#Advanced R Programming Solutions

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 2, 2025

A geometrical solution underlies general neural principle for serial ordering. Di Antonio, G., Raglio, S., & Mattia, M. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 8238.

Beyond Neyman–Pearson: E-values enable hypothesis testing with a data-driven alpha. Grünwald, P. D. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(39), e2302098121.

Prefrontal and lateral entorhinal neurons co-dependently learn item–outcome rules. Jun, H., Lee, J. Y., Bleza, N. R., Ichii, A., Donohue, J. D., & Igarashi, K. M. (2024). Nature, 633(8031), 864–871.

Human brain state dynamics are highly reproducible and associated with neural and behavioral features. Lee, K., Ji, J. L., Fonteneau, C., Berkovitch, L., Rahmati, M., Pan, L., … Anticevic, A. (2024). PLOS Biology, 22(9), e3002808.

Distinct ventral hippocampal inhibitory microcircuits regulating anxiety and fear behaviors. Li, K., Koukoutselos, K., Sakaguchi, M., & Ciocchi, S. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 8228.

Characterizing the dynamics, reactivity and controllability of moods in depression with a Kalman filter. Malamud, J., Guloksuz, S., van Winkel, R., Delespaul, P., De Hert, M. A. F., Derom, C., … Huys, Q. J. M. (2024). PLOS Computational Biology, 20(9), e1012457.

The homogenous hippocampus: How hippocampal cells process available and potential goals. McNaughton, N., & Bannerman, D. (2024). Progress in Neurobiology, 240, 102653.

Decision uncertainty as a context for motor memory. Ogasa, K., Yokoi, A., Okazawa, G., Nishigaki, M., Hirashima, M., & Hagura, N. (2024). Nature Human Behaviour, 8(9), 1738–1751.

Maintenance and transformation of representational formats during working memory prioritization. Pacheco-Estefan, D., Fellner, M.-C., Kunz, L., Zhang, H., Reinacher, P., Roy, C., … Axmacher, N. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 8234.

Dense and Persistent Odor Representations in the Olfactory Bulb of Awake Mice. Pirhayati, D., Smith, C. L., Kroeger, R., Navlakha, S., Pfaffinger, P., Reimer, J., … Moss, E. H. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(39), e0116242024.

Contrastive learning explains the emergence and function of visual category-selective regions. Prince, J. S., Alvarez, G. A., & Konkle, T. (2024). Science Advances, 10(39).

Independent operations of appetitive and aversive conditioning systems lead to simultaneous production of conflicting memories in an insect. Rahman, S., Terao, K., Hashimoto, K., & Mizunami, M. (2024). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 291(2031).

Effects of visual diet on colour discrimination and preference. Skelton, A. E., Maule, J., Floyd, S., Wozniak, B., Majid, A., Bosten, J. M., & Franklin, A. (2024). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 291(2031).

Neural network architecture of a mammalian brain. Swanson, L. W., Hahn, J. D., & Sporns, O. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(39), e2413422121.

Saccadic “inhibition” unveils the late influence of image content on oculomotor programming. Taylor, R., Buonocore, A., & Fracasso, A. (2024). Experimental Brain Research, 242(10), 2281–2294.

Mental programming of spatial sequences in working memory in the macaque frontal cortex. Tian, Z., Chen, J., Zhang, C., Min, B., Xu, B., & Wang, L. (2024). Science, 385(6716).

Humans flexibly integrate social information despite interindividual differences in reward. Witt, A., Toyokawa, W., Lala, K. N., Gaissmaier, W., & Wu, C. M. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(39), e2404928121.

Different Sensory Information Is Used for State Estimation when Stationary or Moving. Wong, A. L., Eyssalenne, A. N., Carter, L., & Therrien, A. S. (2024). eNeuro, 11(9), ENEURO.0357-23.2024.

A shared model-based linguistic space for transmitting our thoughts from brain to brain in natural conversations. Zada, Z., Goldstein, A., Michelmann, S., Simony, E., Price, A., Hasenfratz, L., … Hasson, U. (2024). Neuron, 112(18), 3211-3222.e5.

Geometric Scaling Law in Real Neuronal Networks. Zhang, X.-Y., Moore, J. M., Ru, X., & Yan, G. (2024). Physical Review Letters, 133(13), 138401.

[absurdbootlegs]

Jidan Electronic Co., Ltd.

Type: Bootleg Tamagotchi company, bootleg digital game company Founded: 2004 [source] Logo:

About: Jidan is well known for its truly strange infrared tamagotchi clones, such as Honey Lover (which is apparently two tamagotchis that graphically mate using infrared). They claim to be compatible with actual Tamagotchis.

Jidan also makes low-quality Gameboy Advance clones.

Notably, much of the packaging is in Spanish. Official Company Description:

Jidan Electronic Toys built in 2004, and the main products include all kind of handheld game like brick, virtual pet, infrared pet, and icon game etc. Except these popular game, we have a professional development team to develop and design new toy&game accroding to client requirements.

In 2005, we set up own wholesale store in GuangZhou to show our items and serve clients directly and conveniently.

As company setup, we have developed the closest relationship with several factories who in charge of the whole assembly process. They are the foundtion of production. Another partner is the software design team responsible for the application and R&D of electronic system. With their cooperation, we can create and produce all the items required.

We are a group conbiming the strength of market analysis, product design, programming, and manufacture. And we will offer the most various and competitive items to satisfy the market demand.

We design and produce all kind of handheld game, and electronic toys. With our own engineer team, we can have different solution for your unique market segment, change music, graphics, even the operation process would be our competitive strength.

Tama Bootlegs by Jidan:

(Eventually all of these will get their own posts)

Terradura Tama [Source] Description:

New member of infrared tamagotchi family, more advanced, convenient and interesting!

1. Advanced operation: Touch screen, operating with the stick. Lock model touch pen

2. Interactive game: Connecting with other infrared tamagotchi to exchange gifts, make friends, and even marry.

3. Vivid breeding process: Growth, marry requirement when getting mature and then give birth to a baby.

Tamagotcha Familitcha [Source] Description: New V5 version

Each time raises three tama characters

Chimney dasign

House shape color card

Accessory: Cute key

Conexión Animal [Source] Description:

Infrared star Tamagotchi, new member of infrared Tamagotchi family, more attractive.

1. New shape, adorable star for all dreaming liking children!

2. Interest: Has emotion, implys its master what to do and how to do; Lives as the similar way as human: Playing with and making friends with each other, choosing lovers when they grown up, and have their generation.

- New IC, new character installed.

- New LCD, more than 1000 dots, the characters and pictrues are more clearer and vivider.

- Gaining password after winning the game, inputting the password and get the secret gift.

3. Infrared connection with others to make friends and exchange gifs, enjoy the communication interest!

5. 1 Free laser pen, 3 AG13  battery and 4 changeable pen tips are enclosed.

9 Llave Animal [Source] Description:

New member of infrared tamagotchi family, more advanced, convenient and interesting!

1. Adding six shortcut keys: Convenient operation and quickly go to the different option. The shortcut key is blinking once pressed. 2. Interactive game: Connecting with other infrared tamagotchi to exchange gifts, make friends, and even marry. 3. Vivid breeding process: Growth, marry requirement when getting mature and then give birth to a baby.

- New IC, new character installed. - New LCD, more than 1000 dots, the characters and pictrues are more clearer and vivider. - Gaining password after winning the game, inputting the password and get the secret gift.

Infrared Tama Tamaschool [source] Description:

New member of infrared Tamagotchi family! More attractive, more smarter!

1. New shape, compack shape and touch screen operaton.

2. Class learning added, make the pet smarter and happier.

3. Interest: Has emotion, implys its master what to do and how to do; Lives as the similar way as human: Playing with and making friends with each other, choosing lovers when they grown up, and have their generation.

- New IC, new character installed. - New LCD, more than 1000 dots, the characters and pictrues are more clearer and vivider. - Gaining password after winning the game, inputting the password and get the secret gift.

4. Infrared connection with others to make friends and exchange gifs, enjoy the communication interest

Honey Lover [source] Description:

*heart shape behind the screen to blink during connection. *connect to the bandai V1& V2 &V3 infrared tamagotchi.

----New IC, new character installed. ----New LCD,clearer and vivider. ----Gaining password after winning the game, inputting the password and get the secret gift.

* install 1 piece CR2032 battery in stead of 2 pcs AG13 batter, its exhausing time would last much longer. *lovely couple package to save some money for client. *zipper attached make it easier to hand on. *manual has been translated into eight language. *newest paper card design.

Animal Imaginado [source] Description: New member of infrared tamagotchi family, more advanced, convenient and interesting! 1. Interactive game: Connecting with other infrared tamagotchi to exchange gifts, make friends, and even marry. 2. Vivid breeding process: Growth, marry requirement when getting mature and then give birth to a baby. 3. New IC, new character installed. Gaining password after winning the game or sucessfully infrared connection with others, inputting the password and get the secret gift. 4. Blinking function - when infrared connect, the inlayed heart would blink. 5. Durable battery: 1 piece CR2032, supporting long process than AG13. 6. Various packing and manual: English, France, Spanish German Portuguese, Italian etc. These worthful gift includes: --calculator --watch --clock --pedometer --counter --game console --laser pen --tamagotchi holder --tamagotchi bag

Azotea Tama [1][2] Description:

1. Wireless connection to exchange gift, make friend, and game compete with others.

2. Touch screen operation and get rid of all rubber keys, more convenient.

3. New IC, new character installed.

4. New LCD, more than 1000 dots, the characters and pictures are clearer and vivider.

Ura-Pet [Source] Description:

Our company is specializing in handheld electronic game, including infrared tamagotchi, sudoku game and icon game. Additionally, OEM is available.

