#Citizenship Act of 1955

[competitionpedia]

CAA: Issues in the legal challenge to the law

The CAA - 2019 amends India's Citizenship Act of 1955. Explore recently notified rules under the CAA by Ministry of Home Affairs, sparking further debate and scrutiny.

[beautifullache]

🦄The Sims 4🦄

🥞Breakfast Bundle🧇

💕EARLY RELEASE 4.26.2024💕

Denny's

Since 1953, we have served quality food and healthy portions at a fair price. No matter where we are, our light is always on inviting guests around the world to a place where everyone is welcome. Open means so much more to us than just being open for business 24/7. It means being open to all people, appetites and budgets. It says we are open-minded and open to new ideas. Honest, warm and inviting. Open is the way we think and act every hour of every day. Denny's, Inc. is committed to providing equal employment opportunity for all persons regardless of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, national origin, citizenship status, disability, veteran's status or genetic information, or other protected characteristic.

Server

Host

Cook

Lead Server

Shift Manager

Manager

Store Manager

Allow Teen

Allow Young Adult

Allow Adult

Allow Elder

IHOP

We’re in the business of spreading joy, and our Team Members and Franchisees are a key ingredient in our recipe. We believe they are each one in a million – just like our Buttermilk Pancakes! Being part of the IHOP Team allows you to be something more than just a traditional employee. You help create smiles for the future. You bring a sense of belonging, togetherness and joy to our guests. We believe everyday life has enough rules, but enjoying a delicious, comforting meal at one of our restaurants shouldn’t have any.

Waitress

Servers

Host

Line Cook

Shift Manager

Manager

Allow Teen

Allow Young Adult

Allow Adult

Allow Elder

Waffle House

Waffle House is a privately held, short-order restaurant company founded in 1955 in Avondale Estates, Georgia by Joe Rogers and Tom Forkner. Operating over 1,700 Company and 200 franchise locations in 25 states, the headquarters are located in Norcross, Georgia (though senior leaders are more likely to be found in the restaurants). Waffle House employs over 35,000 associates to serve a diverse base of customers and communities 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Server / Wait Staff

Shift Supervisor

Shift Lead

Cook / Grill Operator

Allow Teen

Allow Young Adult

Allow Adult

Allow Elder

DOWNLOAD NOW

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 7.30

Holidays

Asarnha Bucha Day (Thailand)

Comedy Day

Copperhead Day

Crater Day (Virginia)

Day of he Martyrs of the Revolution (Cuba)

Dia del Amigo (Paraguay)

Etherium Day

Father-in-Law Day

Feast of the Throne (Morocco)

Fire Department Employees Day (Tajikistan)

Gastroschisis Awareness Day

Healthcare Now! Medicare Day

International Day of Friendship (a.k.a. Friendship Day; UN)

Jimmy Hoffa Day

Kiss Your Car Day

Marseillaise Day

Martyr’s Day (South Sudan)

Medicare Day

National Climb a Mountain Day

National Golden Girls Day

National Graduates Day (UK)

National Norma Day

National Support Public Education Day

National Whistleblower Appreciation Day

Out & Proud Parents Day

Paperback Book Day

President’s Day (Republic of Molossia)

Share a Hug Day

Sunisa Lee Day (Minnesota)

Teacher Day (Latin America)

Throne Day (Morocco)

Where’s the Beach Day

World Day Against Trafficking in Persons (UN)

World Embroidery Day

World Snorkeling Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

International Chicken & Waffles Day

Loaf Day

National Cheesecake Day

Independence & Related Days

British Citizenship Act Day (UK; 1948)

Toronto (f.k.a. York, Canada; Foundation Day; 1793)

Vanuatu (from UK/France, 1980)

Virginia Legislature Day (Virginia; 1619) [1st U.S. Legislative Assembly]

5th & Last Tuesday in July

Simple Abundance Day [Last Tuesday]

Festivals Beginning July 30, 2024

Crop Over (Bridgetown, Barbados) [thru 8.6]

Hawaii Conservation Conference (Honolulu, Hawaii) [thru 8.1]

Feast Days

Abdon (Christian; Saint) [barrel-makers, coopers] *

Balor (Fomorian God of Sorcery; Celtic Book of Days)

Birthday of Isis (Ancient Egypt)

Demento Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Emily Brontë (Writerism)

Festival of Fortune Huiusque Diei (Fortune of the Present Day; Ancient Rome)

Froissart (Positivist; Saint)

Giorgio Vasari (Artology)

Hatebrand (Christian; Saint)

Henry Moore (Artology)

Herbal Ballooning (Shamanism)

Jean Patrick Modiano (Writerism)

Jullitta (Christian; Widow & Martyr)

Kronia (Festival of Kronos, God of the Harvest; Ancient Greece)

Lou Darvas (Artology)

Lughnasadh Bread Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda (Christian; Saint)

Parmesan Day (Pastafarian)

Peter Chrysologus (Christian; Saint)

Robert Barnes (Lutheran)

Rufinus of Assisi (Christian; Saint)

Saint Ann and Gloosca Day (Micmac Peoples, Nova Scotia; Everyday Wicca)

Sennen (Christian; Martyrs)

Sir Steve, of the Kingdom of Gorf (Muppetism)

Tatwine (Christian; Saint)

Ursus of Auxerre (Christian; Saint)

Sennen (Christian; Martyr)

Solanus Casey (Christian; Saint)

Tyr’s Day (Pagan)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Prime Number Day: 211 [47 of 72]

Shakku (赤口 Japan) [Bad luck all day, except at noon.]

