#In Situ Bioremediation

[delta-remediation]

Effective Bioremediation Techniques: A Sustainable Solution for Environmental Cleanup

Bioremediation is a sustainable and cost-effective solution to environmental pollution, using living organisms such as bacteria and fungi to degrade pollutants into harmless compounds. There are various bioremediation techniques, including in situ (at the site of pollution) and ex situ (removing contaminants to treat elsewhere). Other methods include bioventing, biosparging, and use of bioreactors to promote the natural degradation of pollutants.

These techniques can handle a wide array of pollution types including petroleum, heavy metal, pesticide contamination, industrial waste, and landfill leachate. Benefits of bioremediation include its sustainability, cost-effectiveness, versatility, and non-invasiveness.

One company leading the way in bioremediation is Delta Remediation, based in Alberta, Canada. They specialize in applying these techniques to sites polluted with hydrocarbons, pesticides, and industrial waste, and have expanded their operations to Nigeria and Kenya.

Bioremediation thus offers a promising method for environmental cleanup, being both eco-friendly and adaptable to diverse environments. Companies like Delta Remediation are pioneering in this sector, making significant contributions to environmental health.

[deltaremediation]

Environmental Cleanup: Bioremediation as an Eco-Friendly Solution

Bioremediation is an eco-friendly approach that uses microorganisms or their enzymes to clean up environmental pollutants. It is a sustainable and cost-effective method to treat contaminated soil, water, and air. Bioremediation can be applied to a variety of pollutants, including petroleum, pesticides, and solvents. The process involves various biochemical reactions, microbial interactions, and environmental factors.

The principles of bioremediation are based on the natural processes of microbial degradation and plant uptake. Microorganisms have evolved to use various organic compounds as sources of energy and nutrients. They have a diverse range of enzymes that can break down complex molecules into simpler forms that can be utilized by the cell. In bioremediation, microbial degradation is enhanced by adding nutrients, oxygen, and other growth-promoting factors to the contaminated site. This can be achieved by various techniques, such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and phytoremediation.

There are several types of bioremediation techniques that can be applied to different types of pollutants and environments. The most common ones are in situ bioremediation, ex situ bioremediation, bioventing, biosparging, and bioreactors.

Bioremediation has been applied to a wide range of environmental pollutants and industries. Petroleum, heavy metal, pesticide, industrial waste, and landfill leachate contamination are some of the common applications of bioremediation.

Compared to traditional remediation techniques, such as excavation and incineration, bioremediation offers several benefits. It is sustainable, cost-effective, versatile, and non-invasive. Therefore, bioremediation is a promising eco-friendly solution for environmental cleanup.

[wachinyeya]

https://www.ecowatch.com/forever-chemicals-cleanup-science.html

Researchers from Texas A&M AgriLife of Texas A&M University have developed a new bioremediation technology using plant-based material and fungi that could take care of cleaning up per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. These pollutants, also called “forever chemicals” or PFAS, are found in soil, water, and even human and animal blood and may be harmful to humans and other species.

PFAS are found just about everywhere, from food wrappers and dental floss to clothing and electrical wire insulation. While more research is needed on health implications from PFAS exposure, the CDC notes that these chemicals may affect development, reproduction and the immune system and may cause liver damage. Extremely high exposures of PFAS may also be linked to cancer.

“PFAS do not degrade easily in the environment and are toxic even at trace level concentrations,” said Susie Dai, associate professor in the Texas A&M Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology. “They must be removed and destroyed to prevent human exposure and negative impacts on the ecosystem. PFAS are so stable because they are composed of a chain of carbon and fluorine atoms linked together, and the carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest chemical bonds. They can occur in water at a very low concentration and you have to concentrate them and then destroy them.”

The only way to actually get rid of these “forever chemicals” is by burning them, which is a lengthy and expensive process. After incineration, other products, like active carbon, are used to finally clean up the PFAS.

But Texas A&M researchers have found a new way to use a plant-based material that adsorbs the pollutants. As explained by ScienceDirect, adsorption is “The use of solids for removing substances from either gaseous or liquid solutions.” The adsorbent material is then consumed by microbial fungi. The team recently published their findings for the process framework, which they call Renewable Artificial Plant for In-situ Microbial Environmental Remediation (RAPIMER), in Nature.