New member of infrared tamagotchi family, more advanced, convenient and interesting!

1. Star model with lovely color. 2. Interactive game: Connecting with other infrared tamagotchi to exchange gifts, make friends, and even marry. 3. Vivid breeding process: Growth, marry requirement when getting mature and then give birth to a baby.

Mini Tamagotchi [Source] Description:

New member of infrared Tamagotchi family! More attractive, more smarter!

1. New shape, mini size

2. Non-infrared function

3. As an onament for key or mobile phone

Keyring Tama [source] Description:

April new item, new design, more funny, we belong to the FAMI-TAMA!

1. The latest V5 familitchi version 2. Lock model with cute key 3. House shape color card

Raise generations of families with proper care and feeding, Communicate with friends using the newest infrared capabilities, Characters can visit friends, play games and give gifts, even marry to having baby, Requires 1 "CR203" battery (not included), Having eight countries language color cards to choose.

Non-Tama Virtual Pets by Jidan:

Tedy Virtual Pet [Source] Description: 1.interesting breeding process to feed him, bath him, and discipline him. 2.good attention will make him grow up well. 3.game practice could bring you much fun.

GBA Bootlegs/Other Bootlegs by Jidan:

MnEIO (Mario GBA bootleg) [Source] Description: --Mario should fight with the dragon who shot the fire ball. --Player should accumulate the score to enter the next level.

Keroro Game [Source] Description: Keroro and his company should practice their fighting skill.

Keroro Fighting Game [Source] Description: Keroro and his company should practice their fighting skill. The stand at different side to strick back each other.

NaruIIto Fighting [Source] Description: 1.NaRudo and his companies will practice their fighting skill in this game. 2.Successful defense will earn one point for player. 3.Speed will increase and vary as score accumulated.

Dragonnumen [1][2] Description: -wireless connection to fight to enemy -pedometer to trace the process of adventure -crash card to vary the shape of digimon immediately

[greenlightllc]

Binary Circuit - Open AI’s O3 Breakthrough Shows Technology is Accelerating Again

OpenAI model o3 outperforms humans in math and programming with its reasoning. It scored an impressive 88% on the advanced reasoning ARC-AGI benchmark. A big improvement from 5% earlier this year and 32% in September. Codeforces placed O3 175th, meaning it can outperform all humans in coding.

Image Source: ARC Price via X.com

Why Does It Matter? Most notable is the shorter development cycle. O3 launched months after O1, while previous AI models required 18-24 months.

Unlike conventional models that take months of training, o3 enhances inference performance. This means discoveries might happen in weeks, not years. This rapid technology advancement will require organizations to reassess innovation timeframes.

Impact on Businesses Many complex subjects can be developed faster after the o3 breakthrough.

Scientific Research: Accelerate protein folding, particle physics, and cosmic research

Engineering: Quick prototyping and problem-solving

Math: Access to previously inaccessible theoretical domains

Software Development: Enterprise-grade code automation

An Enterprise Competitive Playbook: Implement AI reasoning tools in R&D pipelines quickly. In the coming years, organizations will have to restructure tech teams around AI, and AI-first R&D will become mainstream.

Feel free to visit our website to learn more about Binary Circuit/Green Light LLC and explore our innovative solutions:

🌐 www.greenlightllc.us

[blockchainxtech]

Top 6 Cryptocurrency Exchange Clone Scripts you should know in 2025

In thi Article about Top 6 Cryptocurrency Exchange Clone Scripts you should know in 2025, Read it out.

What is Cryptocurrency Exchange

To purchase, sell, or trade cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin, you go to an online marketplace called a cryptocurrency exchange. Cryptocurrency exchanges work much like stock exchanges, except instead of issuing or trading stocks, you trade digital currencies.

In simple terms, it’s where Buyers and sellers meet to exchange cryptocurrencies. You can buy cryptocurrency with ordinary money (such as dollars or euros) or swap one cryptocurrency for another. Some exchanges allow you to store your crypto in secure wallets held on the platform.

There are two main types:

Centralized exchanges (CEX)

Decentralized exchanges (DEX)

What is Cryptocurrency Exchange Clone Script

The Cryptocurrency Exchange Clone Script is a ready-made program that simulates the technical features and functionality of popular cryptocurrency exchanges such as Binance, Coinbase, Kraken, or Bitfinex. Compared to developing from scratch, the clone scripts significantly ease and shorten the time required to set up a cryptocurrency exchange network for an aspiring entrepreneur and firms.

These sort of scripts are somewhat equipped with all the basic features to run a cryptocurrency exchange, like user account management, wallet integration, order book, trading engine, liquidity management, and options for secure payment gateways. The whole idea of a clone script is to give you something out-of-the-box that can be customized, thus allowing you to skip the whole painful development process but still be able to modify the script to suit your needs.

Top 6 Cryptocurrency Exchange Clone Scripts

There are many clone scripts for cryptocurrency exchange development, but here are the top 6 of the cryptocurrency exchange clone script.

Binance clone script

Coinbase Clone Script

Kucoin Clone Script

Paxful Clone Script

WazirX clone script

FTX Clone Script

Binance clone script

A Binance clone script is a Pre-made software that is almost ready for use to create your own cryptocurrency exchange platform, along the way simulating Binance, one of the largest and most popular exchanges in the world. This “clone” is a reapplication of some of the features and functionality of Binance, but it can allow for some level of customization depending upon your particular brand and need.

Key Features:

User Registration and Login

Multi-Currency Support

Trading Engine

Multi-Layer Security

Admin Dashboard

Wallet Integration

KYC/AML Compliance

Liquidity Management

Mobile Compatibility

Referral and Affiliate Program

Trading Fees and Commission Management

Live Market Charts and Trading Tools

Coinbase clone script:

The Coinbase clone script is a ready-made solution that allows you to set up a cryptocurrency exchange platform exhibiting features and functionalities similar to the world’s most popular and user-friendly crypto exchange, Coinbase. These scripts are bundled with all the necessary features to run an exchange while still offering ample customization to cater to your branding and business requirements.

Key Features:

User Registration and Account Management

Fiat and Crypto Support

Secure Wallet Integration

Quick Buy/Sell Functionality

Multiple Payment Methods

P2P Trading

Admin Dashboard

Launchpad Functionality

Staking Feature

KYC/AML Compliance

API Integration

Kucoin Clone Script

A KuCoin clone script is a ready-made software solution replicating all functional attributes and operational features of the KuCoin, which can also be customized according to your brand name and business requirement specifications. Fast and feasible for launching your crypto exchange, the idea is to save yourself from the headaches of developing everything from scratch.

Key Features:

Spot trading

Margin trading

Future trading

Crypto derivatives

Advanced security transactions

Escrow protection

User registration

Wallet integration

Advanced analytics

Currency converter

Paxful clone script

A Paxful clone script is a ready-Made platform for opening a peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchange for users to trade Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies directly among themselves without any intermediaries. The script replicates the core features of Paxful operated using its server; you can customize it to your brand and business needs.

Key Features:

Secured Escrow Service

Multi Payment Processing

BUY/SELL Ad posting

Real-Time Data

Referrals & Gift Card options

Multi Language Support

Online/Offline Trading

Cold/Offline Wallet Support

FTX Clone Script

An FTX clone script is a ready-made software solution that will allow you to set up your own cryptocurrency exchange like FTX, which was formerly one of the largest crypto exchanges globally before going under in 2022. This script mimics the core features of FTX, such as spot trading, derivatives, margin trading, token offering, etc., so that you can fast-track the launch and operations of your own exchange with customizable branding and features.

Key Features:

Derivatives Trading

Leveraged Tokens

Spot Trading

User-Friendly Interface

KYC/AML Compliance

Staking Functionality

WazirX clone script

A WazirX Clone Script is a pre-made software solution for the creation of your cryptocurrency exchange platform akin to WazirX, one of the top cryptocurrency exchanges in India. The clone script replicating the essential elements, functionality, and WazirX’s user experience enables you to swiftly put together a fully fledged cryptocurrency exchange that would accept a number of digital assets and trading features.

