#CIT Bank

[couponcodegroup]

[persa-tra-i-miei-pensieri]

Che gran gioia andar

Là, sulla terra e il mar

E con l'aquilon poter volare

Là dove tutto è blu

Su puoi salire tu

Più su con l'aquilon

Cit. "L'aquilone" - Mary Poppins🪁

Che gran gioia andar

Là, sulla terra e il mar

E vedere in cielo l'aquilone

Su non fermarti mai

Tu ti divertirai

Col tuo bell'aquilon

Cit. "L'aquilone" - Saving Mr. Banks🪁

[dailyanarchistposts]

J.1.3 Why are anarchists against reformism?

Firstly, it must be pointed out that the struggle for reforms within capitalism is not the same as reformism. Reformism is the idea that reforms within capitalism are enough in themselves and attempts to change the system are impossible (and not desirable). As such all anarchists are against this form of reformism — we think that the system can be (and should be) changed and until that happens any reforms, no matter how essential, will not get to the root of social problems.

In addition, particularly in the old social democratic labour movement, reformism also meant the belief that social reforms could be used to transform capitalism into socialism. In this sense, only Individualist anarchists and Mutualists can be considered reformist as they think their system of mutual banking can reform capitalism into a free system. However, in contrast to Social Democracy, such anarchists think that such reforms cannot come about via government action, but only by people creating their own alternatives and solutions by their own actions:

“But experience testifies and philosophy demonstrates, contrary to that prejudice, that any revolution, to be effective, must be spontaneous and emanate, not from the heads of the authorities but from the bowels of the people: that government is reactionary rather than revolutionary: that it could not have any expertise in revolutions, given that society, to which that secret is alone revealed, does not show itself through legislative decree but rather through the spontaneity of its manifestations: that, ultimately, the only connection between government and labour is that labour, in organising itself, has the abrogation of government as its mission.” [Proudhon, No Gods, No Master, vol. 1, p. 52]

So, anarchists oppose reformism because it takes the steam out of revolutionary movements by providing easy, decidedly short-term “solutions” to deep social problems. In this way, reformists can present the public with they’ve done and say “look, all is better now. The system worked.” Trouble is that over time, the problems will only continue to grow because the reforms did not tackle them in the first place. To use Alexander Berkman’s excellent analogy:

“If you should carry out [the reformers’] ideas in your personal life, you would not have a rotten tooth that aches pulled out all at once. You would have it pulled out a little to-day, some more next week, for several months or years, and by then you would be ready to pull it out altogether, so it should not hurt so much. That is the logic of the reformer. Don’t be ‘too hasty,’ don’t pull a bad tooth out all at once.” [What is Anarchism?, p. 64]

Rather than seek to change the root cause of the problems (namely in a hierarchical, oppressive and exploitative system), reformists try to make the symptoms better. In the words of Berkman again:

“Suppose a pipe burst in your house. You can put a bucket under the break to catch the escaping water. You can keep on putting buckets there, but as long as you do not mend the broken pipe, the leakage will continue, no matter how much you may swear about it … until you repair the broken social pipe.” [Op. Cit., pp. 67–8]

What reformism fails to do is fix the underlying root causes of the real problems society faces. Therefore, reformists try to pass laws which reduce the level of pollution rather than work to end a system in which it makes economic sense to pollute. Or they pass laws to improve working conditions and safety while failing to get rid of the wage slavery which creates the bosses whose interests are served by them ignoring those laws and regulations. The list is endless. Ultimately, reformism fails because reformists “believe in good faith that it is possible to eliminate the existing social evils by recognising and respecting, in practice if not in theory, the basic political and economic institutions which are the cause of, as well as the prop that supports these evils.” [Malatesta, Errico Malatesta: His Life and Ideas, p. 82]

Revolutionaries, in contrast to reformists, fight both symptoms and the root causes. They recognise that as long as the cause of the evil remains, any attempts to fight the symptoms, however necessary, will never get to the root of the problem. There is no doubt that we have to fight the symptoms, however revolutionaries recognise that this struggle is not an end in itself and should be considered purely as a means of increasing working class strength and social power within society until such time as capitalism and the state (i.e. the root causes of most problems) can be abolished.

Reformists also tend to objectify the people whom they are “helping”: they envision them as helpless, formless masses who need the wisdom and guidance of the “best and the brightest” to lead them to the Promised Land. Reformists mean well, but this is altruism borne of ignorance, which is destructive over the long run. Freedom cannot be given and so any attempt to impose reforms from above cannot help but ensure that people are treated as children, incapable of making their own decisions and, ultimately, dependent on bureaucrats to govern them. This can be seen from public housing. As Colin Ward argues, the “whole tragedy of publicly provided non-profit housing for rent and the evolution of this form of tenure in Britain is that the local authorities have simply taken over, though less flexibly, the role of the landlord, together with all the dependency and resentment that it engenders.” [Housing: An Anarchist Approach, p. 184] This feature of reformism was skilfully used by the right-wing to undermine publicly supported housing and other aspects of the welfare state. The reformist social-democrats reaped what they had sown.

Reformism often amounts to little more than an altruistic contempt for the masses, who are considered as little more than victims who need to be provided for by state. The idea that we may have our own visions of what we want is ignored and replaced by the vision of the reformists who enact legislation for us and make “reforms” from the top-down. Little wonder such reforms can be counter-productive — they cannot grasp the complexity of life and the needs of those subject to them. Reformists effectively say, “don’t do anything, we’ll do it for you.” You can see why anarchists would loathe this sentiment; anarchists are the consummate do-it-yourselfers, and there’s nothing reformists hate more than people who can take care of themselves, who will not let them “help” them.

Reformists may mean well, but they do not grasp the larger picture — by focusing exclusively on narrow aspects of a problem, they choose to believe that is the whole problem. In this wilfully narrow examination of pressing social ills, reformists are, more often than not, counter-productive. The disaster of the urban rebuilding projects in the United States (and similar projects in Britain which moved inter-city working class communities into edge of town developments during the 1950s and 1960s) are an example of reformism at work: upset at the growing slums, reformists supported projects that destroyed the ghettos and built brand-new housing for working class people to live in. They looked nice (initially), but they did nothing to address the problem of poverty and indeed created more problems by breaking up communities and neighbourhoods.

Logically, it makes no sense. Why dance around a problem when you can attack it directly? Reformists dilute social movements, softening and weakening them over time. The AFL-CIO labour unions in the USA, like the ones in Western Europe, killed the labour movement by narrowing and channelling labour activity and taking power from the workers themselves, where it belongs, and placing it the hands of a bureaucracy. The British Labour Party, after over 100 years of reformist practice, has done little more than manage capitalism, seen most of its reforms undermined by right-wing governments (and by the following Labour governments!) and the creation of a leadership of the party (in the shape of New Labour) which was in most ways as right-wing as the Conservative Party (if not more so, as shown once they were in power). Bakunin would not have been surprised.

Also, it is funny to hear left-wing “revolutionaries” and “radicals” put forward the reformist line that the capitalist state can help working people (indeed be used to abolish itself!). Despite the fact that leftists blame the state and capitalism for most of the problems we face, they usually turn to the capitalist state to remedy the situation, not by leaving people alone, but by becoming more involved in people’s lives. They support government housing, government jobs, welfare, government-funded and regulated child care, government-funded drug “treatment,” and other government-centred programmes and activities. If a capitalist (and racist/sexist/authoritarian) government is the problem, how can it be depended upon to change things to the benefit of working class people or other oppressed sections of the population? Surely any reforms passed by the state will not solve the problem? As Malatesta suggested:

“Governments and the privileged classes are naturally always guided by instincts of self-preservation, of consolidation and the development of their powers and privileges; and when they consent to reforms it is either because they consider that they will serve their ends or because they do not feel strong enough to resist, and give in, fearing what might otherwise be a worse alternative.” [Op. Cit., p. 81]

Therefore, reforms gained by direct action are of a different quality and nature than those passed by reformist politicians — these latter will only serve the interests of the ruling class as they do not threaten their privileges while the former have the potential for real change.

This is not to say that Anarchists oppose all state-based reforms nor that we join with the right in seeking to destroy them (or, for that matter, with “left” politicians in seeking to “reform” them, i.e., reduce them). Without a popular social movement creating alternatives to state welfare, so-called “reform” by the state almost always means attacks on the most vulnerable elements in society in the interests of capital. As anarchists are against both state and capitalism, we can oppose such reforms without contradiction while, at the same time, arguing that welfare for the rich should be abolished long before welfare for the many is even thought about. See section J.5.15 for more discussion on the welfare state and anarchist perspectives on it.

Instead of encouraging working class people to organise themselves and create their own alternatives and solutions to their problem (which can supplement, and ultimately replace, whatever welfare state activity which is actually useful), reformists and other radicals urge people to get the state to act for them. However, the state is not the community and so whatever the state does for people you can be sure it will be in its interests, not theirs. As Kropotkin put it:

“We maintain that the State organisation, having been the force to which the minorities resorted for establishing and organising their power over the masses, cannot be the force which will serve to destroy these privileges … the economic and political liberation of man will have to create new forms for its expression in life, instead of those established by the State. “Consequently, the chief aim of Anarchism is to awaken those constructive powers of the labouring masses of the people which at all great moments of history came forward to accomplish the necessary changes … “This is also why the Anarchists refuse to accept the functions of legislators or servants of the State. We know that the social revolution will not be accomplished by means of laws. Laws only follow the accomplished facts … a law remains a dead letter so long as there are not on the spot the living forces required for making of the tendencies expressed in the law an accomplished fact. “On the other hand … the Anarchists have always advised taking an active part in those workers’ organisations which carry on the direct struggle of Labour against Capital and its protector, — the State. “Such a struggle … better than any other indirect means, permits the worker to obtain some temporary improvements in the present conditions of work [and life in general], while it opens his [or her] eyes to the evil that is done by Capitalism and the State that supports it, and wakes up his [or her] thoughts concerning the possibility of organising consumption, production, and exchange without the intervention of the capitalist and the State.” [Environment and Evolution, pp. 82–3]

Therefore, while seeking reforms, anarchists are against reformism and reformists. Reforms are not seen as an end in themselves but rather a means of changing society from the bottom-up and a step in that direction:

“Each step towards economic freedom, each victory won over Capitalism will be at the same time a step towards political liberty — towards liberation from the yoke of the State … And each step towards taking from the State any one of its powers and attributes will be helping the masses to win a victory over Capitalism.” [Kropotkin, Op. Cit., p. 95]

