#Connected Components
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Connected Sum Solution for Hackerrank
Problem Statement Given a graph with n nodes and m edges, we need to find the sum of the sizes of connected components in the graph. Each connected component is a subgraph in which every pair of nodes is connected by a path. For example, consider the following graph: 1 - 2 | 3 - 4 | 5 - 6 In this graph, there are 3 connected components: {1, 2}, {3, 4}, and {5, 6}. The sizes of these connected…
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I can’t even with Aloy’s habit of talking aloud for the sake of the player being canonized through gildun’s delightful dialogue— but it also just makes a TON of sense lmao
I can totally imagine how she’d develop that habit growing up in the wilds. Like we already see her doing it when she’s really little so I just think that she never grew out of that urge to just say everything out loud and narrate whatever she’s doing (probably rost would never say shit so she’d always be the one who just talks her head off all day even if he’s not listening to her)
Aloy trying to solve the puzzle of the day: ok so I need to move that crate there— oh wow that outfit is so ugly. ok anyway
random bystander: you know I can hear you right
#walking through a crowded city like#DAMN that smells bad#everyone around her self consciously sniffs themself#I ALSO THINK BETA TOTALLY HAS THIS HABIT#I JUST WOULD LOVE THEM BEING SUPER LOUD TOGETHER#like while they’re working their monologuing is so loud it like overlaps each other#beta: WE NEED TO MOVE THE COMPON— aloy: MAYBE IF I STAB HERE I CAN— beta: CONNECT THAT WIRE… aloy:INSTALLING VIRUS#anybody nearby is like plugging their ears#horizon forbidden west#aloy#horizon zero dawn#hfw#hzd#beta horizon#burning shores
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This scene shows how Yami and Yuugi don't really see themselves as separate from each other. They both know that the other is an independent entity but they also are so entwined with each other, in spirit and flesh, that they just bleed into each other. The line where one stops and the other beings is at times blurred to the point where acknowledging them as a singular being is not out of the question.
#they are kind of like the holy trinity: three persons in one god#like the father the son and the holy spirit are all independent entities who play different roles#but at the same time they are also components of the same being and thus are one entity#you know its bad when we're bringing in the theological references#i guess they're like venom and eddie but idk much about them to make that comparison#puzzleduo drives me insane#i might write an essay comparing puzzleduo to the holy trinity#they drive me insane#they are so connected to each other#and that makes the doma arc even more painful for yami#because he did not just lose his partner he lost an important part of himself#hitting my head against the wall#puzzleshipping#yami yugi#yuugi mutou#yugi muto#yugi motou#yugi mutou#yugi moto#yugi mutoh#yugioh#cide watches yugioh#cide watches yugioh dm#yugioh dm#yugioh duel monsters
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first of all, tysm for responding to my omega comfort ask, you delivered as always 🫶
I’ve been thinking abt a fragile reader who likes stealing parts of the segment’s outfits when they’re bored 🤩
Omega might struggle to find his mask one day, only to find you standing in front of a mirror, his mask on your face, proudly puffing out your chest and mocking his arrogant tone. He doesn’t interrupt, but watches, amused by your antics.
Maybe Beta will be scrounging around for his bow tie, muttering angrily, until he notices you sitting nearby, adjusting the fabric around your neck. You don’t see it, but he flashes an adoring smile your way 🥰
Also, could I be night anon? 🙏
All of your lovers had a great variety of clothes and stylistic choices spread across them. It would frequently send you into laughter when you saw someone like Beta standing next to Omega, but you truly did love them all the more for their eccentric choices. More importantly, there was no way you could pass up the opportunity to "borrow" such fashionable clothes! Seeing as Dottore and the segments were frequently busy, their clothes were a perfect source of comfort whenever you were bored or missing them, their warmth and lingering scent still remaining.
Omega's blue shirt, white coat, and gloves were the easiest articles to put on - if you spent time trying to put on all those other accessories, you'd tire yourself out before you even began. You had to hold the mask up to your face too, since it was too big to lock in behind your ears properly, and you couldn't even see, but it didn't matter since you had literally become the Doctor in that instance.
"I am first and foremost a scholar. As a scholar, I respect all possibilities." You quoted those lines that Omega loved to parrot and tried to match the level of his sassy scholarness, but unfortunately, you couldn't compare. Your evil laugh didn't even have that oomph to it either...
