#Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Important Questions

[solvednotes]

Ch-01 Resources and Development - MCQs and Q&A Complete Guide

Prepare confidently for your Class 10 Geography exams with this complete guide on Chapter 01 – Resources and Development from the NCERT textbook Contemporary India II. This post includes a wide range of exam-ready MCQs, Very Short Answer (VSA), Short Answer (SA), and Long Answer (LA) questions with answers—all written in simple, student-friendly language. Whether you’re revising key points,…

[khanncert]

NCERT Books for Class 9: A Comprehensive Guide to Building a Strong Academic Foundation

Class 9 is a crucial stage in a student’s academic journey, as it lays the foundation for higher classes and introduces more complex concepts across all subjects. The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) books are widely recognized as the primary study material for students in India, especially those enrolled in schools affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). These books are meticulously designed to provide in-depth knowledge while ensuring clarity and accessibility for students of varying abilities. This article delves into the significance of NCERT books for Class 9, their unique features, and how they contribute to academic success.

Why Are NCERT Books Important for Class 9?

NCERT books are considered the gold standard for academic study in Indian schools, and this is particularly true for Class 9. Here's why they hold such importance:

Conceptual Clarity: NCERT books emphasize a strong understanding of fundamental concepts. Rather than overloading students with unnecessary details, the content is streamlined to focus on essential ideas. This clarity is crucial in Class 9, as students encounter new topics that form the base for Class 10 and beyond.

Aligned with CBSE Curriculum: These books strictly adhere to the CBSE syllabus, ensuring that students study only what is required for their examinations. This alignment also makes NCERT books the most reliable source for CBSE board exams.

Wide Acceptance in Competitive Exams: NCERT books are highly recommended for competitive exams like JEE, NEET, and UPSC. Class 9 concepts, especially in subjects like Mathematics and Science, form a significant portion of the syllabus for these exams.

Cost-Effective and Accessible: NCERT books are affordable and widely available in print and digital formats. The NCERT’s initiative to provide free e-books on their official website has further improved access to quality education materials.

Features of NCERT Books for Class 9

Structured Presentation: The chapters in NCERT books are well-organized and presented systematically. Each chapter begins with an introduction to the topic, followed by examples, illustrations, and exercises that reinforce the concepts discussed.

Language Simplicity: The language used in NCERT books is straightforward and easy to understand. This ensures that students grasp complex concepts without feeling overwhelmed.

Inclusion of Practical Knowledge: NCERT books often provide real-life examples and applications of theoretical concepts. For instance, Science books include experiments and activities to make learning more engaging and interactive.

Illustrations and Diagrams: Visual aids like diagrams, charts, and tables are extensively used to simplify complex topics, especially in subjects like Science and Geography.

End-of-Chapter Exercises: NCERT books include a variety of questions at the end of each chapter, ranging from objective-type to descriptive questions. These exercises are crucial for exam preparation and help students test their understanding of the topics.

Subject-Wise Overview of NCERT Books for Class 9

1. Mathematics

The NCERT Mathematics book for Class 9 introduces concepts like Polynomials, Coordinate Geometry, and Linear Equations. It emphasizes problem-solving skills and logical reasoning, preparing students for advanced topics in higher classes. Each chapter includes solved examples, practice questions, and summaries for better comprehension.

2. Science

The Science textbook is divided into three sections: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Topics such as Motion, Atoms and Molecules, and Diversity in the Living World are presented in a simple yet engaging manner. Practical experiments and activities are included to enhance conceptual understanding.

3. Social Science

Social Science comprises History, Geography, Political Science, and Economics. The books provide a detailed exploration of topics like the French Revolution, Natural Vegetation, Electoral Politics, and Poverty as a Challenge. The use of case studies and maps makes these subjects more relatable and interesting.

4. English

The NCERT English books for Class 9, including "Beehive" and "Moments," focus on language development, comprehension, and creative writing skills. Through prose, poetry, and supplementary stories, these books encourage students to appreciate literature while improving their communication abilities.

5. Hindi and Sanskrit

For language subjects like Hindi and Sanskrit, NCERT books introduce students to grammar, vocabulary, and literary works. These books aim to strengthen linguistic skills while fostering an appreciation for India’s rich literary heritage.

Conclusion

NCERT books for Class 9 are invaluable resources that provide a solid foundation for academic success. Their focus on conceptual clarity, simplicity, and relevance ensures that students are well-prepared for both school exams and competitive exams. By thoroughly studying NCERT books and utilizing their exercises effectively, Class 9 students can achieve a deeper understanding of their subjects and build confidence for future challenges. Embracing these books as a primary study resource is a step toward academic excellence and holistic learning. Originally Published: Blogspot.com

[nithiyanantha]

How to Tackle NCERT Books for IAS Preparation in Coimbatore?

Preparing for the UPSC Civil Services Examination is a challenging yet rewarding journey. One of the first steps in this process is mastering NCERT books, which form the foundation of IAS preparation. NCERT books provide clarity, conceptual depth, and are often a source of direct questions in the exam. For IAS aspirants in Coimbatore, leveraging these resources effectively can significantly enhance their preparation.

If you're an aspirant seeking guidance, especially from a TNPSC coaching centre in Coimbatore, this guide will help you navigate the NCERTs with confidence.

Why Are NCERT Books Essential for IAS Preparation?

NCERT books are invaluable because:

Conceptual Clarity: They explain topics in simple language, making them perfect for beginners.

Reliable Information: These books are published by a trusted authority and adhere to the UPSC syllabus.

Question Relevance: Many questions in UPSC Prelims and Mains are directly or indirectly based on NCERT content.

For IAS aspirants in Coimbatore, starting with NCERTs ensures a strong base to tackle advanced materials later on.

Steps to Tackle NCERT Books for IAS Preparation

1. Create a Booklist

Focus on specific NCERT books relevant to the IAS syllabus. Here’s a suggested list:

History: Class 6-12 (Our Past, Themes of World History)

Geography: Class 6-12 (The Earth, Fundamentals of Human Geography)

Polity: Class 9-12 (Democratic Politics, Indian Constitution at Work)

Economics: Class 9-12 (Understanding Economic Development, Indian Economic Development)

Science: Class 6-10 for basics, and Class 11-12 selectively.

At a TNPSC coaching centre in Coimbatore, you may receive detailed guidance on how to prioritize these books effectively.

2. Understand the Exam Relevance

Before diving into reading, understand the connection between NCERTs and the UPSC syllabus. For example:

Polity chapters provide the base for the Indian Constitution.

Geography books help answer map-based questions.

A good IAS or TNPSC coaching centre in Coimbatore will often align these NCERT topics with UPSC question trends, helping you focus on the right areas.

3. Start with Basics

Begin with lower-class NCERTs (Classes 6-8) for easier chapters, then move to higher-level ones (Classes 9-12). This progression ensures clarity and avoids overwhelming yourself with complex topics early on.

4. Make Notes

Highlight important points while reading.

Create concise, topic-wise notes for quick revision.

Use flowcharts and diagrams to simplify concepts.

Example: For geography, sketch maps to remember physical features and states.

5. Revise Regularly

Revising NCERTs at least 2-3 times is essential. This repetition strengthens memory and allows you to grasp deeper connections between topics.

6. Solve Questions

Attempt questions provided at the end of NCERT chapters.

Practice NCERT-based mock tests available online or through coaching institutes.

7. Supplement with Advanced Resources

Once you've mastered NCERTs, move to standard reference books like Laxmikanth’s Indian Polity or Ramesh Singh’s Indian Economy.

Expert Insights on NCERT Preparation

Statistics to Consider: Around 60-70% of UPSC Prelims questions are traceable to NCERT concepts.

Expert Quote: “NCERT books are the bedrock of UPSC preparation. If you don���t build a strong foundation, advanced materials won’t help much,” says an IAS mentor from a reputed TNPSC coaching centre in Coimbatore.

Benefits of Studying NCERTs for IAS in Coimbatore

Accessibility:

NCERT books are widely available in bookstores and libraries across Coimbatore.

Coaching Support:

Institutes offering IAS or TNPSC coaching in Coimbatore often include NCERT-focused classes in their curriculum.

Peer Learning:

Join study groups in Coimbatore to discuss and clarify doubts related to NCERT topics.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Skipping Basics: Jumping to advanced books without covering NCERTs can lead to gaps in understanding.

Reading Without Notes: Passive reading without note-taking reduces retention.

Ignoring Revision: Not revisiting NCERTs before exams may lead to forgetting key concepts.

Conclusion

Tackling NCERT books effectively is a non-negotiable step in the IAS preparation journey. For aspirants in Coimbatore, leveraging resources like libraries, online platforms, and expert mentorship from a reputed TNPSC coaching centre in Coimbatore can make a world of difference.

Take the first step today by creating your NCERT booklist and committing to a structured reading plan. If you’re seeking professional guidance, visit [PM IAS Academy ] to explore our tailored IAS preparation programs.