“The plant’s cell wall material serves as a framework to adsorb the PFAS,” Dai explained. “Then this material and the adsorbed chemical serve as food for a microbial fungus. The fungus eats it, it’s gone, and you don’t have the disposal problem. Basically, the fungus is doing the detoxification process.”

This sustainable PFAS clean-up system could scale for commercial use, leading to a better way to remove these chemical pollutants from the environment. It could also come in handy as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers creating PFAS thresholds to its water quality standards, which will require municipal water treatment plants to find cost-effective solutions to monitor and remove PFAS from the water if necessary.

[tritonmarketresearchamey]

Bioremediation Technology and Services: Market Analysis 2024-2032

The global bioremediation technology and services market is set to advance at a CAGR of 7.97% during the forecasting phase 2024-2032. Request Free Sample Report

According to Triton Market Research, the Global Bioremediation Technology and Services Market report is sectioned by Type (In-situ Bioremediation, Ex-situ Bioremediation), Service (Wastewater Remediation, Soil Remediation, Oilfield Remediation, Other Services), Technology (Biostimulation, Phytoremediation, Bioreactors, Bioaugmentation, Fungal Remediation, Land-based Treatments), and Regional Outlook (North America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America).

The report highlights the Market Summary, Industry Outlook, Impact Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, Key Buying Impact Analysis, Industry Components, Market Maturity Analysis, Key Market Strategies, Market Drivers, Challenges, Opportunities, Analyst Perspective, Competitive Landscape, Research Methodology and scope, Global Market Size, Forecasts & Analysis (2024-2032).

Based on Triton’s analysis, the global bioremediation technology and services market is set to advance at a CAGR of 7.97% during the forecasting phase 2024-2032. 

Bioremediation technique encompassing phytoremediation, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation, offers an eco-friendly approach to tackle diverse environmental challenges, serving as a sustainable alternative to conventional remediation techniques.

Rising integration of nanotechnology and growing innovation in metagenomics and genomics are creating ample opportunities for the bioremediation technology and services market. Nanotechnology enables the development of advanced materials and techniques with properties tailored for environmental cleanup, such as increased surface area for adsorption, enhanced reactivity, and improved transport of contaminants. These nanomaterials can target specific pollutants, allowing for more precise and targeted remediation efforts. This significantly widens the scope of the studied market globally. 

However, uncertainty pertaining to the site and the long duration of the process restricts the development of the bioremediation technology and services market. 

Asia-Pacific is estimated to become the fastest-growing region globally. The surge in population alongside urbanization and industrial expansion, coupled with heightened oil and gas consumption, has fostered numerous contaminated sites. Consequently, heightened awareness regarding the adverse effects of pollution and governmental regulations aimed at environmental preservation has elevated the need for bioremediation services, which significantly fuels the market’s growth. 

The notable companies thriving in the bioremediation technology and services market include Carus Group Inc, Sevenson Environmental Services Inc, Aquatech International LLC, Drylet Inc, Xylem Inc, Soilutions Ltd, Verde Environmental Group, RT Environmental Services Inc, Regenesis Remediation Solutions, and Ivey International Inc. 

The market is currently dominated by established players who wield significant control. Any prospective newcomer would face substantial barriers to entry, including high capital requirements for technical products and labor, as well as a considerable time frame needed to secure a foothold in the market. Given the robust competition, establishing a new presence becomes a formidable challenge. As a result, the threat posed by new entrants remains low.

[house-construction-services]

Soil Remediation Techniques in House Construction: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability

As urbanization continues to expand, the demand for housing and infrastructure has led to the development of previously untouched lands. However, this construction often comes with the challenge of soil contamination, which poses risks to both environmental and human health. Soil remediation techniques are therefore crucial in ensuring the sustainability of house construction projects, mitigating the adverse effects of contaminants and restoring soil quality.

Understanding Soil Contamination:

Soil contamination can arise from various sources, including industrial activities, improper waste disposal, and historical land use. Common contaminants found in construction sites include heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These pollutants can leach into groundwater, affect plant growth, and pose health risks if not properly addressed.

Soil Remediation Techniques:

Excavation and Removal: In cases where contamination is localized and shallow, excavation of contaminated soil followed by proper disposal is a common remediation approach. This method is effective for addressing surface-level pollutants but may be costly and disruptive to the site.

Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE): SVE involves the extraction of volatile contaminants from the soil by applying a vacuum to the subsurface. This technique is suitable for sites contaminated with VOCs and can be combined with other methods such as air sparging to enhance effectiveness.

Bioremediation: Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms to degrade organic contaminants into harmless byproducts. This natural and cost-effective method can be applied in situ or ex situ, depending on site conditions. Bioremediation is particularly effective for petroleum hydrocarbons and organic pollutants.

Phytoremediation: Phytoremediation involves the use of plants to absorb, metabolize, or accumulate contaminants from the soil. Certain plant species have been found to be effective in removing heavy metals, pesticides, and even radioactive elements from the soil. This technique is environmentally friendly and can be integrated into landscaping designs.

Chemical Remediation: Chemical methods such as oxidation-reduction reactions, soil washing, and chemical stabilization can be employed to treat contaminated soil. These techniques involve the use of chemical agents to neutralize or extract pollutants, making the soil suitable for construction activities.

Thermal Remediation: Thermal techniques such as thermal desorption and soil vapor extraction with thermal enhancement involve the application of heat to the contaminated soil to volatilize or destroy contaminants. While effective, thermal remediation methods can be energy-intensive and may pose challenges in controlling emissions.

Integration into Construction Practices:

Incorporating soil remediation into house construction projects requires careful planning and collaboration between developers, environmental consultants, and regulatory authorities. Site assessments should be conducted prior to construction to identify potential contamination risks, allowing for early implementation of remediation measures. Furthermore, adopting sustainable construction practices such as minimizing waste generation and using environmentally friendly materials can help reduce the likelihood of soil contamination and promote long-term environmental stewardship.

Soil remediation is a critical component of sustainable house construction, ensuring the protection of both environmental and human health. By employing a combination of remediation techniques tailored to site-specific conditions, developers can mitigate the impacts of soil contamination and promote the revitalization of degraded land. Incorporating soil remediation into construction practices not only fulfills regulatory requirements but also demonstrates a commitment to environmental sustainability in urban development projects.

[spacenutspod]

4 min read NASA Selects 11 Space Biology Research Projects to Inform Biological Research During Future Lunar Exploration Missions NASA announces the award of eleven grants or cooperative agreements for exciting new Space Biology research that will advance NASA’s understanding of how exposure to lunar dust/regolith impact both plant and animal systems. As human exploration prepares to go beyond Earth Orbit, Space Biology is advancing its research priorities towards work that will enable organisms to Thrive In DEep Space (TIDES). The ultimate goal of the TIDES initiative is to enable long-duration space missions and improve life on Earth through innovative research. Space Biology supported research will enable the study of the effects of environmental stressors in spaceflight on model organisms, that will both inform future fundamental research, as well as provide valuable information that will better enable human exploration of deep space. Proposals for these eleven projects were submitted in response to ROSES-2022 Program Element E.9 “Space Biology Research Studies” (NNH22ZDA001N-SBR). This funding opportunity solicited ground studies using plant or animal models (or their associated microbes) to characterize the responses of these organisms to lunar regolith simulant similar to that found at NASA candidate landing sites for future lunar exploration missions. This funding opportunity represents a collaboration between the Space Biology Program and NASA’s Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) Division within the Exploration Architecture, Integration, and Science (EAIS) Directorate at the NASA Johnson Space Center, who will be supplying the lunar regolith simulant required for these studies. Selected studies include (but are not limited to) efforts to 1) test the ability of lunar regolith to act as a growth substrate for crop-producing plants including grains, tomatoes and potatoes, 2) understand how growth in lunar regolith influences plant and microbial interactions, and how in turn, these interactions affect plant development and health, 3) identify and test bioremediation methods/techniques to enhance the ability of regolith to act as a growth substrate, and 4) understand how lunar dust exposure impacts host/microbial interactions in human-analogous model systems under simulated microgravity conditions. Eleven investigators will conduct these Space Biology investigations from ten institutions in nine states. Eight of these awards are to investigators new to the Space Biology Program. When fully implemented, approximately $2.3 million will be awarded in fiscal years 2024-2027. Plant Research Investigations Simon Gilroy, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin, Madison Tailoring Lunar Regolith to Plant Nutrition Aymeric Goyer, Ph.D.  Oregon State University Growth, physiology and nutrition dynamics of potato plants grown on lunar regolith simulant medium Christopher Mason, Ph.D. Weill Medical College of Cornell University Leveraging the microbes of Earth’s extreme environments for sustainable plant growth in lunar regolith Thomas Juenger, Ph.D. University of Texas, Austin Engineering plant-microbial interactions for improved plant growth on simulated lunar regolith Plant Early Career Research Investigations Miranda Haus, Ph.D. Michigan State University The sources and extent of root stunting during growth in lunar highland regolith and its impact on legume symbioses Joseph Lynch, Ph.D. West Virginia University The metabolomic impact of lunar regolith-based substrate on tomatoes Jared Broddrick, Ph.D. NASA Ames Research Center Phycoremediation of lunar regolith towards in situ agriculture Shuyang Zhen, Ph.D. Texas A&M AgriLife Research Investigating the impact of foliar and root-zone exposure to lunar regolith simulant on lettuce growth and stress physiology in a hydroponic system Plant Small Scale Research Investigations Kathryn Fixen, Ph.D. University of Minnesota The impact of lunar regolith on nitrogen fixation in a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Animal Research Investigations Cheryl Nickerson, Arizona State University Effects of Lunar Dust Simulant on Human 3-D Biomimetic Intestinal Models, Enteric Microorganisms, and Infectious Disease Risks Afshin Beheshti, Ph.D. NASA Ames Research CenterSpaceflight and Regolith Induced Mitochondrial Stress Mitigated by miRNA-based Countermeasures Share Details Last Updated Nov 21, 2023 Related Terms Biological & Physical Sciences Space Biology