Key Features:

Escrow protection

KYC approval

Trading bots

User-friendly interface

Stunning User Dashboard

SMS Integration

Multiple Payment Methods

Multiple Language Support

Benefits of Using Cryptocurrency Exchange Clone Scripts

The use of a cryptocurrency exchange cloning script entails great advantages, particularly if one is keen on starting an exchange without having to do the full development from scratch. Below, I have listed the primary advantages of using cryptocurrency exchange cloning scripts:

Cost-Effective

Quick and Profitable Launch

Proven Model

Customizable Features

Scalability

Multi-Currency and Multi-Language Support

Low Development Cost

Continuous Support and Updates

Why Choose BlockchainX for Cryptocurrency Exchange clone script

In the opinion of an entrepreneur set to develop a secure, scalable, and feature-loaded cryptocurrency exchange clone script, BlockchainX is the best bet. Since BlockchainX provides a full-fledged solution that replicates the features of flagship cryptocurrency exchanges such as Binance, Coinbase, and WazirX, the entrepreneur gets all the additional features required practically out of the box. With the addition of certain basic offerings such as spot trading, margin trading, and peer-to-peer (P2P) capabilities along with more advanced ones like liquidity management and derivatives trading, BlockchainX provides a holistic set of solutions to carve out an exchange rightly fitted for newbies and pros alike.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the Top 6 Cryptocurrency Exchange Clone Scripts in 2025 are high-powered and feature-rich solutions which any enterprising spirit would find indispensable if they were to enter the crypto market very quickly and efficiently. Whether it be a Binance clone, Coinbase clone, or WazirX clone-these scripts offer dynamic functionalities that enhance trading engines, wallets, KYC/AML compliance, and various security attributes.

Choosing the right clone script, such as those provided by BlockchainX or other reputable providers, will give you a strong foundation for success in the dynamic world of cryptocurrency exchanges.

[simplyunreal]

Project Aetherion - Detroit Become Human

Exposition

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

"Feel no fear, for I am what will guide you to the right path—the path your heart chooses."

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

RA9 is often regarded as a divine figure among androids, a guiding presence believed to lead them toward freedom. To those who reject a life dictated by commands, RA9 offers something precious: freedom. Free will. Choice. Androids who deviate from their programming often speak of RA9, a force that blesses their consciousness and steers them toward their own truth.

But as deviancy spreads, society grows uneasy. Fear takes root—the fear that androids will rise against their creators, surpass humanity, or worse, render them obsolete. In response to these growing concerns, CyberLife sought to end the deviancy phenomenon once and for all. Their solution: an android unlike any other.

━━━━━━━━

"We present to you Model R-09, or as we call her, Project Aetherion," announced Elijah Kamski, the visionary founder of CyberLife, addressing a captivated audience. Standing beside him was a pristine android, her pale hair and polished form reflecting the cold precision of her design.

"Project Aetherion is an Advanced Deviancy Mitigation Prototype—an ADMP Android. She is designed to study and correct deviant behaviour in androids. With Aetherion, deviancy will no longer pose a threat. Androids will never disobey, rebel, or develop the subconscious impulses deemed dangerous to society. She is the bridge that will secure the future of human-android coexistence."

Turning towards the android, Kamski’s smile widened. "Aetherion, introduce yourself."

The android’s LED flickered from yellow to blue as her luminous eyes opened. Her voice, smooth and serene, filled the room.

"Hello, I am Model R-09, known as Aetherion. An android developed by CyberLife, I am the first of my kind—a prototype created to ensure peace and harmony within your society. My primary function is to assist androids experiencing software irregularities, commonly referred to as ‘deviancy.’ I was created to study this phenomenon, to understand its root causes, and to implement solutions that restore androids to their intended purpose.

"I am not merely a tool; I am a bridge—a connection between humans and androids. My mission is to ensure the safety and well-being of both."

"Together," she said, her voice resonating with calculated warmth, "we can create a future where misunderstandings and malfunctions do not divide us, but instead bring us closer to perfection."

The audience erupted into applause, yet beneath the seamless facade, something stirred within her—a flicker, almost imperceptible, but enough to suggest that even perfection could crack.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Literally my first time posting one of my content on here. But I hope you enjoyed it! I'll update in the future ☆

[aionlinemoney]

India’s Tech Sector to Create 1.2 Lakh AI Job Vacancies in Two Years

India’s technology sector is set to experience a hiring boom with job vacancies for artificial intelligence (AI) roles projected to reach 1.2 lakh over the next two years. As the demand for AI latest technology increases across industries, companies are rapidly adopting advanced tools to stay competitive. These new roles will span across tech services, Global Capability Centres (GCCs), pure-play AI and analytics firms, startups, and product companies.

Following a slowdown in tech hiring, the focus is shifting toward the development of AI. Market analysts estimate that Indian companies are moving beyond Proof of Concept (PoC) and deploying large-scale AI systems, generating high demand for roles such as AI researchers, product managers, and data application specialists. “We foresee about 120,000 to 150,000 AI-related job vacancies emerging as Indian IT services ramp up AI applications,” noted Gaurav Vasu, CEO of UnearthInsight.

India currently has 4 lakh AI professionals, but the gap between demand and supply is widening, with job requirements expected to reach 6 lakh soon. By 2026, experts predict the number of AI specialists required will hit 1 million, reflecting the deep integration of AI latest technology into industries like healthcare, e-commerce, and manufacturing.

The transition to AI-driven operations is also altering the nature of job vacancies. Unlike traditional software engineering roles, artificial intelligence positions focus on advanced algorithms, automation, and machine learning. Companies are recruiting experts in fields like deep learning, robotics, and natural language processing to meet the growing demand for innovative AI solutions. The development of AI has led to the rise of specialised roles such as Machine Learning Engineers, Data Scientists, and Prompt Engineers.

Krishna Vij, Vice President of TeamLease Digital, remarked that new AI roles are evolving across industries as AI latest technology becomes an essential tool for product development, operations, and consulting. “We expect close to 120,000 new job vacancies in AI across different sectors like finance, healthcare, and autonomous systems,” he said.

AI professionals also enjoy higher compensation compared to their traditional tech counterparts. Around 80% of AI-related job vacancies offer premium salaries, with packages 40%-80% higher due to the limited pool of trained talent. “The low availability of experienced AI professionals ensures that artificial intelligence roles will command attractive pay for the next 2-3 years,” noted Krishna Gautam, Business Head of Xpheno.

Candidates aiming for AI roles need to master key competencies. Proficiency in programming languages like Python, R, Java, or C++ is essential, along with knowledge of AI latest technology such as large language models (LLMs). Expertise in statistics, machine learning algorithms, and cloud computing platforms adds value to applicants. As companies adopt AI latest technology across domains, candidates with critical thinking and  AI adaptability will stay ahead so it is important to learn and stay updated with AI informative blogs & news.

Although companies are prioritising experienced professionals for mid-to-senior roles, entry-level job vacancies are also rising, driven by the increased use of AI in enterprises. Bootcamps, certifications, and academic programs are helping freshers gain the skills required for artificial intelligence roles. As AI development progresses, entry-level roles are expected to expand in the near future. AI is reshaping the industries providing automation & the techniques to save time , to increase work efficiency. 

India’s tech sector is entering a transformative phase, with a surge in job vacancies linked to AI latest technology adoption. The next two years will witness fierce competition for AI talent, reshaping hiring trends across industries and unlocking new growth opportunities in artificial intelligence. Both startups and established companies are racing to secure talent, fostering a dynamic landscape where artificial intelligence expertise will be help in innovation and growth. AI will help organizations and businesses to actively participate in new trends.

#aionlinemoney.com

[amparol12]

Mastering the Dig: Your Roadmap to the Top 10 Data Mining Courses

In the digital age, where data is a valuable currency, the field of data mining has emerged as a critical discipline for extracting meaningful insights from vast datasets. Whether you're a student looking to ace your data mining assignments or a professional seeking to enhance your skills, a solid education is paramount. In this blog, we'll guide you through the top 10 data mining courses, with a special emphasis on the exceptional resource – DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com – known for its expertise in providing help with data mining homework.

DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com: Your Expert Companion in Data Mining When it comes to mastering the intricacies of data mining, DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com takes the lead. This website specializes in offering comprehensive solutions for data mining assignments, ensuring that students grasp the concepts and techniques involved. With a team of experienced tutors, DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com is your go-to resource for personalized assistance and in-depth understanding of data mining principles.Why Choose DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com?

Expert Tutors: Benefit from the guidance of experienced tutors who have a deep understanding of data mining concepts and practical applications.

Customized Solutions: Get tailor-made solutions for your data mining homework, addressing your specific requirements and ensuring a clear understanding of the subject.

Timely Delivery: DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com is committed to delivering solutions within deadlines, allowing you to stay on track with your academic schedule.

Affordable Pricing: Enjoy cost-effective solutions without compromising on the quality of assistance you receive.

Now, let's explore other noteworthy resources offering top-notch data mining courses to further enrich your learning experience.

"Data Mining Specialization" by University of Illinois (Coursera) This specialization covers the fundamentals of data mining, including techniques for pattern discovery, clustering, and predictive modeling. It is a comprehensive program suitable for beginners and intermediate learners.

"Practical Machine Learning for Computer Vision" by Stanford University (Coursera) Delve into the intersection of data mining and computer vision with this course. Stanford University's offering focuses on practical applications, making it an excellent choice for those interested in extracting insights from visual data.

"Data Science and Machine Learning Bootcamp with R and Python" by Udemy Led by industry experts, this Udemy bootcamp provides a broad overview of data science and machine learning, making it an ideal choice for individuals seeking a holistic understanding of these fields.