Ready to ace the IAS exam? Join our specialized NCERT-focused workshops in Coimbatore! Contact us now to learn more.

[icantd0math]

My tips on scoring 95%+ in your class 10 boards

This can be general exam tips for any kind of exam, but these are specific learnings I got through studying for my cbse class 10 boards.

First off a lil intro- I got 482/500 in my boards w a 98 in science, math and social studies. I’m actually pretty proud of my performance and I will say that a lot of hard work has been done to get to this point.

Let’s start off with some general tips

- think of every single chapter test/internal examination in your school as if it is the final board exam. Push to give your best. Go the extra mile. Trust me it makes a lot of difference.

- Be 100% thorough with your ncert textbooks. Do not slack off on this because book back questions for science and math are really important.

- Understand and analyse the mistakes you make in your internal exams. I’d recommend keeping a small notebook where you mention and note down the mistakes you’ve made. You can understand your shortcomings and focus on those parts.

- Plan your days properly especially when you get study holidays. Don’t waste your time, and ensure you study the subjects you’re weak in.

- I don’t have any particular tips for languages other than doing a LOT of writing practice because the most common way to loose mark in second languages (be it anything) is spelling mistakes.

- Past year papers are your best friend.

Math

- RD Sharma’s math guide book was a literal life saver. I finished almost every problem there and don’t worry you’re going to have a lot of time to do it.

- Practice, practice and more practice. Math was probably the trickiest subject and spent most of my time on it.

- Write every single step down. Scoring in cbse depends on step marks. So understand the marking scheme for every type of question. Write formulas down, write your assumption for x, write down your entire thought process. Imagine your explaining a certain sum to a kid and present it that way.

- Time your practice tests. Every single one of my classmates struggled with this. Make sure you spend only a certain amount of time for certain section and move on fast. My usual way of attempting the paper was in this particular order:

1. 1 marks - 15 mins

2. 4 marks- 50 mins

3. 3 marks- 50 mins

4. 2 marks - 30 mins

The rest to check and attempt sums I may have left because I didn’t know at first.

- don’t slack off on math. Spend your free time on this and it will pay off. After you understand the concepts properly math will get really easy. 10th grade math is easier than 9th grade if I’m being honest.

-Optional exercise is a scam. I repeat, a scam. Your teacher will force you to do it, just buckle up and do it. I can’t say it’s absolutely important but it definitely enhances concept understanding.

- After you get a hang of all the concepts, practice ncert exemplar because it challenges your brain to apply concepts you’ve already learnt in a higher level.

- Look through past papers to note what kind of questions are being asked for 4 marks and other higher level questions. After practising a lot you’ll notice a pattern and you’ll pretty much be able to predict the questions.

Science

- I used Arihant All in one guide for science and let me tell you that is a lifesaver.

- in text and book back questions are really important.

- For science, exemplar questions are more important than in math and will definitely be asked. Practice them.

- Write your long answers in bullet points esp for biology.

- I made a booklet of questions for myself. (For Chem and bio) It’s really useful to review in the last min. Writing down questions helps you to understand the concept from multiple perspectives.

- Please please make sure you completely understand the concepts in physics especially. Don’t try to memorise, questions will not be direct.

- I used khan academy to learn most of my physics and it was really well explained. Other YouTube teachers deserve a round of applause for how much they’ve saved my ass.

- I also used S Chand’s guidebook a little because it explains the concepts from the very beginning as if you’re a toddler. Very helpful to gain better understanding but not necessary at all.

- Do not forget to practice the diagrams in bio.

Social studies

- this is such an exhausting subject. So much theory 😫

- I used Arihant All in one for this too. Using this CLEARLY gave me an advantage over my peers. 100% will recommend. Using the guidebook gave me structured answers and access to previous years questions.

- History is pretty interesting for the most part. Understand the years and flow of events. Note down the main points of every single subtopic because any random sub topic can be asked as a question.

- Making/drawing Graphic organisers is helpful to arrange your thoughts.

- Write key words down.

- Geography(I hated it) was pretty tiring. after reading the chapter once you’ll get a hang of the key ideas and main questions that can come. There’s nothing tricky in that.

- Repeat and write down main points in geography tho. Because the only hard part is to retain all the information. Make sure you study everything because data orientated one mark question will be asked.

- Democratic politics was an easy part too. I literally studied most of it from the guide book. The basic advice applies here.

- For economics- read every book and corner of your textbook. because since it has such little content, anything can be asked and you can easily loose your marks in the 1 mark section.

- Please practice map a lot of times. I’ll repeat it- a LOT of times. This is where most students loose marks. Look at the list of maps given on the cbse website, and practice according to that.

Hope you get a lot of studying and practice done because this is a tough year. It is really easy to emerge victorious and all one needs is dedication. You need to make sure you give your best. Please try not to compare yourself to others( I know it is hard). Devote your time properly. Hope this helped you and all the best!

[angeog2260]

Reflection on Applied Human Geography (GEOG*2260)

Throughout Applied Human Geography, GEOG*2260, I not only learned about the research process as a whole, but I also gained skills I will continue to use in my future. Below, I will express my thoughts regarding my knowledge and topics I found confusing on human geographical research.

These three things I know for certain about human geography research:

Deconstruction of media events and textual material is something I know for certain as I used this approach for the DSP. Textual information and analyses are predicated on a constructionist epistemology, meaning that the world is socially constructed and mediated (Hay, 2016, chapter 1). While the media is often a common source of the portrayal of information, it was interesting to apply my skills to analyze research articles and ensure that I am limiting common problems in human geographic research.

Another thing that I know for certain (and one of my favourite things to learn about), was Peggy McIntosh’s concept of invisible backpacks. Initially, she began using this term to explore women's studies and how women and underrepresented races were in experience of oppression, denial and/or disadvantage (Hooykaas, 2021). I find this to be very interesting because it can not only be applied in this class but in other social aspects of life. For example, while we live through unprecedented times with the ongoing pandemic, we all need to realize that others are impacted differently and have different underlying circumstances.

The final thing that I know for certain is the idea of focus groups in a study. A focus group method involves a small group of people to discuss a topic or issue defined by a researcher (Hay, 2016, chapter 10). Focus groups allow individuals to speak their truth on a matter more specifically while also allowing a semi-structured interview style. This creates a more accepting environment, enabling the participants to feel more at ease and more thoughtfully answered questions (Hooykaas, 2021).

These three things I am still confused by:

Although I do have a strong understanding of the research process and everything that is incorporated and associated with that, there are still some topics that confuse me. I often find myself questioning how to start a research process, more specifically, what approach to take. I find that often there is overlap between the best approach to take, and I believe with a bit more practice (as I am still a `rookie’ researcher), I would be able to confine to the best approach to take.

I also got confused with the flat coding type, versus a hierarchical coding type. I understand the basis of it, but reviewing back to the blog post about coding, I had a debate with myself of which one is more practical to use and how to apply this to a scenario. After reading up and allowing myself to understand and engage in the coding frames, I was able to determine what is best for that scenario, but I still often get confused with the difference between them.

The third thing that I get confused with is ensuring that I am evaluating reliable sources for my studies. The media is often so easy to get swayed one way, and although it may seem reliable, it has the possibility of being biased or misrepresentative of the topic. With the help of this class, I have been more adamant about checking the source of the article and their credentials. The process in qualitative research requires that writers explicitly state the criteria by which a reader can assess the trustworthiness of a given piece of research (Hay, 2016, chapter 19).

These three things I know for certain about me as a human geographic researcher:

I am confident in some of my skills as a human geographic researcher, one of them being understanding how power can influence a study. Power relations exist beyond the relationship of the researcher and the participant (Hay, 2016, chapter 2). It is crucial to consider these aspects of direct and indirect power in a study as this can alter the final outcome of the study, and perhaps enhance potential biases as well.

I also understand the concept of reflexivity and how to apply it to human geographic research. Reflexivity is a process of constant, self-conscious scrutiny of the self as a researcher and of the research process (Hay, 2016, chapter 2). In ‘easier to understand’ terms, it is simply analyzing the situation as if it were something you were studying (Hay, 2016, chapter 2). This is important to consider and break down the social relations that are being enacted and how those relations can influence the data.

Another thing that I know for certain about myself as a human geographic researcher, is that if I were to do research in the future, I would lean more to quantitative data rather than qualitative data. Although I do enjoy hearing other people’s stories and gaining insights on topics that are crucial nowadays, I enjoy the quantitative aspect more.

These three areas I need to spend time developing/learning in order to feel more confident in my skills:

I need to spend some time developing and applying my knowledge in the field to real-life scenarios. Understanding the course content from a literal context differs from the application to case studies and other geographical problems in human research.

Another issue that I need to spend some time working on is coding. Coding allows the researcher to confine their studies. The purposes of coding are for data reduction, organization and a substantive press of data exploration (Hay, 2016, chapter 18). I think with more assistance on how specifically to code, and understanding what data is relevant to the study versus what is not would assist my confidence.