However, no matter what, anarchists “will never recognise the institutions; we will take or win all possible reforms with the same spirit that one tears occupied territory from the enemy’s grasp in order to keep advancing, and we will always remain enemies of every government.” Therefore, it is “not true to say” that anarchists “are systematically opposed to improvements, to reforms. They oppose the reformists on the one hand because their methods are less effective for securing reforms from government and employers, who only give in through fear, and because very often the reforms they prefer are those which not only bring doubtful immediate benefits, but also serve to consolidate the existing regime and to give the workers a vested interest in its continued existence.” [Malatesta, Op. Cit., p. 81 and p. 83]

Only working class people, by our own actions and organisations, getting the state and capital out of the way can produce an improvement in our lives, indeed it is the only thing that will lead to real changes for the better. Encouraging people to rely on themselves instead of the state or capital can lead to self-sufficient, independent, and, hopefully, more rebellious people. Working class people, despite having fewer options in a number of areas in our lives, due both to hierarchy and restrictive laws, still are capable of making choices about our actions, organising our own lives and are responsible for the consequences of our decisions. We are also more than able to determine what is and is not a good reform to existing institutions and do not need politicians informing us what is in our best interests (particularly when it is the right seeking to abolish those parts of the state not geared purely to defending property). To think otherwise is to infantilise us, to consider us less fully human than other people and reproduce the classic capitalist vision of working class people as means of production, to be used, abused, and discarded as required. Such thinking lays the basis for paternalistic interventions in our lives by the state, ensuring our continued dependence and inequality — and the continued existence of capitalism and the state. Ultimately, there are two options:

“The oppressed either ask for and welcome improvements as a benefit graciously conceded, recognise the legitimacy of the power which is over them, and so do more harm than good by helping to slow down, or divert . .. the processes of emancipation. Or instead they demand and impose improvements by their action, and welcome them as partial victories over the class enemy, using them as a spur to greater achievements, and thus a valid help and a preparation to the total overthrow of privilege, that is, for the revolution.” [Malatesta, Op. Cit., p. 81]

Reformism encourages the first attitude within people and so ensures the impoverishment of the human spirit. Anarchism encourages the second attitude and so ensures the enrichment of humanity and the possibility of meaningful change. Why think that ordinary people cannot arrange their lives for themselves as well as Government people can arrange it not for themselves but for others?

[cazort]

I see a disturbing number of people, mostly millennials, these days, who have significant incomes and are starting to amass significant savings, who have terrible financial management skills. People who live at home with parents and get a full time job can accumulate money really fast. A lot of people are letting huge amounts of money, like sometimes as much as $20,000 or more, accumulate in checking accounts where it is earning either no interest or negligible interest.

Because inflation is high (over 3% these days), you are effectively losing money when it sits there. Also you're allowing the bank to profit off it; it's lending your money out to other people, often at interest rates as high as 6-7% or more, and it's not paying you for it.

If you have more than maybe around $3000 dollars in an account, you want that money earning interest. Here are things you can do to earn more from your money:

Open a savings account at a higher yield. Go to a different bank if necessary. CIT Bank has rates around 5% these days.

Pay off high interest rate debt but not low-interest rate debt. If the interest rate is above about 7-8% definitely make it a priority to pay it off ASAP. If it is above 5% it is still better to pay it off than to sit on your money. If it is much below 5%, pay it off as slowly as possible (minimum payment only) because there are risk-free ways to earn more interest on your money.

If you don't need the money in the short-term, consider a CD (Certificate of Deposit) which offers a fixed interest rate over a certain time. Often you can get a slightly higher rate by tying your money up for 3 months or 6 months or sometimes even longer. These are good options if you have a specific expenditure in your future, like perhaps moving or buying a home, but you know it won't happen until after a certain date.

Open a brokerage account. Brokerage accounts allow you to buy and sell investments such as stocks, mutual funds, or bonds, which include CD's from banks as well as treasury and municipal bonds and corporate bonds. You get more options for buying CD's (i.e. you can compare many different banks side-by-side, buy CD with the best rate, and manage multiple CD's within a single interface.) Most brokerage accounts have no fees and typically no or very low minimum investments. There is no reason not to have one if you have a few thousand dollars.

In a brokerage account, buy a money market mutual fund. Look for one with no load and no transaction fee, a high yield, and a low expense ratio, and a fixed share price of $1 per share. My two favorite are SWVXX and SNSXX. SWVXX has a higher yield (about 5.19%) whereas SNSXX has a lower yield (just over 5%) but is non-taxable on state income taxes, so SNSXX is a better choice if you have a high state tax rate, otherwise SWVXX is better.

Consider opening a Roth IRA if you haven't, and then, if able, contribute the maximum amount each year. You are allowed to make a contribution that counts towards the previous year, up until the tax filing deadline of the current year. So for example today it is Mar. 14th, 2024, so you can open a Roth IRA today and contribute the max ($6,500) for the 2023 year and also the max ($7,000) for 2024, for a total of $13,500. The main advantage of a Roth IRA is that the money in them can grow tax-free. Roth IRA's benefit anyone able to have one (the richest people are not allowed to contribute to them) and are especially important for people who are self-employed, change jobs a lot, or never work full-time, so they don't have a consistent employee-provided retirement plan.

Consider investing in stocks. Stocks are riskier (in that their price changes, and you can lose money when investing in them), but tend to have a higher yield than savings and money market accounts and funds. The simplest way to buy stocks is to buy an ETF (exchange-traded-fund). I recommend buying one that follows the S&P 500 and has a low expense ratio like SPY or VOO. Whatever you buy, reinvest the dividends and let it grow, contribute a little money every year so are putting in money even in years the market is down. On average you get about a 10% return in the market but it is unpredictable and you will lose in some years, but that's okay, you're not retiring for many decades and the money will have grown a lot by then.

There are options regardless of your risk profile. It is throwing your money away to let a lot of money sit in a checking account. At a bare minimum, go for a high-yield savings account, CD, or better yet get a brokerage account, put it in high-yield money market funds like SWVXX, shop around for CD's or other bonds with the highest rates, and if you are able to tolerate some risk and want a higher return, consider putting some money in more aggressive investments like stocks.

I am 100% for tax reform and other reform to curb the extreme concentration of wealth in the hands of a few, but it's also important to take your financial situation into your own hands. Get financially comfortable. Get a stake in the US economy. Empower yourself so you can live better and help your family, friends, and the causes you care about.

[kennak]

サンフランシスコ在住のmiyagawaさんのツイートを見ると、CIT Bankは4.75%あるっぽいな。 https://twitter.com/miyagawa/status/1648107381065396227

[B! Apple] アップル、年利4.15％の普通預金口座を「Apple Card」ユーザー向けに提供開始

[ejesgistnews]

Top Nigerian Newspaper Headlines online Today, What are the top Nigerian Newspaper Headlines for Today?  Staying updated on the latest developments in Nigeria is essential, especially in today's fast paced world. Here are the top 10 Nigerian newspaper headlines for September 19, 2024, that capture the most significant news across the country.   From breaking stories to indepth analyses, these headlines reflect the top news in Nigeria this morning. Whether you're interested in politics, business, or social issues, these latest Nigerian newspaper headlines will keep you informed. Dive into the top stories in Nigeria today and stay ahead with the latest updates.   The latest Nigerian Newspaper headlines for September 2024 Nigerian newspaper headlines for September 19, 2024: 1. EFCC Operatives Storm Kogi Govt Lodge to Arrest Yahaya Bello: The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) operatives besieged the Kogi Government Lodge in Abuja to arrest former Governor Yahaya Bello. The EFCC accused Bello of an N80 billion fraud. Despite Bello’s voluntary visit to the EFCC headquarters earlier in the day, the operatives attempted a forceful arrest at night, leading to sporadic gunfire. 2. Benue Governor Hands Over Diverted Palliatives to EFCC: Governor Hyacinth Alia of Benue State handed over a truckload of confiscated palliatives to the EFCC and ICPC. These palliatives, meant for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in the Kwande/Ushongo federal constituency, were found being offloaded at a private residence in Makurdi. The governor urged thorough investigation into the matter. 3. NAFDAC Confiscates Unsafe Drugs in Borno: The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), along with the Borno State Ministry of Health, seized unsafe drugs worth millions of Naira from warehouses in Maiduguri. These drugs were damaged by recent floods and posed significant health risks. 4. INEC Rejects Julius Abure as Labour Party National Chairman: The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) refused to recognize Julius Abure as the National Chairman of the Labour Party, stating that his tenure expired in June 2024. INEC declared the March 2024 National Convention that re-elected Abure as chairman invalid due to violations of the Nigerian Constitution and the Electoral Act. 5. APC Alleges INEC Staff Plotting to Compromise Edo Election: The All Progressives Congress (APC) in Edo State accused three INEC staff members of plotting to compromise the upcoming governorship election. The APC alleged that these officials were collaborating with the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) to rig the election. 6. NACCIMA Faults NBS Data on Nigeria’s Inflation Rate: The Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines, and Agriculture (NACCIMA) criticized the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) for reporting a consecutive monthly drop in inflation. NACCIMA argued that the figures did not reflect the current economic realities, citing high commodity prices and fuel costs. 7. CBN Appoints New Chairman for Keystone Bank: The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) reconstituted the board of Keystone Bank Limited, appointing Ada Chukwudozie as the new chairman. This move is part of efforts to strengthen the bank’s operations and ensure sustained business growth. 8. 14 Killed in Lebanon Explosions Linked to Walkie-Talkies: Explosions involving walkie-talkies killed 14 people and injured over 450 in Lebanon. These incidents occurred during a funeral for Hezbollah members killed by pager explosions the previous day. The explosions have heightened tensions in the region. 9. Man City and Inter Milan Play Goalless Draw in UCL Opener In their UEFA Champions League opener on September 18, 2024, Manchester City and Inter Milan played to a goalless draw at the Etihad Stadium. Match Highlights: Manchester City dominated possession but struggled to break down Inter Milan’s solid defense. Inter Milan created several clear chances on the counter-attack but were unable to convert them into goals.