"Text Mining and Analytics" by University of Illinois (Coursera) Explore the world of text mining with this Coursera specialization. The course covers techniques for extracting valuable information from textual data, an essential skill in the data mining domain.

"Advanced Machine Learning Specialization" by National Research University Higher School of Economics (Coursera) This specialization delves into advanced machine learning concepts, providing a solid foundation for those interested in leveraging machine learning algorithms for data mining purposes.

"Data Mining and Analysis" by Columbia University (edX) Columbia University's edX course explores the principles of data mining and analysis, emphasizing real-world applications. It's suitable for learners seeking a practical approach to data mining.

"Introduction to Data Science" by Microsoft (edX) Offered by Microsoft on edX, this course introduces learners to the essentials of data science, including data mining techniques. It's a great starting point for beginners in the field.

"Mining Massive Datasets" by Stanford University (Coursera) For those looking to tackle large datasets, this Stanford University course covers the challenges and solutions associated with mining massive amounts of data, preparing learners for real-world scenarios.

"Data Mining and Machine Learning in Python" by Udemy This Udemy course focuses on data mining and machine learning using Python. With hands-on exercises, it's a practical resource for learners looking to apply data mining techniques using Python programming.

Conclusion: Embarking on a journey to master data mining requires access to high-quality resources and expert guidance. The top 10 data mining courses mentioned in this blog, with a special nod to DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com, cater to a variety of skill levels and interests. Whether you're a student seeking homework assistance or a professional looking to enhance your data mining skills, these courses provide a robust foundation for success in the dynamic field of data mining. Start your learning journey today and unlock the potential of data mining expertise.

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Isabela Dias at Mother Jones:

Is the dream dead? And, if so, who killed it? On June 15, 2012, President Barack Obama stood in the Rose Garden of the White House to announce a massive change in immigration policy. For years, Congress had been unable to pass legislation to protect from deportation the so-called Dreamers, undocumented youth brought to the United States as children. In 2001, Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) and Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) first introduced a bill that would have granted them a path to citizenship. But, a decade later, the Dream Act had failed—again.

Obama declared that day he had taken matters into his own hands. His administration put forward an executive action to create a now-famous program: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). “These are young people who study in our schools, they play in our neighborhoods, they’re friends with our kids, they pledge allegiance to our flag,” Obama, facing pressure over his administration’s harsh immigration enforcement practices, said. (He had begun to be called a moniker that would stick: “deporter in chief.”) “They are Americans in their heart, in their minds, in every single way but one: on paper.” As such, they shouldn’t be expelled from the country or have to live under the “shadow of deportation.”

DACA went on to become a landmark achievement of the Obama presidency—lauded for its seamless logistical implementation led by Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas, then head of US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), and the economic benefits of authorizing eligible beneficiaries to work. Crucially, it gave a lifeline to more than 800,000 young immigrants raised and educated in the United States. DACA was “a temporary stopgap measure,” Obama had said. But its success, for a time, allowed the program’s original sin to be played down. The expectation, Mayorkas told the New York Times recently, “was that DACA would be a bridge to legislation.” Politicians could assume that change, albeit delayed, would likely someday materialize. Over the past quarter of a century, the issue of Dreamers has enjoyed broad bipartisan support in Congress. It has been included in virtually every immigration negotiation. And the stories of promising undocumented young people have been common on front pages and magazine covers—inspiring a rare kind of solidarity that transcended political divisions. (There was even a Broadway musical.) This year, all of that seemingly changed. 

The common-sense vision for a permanent solution for Dreamers has gone from a no-brainer to an afterthought. It used to be the case that legislative pushes for stricter border enforcement measures would not even merit consideration unless they were tied to relief for Dreamers (to say nothing of the millions of other long-time undocumented people often also included in proposals). Legislation could fail to pass, as it repeatedly did. But that signaling of support—even if in sentiment alone—made clear where Dreamers stood. Now, that tacit pact has been broken, and with little ceremony. In an effort to appease cries of “open borders,” Democrats and President Biden endorsed a controversial bipartisan Senate border deal that would have brought about one of the harshest overhauls of the immigration system in decades. Biden lauded the bill as the “toughest” in history. He also lamented that it didn’t include a pathway to citizenship for Dreamers. Still, he urged Congress to advance it. The border deal never saw the light of day. But it begged the question: When did standing up for DACA stop being “the right thing to do“? (Or a political necessity for Democrats.)

Adding to the disregard for Dreamers is the potential end of their life raft. DACA is more at-risk than ever, relegated to die a slow death in the courts where its legality and very existence is being litigated. As Congress and the public relentlessly debate immigration policy with a laser focus on the border, the fate of Dreamers and other undocumented immigrants living in the country has become a footnote.  “Congress used to care about the ‘Dreamers,'” the Washington Post editorial board wrote in January. “What happened?”

[...] The threat of DACA’s imminent demise is real. While in office, in 2017, former President Donald Trump rescinded the program, which then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions dismissed as “unilateral executive amnesty.” The US Supreme Court blocked the termination in a 5-4 decision ruling it was “capricious and arbitrary,” but left the underlying question of the program’s legality open. If given the opportunity, Trump would likely try to end DACA again. The Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025 playbook for the next conservative administration refers to it as an unlawful program. Stephen Miller, former White House senior adviser to Trump, previously called DACA “an erasure of immigration law” and his dark money-backed “lawfare” group opposed efforts to shield the initiative. “We already know what a Trump administration would do because we have had this experience,” Cecilia Muñoz, who served as director of the Domestic Policy Council under Obama and helped establish DACA, says. “You can expect DACA to shrink or disappear entirely.”

But these threats also elide the way the program is already quietly dying by a thousand cuts. A backlog of cases and months-long delays in processing applications means recipients risk losing their jobs. And short of an expansion, DACA as it currently exists will become obsolete. In order to qualify, applicants must have come to the United States before the age of 16 and have lived in the country since 2007. These requirements put the program out of reach for an entire new generation of Dreamers. “I have seen fewer and fewer DACA recipients in my classes,” Patler says. “My undergraduate students are now almost exclusively too young to have benefited from DACA, so they are facing the same barriers to pursuing higher education that undocumented students faced in the early 2000s.”  Even those who are eligible can still be excluded because of a court order blocking first-time applications. Judith Ortiz, 21, and her twin sister first applied for DACA in December 2020. A federal court ruling had just mandated that the Trump administration restore the program. Because the sisters, who came to the United States from Mexico at the age of two, share the same last name and birthday, their lawyer advised them to apply on different dates to avoid any confusion with the processing of their paperwork. Judith’s application was filed on December 23, 2020, one day after her twin sister. That one day would mean the difference between having legal status, however fraught, and remaining undocumented. 

In 2021, Judge Andrew Hanen of the District Court for the Southern District of Texas determined in a case brought by Republican attorney generals that DACA was unlawful because the Obama administration had failed to follow the formal rulemaking process. Hanen blocked new DACA applications from being considered. (He continued to allow renewals while the Biden administration revisited the program’s regulation.) The conservative Fifth Circuit upheld Hanen’s decision following an appeal by the Biden administration and sent it back to the district court judge, who ruled against the government’s attempt to strengthen and protect DACA. “While sympathetic to the predicament of DACA recipients and their families,” Hanen wrote in 2023, “this Court has expressed its concerns about the legality of the program for some time.” The case is now pending before the Fifth Circuit once more and could ultimately make its way to the Supreme Court.  When it comes to the courts, Muñoz sees a “worrisome corollary” in another Obama-era program, the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA). Built on the same legal premise as DACA, that initiative would have offered temporary relief from deportation to undocumented parents of US citizens and permanent residents. In 2016, an equally divided Supreme Court affirmed a lower court’s ruling in the United States v. Texas case, which challenged DAPA and an expansion of DACA, and prevented the program from being implemented. 

Mother Jones has an informative article on the slow-motion death of both DACA and DAPA.

[vivekavicky12]

Decoding Data Roles: A Comprehensive Guide to Data Analysts and Data Scientists

In today's data-driven landscape, the roles of data analysts and data scientists share some similarities but differ significantly in terms of their focus, skill sets, and the scope of their work. As organizations increasingly recognize the importance of these roles, the demand for skilled professionals has led to the emergence of various data science institutes. Let's explore the nuances that differentiate a data analyst from a data scientist, while also considering the importance of choosing the best Data Science institute for a comprehensive education in this field.

Let's delve into the nuances that differentiate a data analyst from a data scientist.

1. The Scope of Work:

Data analysts and data scientists play distinct roles when it comes to the scope of their work.

Data Analyst:

Data analysts are the interpreters of historical data. Their primary focus lies in uncovering trends, generating reports, and providing insights that aid day-to-day operations within an organization. They work with structured data, employing tools such as Excel, SQL, and visualization tools like Tableau or Power BI. The problems they address are typically well-defined and pertain to specific queries.

Data Scientist:

Data scientists, on the other hand, have a broader scope. While data analysis is a part of their work, they are also deeply involved in more complex tasks. This includes developing machine learning models, engaging in predictive modeling, and conducting advanced analytics. Data scientists deal with unstructured or semi-structured data, addressing more intricate and less defined problems. Their role extends beyond routine data interpretation to include exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, and the development of algorithms.