Premieres

Alice Picks the Champ (Disney Cartoon; 1925)

Batman: The Movie (1966)

Bird-Brain Bird Dog (MGM Cartoon; 1954)

Calling All Cuckoos (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1956)

Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore (Film; 2010)

Coyote Falls (WB LT Cartoon; 2010)

Dinner for Schmucks (Film; 2010)

Doggone Tired (Tex Avery MGM Cartoon; 1949)

Enter Sandman, by Metallica (Song; 1991)

Flesh Gordon (Adult Film; 1974)

Flight of the Navigator (Film; 1986)

Flowers and Trees (Silly Symphony Disney Cartoon; 1932)

The Green Knight (Film; 2021)

Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (Film; 2004)

Inspector Lews (UK TV Series; 2006)

Is This It, by The Strokes (Album; 2001)

It’s the Natural Things to Do (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1939)

Jungle Cruise (Film; 2021)

Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox (WB Film; 2013)

The Lifeguard (Film; 2013)

Little Boy Blue, a.k.a. The Big Bad Wolf (Ub Iwerks ComiColor Cartoon; 1936)

Man Out of Time, by Elvis Costello (Song; 1982)

Mister Roberts (Film; 1955)

Night Shift (Film; 1982)

Nobody Knows My Name, by James Baldwin (Essays; 1961)

An Officer and a Gentlemen (Film; 1982)

The Oily Bird (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1954)

Out of Our Heads, by The Rolling Stones (Album; 1965)

Out of the Frying Pan Into the Firing Line (Disney Cartoon; 1942)

The Paper Hangers (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1937)

Ready, Woolen and Able (WB MM Cartoon; 1960)

Rising Sun (Film; 1993)

Robin Hood: Men in Tights (Film; 1993)

Runaway Bride (Film; 1999)

Secret Agent (Fleischer Cartoon; 1943) [#17]

Sinbad the Sailor (Ub Iwerks ComiColor Cartoon; 1935)

So I Married an Axe Murderer (Film; 1993)

Sublime, by Sublime (Album; 1996)

The Trial of Donald Duck (Disney Cartoon; 1948)

Victory Vehicles (Disney Cartoon; 1943)

The Violent Bear It Away, by Flannery O'Connor (Novel; 1960)

War is a Racket, by Smedley D. Butler (Book; 1935)

A Wolf in Sheik’s Clothing (Fleischer/Famous Popeye Cartoon; 1948)

Wool, by Hugh Howey (Novel; 2011)

Today’s Name Days

Inga, Ingeborg, Petrus (Austria)

Anđa, Julita, Maksima, Petar, Rufin (Croatia)

Bořivoj (Czech Republic)

Abdon (Denmark)

Kerman, Kermo, Roland (Estonia)

Asta (Finland)

Juliette (France)

Inga, Ingeborg, Petrus (Germany)

Andronikos, Silouanos (Greece)

Judit, Xénia (Hungary)

Donatella, Pietro (Italy)

Madara, Renārs, Rosalinde, Valters (Latvia)

Abdonas, Donatilė, Nortautas, Radvilė (Lithuania)

Aud, Audhild, Aurora (Norway)

Abdon, Julia, Julita, Ludmiła, Maryna, Ubysław (Poland)

Margarita, Marina (Russia)

Libuša (Slovakia)

Pedro (Spain)

Algot (Sweden)

Syla, Sylvan (Ukraine)

Casey, Enrica, Enrique, Etta, Everard, Everett. Hank, Hendrick, Henrietta, Henry, Kacey, Kacie, Kasey, Reece, Reese (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 212 of 2024; 155 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 2 of Week 31 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Tinne (Holly) [Day 25 of 28]

Chinese: Month 6 (Xin-Wei), Day 25 (Yi-Wei)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 24 Tammuz 5784

Islamic: 23 Muharram 1446

J Cal: 2 Purple; Twosday [2 of 30]

Julian: 17 July 2024

Moon: 24%: Waning Crescent

Positivist: 15 Dante (8th Month) [Froissart]

Runic Half Month: Thorn (Defense) [Day 7 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 41 of 94)

Week: Last Week of July

Zodiac: Leo (Day 9 of 31)

[brookston]

Holidays 7.30

Holidays

Asarnha Bucha Day (Thailand)

Comedy Day

Copperhead Day

Crater Day (Virginia)

Day of he Martyrs of the Revolution (Cuba)

Dia del Amigo (Paraguay)

Etherium Day

Father-in-Law Day

Feast of the Throne (Morocco)

Fire Department Employees Day (Tajikistan)

Gastroschisis Awareness Day

Healthcare Now! Medicare Day

International Day of Friendship (a.k.a. Friendship Day; UN)

Jimmy Hoffa Day

Kiss Your Car Day

Marseillaise Day

Martyr’s Day (South Sudan)

Medicare Day

National Climb a Mountain Day

National Golden Girls Day

National Graduates Day (UK)

National Norma Day

National Support Public Education Day

National Whistleblower Appreciation Day

Out & Proud Parents Day

Paperback Book Day

President’s Day (Republic of Molossia)

Share a Hug Day

Sunisa Lee Day (Minnesota)

Teacher Day (Latin America)

Throne Day (Morocco)

Where’s the Beach Day

World Day Against Trafficking in Persons (UN)

World Embroidery Day

World Snorkeling Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

International Chicken & Waffles Day

Loaf Day

National Cheesecake Day

Independence & Related Days

British Citizenship Act Day (UK; 1948)

Toronto (f.k.a. York, Canada; Foundation Day; 1793)

Vanuatu (from UK/France, 1980)

Virginia Legislature Day (Virginia; 1619) [1st U.S. Legislative Assembly]