Kevin De Bruyne was substituted at half-time due to an injury, which could be a concern for City’s upcoming matches. Ilkay Gundogan missed two late chances with headers that could have secured a win for City. Both teams showed strong defensive performances, making it a tense and competitive match. 10. FG Unveils Plans to Harness Nigeria’s Marine Resources The Federal Government of Nigeria has announced comprehensive plans to harness the country’s marine resources for economic diversification. This initiative, led by the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy, aims to develop sectors such as fisheries, renewable energy, and biodiversity. Key aspects of the plan include: Partnership with the United Nations: The government is collaborating with the UN to enhance research, technology development, and sustainable use of marine resources. Economic Growth and Job Creation: The initiative is expected to create jobs and foster economic growth by tapping into the vast potential of Nigeria’s marine resources. Deep Seabed Exploration: Plans include exploring and mining the deep seabed to discover new revenue streams. Environmental Sustainability: Efforts will be made to ensure the sustainable use of ocean resources, preserving the ecosystem while promoting economic activities. That is all for today on Nigerian Newspaper Headlines. Click here more Naija News. [caption id="attachment_141833" align="alignnone" width="650"] Nigerian Newspaper Headlines photo file[/caption]

[sameerrazobyte]

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[industrynewsupdates]

Cash-in-Transit Services Procurement Intelligence: Driving Business Growth

The cash-in-transit (CIT) services category is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.9% from 2023 to 2030. APAC region holds the largest share in this category. The cash-in-transit service category is driven by a number of factors which includes the increasing number of totally automated cash-in-transit machines in developing countries, the rise in acceptance of virtual money, the large risk of demolition of banknotes due to physical damage, the increasing flow of cash in the vault for cash management, the rising deployment of ATMs, the increasing cash demand from emerging economies, and the increasing income of the population. These factors are expected to boost the growth of the category in the forecast period.

Mobile ATMs are a new trend in the CIT service category. These ATMs can be moved from location to location. This makes them ideal for meeting consumer demand in areas where there are no traditional ATMs. Major companies operating in this category are focused on introducing mobile ATMs. For instance, in May 2021, HDFC Bank, an Indian banking company, deployed mobile ATMs to provide innovative services to its customers. The mobile ATMs eliminate the need for people to withdraw cash in limited or sealed locations. Thus, customers can complete more than 15 different types of transactions using the mobile ATM.

The cash-in-transit (CIT) industry is highly competitive, with the top five suppliers constituting to more than 50 percent of the global market. Brink's is the leading supplier, followed by Prosegur, Loomis, Garda World, and G4S. More than 500 regional or local suppliers occupy the other 44 percent of the market. This supply landscape makes it favorable for mergers and further industry consolidation. The undifferentiated nature of services in the CIT industry forces suppliers to reduce prices to beat the competition. For instance,

• In July 2022, Prosegur Cash and Armaguard Group have agreed to merge in order to form a sustainable and secure cash-in-transit business in Australia.

The largest cost components in the CIT services industry are labor, vehicles, insurance, and technology. These costs are incurred due to the need for highly trained and experienced personnel, specialized vehicles, and specialized technology to safely transport cash. The cost of labor is the largest cost component, accounting for an estimated 60-70% of total costs. This is due to the need for highly trained and experienced personnel to safely transport cash. The cost of vehicles is the second largest cost component due to the need for specialized vehicles that are designed to safely transport cash. The cost of armored vehicles varies between USD 25,000 to 80,000 depending on the size, capacity, and other particular specifications of the vehicle.

Order your copy of the Cash-in-Transit Services Procurement Intelligence Report, 2023 - 2030, published by Grand View Research, to get more details regarding day one, quick wins, portfolio analysis, key negotiation strategies of key suppliers, and low-cost/best-cost sourcing analysis

Cash handling and transaction services can be outsourced to specialists who can provide these services with precision and security. This is because specialist service providers can continuously implement new technologies, such as the CIT Tracker, which is a covert device that alerts security personnel when theft occurs. The CIT Tracker also supports in recovering assets and apprehending criminals. Both India and China have a large workforce and a low cost of labor. This means that the cost of cash-in-transit services in these countries is relatively low. Additionally, there are many local manufacturers of armored vehicles in both countries, which further lowers the cost of vehicles. The cost of insurance is also relatively low in both countries. For sourcing CIT services, in addition to doing research and getting quotes, organizations can also get recommendations from peers, look for providers accredited by industry associations, and ask about contingency plans in case of incidents such as thefts. These are all good ways to ensure that a cash-in-transit provider meets high standards and can protect cash in the event of an emergency. 

Cash-in-Transit Services Procurement Intelligence Report Scope

• Cash-in-Transit Services Category Growth Rate: CAGR of 7.9% from 2023 to 2030

• Pricing growth Outlook: 6 - 8% (annual)

• Pricing Models: Fixed fee pricing model, Unit pricing model, Value-based pricing model

• Supplier Selection Scope: Cost and pricing, Past engagements, Productivity, Geographical presence

• Supplier selection criteria: Pricing, reputation, compliance, security, technical specifications, operational capabilities, regulatory standards and mandates, category innovations, and others

• Report Coverage: Revenue forecast, supplier ranking, supplier matrix, emerging technology, pricing models, cost structure, competitive landscape, growth factors, trends, engagement, and operating model

Browse through Grand View Research’s collection of procurement intelligence studies:

• ATM Services Procurement Intelligence Report, 2023 - 2030 (Revenue Forecast, Supplier Ranking & Matrix, Emerging Technologies, Pricing Models, Cost Structure, Engagement & Operating Model, Competitive Landscape)

• Payment Processing Solutions Procurement Intelligence Report, 2023 - 2030 (Revenue Forecast, Supplier Ranking & Matrix, Emerging Technologies, Pricing Models, Cost Structure, Engagement & Operating Model, Competitive Landscape)

Key companies profiled

• Brink’s Incorporated

• Cash Logistik Security AG

• CMS Info Systems Ltd.

• G4S Limited

• GardaWorld

• Global Security Logistic Co.

• Security and Intelligence Services Ltd.

• Loomis AB

• Prosegur

• Cash in Transit Solutions Pty Ltd.

Brief about Pipeline by Grand View Research:

A smart and effective supply chain is essential for growth in any organization. Pipeline division at Grand View Research provides detailed insights on every aspect of supply chain, which helps in efficient procurement decisions.

Our services include (not limited to):

• Market Intelligence involving – market size and forecast, growth factors, and driving trends

• Price and Cost Intelligence – pricing models adopted for the category, total cost of ownerships

• Supplier Intelligence – rich insight on supplier landscape, and identifies suppliers who are dominating, emerging, lounging, and specializing

• Sourcing / Procurement Intelligence – best practices followed in the industry, identifying standard KPIs and SLAs, peer analysis, negotiation strategies to be utilized with the suppliers, and best suited countries for sourcing to minimize supply chain disruptions

[maharghaideovate]

Top 10 Popular Correspondence Courses at Sikkim Manipal University

Sikkim Manipal University (SMU) is renowned for its wide array of correspondence courses that cater to various academic and professional needs. These programs are designed to provide flexible learning opportunities for students who cannot pursue traditional on-campus education. In this blog, we will highlight the top 10 popular Sikkim Manipal University Correspondence Courses and explore the career opportunities associated with each course.

1. Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Overview: The MBA program at SMU is one of the most popular courses, offering specializations in Marketing, Finance, Human Resource Management, and Information Systems.

Career Opportunities: Graduates can pursue careers as business managers, financial analysts, marketing managers, HR managers, and IT consultants. The versatile nature of an MBA opens doors to various sectors including banking, consulting, healthcare, and technology.

2. Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)

Overview: The BBA course provides a solid foundation in business principles and practices, preparing students for managerial roles.

Career Opportunities: Graduates can start their careers in roles such as business development executives, marketing coordinators, sales managers, and financial analysts. This degree also serves as a stepping stone to an MBA.

3. Master of Computer Applications (MCA)

Overview: The MCA program is designed for students aiming to delve deep into computer applications and software development.

Career Opportunities: MCA graduates can work as software developers, systems analysts, IT consultants, and project managers. The IT industry offers a plethora of opportunities in both multinational corporations and startups.

4. Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)

Overview: This undergraduate course focuses on computer applications, providing a strong foundation for a career in IT.

Career Opportunities: BCA graduates can pursue roles such as software developers, network administrators, database managers, and web developers. The degree also paves the way for advanced studies like MCA or MSc IT.

5. Master of Science in Information Technology (MSc IT)

Overview: The MSc IT program focuses on advanced IT concepts and applications, ideal for those looking to specialize further.

Career Opportunities: Graduates can become IT managers, systems analysts, data scientists, and information security analysts. The demand for skilled IT professionals continues to grow, making this a lucrative field.

6. Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and Mass Communication (BA JMC)

Overview: This course provides comprehensive training in journalism and mass communication, covering both theoretical and practical aspects.

Career Opportunities: Graduates can work as journalists, media planners, public relations officers, content writers, and broadcasters. The media industry offers dynamic and diverse career paths.

7. Post Graduate Diploma in Business Administration (PGDBA)

Overview: The PGDBA is a shorter, intensive program that equips students with essential business administration skills.

Career Opportunities: PGDBA holders can find roles in management, consulting, marketing, and operations. This diploma is particularly beneficial for professionals seeking to enhance their business acumen quickly.

8. Certificate in Information Technology (CIT)

Overview: The CIT course is designed to impart basic IT skills, suitable for beginners.

Career Opportunities: Graduates can start their careers as IT support specialists, help desk technicians, and junior software developers. It also provides a foundation for further studies in IT.

9. Master of Commerce (MCom)

Overview: The MCom program focuses on advanced commerce and financial concepts, preparing students for specialized roles in commerce.

Career Opportunities: MCom graduates can work as financial analysts, accountants, auditors, tax consultants, and financial planners. This degree is highly valued in finance and accounting sectors.

10. Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSc IT)

Overview: The BSc IT course provides a strong foundation in IT, covering key concepts and practical applications.

Career Opportunities: Graduates can pursue careers as software developers, IT support specialists, network administrators, and data analysts. The IT sector continues to offer robust job prospects for graduates.

Conclusion

Sikkim Manipal University's correspondence courses offer a diverse range of opportunities for students and professionals seeking flexible and quality education. These programs not only provide the knowledge and skills needed for various careers but also ensure that graduates are well-prepared for the dynamic job market. Whether you are looking to start your career or advance in your current role, SMU's popular correspondence courses can help you achieve your goals.

[excelrthane1]

How Mumbai became the hub of Financial applications of Data Science in India

Nestled along the Arabian Sea, Mumbai stands as the pulsating heart of India's financial landscape. With its rising skyscrapers and bustling streets, the city has earned its popularity as the country's economic capital. However, what truly sets Mumbai apart is its pioneering role in harnessing the power of data science to drive innovation and transformation in the financial sector. From algorithmic trading to risk management, data science applications in Mumbai's financial ecosystem have reshaped how businesses operate and investors make decisions. For those looking to tap into this dynamic field, enrolling in a data science course in Mumbai is the gateway to a world of opportunities.

1. The Rise of Fintech

Mumbai's ascent as a hub for financial applications of data science depends on the rise of fintech startups that have disrupted traditional banking and financial services. These innovative companies leverage cutting-edge technologies, including data science and machine learning, to offer personalised solutions for everything from payments and lending to wealth management. By analysing substantial transactional data and customer behaviour patterns, fintech firms in Mumbai can tailor their offerings to satiate the evolving needs of consumers and businesses alike. Enrolling in a data science course in Mumbai gives aspiring fintech entrepreneurs the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in this fast-paced industry.