Little did you know that the segment himself was taking in the sight with amusement. Putting aside your questionable dialogue (which he would get you back for later), he admired how alluring you looked in his clothes. Ah, how wonderful it would be if he could return to you in only his clothes more often. Therefore, he was content to let you embarrass yourself for a while longer before he succumbed to his urge to touch you. You didn't even realize Omega was approaching until you felt a hand quickly turn your chin and guide your lips to his.
"While I find your problem-solving to be most entertaining, if you wanted to be closer to me, I have much better solutions in mind."
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Beta's clothes, on the other hand, were much simpler to put on. The button-down white shirt was easy to toss on, and his coat was long and surprisingly soft. It would make a good blanket, you thought. Trying to make your eyes line up with the holes of Beta's mask was a chore, so you had discarded it to the side. But what really brought the whole thing together was the iconic pink bow tie, of course.
"He he ho ho." No, that just sounded wrong coming from you. "This bores me," you drawled, imagining the scurrying of some of his menials after the Harbinger lost interest in his latest project, all while perfecting your tug of the bow tie.
Beta's previous grumpiness is forgotten and replaced by his usual blank stare, where he takes in what he's watching while collecting his thoughts. It doesn't take long for him to break into laughter, which makes you practically jump in your seat. If anything, the segment would appreciate it if you could take control of his agents for a day. Perhaps you'd be more suited to the job than he is...
"If you really have nothing better to do, then come with me to my lab. ... No, I didn't say for you to take those off."
#smooches talks#night anon#dottore love notes <3#fragile reader <3#this is genuinely canon to me ily#i like to think that reader's adventuring/lore outfit would have components of all the dottores#a blue vial on their hip representing their connection with dottore. red star/jewel earrings reminiscent of omega's eye.#a pink bowtie on their neck or shoes. their bag has a stuffed teddy bear key chain.#its like they carry a piece of each segment once they're out and about !!!#the traveler would comment that their outfit seems like a mash of many things and they'd just smile
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the next sheltie/collie breeder i see make grand claims about their dogs' eye health despite only having done DNA and not actual ophtho, I'm going to hit with a shovel
#this has got to be some sort of virus going around#this. my friends. is why breed- and kennel clubs are/were slow to recommend dna testing for disease#because it looks fancy and thorough and ppl think it makes clinical health tests obsolete when they#very much extremely does not#most DNA kits will check for CRD (component of CEA) and one or two relevant mutations connected to PRA#notably the usually-early-onset kind#but we know there are PRA versions that test clear for that mutation#and there's a whole heap of eye disorders that either should rule out a dog by default or should be avoided in combination#that you will only find by going to an opthalmologist#they loosened the requirements for the sheltie club stud list as well recently. stoppp itttt#i swear i see so much of this all over the place now and its driving me fucking insane.#clinically insane.
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my drawing tablet got fucked so uh
maybe ill do some traditional doodling i dont know
#accidentally lightly smacked it and itll no longer connect to the computer.#tfw you specifically laser target hit some essential component and the whole machine dies badly. fuck#text#the universe itself is against me taking comissions
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i am very entertained by all these ghost/evil spirits events that would be very easily solved if kuukou was there to banish the ghost lmao (and equally entertained by the singular event where kuukou did need to banish a ghost and yet failed to)
#vee queued to fill the void#the arb chronicles#it was kuukou dreaming of his lack of strength that led to his failure#but the point remains lol kuukou is never where he should be LMAO#one day i’ll understand the very understated theme of ‘the soul’ this franchise has lol#kuukou seeing the soul in all things gentaro’s mc name and speakers all symbolising lost souls#ichiro for some reason answering a question about ghosts haunting a sender and recommending an exorcism lol#ramuda’s fear of ghosts being connected to a fear of death (and the fear of death in his basically non aging body)#like if you look towards nge’s soul component that would make me a little nervous about hypmic lol#but oh well only time will tell if it’s anything actually lmao
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woke up like 40 mins ago at like 4:30 unable to fall back alseep so im once again thinking about ragatha and pomni as The Ocd Havers. its everything to me. oh whoops i ran out of tags on this post
