#GRB 230307A

[chibinotan]

Traveling Stars

[jameswebb-discoveries]

Discovery Alert! In a new discovery released on October 25, 2023, Webb Telescope Discovers Tellurium, a Rare Cosmic Element from Star Merger. Read full article here

Discover how Webb and a collaboration of telescopes observed an incredibly bright gamma-ray burst, GRB 230307A, and revealed the secrets of a neutron star merger that produced a cosmic explosion called a kilonova. But that's not all! Webb's keen eye also detected the presence of tellurium, an element even rarer on Earth than platinum. 🌌💫

🔍 Unlock the mysteries of the cosmos, learn about neutron star mergers, and dive into the thrilling world of space exploration. 🪙✨

Read the full article here.

Join us on this cosmic journey as we delve into the depths of the universe and unravel its most profound secrets. 🌠🔮 Don't miss out on this awe-inspiring discovery! 🚀 #NASA #WebbTelescope #SpaceExploration #CosmicDiscovery #Astronomy #Tellurium #Kilonova

[skycrorg]

Estudio confirma que el brillante estallido de rayos gamma GRB 230307A fue causado por la fusión de estrellas de neutrones

Las estrellas de neutrones se crean cuando estrellas supergigantes masivas colapsan durante una supernova. Una vez creados, pueden vagar solos y sin rumbo por el espacio. A veces, sin embargo, viajan cerca de otra estrella de neutrones, formando un sistem

Un equipo internacional de astrónomos y astrofísicos ha encontrado evidencia de que el brillante estallido de rayos gamma GRB 230307A observado el año pasado fue causado por la fusión de dos estrellas de neutrones, no por el colapso de una estrella masiva. En su estudio, publicado en la revista Nature, el grupo analizó datos tanto del Telescopio Espacial Hubble como del Telescopio Espacial James…

[lakeconews]

Space News: Webb makes its first detection of heavy element from star merger

A team of scientists has used multiple space- and ground-based telescopes, including the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, to observe an exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst, GRB 230307A, and identify the neutron star merger that generated the explosion that created the burst. Webb also helped scientists detect the chemical element tellurium in the aftermath of the explosion.

[phonemantra-blog]

Recent studies using JWST and Earth-based telescopes reveal the presence of heavy elements in the ejecta of material from the gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A Recent observations from JWST and ground-based telescopes have confirmed the presence of heavy elements in the ejecta of material from the gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A.  Classified as a kilonova, GRB 230307A is considered the second brightest gamma-ray burst. One of the notable consequences of kilonovae is the generation of heavy elements such as tellurium, which is classified as a metalloid in the periodic table. Scientists also suggest that iodine, essential for life on Earth, may be generated by kilonova gamma-ray bursts since both elements are located next to each other on the periodic table of elements. [caption id="attachment_77016" align="aligncenter" width="780"] JWST[/caption] Tellurium is an extremely rare element on Earth, even rarer than platinum, and is used in various metal alloys, semiconductors, oil refining, and solar cell production. Although rare on Earth, tellurium has been found in planetary nebulae and ancient stars. Recent observations have also shown the presence of iodine in these space objects. JWST helped detect the presence of tellurium and iodine from the gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A Lasting 200 seconds, GRB 230307A was approximately 1000 times brighter than traditional gamma-ray bursts and is the second brightest gamma-ray burst ever detected. It was discovered in March 2023 by NASA's FERMI space telescope, and subsequent observations were made using JWST's infrared and spectroscopic instruments 29 and 61 days after the flare. Kilonovae are the result of the merger of two neutron stars and are thought to produce rare elements that are significantly heavier than iron. The brightest kilonova was discovered in 2022 and named BOAT (Brightest of all time, the brightest of all time). Observations of gamma-ray bursts have been carried out for more than 50 years, the first was recorded on July 2, 1967, and confirmation of this event came in 1969. Gamma-ray flashes are classified into short and long, with short-lasting less than two seconds and long-lasting several minutes. Scientists hope that with the use of JWST and ground-based observatories, it will be possible to detect and study even more kilonovae and expand our understanding of the synthesis of heavy elements in the Universe.

[astroimages]

JAMES WEBB ENCONTRA ELEMENTO RARO E VALIOSO EM FUSÃO DE ESTRELAS DE NÊUT...