2. Algorithmic Trading and Quantitative Finance

In the high-stakes world of finance, every millisecond counts, and Mumbai's financial institutions are at the forefront of leveraging data science to gain a competitive edge in algorithmic trading. By harnessing complex algorithms and predictive analytics, traders can quickly identify lucrative opportunities and execute trades. Moreover, quantitative finance professionals use data science techniques to model financial markets, assess risk, and optimise investment portfolios. With Mumbai's status as home to India's leading stock exchanges and financial institutions, enrolling in a data science course in Mumbai offers aspiring traders and quantitative analysts a unique opportunity to delve into the intricacies of algorithmic trading and quantitative finance.

3. Risk Management and Compliance

In an increasingly interconnected and regulated financial environment, effective risk management and compliance are essential to the stability and integrity of the industry. Mumbai's financial institutions rely on data science to assess and mitigate various types of risk, including credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. Risk managers can anticipate potential threats by analysing historical data, employing advanced risk modelling techniques and implementing proactive measures to safeguard their organisations. Furthermore, data science is crucial in ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and detecting fraudulent activities. Enrolling in a data scientist course equips risk management professionals with the tools to navigate the complex landscape of financial risk and compliance.

4. Personalised Financial Services

Gone are the days of one-size-fits-all financial products and services. Mumbai's financial institutions are embracing data science to offer personalised solutions tailored to individual customers' unique needs and preferences. Banks and financial advisors can provide targeted recommendations for everything from investment strategies to insurance coverage by analysing demographic data, transaction histories, and social media interactions. This personalised approach enhances customer satisfaction and drives customer loyalty and retention. Enrolling in a data scientist course empowers financial professionals to leverage data-driven insights to deliver unparalleled value to their clients.

5. Driving Innovation and Growth

As Mumbai solidifies its position as a global financial hub, the city's embrace of data science fuels a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship in the financial sector. From blockchain technology to predictive analytics, fintech startups and established institutions are exploring new frontiers and pushing the boundaries of what's possible. By fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing, Mumbai's vibrant ecosystem of financial institutions, tech companies, and academic institutions is driving innovation and shaping the future of finance. Enrolling in a data science course provides aspiring innovators the skills and resources they need to be at the forefront of this transformative journey.

In conclusion, Mumbai's evolution into the hub of financial applications of data science in India is a testament to the city's entrepreneurial spirit, innovation-driven mindset, and unwavering commitment to excellence. By enrolling in a data science course in Mumbai, individuals can immerse themselves in this dynamic ecosystem and embark on a journey of discovery and growth. As Mumbai continues to redefine the boundaries of finance through data science, the opportunities for innovation and impact are limitless, paving the way for a brighter and more prosperous future for all.

Business name: ExcelR- Data Science, Data Analytics, Business Analytics Course Training Mumbai

Address: 304, 3rd Floor, Pratibha Building. Three Petrol pump, Lal Bahadur Shastri Rd, opposite Manas Tower, Pakhdi, Thane West, Thane, Maharashtra 400602

Phone: 09108238354,

Email: enquiry@excelr.com

[ramadaahmedabad]

A Traveller’s Guide to Top 20 Places to Visit in Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad is now a UNESCO World Heritage City and a top destination for foreign tourists visiting Gujarat. Out of the 1.54 million foreign tourists who came to Gujarat in the first eight months of 2023, the largest group, totaling 353,000, chose to visit Ahmedabad. Now you will ask us which are the best places to visit in Ahmedabad? 

We will now showcase Top 20 Places to Visit Ahmedabad that has ensured the ongoing surge in Tourist traffic in the capital city of Gujarat.

Top 20 Places to Visit in Ahmedabad  

1. The Sabarmati Ashram

The Sabarmati Ashram holds a special place in India’s history as Mahatma Gandhi’s peaceful haven during the struggle for independence. Among Ahmedabad best tourist places, in this place Mahatma Gandhi developed his philosophy of non-violence and led various movements for social reform. Visitors can explore his humble living quarters, the spinning wheel and things that he used, how he practiced simplicity and self-reliance. Come out and you can take a stroll along the peaceful banks of the Sabarmati River Front.

2. Bhadra Fort, Ahmedabad

The Bhadra Fort is also Top 20 places to visit in Ahmedabad  and its emblem of rich cultural heritage, with its imposing gates and magnificent palaces. Built by Sultan Ahmad Shah (from whom comes the name Ahmedabad) in the 15th century, the fort served as the seat of power for centuries. Inside, you’ll find the elegant Bhadrakali Temple. The blend of Hindu and Islamic architectural styles in the Bhadra Fort are an ideal example of how this city has had diverse cultural influences over the centuries.

3. Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad

The Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad comes as a striking example of Islamic architecture in the city that dates back to the early 15th century. Its towering minarets and intricately carved pillars draw visitors from far and wide. Inside the mosque, the grand prayer hall is adorned with stunning motifs and Islamic calligraphy. Visitors from all religions come here just to catch the glimpse of the grand architectural wonder and the fine artistry of this historic place of worship and top Places to visit in Ahmedabad.

4. Rani no Hajiro, Ahmendabad

Rani-no-Hajiro means the Queen’s Shopping Place is a bustling market within Ahmedabad’s old city. Travellers get a unique glimpse into the city’s vibrant street life, clothes, traditional decor and cultural heritage. The narrow lanes are lined with colorful stalls selling everything from traditional textiles to aromatic spices and street food delicacies. When you are hungry, don’t miss the authentic Gujarati cuisine. It’s a sensory delight for travelers seeking an authentic Indian shopping experience.

5. Jhulta Minar, Ahmedabad

The Jhulta Minar is among the rare and very fascinating Ahmedabad tourist places due to its “Shaking Minarets.” Located within the Sidi Bashir Mosque complex, the minarets appear to sway independently when one is shaken, despite being connected by a series of intricate arches and corridors. A perplexing shaking architectural phenomenon that has puzzled visitors for centuries! Now one knows the exact mechanism behind this optical illusion; it still remains a mystery even for historians and scientists. 

6. Adalaj Step Well, Ahmedabad

Another of Ahmedabad’s best tourist places is the Adalaj Step Well, Ahmedabad. A marvel of Gujarat’s ancient hydraulic engineering and architectural prowess, the Adala Was constructed in the 15th century. It is actually a very steep and deep step well that served as a vital source of water and a gathering place for local communities. Its intricate carvings, ornate pillars, and elaborate galleries showcase the artistic brilliance of its craftsmen. Earlier visitors could descend into the depths of the well, marveling at the interplay of light and shadow amidst its subterranean chambers. But now it can be seen from the top only, to avoid any mishaps. Do not miss visiting the place, when you next come to our city looking for its Top 20 places to visit in Ahmedabad !

7. The Pols, Ahmedabad

The last among the top seven key historical marvels of the city are The Pols of Ahmedabad. They are again a very unique feature of Ahmedabad’s old city. These are actually nothing but very tightly knit clusters of centuries-old houses organised around narrow lanes and ornately carved wooden facades. But what sets them apart is their own distinct character and community spirit, with residents preserving age-old traditions and customs even in the 21st Century. You will get the real taste of food and culture of Gujarat here, amidst this bustling urban city. We will not tell you all, come and see the mystery yourself.

8. Vastrapur Lake, Ahmendabad

Among the Top 20 places to visit in Ahmedabad are its three lakes as well starting with the Vastrapur Lake, Ahmedabad. A serene oasis amidst Ahmedabad’s urban hustle and bustle, offering a peaceful retreat for locals and tourists alike. The sprawling lake is surrounded by lush greens, providing a very peaceful setting for leisurely walks and picnics. Visitors can rent paddle boats or simply relax on the lakeside, enjoying the scenic views. The lakeside also had jogging tracks, gardens, and evening light shows, making it a very popular places to visit in Ahmedabad for recreation and relaxation.

9. Kankaria Lake, Ahmedabad

The second lake is the famous Kankaria Lake, which is comparatively smaller but offers a host of activities for visitors of all ages. The lakefront promenade is lined with vibrant gardens, amusement park rides, and food stalls serving local delicacies. Boating on the lake is a popular pastime for the locals. For those who come to visit from outside, the annual Kankaria Carnival every December adds to the festive atmosphere, with cultural performances, musical concerts, and fireworks lighting up the night sky.

10. ISKCON Temple, Ahmendabad

The ISKCON Temple, Ahmedabad, dedicated to Lord Krishna, needs no details. Being world famous and attracting devotees and visitors seeking solace and enlightenment, the temple has become synonymous with the city’s name in Ahmedabad best tourist places. The temple’s architecture has awe-inspiring  carvings and vibrant murals depicting scenes from Hindu mythology. Visitors can participate in daily rituals, attend devotional ceremonies, or simply explore the temple’s serene surroundings. Here you get a sense of peace and transcendence.

11. Hutheesing Jain Temple, Ahmedabad

Next on the list of Top 20 places to visit in Ahmedabad, is the Hutheesing Jain Temple. A masterpiece of Jain architecture, dedicated to Lord Adinath, the first Jain tirthankara. The temple has a very magnificent and ornate marble facade showcasing the culturally rich craftsmanship of Gujarat’s artisans. The beautifully sculpted pillars, domes, and idols depicting Jain deities, just add to the grandeur. A sacred pilgrimage site for followers of Jainism, it is thronged by national and international tourists alike as the top Places to visit in Ahmedabad.

12. Sidi Saiyyed Mosque, Ahmedabad

The Sidi Saiyyed Mosque, Ahmedabad which is world-famous for its extremely fine stone lattice-work windows, or jalis. These adorn its facades as well as the vast prayer hall. Built in the 16th century, the mosque is a masterpiece of Indo-Islamic architecture with extremely fine, hand sculpted geometric patterns and delicate filigree work. Such work is now seen only on clothes via machines. Imagine what kind of efforts it would have taken to do that on stones! The highlight of the mosque is the iconic “Tree of Life” jali, featuring intertwining branches and foliage that symbolize the eternal cycle of life creation and deathl. A rare wonder amidst the mosque’s serene surroundings.

13. Swaminarayan Temple, Ahmedabad

Among the other top spiritual places to visit in Ahmedabad, the Swaminarayan Temple is a symbol of world-famous, intricate architectural grandeur, attracting pilgrims and tourists alike. The temple’s magnificent marble structure has such extremely fine carvings that you will have a mouth wide open with each turn of the vastness. The temple complex also houses gardens, cultural exhibitions, and a spiritual bookstore, offering a holistic experience for visitors seeking solace and enlightenment.