I understand the research process as a whole, but there are aspects in the process that if I worked on, I would feel more confident. One of my biggest worries as a researcher would be the process of writing up analyzed data and confining it to ensure that there are no biases. I would look to use a latent content analysis, which is searching the document for themes (Hay, 2016, chapter 8). This would be an asset because I could find the common themes that arise, then code them based on that matter.

Resources:

Hay, I. (2016). Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography. Toronto. Oxford University Press.

Hooykaas, A. (2021). Applied Human Geography (GEOG*2260) Lecture Notes. University of Guelph.

[aal-archaeology]

Words from a so-far successful archaeologist (25 years old/recent Ph.D. admit)

Hello Everyone!  I have revived my Tumblr to find many messages asking “what do I do next” when it comes to Archaeology/Anthropology. So I thought I’d create a post explaining what I went through to get to where I am now, and hopefully give some information to those who are pondering on the next steps to take in this truly wonderful field of study.  Quick academic about me: 

Undergrad: Ivy League, Major: Anthropology-Geography, Minor: Religion

After Undergrad: 1 year of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) & Substitute teaching

Graduate School: England MSc in Archaeological Information Systems

After Graduate: 10-month long research grant in Cambodia

Now: (USA)  Ph.D. Candidate in Anthropology, Archaeology Track

I come from a low-middle class family, all of my academics have been funded through financial aid or through grants that I’ve applied for. A lot of the time school and research can get expensive, but that doesn’t mean you have to be wealthy to pursue it!

Per usual, please feel free to DM me at any point with questions (here or IG @ aal.archaeology), I’m always happy to help to the best of my ability. Success in this field is really dependent on networking!

I’ll set this up based on the various landmarks of my academic career: 

1. Undergrad

Themes: Ask for help, build your resume, write down everything

No matter where you are going to school, it is so so so important to use the resources around you. Becoming a professor is HARD work, and each one of your professors went through a lot to be able to stand in front of you and teach you. They’ve likely had years and years of research experience, which is probably still happening behind the scenes of teaching and grading papers. More often than not, professors want to help you, they want students to be excited about the research they’ve worked so hard on, and they want to do what they can to help you achieve your career goals.  Therefore, if there’s a class you’ve taken or a professor whose research you’re interested in, tell them. This is how I got my first experience with archaeology (before I even knew that I wanted to do archaeology). I randomly took an Anthropology class that sounded cool, and after the first class, I was like WOW I love this topic so much and I really want to know more about it. I went up to the professor that was teaching it, told her I was really interested and asked if she knew of any research opportunities available. She then hired me as a student researcher in her lab to do data entry for one of her archaeological projects in Mesoamerica, and after working for her for a few months, she asked me if I wanted to go with her and her team to Mexico for fieldwork. 

         (my timeline at this point: 19 years old, end of Sophomore year)

From this experience, I learned how to apply to grants within the University and funding outside of the University, and was able to FULLY fund my research experience in Mexico. During this fieldwork, I got to work with 3000-year-old artifacts, do archaeoillustration, and eventually got my own chapter published in the book that my professor wrote about the research that was done.

After I got back from Mexico, I started exploring archaeology further. A new professor entered the department who specialized in “digital archaeology,” and his research involved tracking looting patters in Syria using satellite imagery. I thought this was crazy so I then went up to him and asked if I could help him with his research. (the common theme throughout this entire process is just asking for help). From this experience, I learned that I loved the possibilities that technology brought to the study of archaeology, everything from 3D modeling to identification of sites in satellite imagery to spatial mapping in GIS. With this professor, I was able to form an “internship” with him, and continued doing that and other minor projects within the department. I ended up modifying my major to incorporate coursework from the Geography department and created my own “Digital Archaeology” major.

        (my timeline at this point: 22 years old, Senior year)

As graduation began to creep closer, I had been able to get a good amount of lines on my resume. I had:

research assistant/ data entry

fieldwork in mesoamerica

x2 internships with digital archaeology prof

multiple “small” projects around the department i.e. making posters, painting 3D prints of bones,

all of the coursework I had done on GIS/ relevant digital experience

started a drone club at my school (it flopped, but it still counts as a line on the resume!)

All of these lines became useful when starting to think of jobs and the “next step”

UNDERGRAD HIGHLIGHTS & TAKEAWAYS:

Ask for help, your professors are there for a reason, it will almost always lead you to new opportunities. These relationships last well beyond your graduation and definitely come in handy later, make it count!

Write down EVERYTHING that you do. Did you help out with a conference? Write it down. Did you do a couple hours of data entry? Write it down.

Follow your leads! I started my anth journey in Mesoamerica and ended my undergrad in Near Easter digital archaeology (and I entered college wanting to do astronomy?). Change is natural, let it happen.  

2. Gap Year Between Undergrad and Grad School

Highlights: Job applications, field school, CRM, uncertainty

Something that I was always told during my undergrad was that you really need to do a field school and some CRM to be taken seriously post-grad. This shows that you actually want to be an archaeologist outside of the classroom environment. Field Schools and CRM give you valuable experience such as: excavation methodology, report writing, grant applications, teamwork, leadership, etc. 

I started applying for jobs probably about 5 months before I graduated and ended up securing a job at a CRM company in LA. They liked how much I had done during my undergrad, but they really wanted me to have a field school under my belt before I started working for them. Because I had already graduated and didn’t need course credit, I was able to do my field school at a discounted price (these things really do get expensive, and this was a difference of about $2k). I think this worked out in my favor waiting until the summer after I graduated because it saved me a lot of money in the end. 

After my field school was done, I started work that September in CRM. This job ended up being nothing like what I thought it would be, to be honest. I was an Archaeological Field Technician that was part-time/on-call, meaning I only got work when they needed someone to go monitor a construction site. I only got work once every month, sometimes every couple of months, so I was making hardly any money. I realized this quickly and decided to become a substitute teacher to supplement the CRM job. I HIGHLY recommend doing this if you end up in the same situation. Not only does subbing fill up all of your non-working days, but it also gives you the flexibility to choose when you can work and gives you teaching experience that you can put on your resume. That CRM experience can be really important, so it’s good to stick it out long enough to quit.

      Why didn’t I like CRM? For me, my job was very sparse, included driving long hours to a construction site, sitting there all day in case archaeological material popped up, and then driving home. Sometimes it was just walking back and forth across a massive field full of cow poop looking for arrowheads, and often it felt like I was just clearing land so that a big building could be erected. I was really missing the research component to all of it. The pay was also not great. 

GAP YEAR HIGHLIGHTS AND TAKEAWAYS:

What I got from this year was very valuable, even though it wasn’t necessarily that fun, however. 

I got the experience I needed in CRM

I got some teaching experience (also volunteered to mentor clubs and research at local high schools during this time)

I started doing some networking (I found some alumni that were doing work that I wanted to be doing and reached out to them)

and most importantly, I realized that I really do love school and wanted to go back for my Masters

So I started looking into Masters's programs. This is kind of a scary thing especially in the US because school is expensive. I still really wanted to do Digital Archaeology, and I couldn’t find a single program in the US had a focus in this topic, and especially couldn’t find one that I was willing to pay for. 

The UK, however, had plenty of Digital Archaeology programs, and the programs were only a year long and a fraction of the price in the US. I decided to take a chance and apply, got in, and then suddenly I was moving to England. (in hindsight I really didn’t spend much time at all making this decision, but it worked out in the end). 

3. Masters Program

         (my timeline at this point: 23-24 years old)

I chose the program I applied to based on its focus on the techniques that I wanted to use, namely, remote sensing, GIS, and 3D modeling. I really wanted a degree qualification that spoke for itself, and therefore applied for an MSc in “Archaeological Information Systems.” 

I had done some networking during my gap year and connected with an alumnus who was doing research in Cambodia using digital methods, and she offered me the opportunity to join her fieldwork. I agreed to join her in Cambodia during my degree, and also applied for a research grant for the year following my master's degree to continue fieldwork in Cambodia. 

I used this opportunity to fuel my dissertation topic and focused all of my writing and coursework throughout my grad school experience around Cambodia. While I was surrounded by people studying Roman architecture and Medieval Studies, I spent my time doing independent work and building a network in Cambodia. 

This program was a great experience for the most part, I was surrounded by beautiful medieval architecture and had a great community throughout. I personally didn’t really like the UK school system compared to what I had received in the US, however. This was largely because of the way coursework was set up. (If you want to know more just DM me).

MASTERS HIGHLIGHTS AND TAKEAWAYS:

Follow networking opportunities, and find someone doing what you want to do (or close to it) and let them help you take the steps to get there

If you’re going to do grad school, do it in something you know you love. Don’t waste money on a program that isn’t right for you.

Make sure that the program you apply to allows for flexibility so that you can do research on what YOU want, not what THEY want.

Halfway through my Master's degree, I received word that I had been accepted for the research grant (Fulbright) and would spend the next year living in Cambodia doing independent research.

