackware, Archlinux, Void, etc. Entonces dejo un video tutorial y también ésta entrada para que vean como se configura y se evitan perder tiempo y un dolor de cabeza en todo caso que no deseen investigar mucho.

Co…

[linuxforallsite]

Bueno, ya que tengo instalado dnscrypt-proxy + dnsmasq en diferentes distribuciones (Debian, Ubuntu, Slackware, etc), porqué no aplicar éstos órdenes en Void también? Al comienzo creí que se iba a complicar, pero luego de comprender el funcionamiento básico del init (runit), fué muy sencillo, asi que les dejo a continuación los pasos que corresponden junto con un video también.

Comencemos!

1 – Instalamos los paquetes necesarios, ósea dnscrypt-proxy, dnsmasq y bind-utils (éste último para usar la órden “dig“):

# xbps-install -S dnscrypt-proxy dnsmasq bind-utils

2 – Editamos el archivo resolv.conf y debe quedar así:

nameserver 127.0.0.1

NOTA: Si quieren pueden hacer un backup del archivo original así:

# cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak

3 – 3 – Ahora lo protegeremos contra escritura, ya que cada vez que iniciamos el servicio dhcpcd/NetworkManager o el que usemos, éste escribe nuevamente en /etc/resolv.conf, entonces escribimos ésto:

# chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf

4 – Ahora colocaremos un proxy en la línea 16: ResolverName random:

Por ejemplo eliminamos random y colocamos un dns que podemos visualizar en: /usr/share/dnscrypt-proxy/dnscrypt-resolvers.csv.

También modificaremos el puerto por default (el 53) colocando por ejemplo el 40 que es el que uso actualmente de ésta manera:

– Buscamos la línea 69: LocalAddress: 127.0.0.1:53 y modificamos el 53 por el 40.

Guardamos y cerramos.

5 – Ahora editaremos el archivo /etc/dnsmasq.conf y descomentamos (eliminamos el “#”) las siguientes líneas y colocaremos éstos valores:

línea 58: no-resolv línea 66: server=127.0.0.1#40 línea 111: listen-address=127.0.0.1

Guardamos y cerramos también.

6 – Crearemos los enlaces simbólicos de dnscrypt-proxy server y de dnsmasq así:

# ln -s /etc/sv/dnscrypt-proxy /var/service/ # ln -s /etc/sv/dnsmasq /var/service/

– Por las dudas miramos que se hayan iniciado los servicios como se ve en la foto:

– Ahora hacemos un ping para comprobar que tenemos conexión:

# ping -c3 google.com

7 – Y por último vamos a comprobar que dnscrypt-proxy + dnsmasq cumplan su función, asi que usaremos la orden dig de la siguiente manera:

# dig linuxforallsite.wordpress.com | grep “Query time”

Y nos arroja por ejemplo: Query time: 313 msec

Ahora si volvemos a escribir la misma línea veremos: Query time: 0 msec

Bueno espero que les haya servido, ahora les dejo a continuación un video tutorial también.

¿Qué usamos? Distribución: Void. Editor de Texdto: nano.

Abrazo de gol!

Instalar dnscrypt-proxy + dnsmasq en Void Linux Bueno, ya que tengo instalado dnscrypt-proxy + dnsmasq en diferentes distribuciones (Debian, Ubuntu, Slackware, etc), porqué no aplicar éstos órdenes en…

[linuxforallsite]

¿Qué es MariaDB?

MariaDB es un sistema de gestión de bases de datos derivado de MySQL con licencia GPL. Está desarrollado por Michael (Monty) Widenius (fundador de MySQL) y la comunidad de desarrolladores de software libre. Wikipedia.

Comenzamos con la tercera parte de la instalación de LAMP básica para tener un servidor standard funcional.

Comencemos!

– Primero que nada descargamos mariadb así:

# slackpkg install mariadb

– Terminada la instalación vamos a darle permisos de ejecución al archivo que se crea en el rc.d de ésta manera:

#chmod 0755 /etc/rc.d/rc.mysqld

  – Ahora instalamos la base de datos:

# mysql_install_db

– Iniciamos el servicio:

# /etc/rc.d/rc.mysqld start

– Realizamos la instalación de la manera “segura” que es la que recomiendo para comenzar:

# mysql_secure_installation

Seguimos las instrucciones y listo! – Podemos decir que ya tenemos nuestro servidor LAMP instalado en nuestra distro funcional y configurado de manera sencilla.

Ahora tenemos varias maneras de configurarlo para optimizar nuestro server, tips de seguridad, configuraciones más avanzadas.