14. The Atal Bridge, Ahmedabad

The Atal Bridge, Ahmedabad is not just a functional structure but a modern marvel of engineering connecting Ahmedabad’s old towns to its new regions and new Ahmedabad. Spanning the Sabarmati River, the bridge offers panoramic views of the city skyline and now a very famous riverfront. Its sleek design and lighted-up facades create a very captivating view especially during the evening when the city lights up. Walking or driving across the bridge is an amazing delight.

15. Vaishno Devi Temple in Ahmedabad

The Vaishno Devi Temple in Ahmedabad is dedicated to Goddess Vaishno Devi who rests in the Himalayas of Jammu. Among the best places to visit in Ahmedabad and a replica of the original in terms of the sanctum-sanctorum. The temple’s serene ambiance and tranquil surroundings provide a peaceful retreat for meditation thereby fostering a sense of devotion and inner calm among its visitors.

16. Kankaria Zoo, Ahmendabad

When we talk of Ahmedabad’s best tourist places, how can Kankaria Zoo be left behind? A haven for wildlife enthusiasts, home to a vast mix of exotic animals and birds from around the world. From majestic lions to playful primates, and colorful avian species – the zoo is a good insight into conservation efforts and wildlife conservation. It’s an ideal destination for families, offering both entertainment and educational opportunities for young and old alike.

17. Auto World Vintage Car Museum, Ahmedabad

Auto World Vintage Car Museum, Ahmedabad is that rare and Top 20 places to visit in Ahmedabad, which you must never miss out. A gem of automotive history, housing a stunning collection of classic cars and vintage vehicles from around the world. They have rare automobiles dating back to the early 19th and 20th century, including sleek sports cars, elegant limousines, and iconic models from renowned manufacturers. Each vehicle is amazingly restored to its original glory, providing a glimpse into the golden age of automotive design and craftsmanship.

18. Calico Museum of Textiles, Ahmedabad

Another Ahmedabad best tourist place that you must never miss out on is the Calico Museum of Textiles. In Gujarat and India we call it the MECCA of textile enthusiasts and connoisseurs. It has a collection of more than 5000 plus rare fabrics, garments, and artifacts spanning centuries of Indian craftsmanship. Visitors can admire exquisite hand-woven textiles, very delicately hand-done embroideries, and ancient dyeing techniques preserved in original condition. Guided tours and educational programs provide a deeper understanding of the textile heritage that has shaped India’s cultural identity.

19. Science City, Ahmedabad

Among the immense crowd-pulling Ahmedabad tourist places is the Gujarat Science City, Ahmedabad. It is the hub of scientific exploration and interactive learning, offering engaging exhibits and educational programs for visitors of all ages. The sprawling complex features thematic pavilions dedicated to various branches of science, technology, and innovation. From astronomy to robotics, the visitors can participate in hands-on experiments, science demonstrations, and immersive multimedia experiences that showcase the wonders of the natural world and the marvels of human ingenuity. 

20. Law Garden Night Market

And when you are done with all, every evening you can come down to the Law Garden Night Market. It is among the must goto places to visit in Ahmedabad, because it is renowned for its eclectic mix of handicrafts, textiles, and traditional Gujarati artifacts, making it a paradise for souvenir hunters and bargain seekers. A vibrant bazaar that comes to life after dark, offering a kaleidoscope of colors, flavors, and aromas that tantalize the senses. Live music performances and cultural shows just add to the festive atmosphere, making it a must-visit among the Top 20 places to visit in Ahmedabad.

Source: https://ramadaahmedabad.com/blogs/places-to-visit-in-ahmedabad/

[dailyanarchistposts]

I.1.1 Is socialism impossible?

In 1920, the right-wing economist Ludwig von Mises declared socialism to be impossible. A leading member of the “Austrian” school of economics, he argued this on the grounds that without private ownership of the means of production, there cannot be a competitive market for production goods and without a market for production goods, it is impossible to determine their values. Without knowing their values, economic rationality is impossible and so a socialist economy would simply be chaos: “the absurd output of a senseless apparatus.” For Mises, socialism meant central planning with the economy “subject to the control of a supreme authority.” [“Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth”, pp. 87–130, Collectivist Economic Planning, F.A von Hayek (ed.), p. 104 and p. 106] While applying his “economic calculation argument” to Marxist ideas of a future socialist society, his argument, it is claimed, is applicable to all schools of socialist thought, including libertarian ones. It is on the basis of his arguments that many right-wingers claim that libertarian (or any other kind of) socialism is impossible in principle.

Yet as David Schweickart observes ”[i]t has long been recognised that Mises’s argument is logically defective. Even without a market in production goods, their monetary values can be determined.” [Against Capitalism, p. 88] In other words, economic calculation based on prices is perfectly possible in a libertarian socialist system. After all, to build a workplace requires so many tonnes of steel, so many bricks, so many hours of work and so on. If we assume a mutualist society, then the prices of these goods can be easily found as the co-operatives in question would be offer their services on the market. These commodities would be the inputs for the construction of production goods and so the latter’s monetary values can be found.

Ironically enough, Mises did mention the idea of such a mutualist system in his initial essay. “Exchange relations between production-goods can only be established on the basis of private ownership of the means of production” he asserted. “When the ‘coal syndicate’ provides the ‘iron syndicate’ with coal, no price can be formed, except when both syndicates are the owners of the means of production employed in their business. This would not be socialisation but workers’ capitalism and syndicalism.” [Op. Cit., p. 112] However, his argument is flawed for numerous reasons.

First, and most obvious, socialisation (as we discuss in section I.3.3) simply means free access to the means of life. As long as those who join a workplace have the same rights and liberties as existing members then there is socialisation. A market system of co-operatives, in other words, is not capitalist as there is no wage labour involved as a new workers become full members of the syndicate, with the same rights and freedoms as existing members. Thus there are no hierarchical relationships between owners and wage slaves (even if these owners also happen to work there). As all workers’ control the means of production they use, it is not capitalism.

Second, nor is such a system usually called, as Mises suggests, “syndicalism” but rather mutualism and he obviously considered its most famous advocate, Proudhon and his “fantastic dreams” of a mutual bank, as a socialist. [Op. Cit., p. 88] Significantly, Mises subsequently admitted that it was “misleading” to call syndicalism workers’ capitalism, although “the workers are the owners of the means of production” it was “not genuine socialism, that is, centralised socialism”, as it “must withdraw productive goods from the market. Individual citizens must not dispose of the shares in the means of production which are allotted to them.” Syndicalism, i.e., having those who do the work control of it, was “the ideal of plundering hordes”! [Socialism, p. 274fn, p. 270, p. 273 and p. 275]

His followers, likewise, concluded that “syndicalism” was not capitalism with Hayek stating that there were “many types of socialism” including “communism, syndicalism, guild socialism”. Significantly, he indicated that Mises argument was aimed at systems based on the “central direction of all economic activity” and so “earlier systems of more decentralised socialism, like guild-socialism or syndicalism, need not concern us here since it seems now to be fairly generally admitted that they provide no mechanism whatever for a rational direction of economic activity.” [“The Nature and History of the Problem”, pp. 1–40, Collectivist Economic Planning, F.A von Hayek (ed.),p. 17, p. 36 and p. 19] Sadly he failed to indicate who “generally admitted” such a conclusion. More recently, Murray Rothbard urged the state to impose private shares onto the workers in the former Stalinist regimes of Eastern Europe as ownership was “not to be granted to collectives or co-operatives or workers or peasants holistically, which would only bring back the ills of socialism in a decentralised and chaotic syndicalist form.” [The Logic of Action II, p. 210]

Third, syndicalism usually refers to a strategy (revolutionary unionism) used to achieve (libertarian) socialism rather than the goal itself (as Mises himself noted in a tirade against unions, “Syndicalism is nothing else but the French word for trade unionism” [Socialism, p. 480]). It could be argued that such a mutualist system could be an aim for some syndicalists, although most were and still are in favour of libertarian communism (a simple fact apparently unknown to Mises). Indeed, Mises ignorance of syndicalist thought is striking, asserting that the “market is a consumers’ democracy. The syndicalists want to transform it into a producers’ democracy.” [Human Action, p. 809] Most syndicalists, however, aim to abolish the market and all aim for workers’ control of production to complement (not replace) consumer choice. Syndicalists, like other anarchists, do not aim for workers’ control of consumption as Mises asserts. Given that Mises asserts that the market, in which one person can have a thousand votes and another one, is a “democracy” his ignorance of syndicalist ideas is perhaps only one aspect of a general ignorance of reality.

More importantly, the whole premise of his critique of mutualism is flawed. “Exchange relations in productive goods” he asserted, “can only be established on the basis of private property in the means of production. If the Coal Syndicate delivers coal to the Iron Syndicate a price can be fixed only if both syndicates own the means of production in industry.” [Socialism, p. 132] This may come as a surprise to the many companies whose different workplaces sell each other their products! In other words, capitalism itself shows that workplaces owned by the same body (in this case, a large company) can exchange goods via the market. That Mises makes such a statement indicates well the firm basis of his argument in reality. Thus a socialist society can have extensive autonomy for its co-operatives, just as a large capitalist firm can:

“the entrepreneur is in a position to separate the calculation of each part of his total enterprise in such a way that he can determine the role it plays within his whole enterprise. Thus he can look at each section as if it were a separate entity and can appraise it according to the share it contributes to the success of the total enterprise. Within this system of business calculation each section of a firm represents an integral entity, a hypothetical independent business, as it were. It is assumed that this section ‘owns’ a definite part of the whole capital employed in the enterprise, that it buys from other sections and sells to them, that it has its own expenses and its own revenues, that its dealings result either in a profit or in a loss which is imputed to its own conduct of affairs as distinguished from the result of the other sections. Thus the entrepreneur can assign to each section’s management a great deal of independence … Every manager and submanager is responsible for the working of his section or subsection. It is to his credit if the accounts show a profit, and it is to his disadvantage if they show a loss. His own interests impel him toward the utmost care and exertion in the conduct of his section’s affairs.” [Human Action, pp. 301–2]

So much, then, for the notion that common ownership makes it impossible for market socialism to work. After all, the libertarian community can just as easily separate the calculation of each part of its enterprise in such a way as to determine the role each co-operative plays in its economy. It can look at each section as if it were a separate entity and appraise it according to the share it contributes as it is assumed that each section “owns” (i.e., has use rights over) its definite part. It can then buy from, and sell to, other co-operatives and a profit or loss can be imputed to evaluate the independent action of each co-operative and so their own interests impel the co-operative workers toward the utmost care and exertion in the conduct of their co-operative’s affairs.