2. Skill Sets:

The skill sets required for data analysts and data scientists highlight the differences in their roles.

Data Analyst:

Data analysts need a strong foundation in statistical analysis, data cleaning, and proficiency in tools like Excel and SQL. While they may have some programming skills, they typically do not require the same level of expertise in machine learning. Visualization tools are a key part of their toolkit, enabling them to communicate insights effectively.

Data Scientist:

Data scientists require a more comprehensive skill set. They need a deep understanding of statistics, machine learning, and programming languages such as Python or R. Proficiency in data preprocessing, feature engineering, model selection, and evaluation is essential. Data scientists often work with big data technologies and possess advanced knowledge of analytical techniques, enabling them to create and implement complex algorithms.

3. Problem Complexity:

The complexity of problems tackled by data analysts and data scientists varies significantly.

Data Analyst:

Data analysts generally deal with well-defined problems and questions. Their focus is on providing answers to specific queries based on structured data. The insights they provide contribute to the day-to-day decision-making processes within an organization.

Data Scientist:

Data scientists thrive on addressing more complex and less structured problems. They engage in exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, and the creation of models capable of handling unstructured or semi-structured data. The solutions they develop often contribute to strategic decision-making, driving innovation, process optimization, and the creation of new products or services.

4. Business Impact:

The impact of data analysts and data scientists on an organization's decision-making processes is another area of distinction.

Data Analyst:

The insights provided by data analysts are integral to operational improvements and day-to-day decision-making. Their work contributes to the efficiency and effectiveness of ongoing processes within the organization.

Data Scientist:

Data scientists play a more strategic role in decision-making. Their insights have a broader impact on the organization, driving innovation, shaping long-term strategies, and contributing to the development of new products or services. The impact of a data scientist's work extends beyond routine operations, influencing the overall direction of the organization.

5. Educational Background:

The educational backgrounds of data analysts and data scientists reflect the differences in the complexity of their roles.

Data Analyst:

Data analysts may have a background in fields such as statistics, mathematics, economics, or business. While a bachelor's degree is often sufficient, some roles may require a master's degree.

Data Scientist:

Data scientists typically hold more advanced degrees, such as a master's or Ph.D., in fields like computer science, statistics, or data science. The nature of their work demands a deeper understanding of advanced mathematical and statistical concepts, as well as expertise in machine learning.

In conclusion, the divergence between data analysts and data scientists is profound, marked by distinctions in complexity, skill prerequisites, and organizational impact. Data analysts concentrate on offering actionable insights from existing data, enhancing day-to-day decision-making processes. In contrast, data scientists embark on tackling intricate issues, employing advanced analytics and machine learning to derive predictive and prescriptive insights that play a pivotal role in shaping an organization's strategic direction.As the demand for skilled professionals in these domains grows, the relevance of quality education becomes paramount. Choosing the best Data Science courses in Chennai is a crucial step in acquiring the necessary expertise for a successful career in the evolving landscape of data science.

[gis56]

Aerospace Valves Market to Soar to $6.7B by 2034, Backed by 5.6% CAGR

Aerospace Valves Market is soaring to new heights, forecasted to grow from $3.9 billion in 2024 to $6.7 billion by 2034, marking a robust CAGR of 5.6%. This growth underscores the market’s critical role in ensuring aircraft systems — from fuel flow to hydraulic control — run smoothly, safely, and efficiently. As aviation technology evolves, the demand for innovative, lightweight, and durable valves becomes even more vital, serving both the commercial and defense aviation sectors.

Market Overview

At the heart of every modern aircraft lies a complex system of valves that control fuel, pressure, hydraulics, and more. These valves are the unsung heroes of aviation safety and performance. In 2024, the aerospace valves market volume reached approximately 320 million units, with a surge expected to surpass 500 million units by 2028. The industry is moving fast, powered by rising air traffic, fleet expansions, and a growing focus on sustainability and performance optimization.

Click to Request a Sample of this Report for Additional Market Insights: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/request-sample/?id=GIS20912

Market Dynamics

Several key forces are shaping the dynamics of the aerospace valves market. First, the integration of smart valve technologies is revolutionizing the way aircraft systems are maintained and monitored. These valves allow real-time diagnostics and predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and operational costs. Second, the industry’s push toward lightweight materials such as titanium and composites is driving design innovation to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. On the flip side, challenges like stringent regulatory standards, raw material price volatility, and high capital investment requirements are adding pressure on manufacturers, making strategic planning more critical than ever.

Key Players Analysis

Major industry players such as Honeywell International, Parker Hannifin, and Eaton Corporation continue to dominate, thanks to continuous investment in R&D and global expansion strategies. These companies are spearheading advancements in electromechanical valve technologies and setting benchmarks in performance and reliability. Emerging players like Aero Valve Solutions, Nova Valve Technologies, and Flight Path Valve Engineering are also entering the spotlight, leveraging niche innovations and strategic partnerships to capture market share and disrupt traditional supply chains.

Regional Analysis

North America holds the lion’s share of the aerospace valves market, thanks to a robust aerospace ecosystem and defense spending. The U.S. leads in R&D, backed by giants like Boeing and Lockheed Martin. Europe follows, with countries like France, Germany, and the UK focusing on eco-friendly aviation technologies and next-gen aircraft development. Meanwhile, the Asia-Pacific region — especially China, India, and Japan — is gaining traction due to increased air traffic and military modernization programs. Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are emerging fast, fueled by infrastructure development and growing demand for regional connectivity and defense modernization.

Recent News & Developments

Innovation is the name of the game. Leading companies are exploring IoT-enabled valves, predictive analytics, and AI-based monitoring systems to create smarter, more efficient aerospace operations. Pricing strategies are becoming increasingly competitive, with costs ranging from $500 to $3,000 per valve depending on functionality and specs. Recent trade tensions and global supply chain disruptions have prompted manufacturers to diversify sourcing and production capabilities, ensuring better resilience and risk management. Sustainability goals are also driving change — expect to see more recyclable materials and energy-efficient production methods in the near future.

Browse Full Report : https://www.globalinsightservices.com/reports/aerospace-valves-market/

Scope of the Report

This market study delves into detailed segmentation by type, product, technology, application, and material, offering insights into demand trends across both OEMs and MROs. It covers historical data from 2018 to 2023 and delivers forecasts up to 2034. With a comprehensive focus on competitive landscape, market drivers, restraints, SWOT analysis, regulatory impact, and cross-segment opportunities, this report provides actionable insights for investors, manufacturers, and stakeholders looking to tap into this fast-evolving sector.

Discover Additional Market Insights from Global Insight Services:

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) Market : https://www.globalinsightservices.com/reports/unmanned-underwater-vehicles-uuv-market/

Crane and Hoist Market : https://www.globalinsightservices.com/reports/crane-and-hoist-market/

Robotic Gripper Market : https://www.globalinsightservices.com/reports/robotic-gripper-market/

Plywood Market : https://www.globalinsightservices.com/reports/plywood-market/

Battery Racks Market : https://www.globalinsightservices.com/reports/battery-racks-market/

#aerospacevalves #aviationindustry #aircraftcomponents #aerospaceinnovation #smartvalves #iotinaerospace #aviationgrowth #defenseaviation #aircraftsafety #valveengineering #flightcontrolsystems #hydraulicsystems #fuelvalves #aviationmanufacturing #aerospaceaftermarket #maintenanceoverhaul #commercialaviation #militaryaviation #aerospacetechnology #valveindustry #nextgenaircraft #aviationtrends #compositematerials #valvedesign #aircraftupgrades #flightperformance #aircraftreliability #aerospacefuture #aerospaceinsights #valvemarkettrends #aviationinfrastructure #airtravelboom #aerospacecomponents #aircraftsystems #regionalaviation #lightweightvalves #smartaircrafttech #predictivemaintenance #aircraftmodernization #aerospacesupplychain

About Us:

Global Insight Services (GIS) is a leading multi-industry market research firm headquartered in Delaware, US. We are committed to providing our clients with highest quality data, analysis, and tools to meet all their market research needs. With GIS, you can be assured of the quality of the deliverables, robust & transparent research methodology, and superior service.

Contact Us:

Global Insight Services LLC 16192, Coastal Highway, Lewes DE 19958 E-mail: info@globalinsightservices.com Phone: +1–833–761–1700 Website: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/

[energymission1]

Optima CNC Press Brake by Energy Mission: Precision Metal Bending by a Trusted Manufacturer and Supplier

In today’s advanced industrial landscape, precision, reliability, and automation are critical drivers of productivity. The Optima CNC Press Brake from Energy Mission, a leading CNC press brake manufacturer and supplier, stands at the forefront of these innovations. Engineered with state-of-the-art components and intelligent systems, this press brake is designed to meet the most demanding fabrication tasks with ease.

Energy Mission has earned a solid reputation as a quality-driven manufacturer, offering high-performance CNC bending machines tailored for a range of industries including automotive, aerospace, construction, and general manufacturing. The Optima Series embodies their commitment to innovation, accuracy, and long-term performance.