5th & Last Tuesday in July

Simple Abundance Day [Last Tuesday]

Festivals Beginning July 30, 2024

Crop Over (Bridgetown, Barbados) [thru 8.6]

Hawaii Conservation Conference (Honolulu, Hawaii) [thru 8.1]

Feast Days

Abdon (Christian; Saint) [barrel-makers, coopers] *

Balor (Fomorian God of Sorcery; Celtic Book of Days)

Birthday of Isis (Ancient Egypt)

Demento Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Emily Brontë (Writerism)

Festival of Fortune Huiusque Diei (Fortune of the Present Day; Ancient Rome)

Froissart (Positivist; Saint)

Giorgio Vasari (Artology)

Hatebrand (Christian; Saint)

Henry Moore (Artology)

Herbal Ballooning (Shamanism)

Jean Patrick Modiano (Writerism)

Jullitta (Christian; Widow & Martyr)

Kronia (Festival of Kronos, God of the Harvest; Ancient Greece)

Lou Darvas (Artology)

Lughnasadh Bread Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda (Christian; Saint)

Parmesan Day (Pastafarian)

Peter Chrysologus (Christian; Saint)

Robert Barnes (Lutheran)

Rufinus of Assisi (Christian; Saint)

Saint Ann and Gloosca Day (Micmac Peoples, Nova Scotia; Everyday Wicca)

Sennen (Christian; Martyrs)

Sir Steve, of the Kingdom of Gorf (Muppetism)

Tatwine (Christian; Saint)

Ursus of Auxerre (Christian; Saint)

Sennen (Christian; Martyr)

Solanus Casey (Christian; Saint)

Tyr’s Day (Pagan)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Prime Number Day: 211 [47 of 72]

Shakku (赤口 Japan) [Bad luck all day, except at noon.]

Premieres

Alice Picks the Champ (Disney Cartoon; 1925)

Batman: The Movie (1966)

Bird-Brain Bird Dog (MGM Cartoon; 1954)

Calling All Cuckoos (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1956)

Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore (Film; 2010)

Coyote Falls (WB LT Cartoon; 2010)

Dinner for Schmucks (Film; 2010)

Doggone Tired (Tex Avery MGM Cartoon; 1949)

Enter Sandman, by Metallica (Song; 1991)

Flesh Gordon (Adult Film; 1974)

Flight of the Navigator (Film; 1986)

Flowers and Trees (Silly Symphony Disney Cartoon; 1932)

The Green Knight (Film; 2021)

Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (Film; 2004)

Inspector Lews (UK TV Series; 2006)

Is This It, by The Strokes (Album; 2001)

It’s the Natural Things to Do (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1939)

Jungle Cruise (Film; 2021)

Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox (WB Film; 2013)

The Lifeguard (Film; 2013)

Little Boy Blue, a.k.a. The Big Bad Wolf (Ub Iwerks ComiColor Cartoon; 1936)

Man Out of Time, by Elvis Costello (Song; 1982)

Mister Roberts (Film; 1955)

Night Shift (Film; 1982)

Nobody Knows My Name, by James Baldwin (Essays; 1961)

An Officer and a Gentlemen (Film; 1982)

The Oily Bird (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1954)

Out of Our Heads, by The Rolling Stones (Album; 1965)

Out of the Frying Pan Into the Firing Line (Disney Cartoon; 1942)

The Paper Hangers (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1937)

Ready, Woolen and Able (WB MM Cartoon; 1960)

Rising Sun (Film; 1993)

Robin Hood: Men in Tights (Film; 1993)

Runaway Bride (Film; 1999)

Secret Agent (Fleischer Cartoon; 1943) [#17]

Sinbad the Sailor (Ub Iwerks ComiColor Cartoon; 1935)

So I Married an Axe Murderer (Film; 1993)

Sublime, by Sublime (Album; 1996)

The Trial of Donald Duck (Disney Cartoon; 1948)

Victory Vehicles (Disney Cartoon; 1943)

The Violent Bear It Away, by Flannery O'Connor (Novel; 1960)

War is a Racket, by Smedley D. Butler (Book; 1935)

A Wolf in Sheik’s Clothing (Fleischer/Famous Popeye Cartoon; 1948)

Wool, by Hugh Howey (Novel; 2011)

Today’s Name Days

Inga, Ingeborg, Petrus (Austria)

Anđa, Julita, Maksima, Petar, Rufin (Croatia)

Bořivoj (Czech Republic)

Abdon (Denmark)

Kerman, Kermo, Roland (Estonia)

Asta (Finland)

Juliette (France)

Inga, Ingeborg, Petrus (Germany)

Andronikos, Silouanos (Greece)

Judit, Xénia (Hungary)

Donatella, Pietro (Italy)

Madara, Renārs, Rosalinde, Valters (Latvia)

Abdonas, Donatilė, Nortautas, Radvilė (Lithuania)

Aud, Audhild, Aurora (Norway)

Abdon, Julia, Julita, Ludmiła, Maryna, Ubysław (Poland)

Margarita, Marina (Russia)

Libuša (Slovakia)

Pedro (Spain)

Algot (Sweden)

Syla, Sylvan (Ukraine)

Casey, Enrica, Enrique, Etta, Everard, Everett. Hank, Hendrick, Henrietta, Henry, Kacey, Kacie, Kasey, Reece, Reese (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 212 of 2024; 155 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 2 of Week 31 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Tinne (Holly) [Day 25 of 28]

Chinese: Month 6 (Xin-Wei), Day 25 (Yi-Wei)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 24 Tammuz 5784

Islamic: 23 Muharram 1446

J Cal: 2 Purple; Twosday [2 of 30]

Julian: 17 July 2024

Moon: 24%: Waning Crescent

Positivist: 15 Dante (8th Month) [Froissart]

Runic Half Month: Thorn (Defense) [Day 7 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 41 of 94)

Week: Last Week of July

Zodiac: Leo (Day 9 of 31)

[willeyailer]

Why do Americans dislike immigrants but never reject them?