4. Gap Year Between Masters Program and PhD

If you’re planning on a Ph.D., I think its a really good idea to do something before applying that relates to what you want to be studying. This shows that you’re dedicated to your research and to a life in academia, and have the ability to produce something from your work. 

My master's degree was nice because 1) it was short, only a year-long, and 2) allowed me to focus research on what I was interested in. This gave me the experience I needed to lead into a year of independent research.

This year of independent research was definitely contingent on receiving the grant in the first place, and I think that I would have started job searching again had I not received it. However, the small things I did leading up to applying for it really helped in qualifying me to receive it. 

     I had:

All of the undergraduate research experience

CRM experience

teaching experience

fieldwork experience

a master’s degree that focused on the region 

established a network of people in the country beforehand

a couple “publications” from fieldwork 

This grant fully funds me living in Cambodia, and has allowed me to participate in cultural exchange with some amazing people here in addition to allowing me to partake in archaeological fieldwork across the country. 

Again, I cannot stress enough how important it is to network. If you like something, find someone else who likes the same thing, send them an email.

Networking got me my experience in Mesoamerica, Digital Archaeology, my CRM job, my research experience in Cambodia, and so so much more. All because I sent that first email.

5. PhD Applications

I applied to 1 school. I got in. Its a really good school. I’m still in shock. 

However, I think I really did set myself up for success in this one. 

The biggest advice I can give in the world of Academia is:

NETWORK

Talking to people who have gone through what you’re going through are the BEST help. They can mentor you through these experiences, offer you new opportunities, or lead you in the direction of someone else who can help.

PLAN AHEAD (but be open to change)

Okay, so you’re applying to grad school. What do you want to focus on while you’re there? What do you want to do with the degree when you’re done? Do you want to start working? Do you want to do more research? What opportunities are out there for research funding? What is the job market looking for? Is there anyone in my network that can help me get there?

None of these have to be concrete plans, they just have to exist in some shape or form so that you have the ability to latch on to one when the opportunity arises.

If you’re doing something that you love doing, you’ll find a way to make it happen. All opportunity comes from the amount of effort you put into getting it! Thanks for reading and best of luck on your studies! Also Happy Anthropology Day! :)  -Lyss 

[jbgeog2260]

Reflecting on a Semester in Applied Human Geography

Introduction:

As a first-year geography student, and having only taken one human-specific geography course before this, there have been many things that I have learned which have expanded my understanding of both geography and research in general, as well as things that I still need to dive deeper into to fully grasp. 

What I Know About Human Geography:

Something I learned early on in the course that I felt shaped the rest of the course content, was how qualitative data in human geography differs from quantitative data and the impact this has on research in this field. While working with humans and studying their relationship with and across space, it is extremely important to consider how the research could impact them and how this subjective data could be interpreted differently by both the researcher and the participant (Hay, 2016, Chapter 1). 

This is why I believe critical reflexivity and ethics are two of the most important aspects of human geography. To be critically reflexive means that, as well as focusing on the research itself, researchers must focus on how the research is being done, the process, and who they are as a researcher (Hay, 2016, Chapter 1). Specifically, the researcher should look at their position of power and how that could influence the participant’s engagement in the research process and the way the participants are perceived in the final write-up (Hay, 2016, Chapter 1). 

On top of that, critical reflexivity also includes understanding that since everyone is different; comes from different places and has different opinions, human geographic data will be subjective and that the way the researcher perceives the data could potentially be different than how the participant meant it (Hay, 2016, Chapter 1). 

Similar to critical reflexivity, ethical issues can arise during qualitative research because all subjects are different and can be affected by the research. Ethics is all about making sure the research participants are respected throughout the process. While critical reflexivity focuses on data being acquired throughout the process, ethical considerations occur beforehand and focus on how the participants could be impacted by the study. By participating in research, people have to sacrifice something to be a part of it, whether it be time, vulnerability or privacy (Hooykaas, 2021, Week 3). For this reason, ethical considerations also consist of thinking about how the participants can be compensated and how their privacy and vulnerability can be concealed and protected (Hooykaas, 2021, Week 3). 

Things I Am Confused By:

Looking back through my notes, I feel as though I have a good understating of the majority of research methods discussed in class. However, there are a couple of aspects I am still confused by. The first is some of the research approaches from the first lecture such as naturalist, anti-naturalist, realism, anti-realism, which I was unable to find a clear description of in the textbook. 

Second is how this course focused on two types of human research; research done directly with other humans, and research based on past studies through analyzing data. What I am stumped on here is whether the research methods we learned about in class only relate to research done directly with other humans, or if they can also be used in acquiring data from the past. This became confusing to me when working on the digital storytelling project as we were asked to name research techniques for our project, however, the only research we could do was analyzing peer-reviewed journals and other articles. 

Lastly, I found that when doing many of my blog posts such as analyzing the research done on Agafia Lykov and my dream research project, I often missed crucial ethical considerations that should have been made. For this reason, while I have a good understanding of the importance of making ethical, I feel as though I am still confused about specifically what considerations should be made in certain situations. 

What I know for Certain about me as a Human Geographic Researcher:

As I have said in previous blogs, my interest in geography stems from the physical side of geography. Therefore, as a human geographer, I would be more drawn to researching issues and topics heavily involving the environment, such as the Kiribati Islands case study. 

Along with this, I have noticed I do not love analyzing and reading through articles to acquire data. For this reason, I believe most of my research would be done in the field, interacting with other humans and using research methods like grounded theory, participant observation, semi-structured interviews to have the most authentic in-person research experience possible (Hay, 2016, Chapter 1). I also feel confident in these areas, especially interviews. Here, I understand the importance of using different styled questions depending on the circumstance, and overall starting with broad, descriptive questions to ease into the interview and slowly becoming more specific using, storytelling, opinion, structural, and contrast questions (Hay, 2016, Chapter 8). 

While I don't love analyzing articles, I believe that when the time does come, I will have success in doing so, as I feel I have developed strong coding skills throughout this class. In general, I would prefer using deductive coding with a flat frame to acquire information fast, however, if my research required lots of information and data, I would use inductive coding with a hierarchical frame to make sure it stayed organized and connected (Hooykaas, 2021, Week 8).

Areas I Need To Spend Time Developing In Order To Feel More Confident In My Skills:

Something I feel I have struggled with not only in this course but also in other courses is assessing the value of data. I find that when doing research, articles with good authority often have too much information, causing them to have a weaker scope, while sources with a strong scope and get right to the point are many times influenced by an outside authority (Hooykaas, 2021, Week 5). Ideally, I would acquire data from sources with a strong scope in order to save time, however, I find I still have a difficult time knowing whether or not they are indeed valid. I believe that developing my skills in this area would be extremely beneficial as it would allow me to do my research in the most efficient way possible. 

Another area I need to work on is writing in the third person when writing up geographical data. Since human geography is subjective, using the third person can turn data from an opinion and interpretation to actual facts, ensuring that the author has no impact on the results (Hay, 2016, Chapter 10). This can be difficult to do because qualitative data is required to be interpreted when forming a conclusion since results from humans are not set in stone like quantitative data.

Lastly, since I am confused about what specific ethical considerations should be made when preparing for a research project, I believe it would be beneficial to spend time analyzing past research projects and focusing on what ethical considerations were made in order to enhance my skills in this area. 

Conclusion

Overall I enjoyed this class! And while human geography is not necessarily my passion like physical geography, I believe I developed many skills that I can take out of this field and use in many aspects of my academic life.

References

Hay, I. (2016). Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780199010912/

Hooykaas, A. (2021). Lecture Notes from GEOG 2260: Applied Human Geography

[valpy-blog]

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Question 1. Why is transportation necessary? Answer: Transportation is necessary:

for the movement of goods and services from their supply location to demand location, i.e. to link production centres with consumption centres.

for the movement of people from one region to the other.

for carrying out trade…

[jiminandlemonade-blog]

Penpals / Don’t Leave Me - Part 11

Jimin:  

Series: Fluff/minor angst  

PART 11/15

New to the series? Part 1

Missed the last chapter? Part 10

Finally. Somewhere you belonged. At school, you never believed that you fit in with the crowd but at university, everyone was accepted and you loved it.

Your father was right, you did need Jimin's letters to comfort you as you settled in. It was a fear of the unknown being comforted by another unknown, that being, if you’d ever speak to him again.  

You met some amazing friends at University and 2 of them, you even considered your best friends, Rebecca and Amelia. They were both just as misunderstood as you were but you all understood each other, it was nice. 

 *6 months later*

It had been 6 months since you moved to University and there was still no contact with Jimin. You stayed in contact with Jihyun. He always messaged you on a Sunday to find out how you week had been and if you were feeling okay. You always lied. Of course you weren't okay. You had lost the love of your life and you had no idea when or if you'd ever speak to him again.  

"Jihyun, I've got to go" you said as Rebecca and Amelia walked into your dorm. "Ooooh, who’s that?" They asked, making kissing noises and faces after you ended the call. You hadn't told them about Jimin. You didn't want your non-existent love life to be a burden on them. "Just an old friend" you smiled, not lying.  