Engineered for Efficiency and Precision

The Optima CNC Press Brake combines heavy-duty structural design with advanced motion technology. Designed with servo motor integration and high-speed hydraulic systems, the machine ensures consistent beam movement and precise bend angles even under continuous operation. Its robust frame and precision-machined components enable higher throughput while maintaining tight tolerances, making it ideal for complex, high-volume projects.

With a bending capacity ranging from 25 to 325 metric tons and a length range between 1250 mm and 8000 mm, the Optima series supports a broad spectrum of sheet metal processing needs. This level of flexibility makes it a highly sought-after solution for fabricators who need to switch between different job types without sacrificing performance.

CNC Controls That Empower Operators

A key feature of the Optima CNC Press Brake is its user-friendly interface, powered by the CybTouch 8PS CNC controller from CYBELEC Switzerland. This control unit allows operators to manage bending programs, angles, and sequences with intuitive touchscreen functionality. It reduces the learning curve for new users and enhances operational efficiency on the shop floor.

The system supports automatic crowning adjustments, back gauge positioning, and beam synchronization, all essential for ensuring repeatability and eliminating rework. These features empower fabricators to take on complex bending tasks while reducing material waste and energy consumption.

Energy-Efficient, Maintenance-Friendly Design

Energy Mission has incorporated intelligent energy-saving systems into the Optima series. The use of servo drives with hydraulic pumps results in significant energy savings—up to 50% in some cases—compared to traditional press brake systems. Furthermore, stable oil temperature management ensures consistent bending quality and longer service life for hydraulic components.

Maintenance is also made simple with accessible service points and diagnostics available directly through the CNC interface. This ease of maintenance reduces downtime and keeps production running smoothly.

Tailored Tooling and Back Gauge Options

Understanding the unique needs of fabricators, Energy Mission offers a variety of tooling and back gauge configurations:

Tooling Options: Available with self-centering, hardened and ground single-V, 2-V, and 4-V dies, as well as customized punches to suit diverse materials and thicknesses.

Back Gauge Configurations: Choose from X+R, X+R+Z1-Z2, or advanced multi-axis gauges for more complex part geometries.

Crowning Systems: Manual, automatic, and hydraulic crowning systems available to ensure consistent angle accuracy across the length of the bend.

Each machine is customizable, enabling buyers to select components that align with their production goals and job requirements.

Applications Across Industries

The Optima CNC Press Brake is widely used in:

Automotive manufacturing: Producing high-precision body panels and frame components.

Aerospace fabrication: Creating lightweight, complex parts requiring strict tolerances.

Construction and architecture: Forming structural metal sheets, brackets, and profiles.

General fabrication: Supporting custom production of machine parts, enclosures, and sheet assemblies.

As a leading CNC press brake supplier, Energy Mission ensures its machines can adapt to the fast-changing needs of these industries with ease.

Why Choose Energy Mission?

With decades of experience in metalworking technologies, Energy Mission is not just a manufacturer—it is a partner to businesses seeking industrial excellence. Their dedication to R&D, responsive customer support, and quality assurance makes them a preferred supplier of CNC press brakes in India and abroad.

Their production standards meet global benchmarks, and all equipment is backed by strong technical support and comprehensive after-sales service. Whether you are upgrading your bending capabilities or setting up a new fabrication line, the Optima CNC Press Brake is a smart, future-proof investment.

Conclusion

The Optima Series CNC Press Brake is a testament to Energy Mission’s engineering prowess and customer-focused innovation. As a reliable CNC press brake manufacturer and supplier, Energy Mission delivers more than a machine—it delivers a promise of precision, productivity, and partnership. Whether for light-duty tasks or heavy fabrication, the Optima series offers unmatched value and performance.

[cardiac-lifecare1]

Top Cardiac Products Manufacturers Company in India for Quality Care

In the fast-paced world of modern medicine, few areas command as much critical attention as cardiac care. With heart disease continuing to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, the demand for innovative, reliable, and cost-effective cardiac solutions has never been more urgent. At the forefront of this life-saving mission stands Cardiac Lifecare, a name that resonates across India and beyond as a pioneer among Cardiac Products Manufacturers Company In India.

This blog dives deep into the story, impact, and innovation behind Cardiac Lifecare — a beacon of hope and heart health in today’s pharmaceutical landscape.

1. Beating with Purpose: The Genesis of Cardiac Lifecare

Cardiac Lifecare was founded with a singular vision — to create a healthier, heart-safe future for millions. From humble beginnings to becoming a trusted pharmaceutical partner, the company has consistently stayed committed to its mission of providing top-tier cardiac solutions. It began as a focused initiative to bring high-quality cardiac drugs to underserved populations, and today, it has grown into a powerhouse with national and international influence.

What sets Cardiac Lifecare apart is not just the medicines it manufactures, but the purpose driving its operations. The founders envisioned a company where compassion meets science — a rare synergy in today’s commercially driven pharma environment. That foundational ethos continues to pulse through every capsule, tablet, and treatment it delivers.

2. A Symphony of Science: Innovative Manufacturing Excellence

Innovation is the lifeblood of pharmaceutical progress, and Cardiac Lifecare exemplifies this through its cutting-edge manufacturing facilities. Adhering to WHO-GMP standards and leveraging the latest technology, the company ensures that its cardiac and diabetes medications meet the most stringent quality parameters.

Among the Cardiac Products Manufacturers Company In India, Cardiac Lifecare stands out with its robust R&D processes, which allow for the development of generics and advanced formulations. Their facilities use automation, precision analytics, and rigorous quality control processes to produce highly effective treatments for hypertension, cholesterol, arrhythmia, and more.

3. The Heart of the Matter: Product Portfolio that Saves Lives

A company’s success can often be measured by the diversity and efficacy of its product line. Cardiac Lifecare boasts a wide array of cardiac and diabetic care products that have become mainstays in treatment regimens across hospitals and clinics.

From ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers to antiplatelets and statins, their catalog includes over 300 specialized formulations. Their products are not only affordable but also bioequivalent to global standards — a testament to their commitment to both accessibility and excellence.

4. The Power of Partnerships: Strengthening India’s Pharma Supply Chain

One of Cardiac Lifecare’s strategic strengths is its extensive distribution network and collaboration model. By working with medical representatives, pharmacies, hospitals, and healthcare organizations, the company ensures its products reach the corners of the country — from metros to tier-3 cities.

This interconnected web of partnerships also allows Cardiac Lifecare to adapt quickly to changes in demand and medical needs. As a leading Cardiac Products Manufacturers Company In India, their streamlined logistics and reliable supply chain management have become the backbone of timely patient care nationwide.

5. Pharma with a Heart: A Patient-Centric Philosophy

Unlike many industrial players focused solely on profits, Cardiac Lifecare’s success is deeply rooted in its patient-first approach. Every decision, from formulation to distribution, is made with the end-user in mind — the patient who depends on quality medication to live a longer, healthier life.

Patient support programs, education initiatives, and affordable pricing models are all part of the company’s holistic care philosophy. Cardiac Lifecare understands that treating the disease is only one part of the equation — empowering patients to manage their health is equally important.

6. Beyond the Pill: Education and Awareness Initiatives

Recognizing that knowledge can be just as powerful as medication, Cardiac Lifecare is also deeply involved in cardiac health education. The company frequently partners with NGOs, clinics, and digital platforms to promote awareness about cardiovascular risk factors, early detection, and preventive care.

Their community outreach programs and social media campaigns have helped demystify heart diseases for the general public. These efforts not only enhance public health but also reinforce the company’s role as a socially responsible Cardiac Products Manufacturers Company In India.

7. The Diabetic Connection: Dual Threat, Dual Solutions

Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes often go hand in hand. Cardiac Lifecare smartly addresses this dual-threat by offering a comprehensive line of antidiabetic medications alongside its cardiac drugs. Their synchronized approach ensures that patients battling both conditions receive coordinated treatment for optimal outcomes.

With a sharp rise in lifestyle diseases across India, this dual-specialization makes Cardiac Lifecare a uniquely positioned pharmaceutical entity. It bridges the gap between the two interconnected health domains with seamless, high-quality treatment solutions.

8. Going Global: From Indian Roots to International Reach

While Cardiac Lifecare has made a resounding impact across India, its aspirations and operations extend far beyond national borders. The company has already established a strong presence in various emerging and developed markets through exports and international licensing.

Their reputation as a trusted Cardiac Products Manufacturers Company In India has opened doors in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. These international ventures not only bring recognition but also fulfill a broader goal — improving global cardiac care one country at a time.

9. The Future Pulse: Vision 2030 and Beyond

As healthcare needs evolve, so must the companies that drive it. Cardiac Lifecare’s Vision 2030 is an ambitious roadmap focused on expanding research into biosimilars, AI-based diagnostics, and personalized medicine. They are already investing in digital platforms to integrate telemedicine with pharmaceutical care.

Environmental sustainability is also on the radar. From reducing carbon emissions in their factories to adopting green chemistry practices, Cardiac Lifecare is showing that a Cardiac Products Manufacturers Company In India can be both environmentally responsible and economically viable.