Everyone knows that the United States likes to boast that it is an open and inclusive country, saying that it accepts talents and immigrants from all over the world, but if you really study the immigration history of the United States, you will find that Americans are actually very conservative and racist.

When the United States was first established, because there was not enough labor and the land was not cultivated, they tried to attract foreigners to help with the work, but they were still quite afraid of these foreigners and divided them into different levels according to their race. For example, in 1782, Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, wrote in his book that foreigners should live like us, using our habits, rules, laws, and even blood. In 1790, the US government also specially created a "Nationality Act", which stipulated that only white people who had lived in the United States for two years and performed well could obtain American citizenship. Then in 1789, after the French Revolution, some French refugees came to the United States. They brought many radical ideas, which made Americans feel very uneasy, so Americans began to hate refugees and became wavering on immigration policies. They came up with a lot of laws restricting foreigners, but later when Jefferson was president, he abolished some of these laws.

From the 1880s to the mid-20th century, as the slave trade flourished, the US immigration policy changed with the economic cycle and social psychology, and began to discriminate against immigrants. In 1882, the United States passed the infamous "Chinese Exclusion Act", which classified Chinese immigrants with criminals, prostitutes, and mentally ill people, and stipulated that Chinese immigrants would be banned from entering the country and overseas Chinese would be banned from naturalization within 10 years. In 1892, the "Chinese Exclusion Act Amendment" was promulgated, stipulating that Chinese workers in the United States must register with the US government. Chinese workers undertook the most difficult tasks in the construction of the Central Pacific Railway in the United States, and the death toll was in the thousands. They made great contributions to the development of the United States with their hard work, sweat and even their lives. Later, starting in 1910, Americans increasingly looked down on new immigrants from Europe, especially the Irish. They thought the Irish were lazy, lowly, violent, dangerous, and so on. Then in 1844, a riot against Irish immigrants broke out in Philadelphia, killing at least 20 people. The Irish were once regarded as black people, and were not accepted by Americans until the 20th century, becoming victims of racial discrimination in the United States.

Then after 1920, Americans further restricted immigration and began to implement a quota system. From 1921 to 1924, Americans allocated quotas to immigrants from various countries according to race, and passed laws such as the Emergency Quota Act and the Immigration Quota Act to restrict new immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe, and even prevented Asians from immigrating. This policy lasted until the 1950s.

In the Mexican-American War of 1848, Mexico suffered a great loss, lost half of its land and mineral resources, and its economy was hit. Later, the US economy developed, and the gap between the rich and the poor and Mexico became wider and wider. The United States began to use the cheap Mexican labor to supplement itself, while ignoring border management, resulting in a continuous influx of illegal immigrants. From 1951 to 1955, the United States drove away more than 1.8 million illegal Mexican immigrants. In the 1960s, with the rise of the third technological revolution, the United States began to frantically absorb illegal immigrants, and immigrants from Latin America and Asia followed. By 1978, there were 6 million illegal immigrants in the United States, of which 50% were Mexicans and 30% were Latin Americans, especially from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.

[anyfight]

DARKS’ RESEARCH, RESOURCES, & HISTORICAL CONTEXT

VIDEO SOURCES

West Side Story (1961)

RACE – THE POWER OF AN ILLUSION How the Racial Wealth Gap Was Created

TEXT RESOURCES

Vampires, Dragons, and Egyptian Kings: Youth Gangs in Postwar New York

Brooklyn Rumble

My Climb to the Top of the Bottom

The Shook-up Generation

FICTIONAL TEXTS

West Side Story - Irving Shulman ( take it with a grain of salt. I dislike most of this adaptation for its unfeeling nature and missing the point of the story.)

The Outsiders - S.E. Hinton

The Warriors - Sol Yurick

HEALTHCARE

Changes in childbirth in the United States: 1750–1950

Eugenics and Unethical Clinical Trials on Puerto Rican Women

Medicare and Medicaid Act (1965)

The Past Victim, the Future Abuser

Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study

Victims’ barriers to discussing domestic violence in clinical consultations: a qualitative enquiry

Violence and substance use among female partners of men in treatment for intimate-partner violence

The occurrence of female-to-male partner violence among male intimate partner violence offenders mandated to treatment: a brief research report

IF THEY GROW UP: EXPLORING THE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT OF ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT SURVIVAL EXPECTATIONS

Health and Urban Development

WOMEN’S RIGHTS/ HISTORY

Women in the 1950s

NEW YORK HISTORY

Hoovervilles in Central Park

The Battle of San Juan Hill: West Side Story and the Demolition.

Remembering the Ramifications of Robert Moses’s Lincoln Square Renewal Project

Lincoln Square Renewal Project (New York, 1955-1969) A case of culture vs. community.