"I think there's something more going on" Rebecca laughed, sitting next to you on the bed and nudging your shoulder hard that you fell onto your pillow cushions. "Me too" Amelia agreed, composing herself after laughing from watching you dead ass fall from the slightest of nudges.  

"There's nothing, honestly.. It's just Jihyun" you stated. You came off like a closed book. You didn't want them to know about Jimin, even though you felt they needed too.  

"Um Y/N, is everything okay? Just recently you've seemed a bit.. Off.." Amelia questioned. "Yeah, that's what we actually came to talk to you about" Rebecca finished off.

Everything wasn't okay. You hadn't been right since your birthday 2 weeks ago. You expected something to turn up at the dorm, for Jihyun to say he had a message from Jimin.. Anything. But nothing came.  

Tears filled your eyes once more and you didn't want to lie to your best friends. These people knew everything about your past apart from what you considered the most important part, losing the love of your life.

"We didn't mean to upset you" Amelia soothed, rubbing your back as Rebecca knelt down in front of you with a concerned look on her face. "Yous didn't. But girls.. We need to talk..".  

They both sat bolt up right next to you on the bed, not knowing what to expect. You laughed at how protective they seemed. "I'm just going to go over here" you pointed to the floor, giggling. "Seriously, it's not that bad.. Well kinda" you shrugged.

"When I was in school, you both know that I acted up. But in my Geography class, I was given a pen pal from South Korea" "Jihyun?" Rebecca questioned midsentence. "No.. Not Jihyun. Anyway, we started talking and instantly connected on levels I never thought you could connect to a person. He felt misunderstood too. He went through troubles like me too. He wanted more than just an education.. He wanted to live. You both know how I've always wanted to be an actress but decided to go down the university route? Well he had the choice between education and dancing and he went down the dancing route.. And honestly, I have never been so proud of a person. I wanted to fly to Korea and hug him. He inspired me to go on auditions. Even though I didn't get them, I got great feedback but ultimately, this is what I chose. I feel like it's definitely the right path.. But enough about me. His name is Jimin and he is Jihyun's brother"  

"Ah" Rebecca let out. "So it's a love triangle?" "Ew, no!" You shrieked at the thought of fancying Jimin's brother.. "He's wonderful but he's Jimin's brother.. Just let me continue. He understood me so much and he just always seemed to know me.. Get me? He sent me flowers when he knew I was down, called my parents to get me ice cream from the supermarket when I was stressed revising.. All of those things you know? Then he seemed to go in his shell and started apologising for not being the person I thought he was so I was very confused. To cut a long story short, he went to Seoul for an audition and was successful but needed to keep it under wraps and couldn't tell a soul. I even told him I loved him a voicemail and I don't know whether he received it.. I always wondered whether that was why he stopped talking. Then I then lost contact with him. Soon after, I received a message on a cake from a local bakery that Jimin has sent telling me to expect a letter in the post explaining why I wasn't able to contact him. The letter arrived and he was apologising for everything and that he'd speak to me when he can. I went online to find his social media accounts were all disconnected. I had no contact. Jihyun contacted me and explained everything.. But, I don't know whether I can say anything." You ranted off.

"You can tell us anything" Rebecca promised. You knew you could. You just didn't know whether you wanted to. You felt betrayed and abandoned by Jimin and didn't want to come across as looking vulnerable. "So do you think Jimin stopped talking to you because you told him you loved him?" Amelia questioned.

You sighed. "Honestly, I did at first. But then Jihyun explained the situation and like I said, I'm not sure whether he had even received it.". Obviously, since Rebecca and Amelia were your friends, they knew the course you studied. Korean. And always wondered where your passion for the subject came from. You never told them the real reason. You just explained that you fell in love with the country at school.  

There was silence whilst they tried to comprehend everything you were saying. Rebecca finally spoke up. "He taught you Korean didn't he?". You nodded. "You didn't just fall in love with the language and culture.. You fell in love with him too" Rebecca chimed in matter of factly. You nodded again.  

"You're going to have to tell us what he did.. Did he enlist?" Amelia gasped. You explained the whole of the Korean culture to them. They knew everything. They loved your passion for the country and language and could listen to you talking for hours about it. Amelia even started watching K-POP groups with you and was more obsessed than what you were..  

"No, he didn't enlist. Um, oh god, forgive me Jimin" you repeated Jihyun's words from your first conversation. "Jimin is um, he's urm.. Amelia.. He's a trainee" you explained. She gasped louder than when she questioned whether he had enlisted.

"He's a what now?" Rebecca laughed, not understanding the Korean jargon. You could see Amelia getting really excited and clenching her fists and gritting her teeth through amazement.

"A trainee is someone who is hired by an entertainment company and is trained up to be a professional entertainer whether that's a singer, dancer or actor.. Usually a singer and/or dancer and they then debut as a solo artist or musical group. It's the only normal way to become a recording artist over there" Amelia explained to Rebecca.

"Hold up" Rebecca paused Amelia's excitement. "You're trying to tell me that the K-POP groups that you listen too.. Your pen pal friend is going to be one of them?" She directed her question to you. "It's a massive possibility.. He may not be successful.. Even if he is, he may not debut for years or they may not be popular and disband before they even get an album out. It works very differently in Korea. If you're not popular from the get go, or at least have a following, you wont succeed in any manner" you explained.

"This is so much to take in" Rebecca stated, rubbing her head. "I know, imagine how I feel" you laughed off, giving them a hug and thanking them for being there for you.  

*3 months later*

You had been back home for the spring break and now back at university. Before you could even get back to your dorm, you had several missed calls from Rebecca and Amelia and some other friends who were trying to get in contact with you on their behalf.

"What's up?" You asked in the group call, trying to stick your key in the door whilst holding all of your bags. "When you get a minute, come to the library" Rebecca requested. "I've only just got here.. I'm not doing work!" You laughed. "Y/N.. Please just come to the library" Amelia sternly spoke. You were confused. This wasn't like them at all. "Is everything okay?" You queried, concerned, hitting your phone onto loud speaker as you dropped it onto the bed and dropped your bags from your arms, giving you an instant sensation of relief.  

"Yeah. I think so. Just, I can't really say much.. I don't know what to make of it. I-I don't know if.. Just get down here" Amelia spoke, just as stern as before. You were panicked. You had no idea what this could be about. "Okay, I'm coming now" you said, picking up your bag and running out of the door.  

You walked into the library and spotted their pale faces from a mile away. Rebecca even presented you with a cup of coffee and a shortbread. You knew this wasn't going to be good news. Coffee and shortbread were your comfort foods and they knew this.  

"So um, Y/N.. I don't know how to say this. I don't really know how to explain this. Hopefully it's nothing. Hopefully if it is something, you're keeping something from us too.. But we need to talk about Jimin." She explained. Your heart sank. You hadn't stopped thinking about him at all, but you were hoping as the days passed by, the pain would evaporate.. But it wasn't. If anything, it was getting harder. And your sleepless nights could vouch for that.

"J-Jimin?" You stuttered. Your hands started shaking and Rebecca put her hands around them to stop them. Your knees then started to shake and you felt weak. You knew something bad was about to happen.

"Have you spoke recently?" Amelia asked. You looked at her with a vague expression. "Well no.. I've already explained this. I have no contact" you huffed, slightly pissed she even asked you that. Amelia and Rebecca looked at each other and Rebecca muttered "fuck" under her breath. "What's going on?" You asked. "I'm getting worried". You felt that awful closing feeling at the back of your throat.

"Is his name Park Jimin and from Busan?" Amelia asked, staring at the computer screen. You looked up and dead eye stared at her. You never told her his surname or where he was from before. After your talk with Rebecca and Amelia, you never wanted to speak about it and hardlies ever did. "How did you--?" You asked before being cut off by Rebecca. "Is this him?" She asked, spinning the computer screen round in your direction.

You hadn't seen a picture of Jimin in a good few months. You stopped watching his videos he sent you because it broke your heart. The only thing you occasionally read were his letters but his image was permanently etched in your brain so there were no need for a constant photographic reminder.

You gulped and gasped at the same time. "That's him" you blinked, moving your head closer to the screen in a tilting confused motion. Rebecca looked at Amelia, obviously trying to get her to ask you a question but her words didn't seem to form.  "Y/N.. When did he say he would contact you?" Rebecca asked, gripping your hands tighter. "When he wasn't a trainee.. When he debuted" you stated, looking just as confused as ever.  

There was a moments silence and nobody knew what to say. "I'll let this do the talking" Amelia said solemnly, pressing play on the Youtube video.  

‘얌마 니 꿈은 뭐니 얌마 니 꿈은 뭐니 얌마 니 꿈은 뭐니 니 꿈은 겨우 그거니’

‘Hey what's your dream? Is that all your dream is?’

You had already had enough. You reached over your friends and tried to pause the video by using the space bar but missed. The video continued playing. Rebecca and Amelia were too focused on your face and demeanor to think about turning it off. Your heart was beating fast and the lump in your throat was getting bigger.