#i also saw a good post abt moral ocd followed by a wildly bad resoonse to it#like 10 mins after waking up#so im esp thinking abt ragatha moral ocd#i like giving them versions of ocd that are unpleasant and not cute and that people have a hard time even acknowledging as real forms of ocd#its probably me giving myself too much credit or holding myself to very silly idras but like#i wanna be able to depict the two or even just characters in general having ocd#in a way that could potentially help someone get a better idea of the different ways that ocd presents...#the amnt of ppl who responded to my ragatha ocd posts w 'wait i do this' is like its not necessarily GOOD to relate but also#i dont think all facets of ocd are well represented so its hard for people to figure that sorta thing out...#so in my heart im like maybe it could help to depict characters in a way i find cathartic and important bc then some ppl will Find Out#esp as someone who only even got diagnosed w ocd once it got bad enough that my therapist was concerned for my safety when i was like 18 ish#(true story... if youre thinking 'how could someone having ocd put their safety at risk'#research magical thinking ocd. andalso responsibility ocd and try connecting random dots and you might find it 👍#but also i think id need to add like 400 tws to this post if i actually elaborated)#point being. ragatha ocd and pomni ocd are dear concepts to me as someone with a very unfun version of ocd#ragathas themes to me are like. moral and responsibility. and yknow what maybe aprinkle in magical thinking too#pomnis themes to me are existential and sensory motor and a little bit of magical thinking too and harm ocd#i think they both would have other themes. after all ocd usually doesnt manifest as Just having a few themes and thats it#ppl usually have a Little Bit of most possible themes and then have some more prominently#and even then themes can shift over time...#i also think both of them have early onset ocd is good because i do too and i like it#ocd thats characterized by it worsening over time!!!!! thats them...#to me human younger pomni spent so much time with just right ocd compulsions#i also generally interpret pomni as having Some Sort Of Issues with anxiety or panic pre entering the circus already#so it relates to that . in my mind#and i do think the circus has made ragathas obsessions so much worse...#bit i think they did exist before the circus. just peobably got more extreme w trauma :(#bc the evil thing abt ocd is that it teams up w trauma. ypu WILL get obsessions related to trauma#ptsd already has unwelcome thoughts abt ur trauma as a component so ocd compounds it and gives you#fake new ways you come up with to ease the fear that if you dont do a compulsion itll Happen Again
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tfw you keep accidentally making your characters plural-coded through different forms of transhumanism, multiple timeline, and supernatural/possession shit
#Matt/Void Matt: Possessed by a sentient ghost form of himself#(died for a few minutes as a kid/powers became...basically a lich form and repossessed his body/original was revived)#they might actually be a system at this point instead of just allegorical#Brynn: Synthetic hivemind/fucked up cyborg/techno-pervert that can physically sync her consciousness with supercomputers#the main one being a series of AI clones of herself that operate on consensus and keep her thought processes in check#Kane/Sulla: Dude sold his soul to a disembodied psionic to become a billionaire and is now a vessel for him#...not good people by any means but the coding is there particularly in parallel to some of the other characters#Jazz and Danza: Psionics with a subconscious connection to alternate-universe versions of themselves#which makes them particularly valuable for time travel/multiverse-related work and the organizations that work in that space#Danza's alternates are all basically the same person working towards the same goal and can replace each other if one dies#sort of a clone soldier situation that makes the base entity functionally immortal under the right conditions#Jazz tapping into alternate universes is a component of their precog ability#but their alternate selves see each other as different possibilities/versions instead of themselves all being the same person#and are not interchangeable like Danza's are#fun fact: all the Jazz and Danza multiverse iterations have different genders#all Danzas are genderfluid and the component entity is all genders + any pronouns#all Jazzes have the same 'coin-flip' intersex variation but have different life experiences and gender identities/expressions based on that#(some of which are...incredibly dark and unfortunate and live in the dark recesses of their subconscious)#txt#oc shitposting#substrate
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i think what's really getting me about kozma claiming to have blown up the moon and also claiming to "be" the breach and basically equating "breach collaborators" and "my allies" in the same speech is that. the breach operative we've known since season one, the person who "is" the breach as far the story's concerned, is saskia. and midst is saskia's HOME! she built the black candle with her own two hands (metaphorically, at the very least), she LOVES it there and she loves those people :( and if we take kozma's story at face value, she just threw the "centerpoint" (according to imelda) of her own operation entirely under the bus and endangered the lives not only of innocent people but also of a bunch of her own operatives without their knowledge just to destabilize the trust and frankly that makes me kind of hope she IS telling the truth simply because that's the kind of betrayal i find absolutely delicious,