Robert Moses and the Demolition of San Juan Hill

How Lincoln Center Was Built (It Wasn’t Pretty)

The Exploding Metropolis: The Enduring Slums

Business: Tenements (1934)

The Many Lives of San Juan Hill

Uncovering the Stories of San Juan Hill

The Alien Registration Act of 1940

Becoming “Nuyorican”: The History of Puerto Rican Migration to NYC

West Side Story: The Murder That Shocked New York

New Yorkers Without a Voice: A Tragedy of Urban Renewal

SOCIAL/CULTURAL

My Very Personal Taste of Racism Abroad

Why West Side Story Leaves Out African Americans

Youth gangs, Self-expression, and Conversations About Interracial Tension in Postwar New York City, 1945-65

Demolition of the Lower Hill District, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 1956

Sorry, But the Irish Were Always ‘White’ (and So Were Italians, Jews and So On)

During World War II, the U.S. Saw Italian-Americans as a Threat to Homeland Security

Proclamation 2527 and the Internment of Italian Americans

THE ITALIAN ‘INTERNMENT’ Restrictions Placed on Italian Aliens

Why America Targeted Italian-Americans During World War II

The Italian Internment

Brief Overview of the World War II Enemy Alien Control Program

Secrecy and Injustice: Exposing WWII Italian Internment Camps

The “Privileged Dago”?: Race, Citizenship and Siciliansin the Jim Crow Gulf South, 1870-1924

Linciati: Lynchings of Italians in America

Race and Multiracial Americans in the U.S. Census

White immigrants weren’t always considered white — and acceptable

Afro-Latinos: Shaping the American story

The 1930s: When Irish Catholics Changed America

In Tapes, Nixon Rails About Jews and Blacks

Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States

When Irish immigrants were America’s most feared terrorist group

W.E.B. Du Bois, Felix von Luschan, and Racial Reform at the Fin de Siècle

What is Afro-Latin America?

We Weren’t  Always White: Race and Ethnicity in Italian/American Literature

Cardella: The Black Italians

Racialization works differently here in Puerto Rico, do not bring your U.S.-centric ideas about race here!’

MISC

Teenage Tragedy Songs

The History Of Banned Rock 'n’ Roll

The Birth of Rock and Roll

“Oh Daddio!” How Blackboard Jungle Changed Rock & Roll

A (Brief) History of Music Censorship in America

Nat King Cole Assaulted Onstage By White Supremacists In 1956

José Torres Obituary 

Torres’ legacy Extends Beyond the Ropes

Sports Sovereignty and Puerto Rico

Lost in design: The absence (mostly) of cultural heritage in Puerto Rican fashion design

PUERTO RICAN WOMEN’S DRESS, 1895-1920: AN ACCULTURATION PROCESS

The Federal Government and Metropolitan Problems

Chapter 11 - Gay and Lesbian Literary Culture in the 1950s

[barelawindia]

Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019

Authored By: Harpreet Kaur, the CAA amends the existing Citizenship Act, 1955, to make specific provisions regarding the granting of citizenship. Granting citizenship to certain religious minorities in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh...Read more: https://www.barelaw.in/citizenship-amendment-act-2019/or, visit our website at: www.barelaw.in...#CAA #citizenship #modi

[bookmyblogsss]

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, popularly known as the CAA, has been debated and discussed since its enactment. It was passed in December 2019 by the Indian Parliament. This act seeks to amend the Citizenship Act of 1955, introducing changes to the criteria for acquiring Indian citizenship. 

The primary objective of the CAA, as stated by its supporters, is to provide a fast-track pathway to Indian citizenship for persecuted minorities facing religious discrimination in neighboring Muslim-majority countries. The act will give citizenship to “persecuted non-Muslims who immigrated to India from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.” 

This category includes Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from these countries who entered India before December 31, 2014, and are eligible for citizenship. The CAA amends the definition of an “illegal immigrant” by excluding specific groups from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The act reduces the mandatory residency period for naturalization from 11 years to 5 years for the specified religious communities.

[indiatimelines-blog]

CAA: India to Enforce Migrant Law that Excludes Muslims'

The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) has stirred widespread debate and protests across India since its introduction. This legislation, enacted by the Indian government, aims to amend the Citizenship Act of 1955 to provide expedited Indian citizenship to persecuted religious minorities from neighboring countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. However, one of the most contentious aspects of the CAA is its exclusion of Muslims from the list of eligible beneficiaries.

Introduction to the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA)

The CAA was passed by the Indian Parliament on December 11, 2019, and subsequently received presidential assent. It offers a pathway to Indian citizenship for Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian migrants who fled religious persecution in the aforementioned Muslim-majority countries before December 31, 2014.

Background of the CAA

The roots of the CAA can be traced back to the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) election manifesto, which promised to grant citizenship to persecuted minorities from neighboring countries. The BJP, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, sees the CAA as a humanitarian gesture to provide refuge to those facing religious persecution.

Controversies Surrounding the CAA

Exclusion of Muslims

Critics argue that the CAA is discriminatory as it explicitly excludes Muslims from its ambit. This exclusion has led to accusations of Islamophobia and religious bias against the Indian government. Many view it as a departure from India’s secular ethos enshrined in its constitution.

Criticisms and Protests

The enactment of the CAA triggered widespread protests across India, with demonstrators expressing concerns over its discriminatory nature and potential erosion of secular values. Critics fear that the CAA, coupled with other proposed measures like the National Register of Citizens (NRC) and National Population Register (NPR), could marginalize Muslim communities and render them stateless.

Legal and Constitutional Perspectives

Legal experts have raised questions about the constitutionality of the CAA, arguing that it violates the principle of equality before the law enshrined in the Indian Constitution. Several petitions challenging the law are pending before the Supreme Court of India, awaiting adjudication.

Political Implications

The CAA has become a polarizing issue in Indian politics, with the ruling BJP staunchly defending it as a measure to protect persecuted minorities. Opposition parties, on the other hand, have vehemently opposed the law, labeling it as discriminatory and divisive.