So to refute Mises, we need only repeat what he himself argued about large corporations! Thus there can be extensive autonomy for workplaces under socialism and this does not in any way contradict the fact that “all the means of production are the property of the community.” [“Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth”, Op. Cit., p. 89] Socialisation, in other words, does not imply central planning but rather free access and free association. In summary, then, Mises confused property rights with use rights, possession with property, and failed to see now a mutualist system of socialised co-operatives exchanging products can be a viable alternative to the current exploitative and oppressive economic regime.

Such a mutualist economy also strikes at the heart of Mises’ claims that socialism was “impossible.” Given that he accepted that there may be markets, and hence market prices, for consumer goods in a socialist economy his claims of the impossibility of socialism seems unfounded. For Mises, the problem for socialism was that “because no production-good will ever become the object of exchange, it will be impossible to determine its monetary value.” [Op. Cit., p. 92] The flaw in his argument is clear. Taking, for example, coal, we find that it is both a means of production and of consumption. If a market in consumer goods is possible for a socialist system, then competitive prices for production goods is also possible as syndicates producing production-goods would also sell the product of their labour to other syndicates or communes. As Mises admitted when discussing one scheme of guild socialism, “associations and sub-associations maintain a mutual exchange-relationship; they receive and give as if they were owners. Thus a market and market-prices are formed.” Thus, when deciding upon a new workplace, railway or house, the designers in question do have access to competitive prices with which to make their decisions. Nor does Mises’ argument work against communal ownership in such a system as the commune would be buying products from syndicates in the same way as one part of a company can buy products from another part of the same company under capitalism. That goods produced by self-managed syndicates have market-prices does not imply capitalism for, as they abolish wage labour and are based on free-access (socialisation), it is a form of socialism (as socialists define it, Mises’ protestations that “this is incompatible with socialism” not-with-standing!). [Socialism, p. 518]

Murray Rothbard suggested that a self-managed system would fail, and a system “composed exclusively of self-managed enterprises is impossible, and would lead … to calculative chaos and complete breakdown.” When “each firm is owned jointly by all factor-owners” then “there is no separation at all between workers, landowners, capitalists, and entrepreneurs. There would be no way, then, of separating the wage incomes received from the interest or rent incomes or profits received. And now we finally arrive at the real reason why the economy cannot consist completely of such firms (called ‘producers’ co-operatives’). For, without an external market for wage rates, rents, and interest, there would be no rational way for entrepreneurs to allocate factors in accordance with the wishes of the consumers. No one would know where he could allocate his land or his labour to provide the maximum monetary gains. No entrepreneur would know how to arrange factors in their most value-productive combination to earn greatest profit. There could be no efficiency in production because the requisite knowledge would be lacking.” [quoted by David L. Prychitko, Markets, Planning and Democracy, p. 135 and p. 136]

It is hard to take this argument seriously. Consider, for example, a pre-capitalist society of farmers and artisans. Both groups of people own their own means of production (the land and the tools they use). The farmers grow crops for the artisans who, in turn, provide the farmers with the tools they use. According to Rothbard, the farmers would have no idea what to grow nor would the artisans know which tools to buy to meet the demand of the farmers nor which to use to reduce their working time. Presumably, both the farmers and artisans would stay awake at night worrying what to produce, wishing they had a landlord and boss to tell them how best to use their labour and resources.

Let us add the landlord class to this society. Now the landlord can tell the farmer what to grow as their rent income indicates how to allocate the land to its most productive use. Except, of course, it is still the farmers who decide what to produce. Knowing that they will need to pay rent (for access to the land) they will decide to devote their (rented) land to the most profitable use in order to both pay the rent and have enough to live on. Why they do not seek the most profitable use without the need for rent is not explored by Rothbard. Much the same can be said of artisans subject to a boss, for the worker can evaluate whether an investment in a specific new tool will result in more income or reduced time labouring or whether a new product will likely meet the needs of consumers. Moving from a pre-capitalist society to a post-capitalist one, it is clear that a system of self-managed co-operatives can make the same decisions without requiring economic masters. This is unsurprising, given that Mises’ asserted that the boss “of course exercises power over the workers” but that the “lord of production is the consumer.” [Socialism, p. 443] In which case, the boss need not be an intermediary between the real “lord” and those who do the production!

All in all, Rothbard confirms Kropotkin’s comments that economics (“that pseudo-science of the bourgeoisie”) “does not cease to give praise in every way to the benefits of individual property” yet “the economists do not conclude, ‘The land to him who cultivates it.’ On the contrary, they hasten to deduce from the situation, ‘The land to the lord who will get it cultivated by wage earners!’” [Words of a Rebel, pp. 209–10] In addition, Rothbard implicitly places “efficiency” above liberty, preferring dubious “efficiency” gains to the actual gains in freedom which the abolition of workplace autocracy would create. Given a choice between liberty and “efficiency”, the genuine anarchist would prefer liberty. Luckily, though, workplace liberty increases efficiency so Rothbard’s decision is a wrong one. It should also be noted that Rothbard’s position (as is usually the case) is directly opposite that of Proudhon, who considered it “inevitable” that in a free society “the two functions of wage-labourer on the one hand, and of proprietor-capitalist-contractor on the other, become equal and inseparable in the person of every workingman”. This was the “first principle of the new economy, a principle full of hope and of consolation for the labourer without capital, but a principle full of terror for the parasite and for the tools of parasitism, who see reduced to naught their celebrated formula: Capital, labour, talent!” [Proudhon’s Solution of the Social Problem, p. 165 and p. 85]

And it does seem a strange co-incidence that someone born into a capitalist economy, ideologically supporting it with a passion and seeking to justify its class system just happens to deduce from a given set of axioms that landlords and capitalists happen to play a vital role in the economy! It would not take too much time to determine if someone in a society without landlords or capitalists would also logically deduce from the same axioms the pressing economic necessity for such classes. Nor would it take long to ponder why Greek philosophers, like Aristotle, concluded that slavery was natural. And it does seem strange that centuries of coercion, authority, statism, classes and hierarchies all had absolutely no impact on how society evolved, as the end product of real history (the capitalist economy) just happens to be the same as Rothbard’s deductions from a few assumptions predict. Little wonder, then, that “Austrian” economics seems more like rationalisations for some ideologically desired result than a serious economic analysis.

Even some dissident “Austrian” economists recognise the weakness of Rothbard’s position. Thus “Rothbard clearly misunderstands the general principle behind producer co-operatives and self-management in general.” In reality, ”[a]s a democratic method of enterprise organisation, workers’ self-management is, in principle, fully compatible with a market system” and so “a market economy comprised of self-managed enterprises is consistent with Austrian School theory … It is fundamentally a market-based system … that doesn’t seem to face the epistemological hurdles … that prohibit rational economic calculation” under state socialism. Sadly, socialism is still equated with central planning, for such a system “is certainly not socialism. Nor, however, is it capitalism in the conventional sense of the term.” In fact, it is not capitalism at all and if we assume that free access to resources such as workplaces and credit, then it most definitely is socialism (“Legal ownership is not the chief issue in defining workers’ self-management — management is. Worker-managers, though not necessarily the legal owners of all the factors of production collected within the firm, are free to experiment and establish enterprise policy as they see fit.”). [David L. Prychitko, Op. Cit., p. 136, p. 135, pp. 4–5, p. 4 and p. 135] This suggests that non-labour factors can be purchased from other co-operatives, credit provided by mutual banks (credit co-operatives) at cost and so forth. As such, a mutualist system is perfectly feasible.

Thus economic calculation based on competitive market prices is possible under a socialist system. Indeed, we see examples of this even under capitalism. For example, the Mondragon co-operative complex in the Basque Country indicate that a libertarian socialist economy can exist and flourish. Perhaps it will be suggested that an economy needs stock markets to price companies, as Mises did. Thus investment is “not a matter for the mangers of joint stock companies, it is essentially a matter of the capitalists” in the “stock exchanges”. Investment, he asserted, was “not a matter of wages” of managers but of “the capitalist who buys and sell stocks and shares, who make loans and recover them, who make deposits in the banks.” [Socialism, p. 139]

It would be churlish to note that the members of co-operatives under capitalism, like most working class people, are more than able to make deposits in banks and arrange loans. In a mutualist economy, workers will not loose this ability just because the banks are themselves co-operatives. Similarly, it would be equally churlish but essential to note that the stock market is hardly the means by which capital is actually raised within capitalism. As David Engler points out, ”[s]upporters of the system … claim that stock exchanges mobilise funds for business. Do they? When people buy and sell shares, ‘no investment goes into company treasuries … Shares simply change hands for cash in endless repetition.’ Company treasuries get funds only from new equity issues. These accounted for an average of a mere 0.5 per cent of shares trading in the US during the 1980s.” [Apostles of Greed, pp. 157–158] This is echoed by David Ellerman:

“In spite of the stock market’s large symbolic value, it is notorious that it has relatively little to do with the production of goods and services in the economy (the gambling industry aside). The overwhelming bulk of stock transactions are in second-hand shares so that the capital paid for shares usually goes to other stock traders, not to productive enterprises issuing new shares.” [The Democratic Worker-Owned Firm, p. 199]

This suggests that the “efficient allocation of capital in production does not require a stock market (witness the small business sector [under capitalism]).” “Socialist firms,” he notes, “are routinely attacked as being inherently inefficient because they have no equity shares exposed to market valuation. If this argument had any merit, it would imply that the whole sector of unquoted closely-held small and medium-sized firms in the West was ‘inherently inefficient’ — a conclusion that must be viewed with some scepticism. Indeed, in the comparison to large corporations with publicly-traded shares, the closely-held firms are probably more efficient users of capital.” [Op. Cit., p. 200 and p. 199]

In terms of the impact of the stock market on the economy there is good reason to think that this hinders economic efficiency by generating a perverse set of incentives and misleading information flows and so their abolition would actually aid production and productive efficiency).

Taking the first issue, the existence of a stock market has serious (negative) effects on investment. As Doug Henwood notes, there “are serious communication problems between managers and shareholders.” This is because ”[e]ven if participants are aware of an upward bias to earnings estimates [of companies], and even if they correct for it, managers would still have an incentive to try to fool the market. If you tell the truth, your accurate estimate will be marked down by a sceptical market. So, it’s entirely rational for managers to boost profits in the short term, either through accounting gimmickry or by making only investments with quick paybacks.” So, managers “facing a market [the stock market] that is famous for its preference for quick profits today rather than patient long-term growth have little choice but to do its bidding. Otherwise, their stock will be marked down, and the firm ripe for take-over.” While ”[f]irms and economies can’t get richer by starving themselves” stock market investors “can get richer when the companies they own go hungry — at least in the short term. As for the long term, well, that’s someone else’s problem the week after next.” [Wall Street, p. 171]

Ironically, this situation has a parallel with Stalinist central planning. Under that system the managers of State workplaces had an incentive to lie about their capacity to the planning bureaucracy. The planner would, in turn, assume higher capacity, so harming honest managers and encouraging them to lie. This, of course, had a seriously bad impact on the economy. Unsurprisingly, the similar effects caused by capital markets on economies subject to them are as bad as well as downplaying long term issues and investment. In addition, it should be noted that stock-markets regularly experiences bubbles and subsequent bursts. Stock markets may reflect the collective judgements of investors, but it says little about the quality of those judgements. What use are stock prices if they simply reflect herd mentality, the delusions of people ignorant of the real economy or who fail to see a bubble? Particularly when the real-world impact when such bubbles burst can be devastating to those uninvolved with the stock market?