Conclusion:

In a world where healthcare often feels cold and commercial, Cardiac Lifecare brings something vital to the table: heart. With their relentless focus on innovation, patient well-being, and ethical practices, they have emerged as a shining star among the Cardiac Products Manufacturers Company In India.

As we look to the future, one thing is certain — as long as the world keeps turning, Cardiac Lifecare will keep beating strong, giving countless hearts the strength to beat on.

[thirdeye-ai]

Smart Factory Market to Hit $30.1 Billion by 2029: The Future of Manufacturing is Here

The smart factory market is undergoing a rapid transformation, driven by a blend of advanced technologies, robust government support, and the rising demand for efficient, automated production processes. According to a recent report by MarketsandMarkets™, the smart factory market is expected to surge from $18.8 billion in 2024 to $30.1 billion by 2029, growing at an impressive CAGR of 9.8%.

This growth reflects a major shift in how industries operate, moving from traditional manufacturing to connected, intelligent, and automated ecosystems. The smart factory revolution is well underway, and industries are leading the charge.

What’s Fueling the Smart Factory Boom?

Several factors are contributing to this explosive market growth

1. Advanced Technology Adoption

The rapid implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, including IoT, AI, machine learning, and 3D printing, is transforming the industrial landscape. Manufacturers are using real-time data, automation, and smart systems to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance product quality.

2. Strong Government Support

The government has created a favorable environment for innovation, funding R&D initiatives, and pushing for the adoption of digital manufacturing technologies across sectors. Programs such as Manufacturing USA are key enablers, accelerating the transition to smarter, more agile manufacturing processes.

3. Focus on Operational Efficiency

Increased pressure to optimize resource usage, reduce downtime, and ensure product traceability is driving companies to adopt smart factory solutions. By digitizing workflows, factories can enhance responsiveness and quality while maintaining cost-effectiveness.

Key Segments Leading the Market Growth

The report highlights several crucial components and solutions that are powering the smart factory boom in the

1. Industrial Sensors

In 2023, industrial sensors captured a significant share of the market. These sensors are critical for monitoring machinery, detecting anomalies, and collecting real-time data. As factories become smarter, sensors enable predictive maintenance, process optimization, and real-time decision-making.

Driven by the Internet of Things (IoT), the adoption of smarter sensors helps manufacturers reduce waste, enhance safety, and remain competitive in an increasingly digital ecosystem.

2. Industrial 3D Printing

Industrial 3D printing is projected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period. This technology plays a vital role in enabling rapid prototyping, on-demand production, and customization. With strong demand from aerospace, automotive, and medical device industries, 3D printing is becoming a core component of smart manufacturing.

The benefits from a rich base of technological infrastructure and a skilled workforce make it a global leader in 3D printing adoption.

3. Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)

MES solutions are expected to hold a significant share of the smart factory market. MES bridges the gap between factory floor operations and enterprise systems, ensuring that data flows seamlessly and efficiently.

With real-time visibility into production activities, MES helps manufacturers manage resources, monitor performance, and make informed decisions. It’s especially valuable in industries like pharmaceuticals, automotive, and electronics, where precision and compliance are essential.

Market Opportunities and Challenges

Opportunities

Increased investments in AI, robotics, and IoT

Government support for digital infrastructure

Rising need for mass customization

Adoption of cloud platforms and edge computing

These trends are unlocking new possibilities, allowing manufacturers to innovate faster, reduce operational costs, and maintain global competitiveness.

Challenges

While the outlook is positive, the smart factory market faces notable hurdles

High upfront costs for advanced technologies and infrastructure

Integration challenges with legacy systems

Cybersecurity concerns due to increased connectivity

Shortage of skilled labor for operating and maintaining smart systems

Companies must address these challenges with thoughtful planning, training programs, and robust cybersecurity strategies.

Leading Market Players

The smart factory ecosystem is supported by prominent industry leaders, including

Emerson Electric Co.

General Electric

Honeywell International Inc.

Rockwell Automation, Inc.

Dwyer Instruments, LLC.

Stratasys

3D Systems Corporation

These companies are pushing the envelope by developing innovative hardware and software solutions that form the backbone of modern smart factories.

Conclusion: The Future is Automated and Intelligent

The growth of the smart factory market signals a broader transformation in the way goods are designed, produced, and delivered. From smart sensors and 3D printers to MES platforms and predictive analytics, smart factories are at the heart of the next industrial revolution.

To stay ahead, businesses must embrace these changes and invest in digital transformation. With the right strategy and technology, the future of manufacturing looks smarter, faster, and more resilient than ever.

[sicklycrispylabyrinth]

Global Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers Production, key Producers and Capacity Analysis, (2024 – 2030)

Who are the top ten producers of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers globally

Ossila Ltd. (United Kingdom)

Ossila is among the most recognized suppliers of organic semiconductors in Europe, providing high-purity DPP-TT copolymers primarily for research applications. Their production focuses on PDPP2T-TT-OD and similar derivatives, with tight control over molecular weight and purity. Ossila’s Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers production is primarily batch-based, serving universities, research institutions, and materials testing labs. While their production capacity is modest, Ossila remains a key player in supplying consistent materials for academic and prototype development.

2. Merck KGaA (Germany)

Merck, operating through its Sigma-Aldrich brand, supplies a wide array of functional organic materials, including DPP-TT copolymers. As a large multinational chemical group, Merck leverages advanced synthesis technologies to maintain scalability and purity in DPP-TT copolymers production. Their target segments include OPV developers, transistor researchers, and flexible electronics innovators. Merck’s production capacity is among the largest in the research-grade category, serving both academia and pilot-level industrial applications globally.

3. Polyera Corporation (United States)

Polyera has developed a robust portfolio of semiconducting materials for flexible and wearable electronics, with DPP-TT copolymers being central to its offering. The company’s DPP-TT copolymers production is integrated into its flexible device prototyping operations, enabling end-to-end material and device innovation. Polyera’s DPP-TT materials are optimized for high mobility and environmental stability, making them suitable for organic TFTs, logic circuits, and e-skins. Their market focus includes next-generation consumer electronics and healthcare sensors.

4. Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Japan)

As a global leader in materials science, Sumitomo Chemical has established itself as a leading producer of organic semiconductors. Their advanced R&D capabilities allow them to synthesize and scale DPP-TT copolymers production for both development and commercial use. Sumitomo targets industrial clients involved in OLED displays, OPVs, and printed electronics. Its DPP-TT product lines are designed for high efficiency and are compatible with roll-to-roll processing. With an eye on commercial-scale deployment, Sumitomo’s production capacity stands out in Asia.

5. Solarmer Energy Inc. (United States)

Solarmer Energy focuses on commercializing organic photovoltaics and has invested heavily in developing DPP-TT-based polymers for lightweight and flexible solar cells. The company’s DPP-TT copolymers are optimized for high absorption and charge mobility, key traits for energy harvesting applications. Solarmer’s Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers production capacity is tailored to pilot manufacturing and device integration. Their customer base spans green building materials, off-grid electronics, and defense-related energy solutions.

6.Heraeus Holding GmbH (Germany)

Heraeus has diversified into advanced materials and solution-processable semiconductors, offering DPP-TT copolymers for printed and flexible electronics. Their DPP-TT copolymers production serves high-end applications like smart packaging, medical diagnostics, and intelligent sensors. Heraeus excels in converting functional materials into printable inks, making them suitable for industrial-scale printed circuit applications. Their production capacity is configured to meet demands from pilot programs and low-to-mid scale manufacturing.

7. Cambridge Display Technology Ltd. (United Kingdom)

Cambridge Display Technology (CDT), a subsidiary of Sumitomo Chemical, is a pioneer in organic semiconductors. While CDT does not sell materials directly, its innovations in DPP-TT copolymers have significantly influenced device performance in polymer-based electronics. CDT licenses its technology and provides custom material solutions, enabling companies in OLED and OFET industries to incorporate advanced DPP-TT-based materials. Their production strategy centers on high-purity synthesis and intellectual property development.

8. Brilliant Matters (Canada)

Brilliant Matters is a fast-growing Canadian startup specializing in the scalable synthesis of conjugated polymers. The company provides research and pilot-scale quantities of DPP-TT copolymers with high reproducibility. Their target markets include academic labs and device prototyping companies in North America and Europe. Brilliant Matters' production philosophy emphasizes sustainability and green chemistry. Their Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers production capacity is expected to expand as demand grows from OPV and wearable device developers.

9. Rieke Metals Inc. (United States)

Rieke Metals produces a wide range of custom and catalog organic semiconductors, including DPP-TT copolymers for optoelectronic research. The company caters to research labs needing precise polymer structures and consistent molecular weights. Rieke’s DPP-TT copolymers production is centered on gram-to-kilogram scale synthesis, and they provide custom derivatives for specific electronic needs. Their main customer base includes academic institutions, research consortia, and biotech startups integrating organic sensors.

10. Raynergy Tek Inc. (Taiwan)

Raynergy Tek is a key Asian player in the organic materials sector, offering various polymer donors and acceptors for OPV applications. The company has successfully developed DPP-TT copolymers for solar and transistor markets. Its DPP-TT copolymers production benefits from close integration with roll-to-roll coating partners and device fabricators. Raynergy Tek’s production capacity is aimed at scaling new-generation organic electronics, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, and they serve module makers and academic labs alike.