APROVEITE A BLACK FRIDAY NA HASHTAG TREINAMENTOS: https://blp.hashtagtreinamentos.com/black-friday/inscricao-black-friday-pat?af=spacetoday Uma equipe de cientistas usou vários telescópios espaciais e terrestres, incluindo o Telescópio Espacial James Webb da NASA/ESA/CSA, para observar uma explosão de raios gama excepcionalmente brilhante, GRB 230307A, e identificar a fusão de estrelas de nêutrons que gerou a explosão. que criou a explosão. Webb também ajudou os cientistas a detectar o elemento químico telúrio após a explosão. Outros elementos próximos ao telúrio na tabela periódica  —  como o iodo, que é necessário para grande parte da vida na Terra  —  também provavelmente estarão presentes entre o material ejetado da quilonova. Uma quilonova é uma explosão produzida pela fusão de uma estrela de nêutrons com um buraco negro ou com outra estrela de nêutrons. “ Pouco mais de 150 anos desde que Dmitri Mendeleev escreveu a tabela periódica dos elementos, estamos agora finalmente em condições de começar a preencher as últimas lacunas de compreensão de onde tudo foi feito, graças a Webb”, disse Andrew Levan, da Radboud University, no Holanda e a Universidade de Warwick, no Reino Unido, autora principal do estudo. Embora as fusões de estrelas de nêutrons tenham sido teorizadas há muito tempo como sendo as “panelas de pressão” ideais para criar alguns dos elementos mais raros e substancialmente mais pesados ​​que o ferro, os astrônomos já encontraram alguns obstáculos para obter evidências sólidas. Kilonovas são extremamente raras, dificultando a observação desses eventos. Explosões curtas de raios gama (GRBs), tradicionalmente consideradas aquelas que duram menos de dois segundos, podem ser subprodutos desses episódios de fusão pouco frequentes. Em contraste, longas explosões de raios gama podem durar vários minutos e estão geralmente associadas à morte explosiva de uma estrela massiva. O caso do GRB 230307A é particularmente notável. Detectado pela primeira vez pelo Telescópio Espacial de Raios Gama Fermi da NASA em março, é o segundo GRB mais brilhante observado em mais de 50 anos de observações, cerca de 1000 vezes mais brilhante do que uma explosão típica de raios gama que Fermi observa. Também durou 200 segundos, colocando-o firmemente na categoria de explosões de raios gama de longa duração, apesar da sua origem diferente. “ Esta explosão está na categoria longa. Não é perto da fronteira. Mas parece vir de uma estrela de nêutrons em fusão ”, acrescentou Eric Burns, coautor do artigo e membro da equipe Fermi da Louisiana State University. A colaboração de muitos telescópios no solo e no espaço permitiu aos cientistas reunir uma riqueza de informações sobre este evento assim que a explosão foi detectada. É um exemplo de como os satélites e os telescópios trabalham juntos para testemunhar as mudanças no Universo à medida que estas se desenrolam. Após a detecção inicial, uma série intensiva de observações do solo e do espaço entrou em ação para localizar a fonte no céu e rastrear como seu brilho mudou. Estas observações em raios gama, raios X, ópticos, infravermelhos e rádio mostraram que a contraparte óptica/infravermelha era fraca, evoluiu rapidamente e tornou-se muito vermelha – as características de uma quilonova. “ Este tipo de explosão é muito rápida, com o material da explosão também se expandindo rapidamente ”, disse Om Sharan Salafia, coautor do estudo no INAF – Observatório Astronômico de Brera, na Itália. “ À medida que toda a nuvem se expande, o material arrefece rapidamente e o pico da sua luz torna-se visível no infravermelho e torna-se mais vermelho em escalas de tempo de dias a semanas .” Mais tarde, teria sido impossível estudar esta quilonova a partir do solo, mas estas eram as condições perfeitas para os instrumentos NIRCam ( Near-Infrared Camera ) e NIRSpec ( Near-Infrared Spectrograph ) de Webb observarem este ambiente tumultuado. O espectro tem linhas largas que mostram que o material é ejetado em altas velocidades, mas uma característica é clara: a luz emitida pelo telúrio, um elemento mais raro que a platina na Terra. Neste caso, as estrelas de neutrões permaneceram como um sistema binário apesar de dois choques explosivos e foram expulsas da sua galáxia natal. O par viajou aproximadamente o equivalente ao diâmetro da Via Láctea antes de se fundir centenas de milhões de anos depois. Os cientistas esperam encontrar ainda mais quilonovas no futuro, graças ao número crescente de oportunidades de ter telescópios espaciais e terrestres trabalhando de forma complementar para estudar as mudanças no Universo. FONTES: https://esawebb.org/news/weic2325/?lang https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06759-1 #EXPLOSION #STARS #UNIVERSE

[insurgentepress]