In summary, then, firms are “over-whelmingly self-financing — that is, most of their investment expenditures are funded through profits (about 90%, on longer-term averages)” The stock markets provide “only a sliver of investment funds.” There are, of course, some “periods like the 1990s, during which the stock market serves as a conduit for shovelling huge amounts of cash into speculative venues, most of which have evaporated … Much, maybe most, of what was financed in the 1990s didn’t deserve the money.” Such booms do not last forever and are “no advertisement for the efficiency of our capital markets.” [Henwood, After the New Economy, p. 187 and p. 188]

Thus there is substantial reason to question the suggestion that a stock market is necessary for the efficient allocation of capital. There is no need for capital markets in a system based on mutual banks and networks of co-operatives. As Henwood concludes, “the signals emitted by the stock market are either irrelevant or harmful to real economic activity, and that the stock market itself counts little or nothing as a source of finance. Shareholders … have no useful role.” [Wall Street, p. 292]

Then there is also the ironic nature of Rothbard’s assertion that self-management would ensure there “could be no efficiency in production because the requisite knowledge would be lacking.” This is because capitalist firms are hierarchies, based on top-down central planning, and this hinders the free flow of knowledge and information. As with Stalinism, within the capitalist firm information passes up the organisational hierarchy and becomes increasingly simplified and important local knowledge and details lost (when not deliberately falsified to ensure continual employment by suppressing bad news). The top-management takes decisions based on highly aggregated data, the quality of which is hard to know. The management, then, suffers from information and knowledge deficiencies while the workers below lack sufficient autonomy to act to correct inefficiencies as well as incentive to communicate accurate information and act to improve the production process. As Cornelius Castoriadis correctly noted:

“Bureaucratic planning is nothing but the extension to the economy as a whole of the methods created and applied by capitalism in the ‘rational’ direction of large production units. If we consider the most profound feature of the economy, the concrete situation in which people are placed, we see that bureaucratic planning is the most highly perfected realisation of the spirit of capitalism; it pushes to the limit its most significant tendencies. Just as in the management of a large capitalist production unit, this type of planning is carried out by a separate stratum of managers … Its essence, like that of capitalist production, lies in an effort to reduce the direct producers to the role of pure and simple executants of received orders, orders formulated by a particular stratum that pursues its own interests. This stratum cannot run things well, just as the management apparatus … [in capitalist] factories cannot run things well. The myth of capitalism’s productive efficiency at the level of the individual factory, a myth shared by bourgeois and Stalinist ideologues alike, cannot stand up to the most elemental examination of the facts, and any industrial worker could draw up a devastating indictment against capitalist ‘rationalisation’ judged on its own terms. “First of all, the managerial bureaucracy does not know what it is supposed to be managing. The reality of production escapes it, for this reality is nothing but the activity of the producers, and the producers do not inform the managers … about what is really taking place. Quite often they organise themselves in such a way that the managers won’t be informed (in order to avoid increased exploitation, because they feel antagonistic, or quite simply because they have no interest: It isn’t their business). “In the second place, the way in which production is organised is set up entirely against the workers. They always are being asked, one way or another, to do more work without getting paid for it. Management’s orders, therefore, inevitably meet with fierce resistance on the part of those who have to carry them out.” [Political and Social Writings, vol. 2, pp. 62–3]

This is “the same objection as that Hayek raises against the possibility of a planned economy. Indeed, the epistemological problems that Hayek raised against centralised planned economies have been echoed within the socialist tradition as a problem within the capitalist firm.” There is “a real conflict within the firm that parallels that which Hayek makes about any centralised economy.” [John O’Neill, The Market, p. 142] This is because workers have knowledge about their work and workplace that their bosses lack and a self-managed co-operative workplace would motivate workers to use such information to improve the firm’s performance. In a capitalist workplace, as in a Stalinist economy, the workers have no incentive to communicate this information as “improvements in the organisation and methods of production initiated by workers essentially profit capital, which often then seizes hold of them and turns them against the workers. The workers know it and consequently they restrict their participation in production … They restrict their output; they keep their ideas to themselves . .. They organise among themselves to carry out their work, all the while keeping up a facade of respect for the official way they are supposed to organise their work.” [Castoriadis, Op. Cit., pp. 181–2] An obvious example would be concerns that management would seek to monopolise the workers’ knowledge in order to accumulate more profits, better control the workforce or replace them (using the higher productivity as an excuse). Thus self-management rather than hierarchy enhances the flow and use of information in complex organisations and so improves efficiency.

This conclusion, it should be stressed, is not idle speculation and that Mises was utterly wrong in his assertions related to self-management. People, he stated, “err” in thinking that profit-sharing “would spur the worker on to a more zealous fulfilment of his duties” (indeed, it “must lead straight to Syndicalism”) and it was “nonsensical to give ‘labour’ … a share in management. The realisation of such a postulate would result in syndicalism.” [Socialism, p. 268, p. 269 and p. 305] Yet, as we note in section I.3.2, the empirical evidence is overwhelmingly against Mises (which suggests why “Austrians” are so dismissive of empirical evidence, as it exposes flaws in the great chains of deductive reasoning they so love). In fact, workers’ participation in management and profit sharing enhance productivity. In one sense, though, Mises is right, in that capitalist firms will tend not to encourage participation or even profit sharing as it shows to workers the awkward fact that while the bosses may need them, they do not need the bosses. As discussed in section J.5.12, bosses are fearful that such schemes will lead to “syndicalism” and so quickly stop them in order to remain in power — in spite (or, more accurately, because) of the efficiency and productivity gains they result in.

“Both capitalism and state socialism,” summarises Ellerman, “suffer from the motivational inefficiency of the employment relation.” Op. Cit., pp. 210–1] Mutualism would be more efficient as well as freer for, once the stock market and workplace hierarchies are removed, serious blocks and distortions to information flow will be eliminated.

Unfortunately, the state socialists who replied to Mises in the 1920s and 1930s did not have such a libertarian economy in mind. In response to Mises initial challenge, a number of economists pointed out that Pareto’s disciple, Enrico Barone, had already, 13 years earlier, demonstrated the theoretical possibility of a “market-simulated socialism.” However, the principal attack on Mises’s argument came from Fred Taylor and Oscar Lange (for a collection of their main papers, see On the Economic Theory of Socialism). In light of their work, Hayek shifted the question from theoretical impossibility to whether the theoretical solution could be approximated in practice. Which raises an interesting question, for if (state) socialism is “impossible” (as Mises assured us) then what did collapse in Eastern Europe? If the “Austrians” claim it was “socialism” then they are in the somewhat awkward position that something they assure us is “impossible” existed for decades. Moreover, it should be noted that both sides of the argument accepted the idea of central planning of some kind or another. This means that most of the arguments of Mises and Hayek did not apply to libertarian socialism, which rejects central planning along with every other form of centralisation.

Nor was the response by Taylor and Lange particularly convincing in the first place. This was because it was based far more on neo-classical capitalist economic theory than on an appreciation of reality. In place of the Walrasian “Auctioneer” (the “god in the machine” of general equilibrium theory which ensures that all markets clear) Taylor and Lange presented the “Central Planning Board” whose job it was to adjust prices so that all markets cleared. Neo-classical economists who are inclined to accept Walrasian theory as an adequate account of a working capitalist economy will be forced to accept the validity of their model of “socialism.” Little wonder Taylor and Lange were considered, at the time, the victors in the “socialist calculation” debate by most of the economics profession (with the collapse of the Soviet Union, this decision has been revised somewhat — although we must point out that Taylor and Lange’s model was not the same as the Soviet system, a fact conveniently ignored by commentators).

Unfortunately, given that Walrasian theory has little bearing to reality, we must also come to the conclusion that the Taylor-Lange “solution” has about the same relevance (even ignoring its non-libertarian aspects, such as its basis in state-ownership, its centralisation, its lack of workers’ self-management and so on). Many people consider Taylor and Lange as fore-runners of “market socialism.” This is incorrect — rather than being market socialists, they are in fact “neo-classical” socialists, building a “socialist” system which mimics capitalist economic theory rather than its reality. Replacing Walrus’s mythical creation of the “Auctioneer” with a planning board does not really get to the heart of the problem! Nor does their vision of “socialism” have much appeal — a re-production of capitalism with a planning board and a more equal distribution of money income. Anarchists reject such “socialism” as little more than a nicer version of capitalism, if that.

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, it has been fashionable to assert that “Mises was right” and that socialism is impossible (of course, during the cold war such claims were ignored as the Soviet threat had to boosted and used as a means of social control and to justify state aid to capitalist industry). Nothing could be further from the truth as these countries were not socialist at all and did not even approximate the (libertarian) socialist idea (the only true form of socialism). The Stalinist countries had authoritarian “command economies” with bureaucratic central planning, and so their failure cannot be taken as proof that a decentralised, libertarian socialism cannot work. Nor can Mises’ and Hayek’s arguments against Taylor and Lange be used against a libertarian mutualist or collectivist system as such a system is decentralised and dynamic (unlike the “neo-classical” socialist model). Libertarian socialism of this kind did, in fact, work remarkably well during the Spanish Revolution in the face of amazing difficulties, with increased productivity and output in many workplaces as well as increased equality and liberty (see section I.8).