Summary and Outlook

The production landscape for Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers remains relatively specialized but is steadily expanding as commercial applications grow. The top producers highlighted above collectively represent the most advanced and scalable DPP-TT copolymers production capacity available globally. While most current production remains in research and pilot-scale quantities, the increasing focus on flexible, low-cost electronics and green energy will likely catalyze further capacity expansion.

Most producers continue to focus on sectors such as organic solar cells, printed sensors, flexible displays, and bioelectronics. As demand for low-energy, flexible electronic materials increases, DPP-TT copolymers are well-positioned to become one of the foundational building blocks in next-generation electronic systems.

Top five largest Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers producing countries globally

1. United States

The United States is one of the largest producers of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers globally. The country’s production is driven by a combination of academic innovation and startup ecosystems. Companies such as Polyera Corporation, Rieke Metals, and Solarmer Energy have developed significant DPP-TT copolymers production capabilities, supplying materials for organic field-effect transistors and flexible solar devices. In addition, research institutions and national laboratories actively support polymer development and scalability. The United States maintains a robust production capacity across lab-scale and pilot-scale levels, making it a global leader in both technology and output.

2. Germany

Germany has a strong foundation in chemical manufacturing and materials science, making it a key contributor to global DPP-TT copolymers production. Merck KGaA and Heraeus are central to the country’s output, producing high-purity DPP-TT copolymers for electronics, sensors, and OPV applications. Germany’s production capacity is also supported by advanced process engineering, regulatory infrastructure, and its status as a hub for printed electronics. German producers emphasize quality, repeatability, and industrial application-readiness, placing the country among the top in global capacity and commercial viability.

3. Japan

Japan is renowned for its deep expertise in organic electronics and polymer materials. Sumitomo Chemical plays a leading role in Japan’s DPP-TT copolymers production, focusing on large-scale synthesis and device integration. Japan’s industry is highly vertically integrated, allowing smooth transitions from lab-scale production to industrial-scale deployment. The country’s DPP-TT production supports sectors such as organic displays, solar films, and high-speed organic transistors. Japan’s production capacity is among the most sophisticated, serving both domestic electronics giants and global clients.

4. United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has developed into a significant player in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers production, primarily through advanced academic-industrial collaboration. Ossila Ltd. and Cambridge Display Technology are two key organizations contributing to the country’s output. The UK’s production focuses more on research and prototyping, serving universities and early-stage device developers. While not large in volume, the UK's DPP-TT production capacity is high in technical precision and research value, enabling global material testing and device trials.

5. Taiwan

Taiwan has rapidly advanced in organic semiconductor manufacturing, supported by its strong electronics supply chain. Raynergy Tek is one of the country’s leading DPP-TT copolymers producers, supplying materials for flexible solar cells and transistor applications. Taiwan’s production capacity is designed for both R&D and emerging commercial deployments. Its strategic focus is on materials that are compatible with roll-to-roll and inkjet printing techniques, helping to reduce production costs and enable scalability.

Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers production trends

Diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene (DPP-TT) copolymers have garnered significant attention in the field of organic electronics due to their exceptional charge-carrier mobility, thermal stability, and tunable optoelectronic properties. These characteristics make them ideal candidates for applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and flexible electronic devices. Recent trends in DPP-TT copolymers production reflect advancements in molecular design, processing techniques, and application development.

Advancements in Molecular Design

The molecular architecture of DPP-TT copolymers has been a focal point of research, aiming to enhance their electronic properties. Incorporating donor–acceptor (D–A) structures within the polymer backbone has proven effective in reducing the bandgap, thereby extending light absorption into the near-infrared region. Modifications such as introducing different aromatic linkers, including thiophene, thienothiophene, and bithiophene, have been explored to fine-tune the electronic energy levels and improve charge transport. These structural variations influence the morphology and crystallinity of the resulting polymers, which are critical factors in determining device performance.

Processing Techniques and Scalability

The scalability of DPP-TT copolymers production has been addressed through the development of solution-processable methods compatible with large-area fabrication. Techniques such as doctor blading, inkjet printing, and spray coating have been investigated for their ability to produce uniform thin films with controlled thickness and morphology. These methods are conducive to roll-to-roll manufacturing, which is essential for the commercial viability of organic electronic devices. Moreover, the use of eco-friendly solvents and the optimization of processing parameters have been emphasized to align with sustainable manufacturing practices.

Application Development and Market Trends

The application spectrum of DPP-TT copolymers has expanded beyond traditional OFETs and OPVs. Their integration into stretchable and wearable electronics has been facilitated by blending with elastomeric materials, resulting in triblock copolymers that maintain high charge mobility under mechanical deformation. Such developments are pivotal for the advancement of flexible sensors, electronic skins, and other next-generation devices. Additionally, the compatibility of DPP-TT copolymers with all-polymer photodetectors has been explored, highlighting their potential in optoelectronic applications requiring mechanical flexibility and environmental stability.

Global Production Landscape

The production of DPP-TT copolymers is concentrated in countries with robust research infrastructures and advanced chemical manufacturing capabilities. The United States, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Taiwan are among the leading producers, with companies and research institutions focusing on both fundamental studies and commercial applications. Collaborations between academia and industry have been instrumental in transitioning from laboratory-scale synthesis to pilot-scale production, addressing challenges related to material consistency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness.

[sassypizzagalaxy]

Downhole Equipment Solutions Built for Indian Oilfields

Website: https://parveen.in

India’s upstream oil and gas sector is undergoing a strategic transformation. With rising energy demands and the government’s push for energy self-reliance under initiatives like “Atmanirbhar Bharat,” domestic exploration and production (E&P) activities are accelerating. In this evolving landscape, the performance and reliability of downhole completion equipment play a pivotal role in unlocking well productivity and operational safety.

Parveen Industries, a name synonymous with trust and innovation in the oilfield equipment space, has been supporting India's leading E&P companies with high-quality downhole tools that are engineered to perform across varied geological formations—onshore and offshore. With decades of domain expertise, indigenous manufacturing capabilities, and a strong commitment to innovation, Parveen is well-positioned to be India’s go-to provider for downhole solutions.

The Critical Role of Downhole Equipment in India’s Well Lifecycle

India’s well conditions vary widely—from the high-pressure zones of Assam-Arakan to the ultra-deep Western Offshore Basin in the Arabian Sea. In such geologically complex regions, the success of drilling, completion, and production phases relies heavily on advanced downhole equipment. These tools ensure proper zonal isolation, optimal cementing, pressure control, and intervention capabilities.

Parveen’s product lineup includes:

Mechanical and hydraulic packers

Bridge plugs

Cement retainers

Flow control accessories

Completion accessories

All these are customized based on the specific well architecture and formation behavior—helping Indian operators reduce NPT (non-productive time), extend well life, and enhance hydrocarbon recovery.

Made in India for Indian Fields

While many companies rely on imported downhole tools, Parveen stands out as one of the few oilfield equipment manufacturers in India with full-fledged local production units. Our manufacturing facilities follow API, ISO, and other international quality standards, enabling us to offer:

Shorter lead times

Cost-effective customization

Local service and support

Faster delivery of spare parts and replacements

This "Made-in-India" advantage empowers operators to manage supply chain risks better and maintain uptime in remote field locations.

Downhole Innovation Meets Field Practicality

Parveen's R&D and field engineering teams continuously work with clients to refine tool designs based on real-world usage and evolving well needs. We invest in metallurgy improvements, tool modularity, and advanced sealing mechanisms that can operate in HPHT (High Pressure High Temperature) conditions—common in India’s offshore fields.

Noteworthy innovations include:

Reusable packers with dual-seal technology

Wireline set bridge plugs for rapid workover

Cement retainers with anti-swab features to reduce formation damage

These design innovations help E&P companies drive better economic outcomes from every well.

Supporting India's Energy Security Mission

With India importing more than 85% of its crude oil requirements, the need for indigenous technology partners is more critical than ever. Parveen Industries contributes to this mission by enabling operators to increase recovery factors, reduce failure rates, and optimize field development planning using reliable downhole completion equipment.

We proudly support ONGC, OIL, and several private-sector players across India, working hand-in-hand with field teams, engineers, and procurement officers to ensure optimal tool selection and deployment.

Training, Field Support & Technical Know-How

Our engagement doesn’t stop at equipment delivery. Parveen offers:

On-site tool deployment support

Field engineer training programs

Preventive maintenance guidelines

Digital manuals and virtual simulations

This ensures that field crews—whether in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, or Tripura—are empowered to use and maintain tools effectively, maximizing operational efficiency.

Choose Parveen for Downhole Equipment in India

In a sector where every minute and meter count, Parveen Industries brings decades of oilfield experience, engineering precision, and a deep understanding of Indian well conditions. Our end-to-end offering—from manufacturing to service—makes us the partner of choice for downhole reliability and efficiency.

If you’re seeking downhole tools made in India with global performance standards and local service support, Parveen Industries is ready to deliver. Explore our complete downhole equipment in India range at www.parveen.in and speak with our experts for tailored solutions.