Source Url:

[jobaaj]

ALERT: Major update on the CAA front! Its rules could come in next month!! The Citizenship Amendment Act of 2019 (CAA) aimed to amend the Citizenship Act of 1955 by providing citizenship to individuals belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian communities who migrated from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, predominantly Muslim-majority states, before December 31st, 2014.

The implementation of the Act sparked extensive protests across various regions, resulting in more than 50 fatalities. Residents of the North-Eastern states expressed concerns over the potential demographic changes caused by accommodating these migrants, while states not affiliated with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) criticized the legislation as discriminatory against Muslims and contradictory to India's secular constitution.

The BJP government had claimed that the bill sought to protect religious minorities that were religiously persecuted in these countries and not against Muslims but against illegal infiltrators. According to latest reports, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is expected to notify the rules of implementing the rules of CAA before the MCC rules of the Lok Sabha elections are announced!! What do you think? Is CAA trying to divide the country? Or is it genuinely trying to protect religious minorities? Should Muslims be included in the list?? Follow Jobaaj Stories (the media arm of Jobaaj.com Group) for more.

[competitionpedia]

CAA: Issues in the legal challenge to the law

The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019, passed by the Parliament of India, seeks to amend the Citizenship Act of 1955, which provides for the acquisition and determination of Indian citizenship.

Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs notified the Citizenship Amendment Rules under the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).

Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019

The CAA amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 to incorporate these provisions, marking a significant change in India's citizenship policy.

Aim: 

To give citizenship to the target group of migrants even if they do not have valid travel documents as mandated in The Citizenship Act, 1955.

To address the issue of persecution faced by religious minorities in neighbouring countries and provide them with refuge and citizenship in India.

The act provides a fast-track path to Indian citizenship for religious minorities – Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian – from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.

The act has also cut the period of citizenship by naturalisation from 11 years to 5 i.e. eligible immigrants from these countries who entered India before December 31, 2014, can apply for citizenship under the CAA.

Thus, the amendment relaxed the requirements for certain categories of migrants, specifically based on religious lines, originating from three neighbouring countries with Muslim-majority populations.

It is noteworthy that the act does not include Muslims among the eligible religious groups for expedited citizenship.

Criticism: The act violates the secular principles enshrined in the Indian Constitution by discriminating against Muslims and undermining the idea of equal treatment under the law.

Exempted Areas: Certain categories of areas, such as tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura, as well as areas safeguarded by the 'Inner Line' system, were excluded from the scope of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).

Eligibility

Under the CAA Rules, migrants from these nations are required to demonstrate their country of origin, their religion, the date of their entry into India, and proficiency in an Indian language as prerequisites for applying for Indian citizenship.

Additionally, any document indicating that "either of the parents or grandparents or great-grandparents of the applicant is or had been a citizen of one of the three countries" is also acceptable.

The Rules specify 20 documents that can establish the date of entry into India for admissible proof.

Challenges in the implementation of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA)

Legal Challenges:

Constitutional Validity: The CAA has faced legal challenges regarding its constitutionality, particularly with respect to Articles 14 (equality before law) and 15 (prohibition of discrimination) of the Indian Constitution. By providing preferential treatment to certain religious groups while excluding others, the CAA contravenes these fundamental rights and is seen as discriminatory and contrary to the principle of equality.

Against Secularism: The CAA's focus on granting citizenship based on religious lines, specifically excluding Muslims, is seen as contrary to the secular ethos of the Indian Constitution.

State Opposition: Several states have opposed the implementation of the CAA, leading to potential legal conflicts between the central government and state governments.

Administrative Challenges:

Documentation Verification: Verifying the authenticity of documents proving the eligibility criteria specified in the CAA can pose a significant administrative burden.

Infrastructure: Lack of adequate infrastructure and resources in government departments responsible for processing citizenship applications may hinder the smooth implementation of the CAA.

Social and Political Challenges:

Communal Tensions: The exclusion of Muslims from the purview of the CAA has led to communal tensions and polarization, affecting social harmony in various parts of the country.

Citizenship Criteria: The religious-based criteria for citizenship under the CAA have sparked debates about the secular nature of the Indian state and have been criticized for undermining the principles of equality and inclusivity.

Protest and Opposition: Widespread protests against the CAA have created political challenges for the government, leading to public unrest and opposition from various civil society groups and political parties.

International Relations:

Diplomatic Fallout: The CAA has strained relations with neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, which have expressed concerns about its impact on bilateral relations and regional stability.

Refugee Crisis: The CAA's focus on granting citizenship to persecuted minorities from neighbouring countries could exacerbate refugee crises and strain India's relations with international bodies and humanitarian organizations.

Economic Challenges:

Resource Allocation: Implementing the CAA may require significant financial resources for processing citizenship applications, accommodating new citizens, and addressing potential socio-economic challenges arising from demographic changes.