Observan creación de 'ladrillos' de la vida en estallido GRB 230307A

Agencias/Ciudad de México.- La creación de elementos químicos raros ha sido observada en la segunda explosión de rayos gamma más brillante jamás vista, lo que arroja nueva luz sobre cómo se forman los elementos pesados. En una investigación publicada en ‘Nature‘, los investigadores examinaron la explosión de rayos gamma GRB 230307A, excepcionalmente brillante, provocada por la fusión de una…

[jcmarchi]

Webb's First Detection of Heavy Element from Star Merger - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/webbs-first-detection-of-heavy-element-from-star-merger-technology-org/

Webb's First Detection of Heavy Element from Star Merger - Technology Org

A team of scientists has used multiple space and ground-based telescopes, including NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, to observe an exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst, GRB 230307A, and identify the neutron star merger that generated an explosion that created the burst. Webb also helped scientists detect the chemical element tellurium in the explosion’s aftermath.

This graphic presentation compares the spectral data of GRB 230307A’s kilonova as observed by the James Webb Space Telescope and a kilonova model. Both show a distinct peak in the spectrum region associated with tellurium, with the area shaded in red. The detection of tellurium, which is rarer than platinum on Earth, marks Webb’s first direct look at an individual heavy element from a kilonova. Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STSCI)

Other elements near tellurium on the periodic table—like iodine, which is needed for much of life on Earth—are also likely to be present among the kilonova’s ejected material. A kilonova is an explosion produced by a neutron star merging with either a black hole or with another neutron star.

“We only know of a handful of kilonovas with any certainty, and this is only the second one for which we have such detailed spectral information” said Tanmoy Laskar, assistant professor at the University of Utah, who is a co-author of the study.

“Just over 150 years since Dmitri Mendeleev wrote down the periodic table of elements, we are now finally in the position to start filling in those last blanks of understanding where everything was made, thanks to Webb,” said Andrew Levan of Radboud University in the Netherlands and the University of Warwick in the UK, lead author of the study.

While neutron star mergers have long been theorized as being the ideal “pressure cookers” to create some of the rarer elements substantially heavier than iron, astronomers have previously encountered a few obstacles in obtaining solid evidence.

Kilonovas are extremely rare, making it difficult to observe these events. Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), traditionally thought to be those that last less than two seconds, can be byproducts of these infrequent merger episodes. In contrast, long gamma-ray bursts may last several minutes and are usually associated with the explosive death of a massive star.

The case of GRB 230307A is particularly remarkable. First detected by NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope in March, it is the second brightest GRB observed in over 50 years of observations, about 1,000 times brighter than a typical gamma-ray burst that Fermi observes. It also lasted for 200 seconds, placing it firmly in the category of long duration gamma-ray bursts, despite its different origin.

“This burst is way into the long category. It’s not near the border. But it seems to be coming from a merging neutron star,” added Eric Burns, a co-author of the paper and member of the Fermi team at Louisiana State University.

The collaboration of many telescopes on the ground and in space allowed scientists to piece together a wealth of information about this event as soon as the burst was first detected. It is an example of how satellites and telescopes work together to witness changes in the universe as they unfold.

After the first detection, an intensive series of observations from the ground and from space, including with NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, swung into action to pinpoint the source on the sky and to track its changing brightness at X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths.

This radiation is usually powered by the interaction of the gamma-ray burst’s jet with the surrounding environment and is called the afterglow. Scientists found that the brightness of the afterglow was behaving in unexpected ways.

“None of our afterglow models made any sense,” said Laskar, who helped explore and rule out alternate models for the observed light. The radiation evolved quickly and became way too red, which are, instead, the hallmarks of a kilonova.

At later times it would have been impossible to study this kilonova from the ground, but these were the perfect conditions for Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instruments to observe this tumultuous environment. The spectrum has broad lines that show the material is ejected at high speeds, but one feature is clear: light emitted by tellurium, an element rarer than platinum on Earth.

The highly sensitive infrared capabilities of Webb helped scientists identify the home address of the two neutron stars that created the kilonova: a spiral galaxy about 120,000 light-years away from the site of the merger.

This image from Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) instrument highlights GRB 230307A’s kilonova and its former home galaxy among their local environment of other galaxies and foreground stars. The neutron stars were kicked out of their home galaxy and traveled the distance of about 120,000 light-years, approximately the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy, before finally merging several hundred million years later. Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STSCI, Andrew Levan (IMAPP, WARW)

Prior to their venture, they were once two normal massive stars that formed a binary system in their home spiral galaxy. Since the duo was gravitationally bound, both stars were launched together on two separate occasions: when one among the pair exploded as a supernova and became a neutron star, and when the other star followed suit.