#midst spoilers#midst#midst podcast#i DO think she's probably bluffing about all or most of it. i bet she was collaborating with the breach but not as closely or with as much#authority as she just claimed and i no longer think she blew up the moon#but MAN those claims leave a nasty taste in my mouth for the exact reasons outlined above.#and it certainly COULD make sense! it's a smart move to encourage/fund/organize an insurrectionary movement within your political rival!#and easy to sacrifice them--especially when it's not even all of them and you've got bigger plans now--to make an even bolder move!#she's a collector! she can move her pieces around the board!#and the scheming of it all only makes her threats have more credibility to the upper trustees she's threatening#except of course that hieronymous is sitting right there having the full perspective & caring about the breach and about saskia specificall#just one more crazy layer to what must have been going through his head during that dinner#frankly. WEEPE has the full perspective too although whether he cares about any of it remains to be seen#i do think kozma is probably going to get killed by the trust/weepe pretty quickly here. but i would LIKE for saskia to get to confront her#if kozma IS telling the truth#it's nuts even WITHOUT the breach component considering she OWNED midst until literally last week. ma'am those were YOUR people.#like to be very clear blowing up that moon was a callous and fucked up thing to do regardless of personal connection. whoever did it.#but the closer the relationship gets the crazier it feels as a thing to do or to claim to have done#i just think saskia deserves revenge or justice on SOMEONE for her home being used as a piece in this stupid game...
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"going outside" horseshoe theory
#like it's either hermitmoding or you know like actually interacting with the world#otherwise it's just ant spirals and pacing around in circles like a stressed animal#most people are doing the latter#and i mean it kind of metaphorically but you get it hopefully#well the collective unconscious has those stressed animal currents because well i think this is a kind of a fundamental thing#not all there is but a motif one of the component architectures#also i have begun to think about computer gaming - gpus - deep learning - neoteny - computing sort of web of connections#not much concrete to say yet. also i never elaborated on my aliens post from like two years ago. or any other things#but i will elaborate. someday they will teach me syntax. and i will write a book#maybe i should've gone into like film idk i could be cyberpunk/biopunk david lynch#/delusions of grandeur#but then i would not have the data or information so i would not have my ideas#does anyone who makes moving pictures want to collaborate with me that is listening and learning while i explain my ideas#come on cia guy...... i know you have connections
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finally (mostly) done with the admin side of my final project! that took longer than i had hoped. but i can now finally fully focus on my last exam(s)! and i will need to because i'm so far behind the study schedule.
i made a portobello mushroom burger myself for the first time. it was really tasty :)
#studying#physics#university#studyblr#also my landlord's electrician friend finally came round to look at a component in the fuse box that had been making#a very very annoying rattling sound#(i had used the workaround of taking the fuse out and just connecting everything by extension cables to the unaffected plug sockets)#and he was able to fix it in like fifteen minutes#so i can now use all my lights again and the extension cables are back in storage#it feels like i'm in a new flat#it's so nice#and i'm finally getting closer to fully recovering from the lurgy
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okay actually looked at the lover boy wip intro again and this has me crazy because the grief in this was meant to all be about bobby but "remember that his favourite fruit was peaches and try not to cry over it" got me because felix's favourite fruit being peaches is like. a recent but definitive part of his character. and i can't remember if i just used peaches as a placeholder for bobby's favourite fruit (he does not give peach to me) and if i first wrote this before or after i decided peaches were felix's BUT now i'm like. what if this passage is him grieving bobby but it spirals around his grief for his relationship with felix??? find a lover the way you found felix and don't lose him this time but also find a lover because you're trying to find a connection as deep as the one you had with your best friend even though you know it can never be replicated. you can never find a lover that will love you like bobby (platonic, to be clear) loved you. find a lover in the fact you are alive even though it makes you nauseous because it just reminds you that your best friend isn't. how do you grieve someone who's still alive whilst simultaneously grieve someone who isnt? trying to grieve two people in two different ways and you feel guilty at the way they blend and blur because it feels like you lose your separate grips on both of them and you don't feel like you have space in you to accommodate all this ache. and like what if i edited all this to make that parallel more clear?? that his primary grief is bobby because he's the one who's dead but he's also grieving felix and probably doesn't even realise it?? and then the two become blurred?? and if he realised this he would actually feel fucking awful about it and like a bad friend?? haha just kidding unless??