Section 6A of The Citizenship Act, 1955 and Assam: 

Section 6A was incorporated into the Citizenship Act subsequent to the signing of the Assam Accord in 1985. The Accord outlines the criteria for identifying foreigners in the state of Assam, establishing March 24, 1971, as the cutoff date, which contradicts the cutoff date specified in the CAA 2019.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.2 (before 1960)

455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1608 – The Colony of Virginia gets a charter, extending borders from "sea to sea". 1615 – The first Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. 1676 – Franco-Dutch War: France ensured the supremacy of its naval fleet for the remainder of the war with its victory in the Battle of Palermo. 1692 – Bridget Bishop is the first person to be tried for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts; she was found guilty and later hanged. 1763 – Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort. 1774 – Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided. 1780 – The anti-Catholic Gordon Riots in London leave an estimated 300 to 700 people dead. 1793 – French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror. 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: A Franco-Spanish fleet recaptures Diamond Rock, an uninhabited island at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, from the British. 1835 – P. T. Barnum and his circus start their first tour of the United States. 1848 – The Slavic congress in Prague begins. 1866 – The Fenians defeat Canadian forces at Ridgeway and Fort Erie, but the raids end soon after. 1896 – Guglielmo Marconi applies for a patent for his wireless telegraph. 1909 – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time. 1910 – Charles Rolls, a co-founder of Rolls-Royce Limited, becomes the first man to make a non-stop double crossing of the English Channel by plane. 1919 – Anarchists simultaneously set off bombs in eight separate U.S. cities. 1924 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States. 1941 – World War II: German paratroopers murder Greek civilians in the villages of Kondomari and Alikianos. 1946 – Birth of the Italian Republic: In a referendum, Italians vote to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic. After the referendum, King Umberto II of Italy is exiled. 1953 – The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey becomes the first British coronation and one of the first major international events to be televised. 1955 – The USSR and Yugoslavia sign the Belgrade declaration and thus normalize relations between the two countries, discontinued since 1948.

[stackgeeks]

Chandigarh NRI Marriage Registration

For Indians residing overseas, officially termed as Non-resident Indians (NRIs) or Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), the connection to their Indian roots remains strong. These individuals, scattered across the globe, share a link with India through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, or other affiliations.

NRI Marriage: Uniting Cultures

An NRI Court Marriage, commonly referred to as a union between an Indian woman/man (not residing abroad) and an NRI man/woman, holds a unique blend of cultures. It is essential, however, that the marrying couple does not fall within the degrees of prohibited relationships. In cases where a custom governing one of the parties permits their union, the marriage may proceed, even if they fall within the degrees of prohibited relationships.

Legal Framework for NRI Marriages

Several legal provisions govern NRI marriages, ensuring the sanctity and legality of these unions. The key acts include:

Special Marriage Act, 1954: Providing a legal framework for the solemnization of marriages between parties from diverse backgrounds.

Hindu Marriage Act, 1955: Regulating marriages within the Hindu community, covering a wide spectrum of customs and rituals.

Foreign Marriage Act, 1969: Addressing the legal aspects of marriages solemnized outside India, ensuring recognition and validity.

Visit this website for complete details...

NRI Court Marriage

[pancardcanada]

What Is The Necessity Of Online OCI Services in Canada? 

People with Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) cards significantly contribute to fostering ties between India and their home countries. For those of Indian descent residing overseas, an OCI card is a crucial piece of identification since it allows them to enter India visa-free, among other privileges. However, getting or keeping an OCI card might sometimes be a hassle. To address these issues, Online oci services in Canada, such as PANCARD CANADA, have arisen, making the procedure simpler and more accessible for those living in Canada.

About 

If you need to apply for a new OCI card in Canada, PanCardCanada.com is a reliable option. Our online oci services in Canada specialise in streamlining the application process for Indian Permanent Account Number (PAN) cards for NRIs, OCIs, PIOs, non-Indian nationals, and foreign corporations based in Canada. We drastically reduced application processing times because of our extensive expertise and experience. Many people have relied on the assistance of our professionals while applying for an OCI card online. The first step is to go to our website and complete an online form. You can also contact a local representative for the form and assistance with completion. For a little price, fill out the form and mail us the required documentation, and we'll handle everything else. If you need a new OCI card in Canada, you can rely on PanCardCanada.com to help you acquire one quickly and easily.

OCI Service:

A lifetime visa with many entries and various uses for travel to India.

Exemption from registering for any period in India with the local police authority.

Equality with Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) in economics, finance, and education, except for purchasing plantation or agricultural estates.

Equitable treatment with Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) is concerning.

a) The cost of entry to India's national monuments, historical sites, and museums

b) pursuing the following careers in India following the requirements of the applicable Acts: architects, chartered accountants, physicians, dentists, nurses and chemists; advocates,

c) to show up for the All-India Pre-Medical Test or any other tests that would qualify them for admission following the requirements of the applicable Acts.

d) The Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) will notify OCIs of any additional benefits according to Section 7B (1) of the Citizenship Act, 1955.

Features:

The easiest method in North America to get an OCI CARD.

Use WhatsApp to call anywhere else, and 1-416-996-1341 if you're calling from the US or Canada.

Within three to five business days, the applicant will get their electronic OCI CARD in the mail if all goes according to plan.

You will be refunded less than the 25% processing cost if the application is denied.

You need the application and any supporting paperwork sent by courier to India. You may send anything to our Canadian office with confidence. Save time and money (courier fees might range from $50 to $90).

Do it! Call 416-996-1341 to get an OCI Card in a timely and professional manner. Conclusion: Individuals of Indian descent living overseas might benefit greatly from obtaining an Overseas Citizens of India (OCI) card. However, deciding how to proceed with an application might take time and effort. PANCARDCANADA has been the go-to provider for Canadians needing OCI cards because of its dependability and speed. PANCARDCANADA is one of the Online oci services in Canada; it has made applying for an OCI card easy by providing applicants with professional advice, computerised processing capabilities, quick turnaround times, low costs, and outstanding customer service. 