"He's debuted hasn't he?" You said through slightly gritted teeth. You felt pissed, hurt, alone, betrayed but ultimately, heartbroken. Amelia nodded. "I'm so sorry" they both said in unison.

There was another moments silence and you heard the song in the background.  

"That’s a lie, you such a liar See me, see me, ya you’re a hypocrite Why’re you telling to go a different path? Take care of yourself Please don’t force me" you translated out loud as you were going along with the song.

You had to admit. You loved the song. You even closed your eyes to somehow enhance your hearing sense.

"What's your dream? What's your dream? La La La La La." Jimin's voice. You took a deep breath. "That's Park Jimin alright" you smiled.  

You smiled because you were so proud. The feeling of overwhelming love and pride washed over you as soon as you saw him sing. He went to Seoul as a dancer and is now a singer.. You loved his singing voice. He even sang you to sleep over Skype sometimes. Well, in the past.  

Suddenly, you were struck down to reality. "When was this video published?" You gulped. He said he would contact you when he could. Jihyun said that Jimin would contact you. Why hadn't he? Had it just been posted?  

Neither Rebecca or Amelia said anything. "Just tell me!" You shouted in the middle of the library. You tensed your face and whispered 'sorry' the those studying around you and put your hand up to the librarians to resemble an apology.  

Amelia plucked up the courage to tell you. "Y/N.. They debuted 5 weeks ago" 

 Part 12

MASTERLIST

[falgunshah]

Know how to write effective answers in Social Science

The art of writing a good and an effective answer is a key to secure a perfect score in Social Science. Most students have a fair understanding and knowledge of the concepts and facts in Social Science but tend to lose marks if they do not know the technique of writing a good answer.

In CBSE class 10, Social Science comprises of four subjects- History, Civics, Geography and Economics. All the four subjects carry equal marks. Refer to the CBSE Class 10 social science syllabus to understand the types of chapters.

While reading the Class 10 Social Science subjects, it is essential to take down notes of important topics so that you can refer to them while preparing for exams. Important topics are those that are repeatedly asked in Board Papers.

In SST class 10 board paper, generally questions of 1, 3 and 5 marks are asked. The first step towards writing a good answer is to limit the word count of the answer based on the marks indicated against the question. So, if the question is of 1 mark, limit your answer to 30 words. If the question is of 3 marks, write the answer in about 80 words and use 100-120 words for answering a 5-mark question.

Do not fill the space unnecessary. Write precise and to the point answers. Also, write the answers in neat handwriting. Examiners may find it difficult to read shabby and an illegible handwriting. This could result in the deduction of marks.

After you get the paper, read the questions carefully and figure out the information that is asked. For example, look at the two questions below:

How did ‘Salt March’ become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism? Explain.

Why did Gandhi choose salt for civil disobedience movement?

Though the above questions may look similar but the answers of both are different. In the first question, you need to write how was ‘Salt March’ used by Gandhi against the British, while in the second question, you need to state reasons as to why he chose ‘salt’ to start the Civil Disobedience Movement.

It is suggested to write the answers of CBSE class 10 social Science questions in points. Try to write the answers of 3 and 5 marks questions in points and not in paragraphs. Generally, write 3 points for 3 marks questions and 5 points for 5 marks question. While answering such question, students should ideally write one line introduction. The introductory line could be taken from question stem too. Lengthy answers of sst class 10 questions should start from Introduction and end with a conclusion.

After you have written down the answers in points, it is recommended to underline the key words or main points in the answer. Key words are those which define the main idea of your answer. Sometimes, the examiners quickly glance through the answers and try to find the main idea or the key word.  If these are highlighted or underlined, you can get maximum marks. But remember, underline only the important text. Unnecessary and irrelevant markings in the answers may look shabby and you may end up losing marks.

At times, if it applies, you can present information in Geography and Economics in the form of flowcharts or mind maps. These make your answer look more concise and appealing. Do mention important and relevant dates in History while writing the answers.  

If you follow the guidelines that we have discussed above, you will be able to get a perfect score in CBSE class 10 Social Science. Read your NCERT chapters thoroughly, take down important points in your notebook and revise the concepts and facts. Practise writing the answers. The more you write, the better you will become. Take help of the CBSE Class 10 SST sample papers and improve the art of writing answers.

[khanncert]

Importance of NCERT books for UPSC

1.  Importance of NCERT books for UPSC:

Foundation: NCERT books provide a solid foundation for basic concepts across various subjects.

Accuracy: The information in these books is accurate and aligned with the UPSC syllabus.

Simple language: The content is presented in clear, concise language, making it easier to understand complex topics.

Cost-effective: These books are affordable compared to other study materials.

2. Recommended NCERT books for UPSC:

History: Class 6 to 12 NCERT History books

Geography: Class 6 to 12 NCERT Geography books

Polity: Class 9 to 12 NCERT Political Science books

Economics: Class 9 to 12 NCERT Economics books

Science: Class 6 to 10 NCERT Science books

3. How to use NCERT books for UPSC preparation:

Read thoroughly: Go through the books multiple times to grasp the concepts well.

Make notes: Create concise notes while reading to aid revision.

Practice questions: Solve the questions given at the end of each chapter.

Connect topics: Try to establish connections between different subjects and topics.

Use as a base: Build upon the NCERT knowledge with more advanced study materials.

4. Additional tips:

Focus on NCERT books of classes 6 to 12 for a comprehensive understanding.

Pay special attention to maps, diagrams, and tables in these books.

Use NCERT books in conjunction with the UPSC syllabus to ensure complete coverage.

[severepeanutperfection]

Fire Extinguisher Market by Technology, Application & Geography – Analysis & Forecast to 2029 || Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc., CECO Environmental, ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd, Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc

Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2019-2029

A recent market study published by Future Market Insights on the fire extinguishers market includes global industry analysis 2014-2018 and  opportunity assessment 2019-2029, and delivers a comprehensive  assessment of the most important market dynamics. After conducting a  thorough research on the historical as well as current growth parameters  of the fire extinguishers market, growth prospects of the market are  obtained with maximum precision.

Fire Extinguishers Market: Segmentation

The global fire extinguishers market is segmented in detail to cover every aspect of the market and present a complete market intelligence approach to readers.

Product

Water

Foam

Wet Chemical

Fire

Class A

Class B

Class C

Request Report Sample@https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-572

Report Chapters

Chapter 01 – Executive Summary

The report initiates with the executive summary of the fire extinguishers market, which includes a summary of key findings and statistics of the market. It also includes the demand-side and supply-side trends pertaining to the fire extinguishers market.

Chapter 02 – Market Introduction

Readers can find the definition and a detailed segmentation of the fire extinguishers market in this chapter, which will help them understand the basic information about the market. Along with this, a comprehensive information pertaining to fire extinguishers and their properties are provided in this section. This section also highlights inclusions and exclusions, which help readers understand the scope of the fire extinguishers market report.

Chapter 03 – Fire Extinguishers Market Scenario Analysis

This section provides various details about forecast factors and macroeconomic factors and their impact on the fire extinguishers market. It also includes details about opportunity analysis of the future. Readers can also find the absolute $ opportunity for the current year (2019), and an incremental $ opportunity for the forecast period (2019–2029). Along with this, pricing analysis of the fire extinguishers market at the regional level has been provided in this section. This section also explains the global market volume analysis and forecast for the fire extinguishers market during 2019-2029.

Chapter 04 – Global Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029 by Product

Based on product, the fire extinguishers market is segmented into water, foam wet chemical, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, dry powder, and others. In this chapter, readers can find information about key trends and developments in the fire extinguishers market and market attractiveness analysis based on product.

Chapter 05 – Global Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029 by Fire

This chapter provides details about the fire extinguishers market based on fire, and has been classified into Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class K. In this chapter, readers can understand the market attractiveness analysis based on fire.

Chapter 06 – Global Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029 by End Use

This chapter provides details about the fire ere Eet Analysis 2014-2018 &029,xtinguishers market based on end use, and has been classified into residential, industrial, commercial, public areas, and others. In this chapter, readers can understand the market attractiveness analysis based on end use.

Chapter 07 – Global Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029 by Region

This chapter explains how the fire extinguisher market will grow across various geographic regions such as North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, APEJ, Japan, and the Middle East & Africa (MEA).

Chapter 08 – North America Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the North America fire extinguishers market, along with a country-wise assessment that includes the U.S. and Canada. Readers can also find the pricing analysis, regional trends, and market growth based on product, fire, end use, and countries in North America.

Chapter 09 – Latin America Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029

This chapter provides the growth scenario of the fire extinguishers market in Latin American countries such as Brazil, Mexico, and the rest of Latin America. Along with this, an assessment of the market across target segments has been provided.

Chapter 10 – Western Europe Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029

Important growth prospects of the fire extinguishers market in several countries such as Germany, Italy, the U.K., France, Spain, BENELUX, and the rest of Europe are included in this chapter.