En la cuarta y última parte de éste mini how-to dejaré algunos tips para realizar ésto y mejorar un poco la seguridad y optimizar nuestra configuración en nuestro servidor local. Como siempre dejo el video tutorial también:

¿Qué usamos? Distribución: Slackware. Versión: 14.2. Entorno: Ninguno, sólo TTY. Editor: nano.

Parte I: Apache – Parte II: Apache y PHP Abrazo de gol!

Instalar LAMP en Slackware 14.2 – Parte III: MySQL (MariaDB) ¿Qué es MariaDB? MariaDB es un sistema de gestión de bases de datos derivado de MySQL…

[linuxforallsite]

Bueno continuando con la configuración de nuestro servidor LAMP en Slackware 14.2, ahora vamos a pasar a explicar como configurar PHP con Apache para evitar conflictos y tener una correcta configuración.

Aclaro nuevamente éstas configuraciones que se ven en el tutorial son seteos “básicos“, en el caso que necesiten algo más personalizado en la parte IV dejaré algunos tips sobré ésto.

Comencemos la segunda parte! Instalación de PHP:

# slackpkg install php

Configuración de PHP:

– Para lograr que Apache funcione correctamente junto a PHP debemos ingresar nuevamente a nuestro archivo /etc/httpd/httpd.conf y editar las siguientes líneas:

<IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html <:/IfModule>

A ése módulo le agregamos index.php quedando así:

<IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.php index.html <:/IfModule>

– Luego agregamos en el apartado de AddType lo siguiente:

AddType application/xhttp-php .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .phtml

– Al final prácticamente eliminamos el “#” de la línea Include /etc/httpd/mod_php.conf quedando así:

– Ahora guardamos y salimos. – Cómo no se generó el archivo mod_php.conf, entonces lo que haremos será crearlo y agregamos éstas líneas:

# cat > mod_php.conf

LoadModule php5_module lib/httpd/modules/libphp5.so

<FilesMatch \.php$> SetHandler application/x-httpd-php </FilesMatch>

Guardamos y salimos. – Para revisar que quede funcionando correctamente vamos a dirigirnos al directorio /var/www/htdocs y creamos un archivo con extención .php

# nano index.php

y agregamos éstas líneas:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Guardamos y salimos. – Y para finalizar vamos a reiniciar el servicio y chequeamos si carga la info de PHP con nuestro navegador.

# apachectl -k restart

# elinks http://localhost/index.php

– Listo!

Como siempre dejo el video tutorial también:

  ¿Qué usamos?

Distribución: Slackware.

Versión: 14.2.

Entorno: Ninguno, sólo TTY.

Editor: nano.

  Parte I: Apache. – Parte III: MySQL (MariaDB).

  Abrazo de gol!

Instalar LAMP en Slackware 14.2 – Parte II: Apache y PHP Bueno continuando con la configuración de nuestro servidor LAMP en Slackware 14.2, ahora vamos a pasar a explicar como configurar…

[linuxforallsite]

Buenas noches, ahora voy a explicar como actualizar nuestro sistema luego de instalar Slackware 14.2 (si quieren el tutorial pueden darse una vuelta aquí para ver como es el proceso de una instalación full).

Comencemos!

Bueno ya como root lo que haremos será desde la tty o si utilizan entorno gráfico abren una terminal y haremos lo siguiente:

1 – Vamos a editar los mirrors de dónde queremos actualizar nuestro sistema, en mi caso utilicé los de Brasil porque tienen buena velocidad y están cerca de Argentina.

NOTA: Ustedes deberían elegir los que estén más próximos a su país.

Escribimos lo siguiente en la tty:

# nano /etc/slackpkg/mirrors

Guardamos y salimos.

2 – Ahora vamos actualizaremos los repositorios con la siguiente orden:

# slackpkg update

3 – Una vez finalizado el proceso anterior vamos a proceder con la actualización de nuestro sistema. Dónde nos aparecerán los paquetes para ser actualizados.

3.a – Comenzado dicho proceso ésto demorará de acuerdo a la cantidad de paquetes que tengamos y de acuerdo a los que dejemos seleccionados para que se actualicen y se instalen.

4 – Finalizado ésto ya queda listo nuestro sistema al día con los paquetes estables y listos para reiniciar el sistema y comenzar a trabajar.

5 – Dejo a continuación un video tutorial por las dudas necesiten salir de las dudas con un video:

  ¿Que usamos?

Distribución: Slackware.

Entorno: Ninguno, sólo TTY.

Manejador de paquetes: slackpkg.

  Espero que les haya servido y recuerden recuerden compartir el how to en tus redes sociales para que siga creciendo y aportando más material.

Abrazo de gol.

Actualizar Sistema Slackware 14.2 Buenas noches, ahora voy a explicar como actualizar nuestro sistema luego de instalar Slackware 14.2 (si quieren el tutorial pueden darse una vuelta…