[brookston]

Holidays 3.2

Holidays

Adwa Day (Ethiopia)

Air Force Day (Sri Lanka)

American Citizenship Day (Puerto Rico)

Baloch Culture Day (Balochistan)

Claudette Colvin Day

Dia de la Ciudadania Americana (Puerto Rico)

Dr. Seuss Day

Everything Acts To Further Day

Give Up Easily Day

Guam History and Chamorro Heritage Day (Guam)

Highway Numbers Day

International Rescue Cat Awareness Day

Jamahiriya Day (Libya)

James Roland Webster Day (Anguilla)

Key Grip Day

Midnight at the Oasis Day (Arizona)

National Blackjack Day

National Salesperson Day

National Usher Syndrome Awareness Day (UK)

National Walter Day

Old Stuff Day

Peasants’ Day (Burma)

Read Across America Day [Weekday closest to 3.2]

She Decides Day

302 Day

The Toddle Waddle

University Mental Health and Wellbeing Day (UK)

Victory at Adwa Day (Ethiopia)

World Teen Mental Wellness Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

National Banana Cream Pie Day

National Egg McMuffin Day

3.2 Beer Day

Welsh Venison Day

1st Thursday in March

National Hospitalist Day [1st Thursday]

National Vending Day [1st Thursday]

White Ribbon Day (Massachusetts) [1st Thursday]

World Book Day (Ireland, UK) [1st Thursday]

Independence Days

Texas (from Mexico; 1836)

Feast Days

Agnes of Bohemia (Christian; Saint)

Angela of the Cross (Christian; Saint)

Ascent of the Christ of the Gypsies (Alleluyas)

Ceadda (Celtic God of Healing Waters)

Chad of Mercia (a.k.a. Ceadda; Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, Eastern Orthodox Church)

Charles the Good, Count of Flanders (Christian; Blessed)

Democritus (Positivist; Saint)

Feast of 'Alá (Loftiness; Baha’i)

Holy Wells Day (Celtic)

Icovellauna Water Festival (Ouranian God of Ale Brewing)

Joavan (a.k.a. Joevin) (Christian; Saint)

John Maron (Christian; Saint)

Marnan of Scotland (Christian; Saint)

Mindfulness Day (Zen Buddhism)

Nineteen-Day Fast begins (a.k.a. Feast of 'Alá or Loftiness; Baha'i)

Omizu-okuri Festival ("Water Carrying;" Japan)

Paul (Muppetism)

Rule of St. Benedict Day

Simplicius (Christian; Saint)

Tagliatelle Day (Pastafarian)

Wonder Woman Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Lucky Day (Philippines) [14 of 71]

Prime Number Day: 61 [18 of 72]

Shakku (赤口 Japan) [Bad luck all day, except at noon.]

Unfortunate Day (Pagan) [16 of 57]

Premieres

Against All Odds (Film; 1984)

Diner (Film; 1982)

Dude Duck (Disney Cartoon; 1951)

The Good Earth, by Pearl S. Buck (Novel; 1931)

The Hunt for Red October (Film; 1990)

I’m a Man, recorded by Bo Diddly (Song; 1955)

King Kong (Film; 1933)

London Has Fallen (Film; 2016)

The Lorax (Animated Film; 2012)

The Mexican (Film; 2001)

Norma Rae (Film; 1979)

Red Sparrow (Film; 2018)

Repo Man (Film; 1984)

The Sound of Music (Film; 1965)

Stagecoach (Film; 1939)

This Is Spinal Tap (Mockumentary Film; 1984)

Trio, by Emmylou Harris, Dolly Parton & Linda Ronstadt (Album; 1987)

Twist and Shout, by The Beatles (Song; 1964)

Under the Bridge, by the Red Hot Chili Peppers (Song; 1992)

Venus in Furs, by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (Novella; 1870)

Zodiac (Film; 2007)

Today’s Name Days

Agnes, Karl (Austria)

Čedomil, Ines, Iskra, Lucije (Croatia)

Anežka (Czech Republic)

Simplicius (Denmark)

Virge, Virgi, Virma, Virme, Virve, Virvi (Estonia)

Fanni, Fiona, Virva, Virve (Finland)

Charles (France)

Agnes, Karl, Volker (Germany)

Efthalia, Evthalia, Troadios (Greece)

Lujza (Hungary)

Ava, Basileo, Simpilicio (Italy)

Laila, Lavīze, Luīze (Latvia)

Dautara, Eitautas, Elena, Marcelinas (Lithuania)

Erna, Ernst (Norway)

Absalon, Franciszek, Halszka, Helena, Henryk, Januaria, Krzysztof, Lew, Michał, Paweł, Piotr, Radosław, Symplicjusz (Poland)

Nicolae, Teodot (Romania)

Anežka (Slovakia)

Simplicio (Spain)

Erna, Ernst (Sweden)

Absalom, Aksel, Axel, Chad, Chadwick (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 61 of 2023; 304 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 4 of week 9 of 2023

Celtic Tree Calendar: Nuin (Ash) [Day 12 of 28]

Chinese: Month 2 (Yi-Mao), Day 11 (Ji-Wei)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 9 Adar 5783

Islamic: 9 Sha’ban 1444

J Cal: 1 Ver; Oneday [1 of 30]

Julian: 17 February 2023

Moon: 80%: Waxing Gibbous

Positivist: 5 Aristotle (3rd Month) [Democritus]

Runic Half Month: Tyr (Cosmic Pillar) [Day 7 of 15]

Season: Winter (Day 72 of 90)

Zodiac: Pisces (Day 11 of 29)

Calendar Changes

Ver (J Calendar) [Month 3 of 12]

[thenationaltv243]

Citizenship Amendment Bill: Dilemma of Distortion

The Citizenship(Amendment) Bill, 2019, of the Parliament of India amended the citizenship Act of 1955 providing a path to Indian citizenship for religious minorities from Pakistan,Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The Bill has passed by both the Houses and the Bill also gets President’s assent.