Chapter 11 – Eastern Europe Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029

The growth of the fire extinguishers market in the Eastern Europe region is provided by focusing on Russia, Poland, and the rest of Eastern Europe.

Chapter 12 – APEJ Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029

This chapter highlights the growth of the fire extinguishers market in APEJ by focusing on China, India, ASEAN, ANZ, and the rest of APEJ. This section also help readers understand key factors that are responsible for the growth of the fire extinguishers market in APEJ.

Chapter 13 – Japan Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029

This chapter highlights the growth of the fire extinguishers market in Japan by the end of 2029. This section also help readers understand key factors that are responsible for the growth of the fire extinguishers market in Japan.

Chapter 14 – MEA Fire Extinguishers Market Analysis 2014-2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019-2029

This chapter provides information about how the fire extinguishers market will grow in major countries in the MEA region such as GCC countries, South Africa, and the rest of MEA, during the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 15 – Competitive Landscape

This chapter provides tier structure of market participants. This section also helps readers understand competitions between key market players. In this chapter, readers can find a comprehensive list of all the prominent stakeholders in the fire extinguishers market, along with a detailed information about each company that includes company overview, revenue shares, strategic overview, and recent company developments. Some of the market players featured in the report are Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc., CECO Environmental, ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd, Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc, Evoqua Water Technologies LLC, Ecolab Inc., and Tholander Ablufttechnik GmbH, among others.

Chapter 16 –Assumptions and Acronyms

This chapter includes a list of acronyms and assumptions that provides a base to the information and statistics included in the fire extinguishers market report.

Chapter 17 – Research Methodology

This chapter help readers understand the research methodology followed to obtain various conclusions as well as important qualitative and quantitative information about the fire extinguishers market.

For any queries linked with the report, ask an analyst@https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/ask-question/rep-gb-572

Table Of Content

1. Executive Summary

   1.1. Market Overview

   1.2. Market Analysis

   1.3. Market Dynamics

   1.4. FMI Analysis and Recommendations

   1.5. Wheel of Fortune

2. Market Introduction

   2.1. Market Definition

   2.2. Market Taxonomy

3. Global Fire Extinguisher Market Scenario Analysis

  3.1. Introduction

       3.1.1. Market Value analysis and Forecast

       3.1.2. Market Size and Y-o-Y Growth

       3.1.3. Absolute $ Opportunity

   3.2. Macro-Economic Factors

   3.3. Pricing Analysis

   3.4. Value Chain Analysis

   3.5. Key Regulations

   3.6. Forecast Factors & Relevant Impact

4. Global Fire Extinguisher Market Analysis 2014–2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019–2029, By Product Type

   4.1. Introduction

   4.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Product Type, 2014–2018

   4.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Product Type, 2019–2029

       4.3.1. Water

       4.3.2. Foam

       4.3.3. Wet Chemical

       4.3.4. Dry Powder

       4.3.5. Carbon Dioxide

       4.3.6. Dry Chemical

       4.3.7. Others

   4.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Product Type

   4.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Product Type

5. Global Fire Extinguisher Market Analysis 2014–2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019–2029, By Fire Type

   5.1. Introduction

   5.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By Fire Type, 2014–2018

   5.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By Fire Type, 2019–2029

       5.3.1. Class A

       5.3.2. Class B

       5.3.3. Class C

       5.3.4. Class D

       5.3.5. Class K

   5.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Fire Type

   5.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Fire Type

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6. Global Fire Extinguisher Market Analysis 2014–2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019–2029, By End Use

   6.1. Introduction / Key Findings

   6.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Trend Analysis By End Use, 2014–2018

   6.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume Forecast By End Use, 2019–2029

       6.3.1. Residential

       6.3.2. Commercial

       6.3.3. Industrial

       6.3.4. Public Areas

       6.3.5. Others

   6.4. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By End Use

   6.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis By End Use

[valpy-blog]

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Question 1. What is manufacturing? To which sector of economy does it belong? Or “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries”. Support the statement with arguments. (2016 D) Answer: Manufacturing. Production of goods in large quantities after processing from…

[spacefires]

IB Survival Guide: PART ONE

As someone who’s been through the IB program and finished with horrible mental and physical health, here are some tips and tricks so that you guys don’t end up like me :)

Disclaimer: subject specific tips vary for SL/HL students, go to the bottom of the post to see what HLs and SLs I took

IAS

Please please start your IAs early! Split it out across multiple days! Honestly each section takes around 30 minutes for IAs

GET ALL YOUR THOUGHTS ON THAT PAPER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE FOR ANY IA.

Even if it’s the worst rough copy in the history of the planet, get all your words on there, THEN start editing, formatting, and adding pictures. Trust me, this is much less stressful and your final copy will probably be much cleaner

Science IAs- START YOUR EXPERIMENTS EARLY get as many trials as you can in!

Be sure to talk to your teachers about ideas for your papers beforehand!

Geography/English/French IAs- start early for these too. If you’re like me and you have “oh shit” moments when you suddenly get really good ideas half way through your work and have to restart, starting early for these is a good idea. Especially for geo, writing the IA is relatively easy, spreading it out over 4-5 days works well.

Peer editing is always a good idea, people may catch things you didn’t

EEs

CHOOSE A TOPIC YOU LIKE- Interest plays a big part in how well you do, choosing a topic I was interested in made me not mind spending so much time on my EE

Choosing a topic you don’t like may increase your chance of leaving it to the last minute

START YOUR EEs EARLY and have at least 3 drafts. I split mine up over the course of 4 months, and came out with an A on my Geography EE.

Like the IAs, do one section a day, for example, start with introduction, then methodology, etc. etc.

DO NOT LEAVE YOUR EE TO THE LAST MINUTE PLEASE

I highly suggest doing a geo EE because even if you don’t have results you’re okay, you just have to explain why there was no correlation

Geo EE protips: have lots of pretty handdrawn maps, you can have an ok data analysis and still get a good grade, have good methodology, 

discuss your EE with your supervisor often, make sure you udnerstand what you’re studying

EXAMS

Oh boy this is the scariest part of IB for any student

REVIEW REVIEW REVIEW as much as you can!

Study each subject for at least 5 days!

DO AS MANY PRACTICE EXAMS AS YOU CAN

Seriously, doing practice exams helps you get used to IB’s way of asking you things and you have an idea of what to expect

Do the practice exams guys

Just do them

If your school has mock exams, study really hard for them so you get an idea of how you need to study for the actual examsLook back on mistakes you’ve made on tests/mocks

While studying, focus on your weak points, but don’t ignore your strong points-- forgetting things is easy

SLEEP EARLY DURING EXAM WEEK 

Being refreshed and ready to go is important because youll be able to focus better and your brain will work better-- I did this and it was good

If you’re allowed to take snacks into the exam, take snacks into the exam (but not loud snacks, gummies and stuff)

take water into the exam but don’t drink a lot of water-- pee breaks are a waste of time

if you need to pee during an exam try to hold it in

just try to avoid having to pee

ENGLISH/FRENCH EXAMS:

You can study for your English Lit and French A lang lit exams in like a day if you’re not too keen on getting above a 5. Be familiar with the material

Memorize 5-7 important quotes-- preferable really short ones

Even if it’s not mandatory to memorize quotes, sticking quotes in is an asset

Spend 10-20 minutes planning your essay out, get your ideas down on a paper before writing your essay

Remember: quality over quantity, even if you have lots written down, it’s your ideas that get you most of the marks

Use highlighters, highlight important words, quotes, etc in the passages you’re given

annotate your passages

Have a colour coding system for your passages when you highlight, each colour should be an important point, but have 3-4 main important points, so 3-4 colours (this helps with planning as well)

If your prompt is like, discuss 2 OR MORE something something, discuss only 2, it’s easier, and you waste less time planning/writing, and you can have more ideas

SCIENCE/MATH EXAMS:

Practice problems are good, on top of practice exams

Understand the material!!!!!!!!!!! Memorization is not understanding!!! IB asks a lot of questions that require application

If you suck at calculus, try to understand it better and don’t be like me and assume there isn’t going to be a lot of it.

Seriously study the calculus @all you SL students

Study the calculus

GEO EXAMS

Yeah for this you need to memorize really well, see how well you know the material by going out on walks pointing at things and seeing how you can relate it to what you’ve earned

Study from multiple sources for geo, sometimes there are details that are missed

Memorize lots of case studies and stats!!!!!!!

memorize graphs and maps too, drawing them to support your points in your answers shows how well you understand the material

STUDYING

REVIEW OH MY GOD REVIEW E V E R Y T H I N G as much as possible throughout the year!!!!!!

Tips to force yourself to review:

Take shitty notes in class

This way you have to retake good notes-- wow you’re going over material that was previously taught!

Make cheatsheets! Even if you don’t use them during tests, cheatsheets are a great way to have all your material on one page and ohmygod look at you you’re reviewing your notes again to condense them!

Flash cards work too

Find a way to enjoy writing notes--  for me, I like using fancy pens and highlighters, that way I looked forward to doing it

Find a study environment you like! A cafe, the library, the park, even a different part of the house

Changing your study environment can also help you focus-- a change of scenery helps sometimes and you won’t get bored!