In this case, the neutron stars remained as a binary system despite two explosive jolts and were kicked out of their home galaxy. The pair traveled approximately the equivalent of the Milky Way galaxy’s diameter before merging several hundred million years later.

Scientists expect to find even more kilonovas in the future due to the increasing opportunities to have space and ground-based telescopes work in complementary ways to study changes in the universe. For example, while Webb can peer deeper into space than ever before, the remarkable field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will enable astronomers to scout where and how frequently these explosions occur.

“Webb provides a phenomenal boost and may find even heavier elements,” said Ben Gompertz, a co-author of the study at the University of Birmingham in the UK.

“As we get more frequent observations, the models will improve and the spectrum may evolve more in time. Webb has certainly opened the door to do a lot more, and its abilities will be completely transformative for our understanding of the universe.”

These findings have been published in the journal Nature.

Source: University of Utah

You can offer your link to a page which is relevant to the topic of this post.

[hetesiya]

James Webb Uzay Teleskobu'yla gözlemlenen muazzam patlama, yaşamın kökenlerini açıklayabilir | Independent Türkçe

[spacenutspod]

Birmingham UK (SPX) Oct 26, 2023 Scientists have observed the creation of rare chemical elements in the second-brightest gamma-ray burst ever seen - casting new light on how heavy elements are made. Researchers examined the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A, which was caused by a neutron star merger. The explosion was observed using an array of ground and space-based telescopes, including NASA's James Webb Space

[netmassimo]

An article published in the journal "Nature" reports the detection of heavy elements including tellurium ejected from a kilonova, the merger between two neutron stars. A team of researchers started from the gamma-ray burst cataloged as GRB 230307A to examine data collected by ground-based and space telescopes which made it possible to identify the characteristics of a kilonova at the origin of that very powerful explosion, which lasted about 200 seconds in the second brightest gamma-ray burst detected so far.

The James Webb Space Telescope made it possible to examine the environment around the kilonova with its NIRCam and NIRSpec instruments, detecting the spectroscopic traces left in the emissions from materials ejected at high speed. For the first time, tellurium, a very rare element on Earth, was detected. Webb also made it possible to ascertain that the pair of neutron stars that merged was ejected from its home galaxy hundreds of millions of years ago.

[inkyvoids]

A team of scientists has used multiple space and ground-based telescopes, including NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, to observe an exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst, GRB 230307A, and identify the neutron star merger that generated an explosion that created the burst. Webb also helped scientists detect the chemical element tellurium in the explosion’s aftermath. Other elements near tellurium on the periodic table – like iodine, which is needed for much of life on Earth – are also likely to be present among the kilonova’s ejected material. A kilonova is an explosion produced by a neutron star merging with either a black hole or with another neutron star.

[gaetaniu]

Webb rileva per la prima volta un elemento pesante proveniente da una fusione stellare

Questa immagine dello strumento NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) del James Webb Space Telescope della NASA mette in evidenza il Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) 230307A e la kilonova ad esso associata, nonché la sua ex galassia di origine, nel loro ambiente locale di altre galassie e stelle in primo piano. Il GRB è stato probabilmente alimentato dalla fusione di due stelle di neutroni. Le stelle di neutroni…

[skycrorg]

Localizan el segundo estallido de rayos gamma más brillante jamás visto

Los científicos han observado la creación de elementos químicos raros en el segundo estallido de rayos gamma más brillante jamás visto, arrojando nueva luz sobre cómo se forman los elementos pesados. Los investigadores examinaron el estallido de rayos gamma GRB 230307A excepcionalmente brillante, causado por la fusión de una estrella de neutrones. La explosión se observó utilizando una serie de…

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

NASA's Webb makes first detection of heavy element from star merger

A team of scientists has used multiple space and ground-based telescopes, including NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, to observe an exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst, GRB 230307A, and identify the neutron star merger that generated an explosion that created the burst. Webb also helped scientists detect the chemical element tellurium in the explosion’s aftermath.

Other elements near tellurium on the periodic table – like iodine, which is needed for much of life on Earth – are also likely to be present among the kilonova’s ejected material. A kilonova is an explosion produced by a neutron star merging with either a black hole or with another neutron star.

���Just over 150 years since Dmitri Mendeleev wrote down the periodic table of elements, we are now finally in the position to start filling in those last blanks of understanding where everything was made, thanks to Webb,” said Andrew Levan of Radboud University in the Netherlands and the University of Warwick in the UK, lead author of the study.