Thus the “calculation argument” does not prove that socialism is impossible. Mises was wrong in asserting that “a socialist system with a market and market prices is as self-contradictory as is the notion of a triangular square.” [Human Action, p. 706] This is because capitalism is not defined by markets as such but rather by wage labour, a situation where working class people do not have free access to the means of production and so have to sell their labour (and so liberty) to those who do. If quoting Engels is not too out of place, the “object of production — to produce commodities — does not import to the instrument the character of capital” as the “production of commodities is one of the preconditions for the existence of capital .. . as long as the producer sells only what he himself produces, he is not a capitalist; he becomes so only from the moment he makes use of his instrument to exploit the wage labour of others.” [Collected Works, Vol. 47, pp. 179–80] In this, as noted in section C.2.1, Engels was merely echoing Marx (who, in turn, was simply repeating Proudhon’s distinction between property and possession). As mutualism eliminates wage labour by self-management and free access to the means of production, its use of markets and prices (both of which pre-date capitalism) does not mean it is not socialist (and as we note in section G.1.1 Marx, Engels, Bakunin and Kropotkin, like Mises, acknowledged Proudhon as being a socialist). This focus on the market, as David Schweickart suggests, is no accident:

“The identification of capitalism with the market is a pernicious error of both conservative defenders of laissez-faire [capitalism] and most left opponents … If one looks at the works of the major apologists for capitalism … one finds the focus of the apology always on the virtues of the market and on the vices of central planning. Rhetorically this is an effective strategy, for it is much easier to defend the market than to defend the other two defining institutions of capitalism. Proponents of capitalism know well that it is better to keep attention toward the market and away from wage labour or private ownership of the means of production.” [“Market Socialism: A Defense”, pp. 7–22, Market Socialism: the debate among socialists, Bertell Ollman (ed.), p. 11]

The theoretical work of such socialists as David Schweickart (see his books Against Capitalism and After Capitalism) present an extensive discussion of a dynamic, decentralised market socialist system which has obvious similarities with mutualism — a link which some Leninists recognise and stress in order to discredit market socialism via guilt-by-association (Proudhon “the anarchist and inveterate foe of Karl Marx … put forward a conception of society, which is probably the first detailed exposition of a ‘socialist market.’” [Hillel Ticktin, “The Problem is Market Socialism”, pp. 55–80, Op. Cit., p. 56]). So far, most models of market socialism have not been fully libertarian, but instead involve the idea of workers’ control within a framework of state ownership of capital (Engler in Apostles of Greed is an exception to this, supporting community ownership). Ironically, while these Leninists reject the idea of market socialism as contradictory and, basically, not socialist they usually acknowledge that the transition to Marxist-communism under their workers’ state would utilise the market.

So, as anarchist Robert Graham points out, “Market socialism is but one of the ideas defended by Proudhon which is both timely and controversial … Proudhon’s market socialism is indissolubly linked with his notions of industrial democracy and workers’ self-management.” [“Introduction”, P-J Proudhon, General Idea of the Revolution, p. xxxii] As we discuss in section I.3.5 Proudhon’s system of agro-industrial federations can be seen as a non-statist way of protecting self-management, liberty and equality in the face of market forces (Proudhon, unlike individualist anarchists, was well aware of the negative aspects of markets and the way market forces can disrupt society). Dissident economist Geoffrey M. Hodgson is right to suggest that Proudhon’s system, in which “each co-operative association would be able to enter into contractual relations with others”, could be “described as an early form of ‘market socialism’”. In fact, “instead of Lange-type models, the term ‘market socialism’ is more appropriately to such systems. Market socialism, in this more appropriate and meaningful sense, involves producer co-operatives that are owned by the workers within them. Such co-operatives sell their products on markets, with genuine exchanges of property rights” (somewhat annoyingly, Hodgson incorrectly asserts that “Proudhon described himself as an anarchist, not a socialist” when, in reality, the French anarchist repeatedly referred to himself and his mutualist system as socialist). [Economics and Utopia, p. 20, p. 37 and p. 20]

Thus it is possible for a socialist economy to allocate resources using markets. By suppressing capital markets and workplace hierarchies, a mutualist system will improve upon capitalism by removing an important source of perverse incentives which hinder efficient use of resources as well as long term investment and social responsibility in addition to reducing inequalities and increasing freedom. As David Ellerman once noted, many “still look at the world in bipolar terms: capitalism or (state) socialism.” Yet there “are two broad traditions of socialism: state socialism and self-management socialism. State socialism is based on government ownership of major industry, while self-management socialism envisions firms being worker self-managed and not owned or managed by the government.” [Op. Cit., p. 147] Mutualism is a version of the second vision and anarchists reject the cosy agreement between mainstream Marxists and their ideological opponents on the propertarian right that only state socialism is “real” socialism.

Finally, it should be noted that most anarchists are not mutualists but rather aim for (libertarian) communism, the abolition of money. Many do see a mutualist-like system as an inevitable stage in a social revolution, the transitional form imposed by the objective conditions facing a transformation of a society marked by thousands of years of oppression and exploitation (collectivist-anarchism contains elements of both mutualism and communism, with most of its supporters seeing it as a transitional system). This is discussed in section I.2.2, while section I.1.3 indicates why most anarchists reject even non-capitalist markets. So does Mises’s argument mean that a socialism that abolishes the market (such as libertarian communism) is impossible? Given that the vast majority of anarchists seek a libertarian communist society, this is an important question. We address it in the next section.

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Are you considering pursuing higher education in Ireland, a land renowned for its rich history, vibrant culture, and esteemed academic institutions? Look no further! In this comprehensive blog, we'll explore the top 10 universities and colleges in Ireland, offering a diverse array of undergraduate and postgraduate programs tailored to meet your educational aspirations and career goals.

1. University of Dublin (Trinity College Dublin)

Established in 1592, the University of Dublin, more commonly known as Trinity College Dublin, stands as Ireland's oldest and most prestigious university. Situated in the heart of Dublin, this institution boasts a distinguished reputation for academic excellence across various disciplines, including arts, humanities, sciences, engineering, business, and law.

2. University College Dublin (UCD)

University College Dublin (UCD) is a leading research-intensive university located south of Dublin city center. With a strong emphasis on innovation and global engagement, UCD offers a comprehensive range of undergraduate, postgraduate, and professional programs, spanning fields such as business, medicine, engineering, agriculture, and the humanities.

3. Dublin City University (DCU)

Dublin City University (DCU) prides itself on its dynamic and innovative approach to education. Situated north of Dublin city center, DCU is renowned for its industry-relevant programs and entrepreneurial spirit. Students benefit from a supportive learning environment, state-of-the-art facilities, and opportunities for real-world experience.

4. National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway)

Nestled on the scenic west coast of Ireland, the National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) offers a picturesque setting for academic pursuits. Renowned for its research-led teaching and interdisciplinary focus, NUI Galway provides a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs across disciplines such as arts, science, medicine, engineering, and law.

5. University College Cork (UCC)

University College Cork (UCC) is a dynamic institution located in the vibrant city of Cork. With a strong commitment to research and innovation, UCC offers a diverse range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in areas such as business, science, engineering, medicine, and the humanities.

6. Maynooth University

Maynooth University, located in County Kildare, offers a distinctive academic experience characterized by small class sizes, personalized attention, and a strong sense of community. With a focus on interdisciplinary learning and research, Maynooth University prepares students for success in a rapidly changing world.

7. University of Limerick (UL)

The University of Limerick (UL) is renowned for its strong links to industry and emphasis on experiential learning. Located on the banks of the River Shannon, UL offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs, as well as opportunities for internships, placements, and research collaboration.

8. Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT)

The Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) is Ireland's largest provider of higher education in the fields of science, engineering, technology, and the built environment. With a focus on practical, industry-focused learning, DIT equips students with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in their chosen fields.

9. Cork Institute of Technology (CIT)

Cork Institute of Technology (CIT) is a forward-thinking institution located in the vibrant city of Cork. With a reputation for excellence in areas such as engineering, business, science, and computing, CIT offers a diverse range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs designed to meet the needs of today's rapidly evolving industries.

10. Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin)

Formed through the merger of several institutions, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin) is Ireland's largest university, offering a wide range of programs across disciplines such as business, engineering, computing, and the arts. With a focus on innovation and industry collaboration, TU Dublin prepares students for successful careers in a globalized world.

Choosing Your Path to Success

When selecting a college or university in Ireland, it's essential to consider factors such as academic reputation, program offerings, campus facilities, location, and student support services. Additionally, explore scholarship opportunities, research prospects, and extracurricular activities to enhance your overall university experience. Whether you choose to study at one of Ireland's historic institutions like Trinity College Dublin or pursue innovative programs at institutions like Dublin City University or Maynooth University, you'll embark on an exciting academic journey that will shape your future and broaden your horizons.

In conclusion, Ireland offers a wealth of opportunities for students seeking high-quality higher education in a welcoming and culturally rich environment. From the historic halls of Trinity College Dublin to the cutting-edge campuses of University College Dublin and beyond, Ireland's top colleges and universities provide the perfect setting for academic excellence, personal growth, and cultural exploration. So why wait? Start your educational adventure in Ireland today with the excellent guidance of the study abroad advisors at GlobEDwise.

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Sending notices to students and parents (In bulk or individuals)

Push notification through web and mobile apps (In bulk or individuals)

Email notification for different activities such as fee due, exam result, exam schedule, book due and custom emails etc.

SMS, Email or push notifications on mobile (In bulk or individuals)

Custom reports

User can create custom report as per their requirements

Can create custom report template (Invoice, receipt, exam report card etc.)

Human Resources

Attendance Management

Link attendance with Attendance devices, auto marks present, absent, late, early etc.

Holiday settings

Online attendance options are available.

Download attendance logs, calculate attendance, and generate reports.

Generate monthly attendance for salary calculation.

Leave Management

Leave master setup as per organization leave rule

Leave balance, opening, encashment, Lapse, and closing transfer

Online leave application and approval to reduce paperwork and effective leave management

Employee Management (PIS)

Personal Information, Service Information, Other Official Information and Salary Information

Recording Pan, No, PF, CIT, Insurance Number, and Bank Account, etc.

Documents Attachment.

Record Family Details, Previous Employment Details, Record Education Details, Job Allocation Details.

Training Details, Award Details, Research and Publications, Medical Details.

Letter Generator

Letter generator system for employees.

User can generate all types of letters related to employees with predefined templates such as appointment letter, promotion letter, transfer letter etc.

Save your uses’ time and avoid mistake on letters by standardizing the letter generation process.

Payroll

Can create salary titles according to requirements.

Complete formula-based salary titles, so easily customized with any type of organization.

Payment option for monthly, periodic or on demand etc.

Can generate any number of payment sheets in a single month.

Automatic TDS calculation.

Employee Self Service

Employees have their individual login account

Employee can create request for Leave, Attendance, Late/Early, Overtime etc. from their login.

Employee themselves can view their reports such as leave balance, daily and monthly attendance, pay slip, notices, organizational document resources etc.

Employee’s dashboard is available to summarize all the information related to the employee and subordinates.

Inventory

System allows to manage all consumable inventory of the organization.

Organization can manage single or multiple stores.

Real time view of item stock in store.

Employee can request inventory and acknowledgement of receipt.

All required reports with dynamic reporting module.

Asset Management

System allows to manage all fixed assets of the organization.

Allow to generate asset label with QR code.

Calculate asset depreciation for any period such as monthly, quarterly, half yearly or yearly.

Manage all lifecycle of assets such as asset booking, allocation, transfer, issue, return, repair maintenance, warranty, service history.

Allow period reconciliation cycle.