#especially the fact that a component of his “find a lover to try and mask the grief” is trying to find a lover in the literal sense.#its near 1am you guys are getting the i dont know if this is coherent infodumping#i wrote an essay in the tags but its gone and i have no idea if tumblr ate it or i somehow put it on a different post but im like oh okay#guess i will just save that analysis for the writing update!!#my lover boy writing updates are gonna be so obnoxious btw theyre gonna be essays theyre gonna be me putting the degree to use#now i can say i actually have one#i wrote a DISSERATION on the exact type of fiction that lover boy is.......#anyway it was about queerness and loss and what loss means thematically in queer narratives#so that whilst the loss of bobby is absolutely monumentally bigger than losing felix as a partner#it is actually not a surprise if beau somewhat blurs his grief for the two#that being said whilst i dont believe in ranking different types of love/relationships#i love the idea of platonic lover and this platonic connection being just as if not more powerful than the romantic one#could essay about that but tumblr might eat it! so!
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Very frustrating and disheartening knowing religion will only ever be a forced thing for me and I've never been able to fully accept it. Even more so because I am a spiritual person and I feel like those things should come together more easily.
#by spiritual I mean I accept that there is a metaphysical component to our lives/the universal experience#that can be interacted with in a meaningful way on an individual level#I understand and believe this due to logic and experience not faith alone#and I do believe in a 'higher' incomprehensible power. At least one but rationally more than that#I just don't find any comfort in worshipping that or trying to form a connection#I do have a very heartfelt and strong appreciation for it all though 🙏
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yakuza: dead souls - american vibes, bigass guns, and why zombies are super weird to have in ryu ga gotoku thematically/ideologically speaking
so i've been playing dead souls recently (hell yeah hell yeah hell yeah) and although i'm having the time of my life with it, there was something about it that kinda felt off to me, and i think i've figured out what it was, but i'm gonna have to walk you through a bit of my thought process to get there.
my first instinct was that it felt... american? and upon further examination i think that boils down to a couple of things:
everyone suddenly has lots of guns and also way way bigger guns
high emphasis on individual heroism (this itself is quite typical for rgg, but it manifests differently here; more on that in a bit)
military/government incompetence, which must be solved by the right individuals having the biggest and bestest guns
[for the sake of transparency i will note that my experience with zombie media is pretty limited and skews american (and i myself am american), so that may create bias. however, the 'this feels american to me' instinct is a rare one for me even in genres where i have seen little/no non-american media, so i think the fact that it did occur to me is notable. what about dead souls triggered that response when little else has? that's why i examined it and, truthfully, i think there's merit in the idea itself.]
the first point is pretty self-explanatory. america's got more guns than it does people, and its gun worship is infamous. japan's ban on guns (aided by its being an island state) means there's far fewer guns in the country, as well as far fewer people with guns (and likely far fewer guns per gun owner, excepting arms dealers/smugglers) than somewhere without such a ban. obviously, there are guns anyway. due to their illegality they are clustered within the criminal population, which explains their presence within organized crime within the series. very few guns will be sitting around in the homes of otherwise law-abiding citizens.
and yet, when the zombie outbreak hits kamurocho, plenty of civilians suddenly have access to quite an arsenal. everyone has the knowledge they need to aim, fire, and reload smoothly and quickly; ammo is infinite for certain guns. characters we've never seen using firearms before suddenly have shotguns under their couches (looking at you, majima). it's not only very different from reality, it's very different from guns' place within the series up until this point, when they were limited weapons used primarily by the enemy.
and they're making a zombie shooter, so of course they would have to do this. it has to be unrealistic to be simultaneously in this setting and in this genre, in the same way that yakuza solving their problems with bareback fistfights instead of guns is itself both unrealistic and necessary to being the kinds of games rgg are.
my point is that this is a kind of focus on and valorization of gun ownership and competency unusual for the series and setting. further, it serves as an argument for why an armed, competent populace is crucial typical in american media.
which brings us to the third point (we'll get to 2 in a minute). guns are often marketed as self-defense weapons. the implication is that the government's defense of the individual (via law enforcement or the military, but particularly the former), are insufficient. this is objectively true. if someone pulls a gun on you at the gas station, will a cop manifest out of thin air to intercede? no. that's impossible. but if you have a gun, or if some bystander has a gun, you or they may be able to do something with that gun to stop the armed person. thus, there is an undeniable gap in the effective immediacy of such responses.