While neutron star mergers have long been theorized as being the ideal “pressure cookers” to create some of the rarer elements substantially heavier than iron, astronomers have previously encountered a few obstacles in obtaining solid evidence.

Long Gamma-Ray Burst

Kilonovae are extremely rare, making it difficult to observe these events. Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), traditionally thought to be those that last less than two seconds, can be byproducts of these infrequent merger episodes. (In contrast, long gamma-ray bursts may last several minutes and are usually associated with the explosive death of a massive star.)

The case of GRB 230307A is particularly remarkable. First detected by Fermi in March, it is the second brightest GRB observed in over 50 years of observations, about 1,000 times brighter than a typical gamma-ray burst that Fermi observes. It also lasted for 200 seconds, placing it firmly in the category of long duration gamma-ray bursts, despite its different origin.

“This burst is way into the long category. It’s not near the border. But it seems to be coming from a merging neutron star,” added Eric Burns, a co-author of the paper and member of the Fermi team at Louisiana State University.

Opportunity: Telescope Collaboration

The collaboration of many telescopes on the ground and in space allowed scientists to piece together a wealth of information about this event as soon as the burst was first detected. It is an example of how satellites and telescopes work together to witness changes in the universe as they unfold. 

After the first detection, an intensive series of observations from the ground and from space, including with Swift, swung into action to pinpoint the source on the sky and track how its brightness changed. These observations in the gamma-ray, X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio showed that the optical/infrared counterpart was faint, evolved quickly, and became very red – the hallmarks of a kilonova.

“This type of explosion is very rapid, with the material in the explosion also expanding swiftly,” said Om Sharan Salafia, a co-author of the study at the INAF – Brera Astronomical Observatory in Italy. “As the whole cloud expands, the material cools off quickly and the peak of its light becomes visible in infrared, and becomes redder on timescales of days to weeks.”

At later times it would have been impossible to study this kilonova from the ground, but these were the perfect conditions for Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instruments to observe this tumultuous environment. The spectrum has broad lines that show the material is ejected at high speeds, but one feature is clear: light emitted by tellurium, an element rarer than platinum on Earth.

The highly sensitive infrared capabilities of Webb helped scientists identify the home address of the two neutron stars that created the kilonova: a spiral galaxy about 120,000 light-years away from the site of the merger.

Prior to their venture, they were once two normal massive stars that formed a binary system in their home spiral galaxy. Since the duo was gravitationally bound, both stars were launched together on two separate occasions: when one among the pair exploded as a supernova and became a neutron star, and when the other star followed suit.

In this case, the neutron stars remained as a binary system despite two explosive jolts and were kicked out of their home galaxy. The pair traveled approximately the equivalent of the Milky Way galaxy’s diameter before merging several hundred million years later.

Scientists expect to find even more kilonovae in the future due to the increasing opportunities to have space and ground-based telescopes work in complementary ways to study changes in the universe. For example, while Webb can peer deeper into space than ever before, the remarkable field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will enable astronomers to scout where and how frequently these explosions occur.

“Webb provides a phenomenal boost and may find even heavier elements,” said Ben Gompertz, a co-author of the study at the University of Birmingham in the UK. “As we get more frequent observations, the models will improve and the spectrum may evolve more in time. Webb has certainly opened the door to do a lot more, and its abilities will be completely transformative for our understanding of the universe.”

These findings have been published in the journal Nature.

The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.

TOP IMAGE....This image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) instrument highlights Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) 230307A and its associated kilonova, as well as its former home galaxy, among their local environment of other galaxies and foreground stars. The GRB likely was powered by the merger of two neutron stars. The neutron stars were kicked out of their home galaxy and traveled the distance of about 120,000 light-years, approximately the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy, before finally merging several hundred million years later.  CREDIT  Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, A. Levan (Radboud University and University of Warwick).

LOWER IMAGE....This graphic presentation compares the spectral data of GRB 230307A’s kilonova as observed by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope and a kilonova model. Both show a distinct peak in the region of the spectrum associated with tellurium, with the area shaded in red. The detection of tellurium, which is rarer than platinum on Earth, marks Webb’s first direct look at an individual heavy element from a kilonova.  CREDIT Illustration: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI).

[michaelgabrill]

NASAs Webb Makes First Detection of Heavy Element From Star Merger

Webb’s study of the second-brightest gamma-ray burst ever seen reveals tellurium. A team of scientists has used multiple space and ground-based telescopes, including NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, to observe an exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst, GRB 230307A, and identify the neutron star merger that […] from NASA https://ift.tt/h41efqM