Talk to yourself

Seriously just explain concepts to yourself talk to yourself hearing yourself say it makes the info sink in better

Make really weird mnemonics idk it worked for me

Group studying can help for courses that need discussion in order to better understand concepts-- Geo, English and French

Explaining things to people also helps

Do your homework kids-- even if your teacher doesn’t check it, always find time to do your homework

Do things based on a level of priority

example: I have a test and a big project worth lts of marks due tomorrow (I would focus on the project, but still study for the test enough to have a good grasp of the material)

I know tests don’t count for IB but this is what your teacher bases your predicteds off of, so study hard for them kids. It is also a method of review

Most teachers understand how students can get extremely stressed out with the amount of work we get, if you need an extension for a non-IB related thing, you should be able to ~politely~ ask them

Time management is key, set up schedules for yourself

If you’re studying something you hate, go hard at it for a limited amount of time, then go and study for something you like, or take a brain break

TAKE BREAKS MAN

seriously taking breaks while studying is good

Use apps like forest to keep you focused

reward systems are good too, I do it with chocolate (one piece everytime I finish a chapter)

TOK

 lol good luck

The essay and the presentation are tough-- but you can do it.

The nice thing about TOK is it’s mostly a thought dump, so dump your thoughts before organizing them into an essay

Discuss TOK things with your friends a lot-- you’ll understand better, trust me, you’ll also get good ideas for presentations and stuff!

Get an interesting topic for your TOK presentation ok

discussion is the best advice I can give you guys

TOK is a special course

be prepared to get very angry because all your thoughts will contradict each other

existential crises are fun

That should be about it for Part 1 really, this is mainly academics based, I might add to this as time goes on.

If you have questions!!!! I took Chem HL, Bio HL, Geo HL, English Lit SL, French A Lang Lit SL, and Math SL, and did my EE in Geo. I’m happy to help any young ones out :))

Good Luck all you IB Students! You guys are brave, you can do it :)

[miriannemiri]

10 Questions Game

Tagged by @radioactivepeasant

1. How many projects/stories have you written/told?

Ah.  Well.  I don’t actually know?  I’ve gone through a couple of incarnations of online presence in a couple of fandoms, though I’ve been Miri for a decade (yes, I’ve been in fandoms for more than fifteen years), but my main focus has always been on original stories.  Of those, I’ve had one on the radio and one published.  And I have no idea how many projects sitting around in various stages on my hard drive.  I can say I have more than two million words total, and that count is. . .out of date shall we say.

2. Do you ever have multiple WIPs at once?

Pretty much constantly.  All the random little projects I post are while I’m still working on Dreamwalker (which is still ongoing, still eating my brain, and nowhere near ready to post, WHY?).  I’ve missed maybe four days of working on it since I started it in January, and I write at least 500 words a day on it.  Any other project I work on is after I write that 500.  I’ve also got several original projects that I’m semi-working on at any given time, though as mentioned, Dreamwalker is eating up a lot of my creative processes.  As is teaching, as I’ve got the equivalent of an extra class this term.  Several fairy tale or fairy tale influenced stories, naturally.  The first world I ever created gets looked over periodically and tinkered with.  I’ve got a novel in late stages of revision I’m supposed to be working on, but the revision is at a sticky point.  I really just need to declare I’m spending an hour on it every weekend and get it done.  It’s that close!

3.  What’s the first chapter book you remember reading?

Ooh, difficult question.  My parents read to me a lot as a child, and there’s a fair amount of overlap between that and what I started reading on my own.  Probably Dealing with Dragons by Patricia C. Wrede.  I love how she plays with classic fairy tale themes.  And Cimorene is such a fabulous heroine.  Narnia was also very early.  My first brush with Y.A. lit was in third grade with Tamora Pierce’s Song of the Lioness quartet, and I still love her books.  I started her when my parents said I was still a little too young for most of Robin McKinley, who is my favorite author ever.

4. Do you listen to music while writing? If so, do you ever have specific playlists for specific projects?

Mm.  Actually, I need something going on in the background to focus on my writing.  Music works (though it tends to be whatever I’m listening to at the time, rather than themed playlists).  So does setting my students to a writing exercise and waiting for them to finish, though.  (When I was a student, my “notes” were frequently actually creative writing, and when I took a bit of time between graduation and getting a job for health reasons, I’d go sit in on my father’s classes that he taught partly because they were interesting and partly because it was over an hour where I could just sit and write with background noise and guaranteed lack of interruptions.)  I also frequently put on a crime drama in the background while I write, or a baseball game.  I love baseball, but I like writing while watching it, too.

5. What is your favorite genre to write?

Oh, fantasy, always.  There’s a reason legends and myths keep creeping their way into my Star Wars fanfics.  I grew up on the feminist fairy tale books my mom got me, and I completely adore them still.  But hey, I’m a fairy tale specialist.  I teach them.  I analyze them.  I read them.  I love them.  :)

6. Do you ever experiment with other styles or genres?

Sometimes.  I do blended genres a bit.  The novel that’s in revision is near future fantasy.  I’ve got a couple fantasy/mystery blends.  My Star Wars fanfic tends to get fairy tale themes dragged into it. . .  (No, I’m not obsessive, why would you say that?! *laughs*)

7. What is your favorite line you’ve ever written?

Touch choice.  It would vary by the day.  Have a line that probably fits somewhere in Dreamwalker, even if I’m not entirely sure where:

“If you cost me my son, I will set the Galaxy aflame before I follow him.”

8. Summarize your favorite scene you’ve ever written in any of your works:

Hm.  Touch choice.  I’d have to choose between a couple for the first world I ever created.  That’s still the mythology for pretty much every original project I’ve ever written, and I have a bunch of bits and pieces about that world itself, too.  I keep rewriting the first novel set there.  It’s the first novel I ever wrote, and it has about ten incarnations at this point.  I keep experimenting with style and tinkering with the plot.

The two scenes are before the beginning and after the end of the whole saga.  Keep in mind, this is the mythology for my worlds; the characters are gods.  So there’s the classic conflict between the two highest powers, and their children are caught between them.  One of the kids knows far more about what set this conflict off than the other and is willing to pay the price he knows it will take to to end this, however many millennia will pass between.  The other kid, the one who’s actually foretold to end things, she doesn’t know, so she sees their mother’s cruelty as cruelty.  So I’ve written a scene set before the ‘verse starts, with the son and the mother discussing the price he’ll pay, if he’s ready to pay it.  And also that the mother’s reasons aren’t entirely pragmatic, that the punishment is also partly because he looks too much like his father.  And even though it probably won’t be included in any story, except maybe as backstory at the end of things, just that hinted knowledge that the reader and the main character won’t have is fun.  I had to write it.  I knew it happened, and I needed to see it, and it really informs my characterization of both of them whenever I write them.  So even though it may never be included, it’s incredibly important to me.

The other is after everything is resolved, when the son acknowledges that despite being willing, the price he paid hurt him, in a way that isn’t easy to recover from.  It’s the first time he’s ever admitted that.

9. Do you find editing a daunting prospect? Please tell me I’m not the only one.

Mm.  Revision or editing?  Editing I don’t mind, fixing smaller errors and the like.  I don’t always catch them, another set of eyes is still incredibly valuable even though I’m good at this and teach this, but it doesn’t bother me.  I loathe revising with a fiery passion.  It’s incredibly frustrating.

10. Do you ever draw or doodle the characters in your story to help you visualize a scene?

No, because I’m a lousy artist for people and things.  I can’t manage effective stick figures.  However, I do have a sketchbook and drawing pad with maps of several of my original worlds, because I can draw maps.  And that’s fun.  I’m not a visual thinker, so having an image of a world’s geography I can look at while I plan a story really helps me.

And I’m lousy at playing tag games.  Hm.  Let’s see.  Ten questions.

1.  How did you get involved in writing fanfic?

2.  How much do you like including original legends and stories in your writing, original or fanfic?

3.  How much attention do you pay to the little details, like how long a trip in hyperspace should take?

4.  Do you enjoy creating original characters?  Or is it easier to write other people’s?

5.  Favorite author?

6.  Do you have a favorite fairy tale?  If so, what?  (I’m really convincing on the not obsessive front. . .)

7.  Do you find the visual details of characters or the mindset easier to write when writing emotional scenes?

8.  If you could dictate the topic of a Star Wars spin off, what would it be?

9.  Favorite trope?

10.  Have you ever had a trope that really isn’t your cup of tea get into your head and make you try to figure out how to make it work?  (I’m currently suffering through this.)

Hm.  Who to tag.  Well, completely voluntary, but if @kaelinaloveslomaris, @laivaaja, and @flaminganakin would like to answer?  Or if @radioactivepeasant would like tagged back!  :)

[learncbse-hindi]

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Question 1. What do you understand by a ‘Resource’? Give examples. (2015) Answer: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a…