many gun advocates also point to the incompetence or insufficiency of law enforcement, even when they are present to stop an armed aggressor. the fact that law enforcement do not have a 100% success rate in protecting the citizenry is also objectively true.
so, when you are in danger, arming yourself increases your chances of being able to put down (or at least take armed action against) a present or potential threat. whether it is viewed it as a supplement to or a replacement for law enforcement, it is meant to make up for the shortcomings of the government's ability to completely protect all its citizens. it's a safety net for state failure.
back to dead souls. rgg has always centered political corruption in its stories, including politicians, the police, and sometimes even the military, though usually the former two. sometimes this is treated sympathetically (i.e. tanimura, a dirty cop, whose dirty-cop-ness allows him to work outside/against the law to help disadvantaged people, not unlike how kiryu views being a yakuza), and other times it's simply a matter of greed or lust for power (i.e. jingu).
however, something that's almost never touched on so clearly is government incompetence. when the government fails to help people or hurts them or does corrupt things, it's usually due to a competent, malicious bad apple who is removed from power by the end of the game. this implies holes in the system because it keeps happening all the time, but that's on a series-wide scale, a pattern ignored by the series in favor of the individual game solution of "this guy's gone now :) yay".
but in dead souls, the SDF's barracades fall, their men are killed, they are unable to help protect the people outside or inside the quarantine zone. they are weak in a way the government usually isn't in these games. and who is stronger than them? our individual good guys with guns. so we need to be armed because the government is weak and can't protect us. boom. america.
returning to point 2, i'd like to say that dead souls is not particularly more individualistic than any of the other games in the series (other than, perhaps, y7). rgg is an incredibly individualistic series, actually. its protagonists are usually men who defy, oppose, and skirt around the law as a way of helping others and doing what is truly right (with a few exceptions, like shinada and haruka). the romanticized view of the yakuza as a force for helping the community in the face of government incompetence is a real one, and one that tends to manifest itself most in kiryu and how the series treats him. it shows us yakuza who aren't willing to kill, yakuza who cry about honor and justice and humanity and brotherhood, yakuza who never dip their hands into less palatable crimes, or only do with intense regret (and only ever as part of their backstory). the beat-em-up style emphasizes this as well. i mean, what's more individualistic than a one-man army?
put more clearly, this series is about men defying legal and social laws and expectations to live in a way that feels right to them, and about making themselves strong enough to combat those who would get in their way. the individual is placed before the society in importance, (though generally in a way that benefits the community, because they are good guys who want to use that agency and power for good).
all of this is true in dead souls as well, technically. those who live on the outskirts of society are the ones who actually save the day, and the ones who go in there and save people rather than just walling them off and pretending like they don't exist. they have the guns, which are illegal and mark them as criminals, but this broken law is what gives them the power to save themselves when the government will not, and to save their community if they so choose.
where dead souls differs is in the nature of that strength.
rgg places a lot of emphasis on self-improvement, both of one's body and of one's character. do both of these, and you will be strong enough to back up your ambitions. what allows someone to carve their own path in life is the ability to put down ideological and physical resistance by having resolve and the ability to tiger drop whoever won't be swayed by your impassioned speeches. you make yourself a weapon. you make yourself strong. in dead souls, that strength comes from an external, material possession. strength is something you buy (or that you take from someone else). who is able to survive the apocalypse comes not from the heart, nor from rigorous training, but from who has the most, the biggest, and the most bestest guns. it's an intersection of capitalism, militarization, and individualism. simply, deeply american.
[when i was talking myself through this a few days ago, i spent a lot more time on the capitalism + individualism stuff, but i think i'll keep this moving. consider this aside the intermission]
dead souls also differs for a few other interlocking reasons. it can be described with this equation:
zombification of enemies + lethality of guns = loss of emphasis on redemption
if your best friend turned into a zombie, could you shoot them? or your child? or your lover? it's a common trope, but it's a damn good one. watching your family, your neighbors, your town, everyone turn into a husk of themselves, something that looks like them but cannot be reached, is deeply tragic. it's even more tragic when these husks are trying to kill you. unable to be reasoned with and unable to be cured, you must incapacitate them before someone innocent is hurt--or hurt, then themselves made dangerous; each loss adds to the number of threats surrounding you. your life is seen as more valuable than that of your zombified friend, not only because the zombie is attacking you and it's self defense, but because they are no longer a person to you. to be a zombie is to no longer be human; zombification is dehumanization.
and so in a series so focused on connection with one's community, on saving innocent civilians, often on saving kamurocho specifically, one would expect similar tropes to occur. even if one's friends aren't turned, perhaps the cashier at poppo you chat with sometimes is. it's the destruction of that community and of the members one has tertiary relationships with that i expect would occur most within a kamurocho zombie story, since they are likely unwilling to axe anyone more important than that, even if dead souls isn't canon. i'd especially expect to see that in the beginning, before the need to kill zombies rather than contain or redeem them becomes apparent.
this does not happen.
i cannot speak for the entire game, but i can speak of gameplay choices that affect this, and ones i think will not be subverted throughout, even if they are somewhat contradicted by plot events i am presently unaware of.
kamurocho is not a community to protect, nor is it filled with your fellows. it is a playground filled with infinitely respawning, infinitely mow-downable, infinitely disposable zombies. you are meant and encouraged to kill them by the thousands, and never to hesitate or consider whether they may be cured or who may be mourning them. who may be unable to identify their loved one because you were trying to reach a headshot goal from hasegawa. you are not meant to consider them as human, nor beings that were once human, nor beings that could be human again, in the eyes of the zombie shooter. they are merely bodies, targets, and obstacles.
the zombies are contrasted with the true humans, those barricading themselves within the quarantine zone or those living in ignorance outside it. humans are meant to be saved, zombies are meant to be killed. the player character is the only one who can truly help with either of these goals, because the other humans are cowardly, ignorant, or unarmed/helpless. you must be their savior. to be a savior is to eliminate zombies, who are less than human.
the black and white nature of this is also emphasized by another gameplay characteristic: the lack of street encounters. when you traverse the peaceful parts of kamurocho, you are never attacked. you are also never directly attacked by the humans within the quarantine zone. kamurocho feels very different without its muggers and hooligans, but it's because this is a zombie shooter, not a beat-em-up. in a normal rgg title, you'd subdue threats by punching, kicking, and throwing them. you'd use your body in (supposedly) nonlethal ways. dead souls does not have a combat system meant for civilians. you have your guns. you subdue threats by shooting them, preferably lethally. the game doesn't want you to do that to humans, so you never fight humans. this furthers the black and white divide between the salvation-worthy, noble humans and the death-worthy, worthless zombies. combat is only lethal, and only used against the inherent other.
this leads me to the part of dead souls i find most conflicting with the ethos of rgg broadly, and perhaps its greatest ideological/thematic failing.
because the enemy are incurable, dangerous, and inhuman, you must kill them to protect yourself and others, others who are still human. humanity is something that is lost or preserved, but never regained. once someone's gone, they're gone, and you not only must kill them, it is your duty and your right to kill them. you should kill them.
in dead souls, there is no redeeming the enemy.
and that's a big problem.
rgg is about a lot of things, but a key one is the ability of people to change for the better. its most memorable, beloved villains are those who see the light by the end and change their wicked ways (usually through some form of redemptive suicide, though that's another essay in itself). its pantheon of characters is full of those who come from questionable backgrounds struggling to be the best people they can be, to live as themselves authentically and compassionately. it's about the good and the love you can find in the moral and legal gray zones of life/society, and the potential/capacity for good all of us have, no matter how far we may have fallen. it is a hopeful series. it is a merciful series.
this is something bolstered by its gameplay. countless substories are resolved by punching a lesson into someone until they improve their behavior, either out of fear or genuine remorse/development. the games don't just discourage killing your enemies, they don't allow you to (yes, we've all seen the "kiryu hasn't killed anybody? umm. look at this heat action" stuff before, and while they've got a point, i believe it's the narrative's intent that none of this is actually lethal, based on how laxly it treats certain plot injuries (cough cough. y7 bartender) and the actual concept of taking a life, the gravity it is given by the text, particularly when it comes to characters crossing that threshold into someone who has killed. explicit killing is not an option open to you, even when you're being attacked by dozens and dozens of armed men. conflicts are resolved by simply beating up enough guys in this nonlethal manner.
but dead souls is a shooter. to avoid conflict with the series' moral qualms about letting its characters kill, the enemies cannot be human. furthermore, the zombie shooter genre can only fit within the series if its zombies are completely inhuman. this means their pasts as humans cannot be acknowledged, nor the possibility of a cure, nor the characters' own potential conflicts about killing them; or, at least, not in a way that impedes their or the player's ability to gun them down afterwards.
if you can't kill humans in your series, then it cannot be possible to save (in this case, rehumanize) zombies. this is especially true in a game where you are unable to fight humans, and thus human lives are universally more valuable than zombie lives. because if you kill a zombie that can be cured, you are, in a way, killing a human.
and so, in a series where you should always assume your enemies (and everyone, for that matter) are capable of reason, compassion, change, and redemption, and where they are always worth that effort, even if they reject it in the end, dead souls' enemies are irredeemable and only worth swift, stylish slaughter. there are only good guys and bad guys. good guys must be protected, lest they be turned irreversibly into bad guys. good guys are only protected by killing bad guys, and the only way to save good guys is to kill every last one of the bad guys. do not spare them, and do not ask whether or not it's right. only kill.
i love dead souls. it's a silly game. i like seeing daigo in decoy-drag and majima gleefully cartwheeling his way through zombies and ryuji with his giant gun arm prosthetic. it's fun. but when i was trying to figure out what felt off about it to me, one of the words that came to mind (besides american) was indulgent. that, too, felt odd, because i love indulgent media. i am not one to scorn decadent, hedonistic, beautiful high-calorie slop type media. if dead souls was just fan servicey, that wouldn't really bother me. i am a fan and boy do i feel serviced. it rocks. but i think my problem is in what dead souls is indulging.
i think dead souls indulges in the desire to cut loose, and to see these characters cut loose. thing is, they're cutting loose all over kamurocho, and all over the bodies of people they used to (at least in concept) care for. with lethal weapons. it is catharsis via bloodbath, not by pushing your body and mind to the limit in man to man combat, but by pulling a trigger before the other guy can hurt you, or even think about hurting you, for the crime of existing as the wrong kind of thing.
and i just don't think that's in line with rgg's beliefs.
yes, it's probably fair for dead souls' characters to kill zombies. i'm not against that. i'm also not against games letting you do purposeless violence. i spent a good amount of my elementary school years killing oblivion npcs for shits, like. that's not what bothers me about dead souls.
rgg as a series has always taken a hard stance in both its game design and narrative choices against killing and for the potential for redemption in its enemies. and i think the lengths to which it goes to promote that despite the probably-lethal moves you do and the improbability of a harmless do-gooder yakuza is one of the most endearing things about the games. so for this one entry to disregard that key theme for the sake of a genre shift that flopped super hard, well? i dunno. it feels weird i guess. it's out of place not just because it's a dramatic shift in gameplay and style and also zombies are only a thing here (and the supernatural/fantastical are thus only prominent here), but because of what those shifts imply.
so, uh. yeah. my pre-dead-souls thoughts that dead souls wasn't that out of pocket bc rgg's just kinda weird? turns out it was actually super weird to have a zombie shooter in there, but for way way deeper reasons than anyone gives it credit for.
(footnotes in tags)
#1) i deemphasized the physicality of shooting to emphasize my points about the viscerality and personal nature of rgg#brawls and the colder more detached nature of gun use relative to that but i do NOT mean that shooting has no physical component to it#obviously it takes a lot of skill to shoot quickly and accurately and lugging a bigass gun around kamurocho would tucker me out for sure#2) no i don't think all those things i said were american were usa-exclusive. it's a big world out there. i'm just saying those things#combined feel like a particularly american flavor of thing to me#3) there's probably more to be said about the connection between wanton killing and american styling or anti-immigration theming in zombie#stories or dead souls But i figured that was a bit too disconnected to the funny zombie game. this shit was a lot anyway y'know?#4) also i don't think most of this was intentional on the part of rgg studios. i genuinely think they just wanted to make a fun zombie#shooter and didnt really think about it all that hard. whenever you make smth there's gonna be implications you never considered. it happen#5) is it ballsy to write a giant essay on a game i'm like 1/4 the way through? yes. i've done smarter things. i'll revisit it when im done#if i'm wrong then i'll figure it out probably. but like. i don't think they'd set up the hasegawa objective stuff or have akiyama just#unflinchingly start shooting zombies and then later challenge that. we'll see but my hopes aren't high y'know? i know rgg#6) i should also clarify that violent catharsis is a) a part of all rgg games and b) cool as hell. it's the lethal bit that doesn't fit with#the series y'know?#rgg#ryu ga gotoku#yakuza#like a dragon#yakuza dead souls#dead souls#classic skrunk 4 hr middle of the night impulse essay hooorayy
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