[anyawinget]

North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market Size, Share and Growth 2021 to 2028

“The bioremediation technology and services market in North America is expected to grow from US$ 5,040.96 million in 2021 to US$ 9,019.34 million by 2028; it is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.7% from 2021 to 2028.”

A report added on the Business Market Insights, titled “North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market” by Company, Regions, Type, Application, and Forecast to covers several well-known organizations, key market players who are leading in the market. The report contains a thorough summary of North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market that includes several well-known organizations, key market players who are leading in terms of sales, variable market change, revenue, end-user demands, conformity through trustworthy services, restricted elements, products and other processes.

To Get a Sample Copy of Report, Click Here:

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Leading Companies Reviewed in The Market‎ Report Are:

· Altogen Labs

· Aquatech International LLC.

· Drylet, Inc.

· InSitu Remediation Services Limited

· Ivey International Inc.

· Probiosphere

· REGENESIS

· Sarva Bio Remed, LLC

· Sumas Remediation Services, Inc.

· Xylem Inc.

North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market Split by Product Type and Applications:

This report segments the North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market on the basis of Types are:

· In Situ Bioremediation

· Ex Situ Bioremediation

On the basis of the Application, the North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market is segmented into:

Phytoremediation

Bio stimulation

Bioreactors

Bioaugmentation

Fungal Remediation

Land-based Treatments

Competitive Landscape:

This report will drive companies present in this market. Outstanding players in the market are studied through a full analysis of the company profile, product portfolio, production and manufacturing capabilities, technology and product development, and revenue estimation. The North America Bioremediation Technology and Services market is highly integrated as there are many companies across this industry. The report then explains the current market conditions, past performance, demand and supply graphs, sales networks, and distribution channels for these companies.

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Questions answered in North America Bioremediation Technology and Services market research study:

· What is the market growth rate of North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market?

· What will be the regional market size of the market?

· Who are the leading global manufacturing companies in the North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market?

· What are the major current trends and predicted trends?

· What are the challenges faced in the North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market?

· How share promote North America Bioremediation Technology and Services their worth from different manufacturing brands?

· Which will be the niches at which players profiling with thorough plans, financials, and also recent advancements should set a presence?

· Which will be the anticipated growth rates for your own North America Bioremediation Technology and Services economy altogether and also for every segment inside?

· Which will be the North America Bioremediation Technology and Services application and types and forecast accompanied closely by producers?

· What are the conclusions of the North America Bioremediation Technology and Services Market report?

NOTE: Our analysts who monitor the situation around the world explain that the market will create a conservative outlook for producers after the COVID-19 crisis. The report aims to provide a further explanation of the latest scenario, the economic downturn, and the impact of COVID-19 on the entire industry.

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[delta-remediation]

Bioremediation: An Innovative Approach to Environmental Restoration

Bioremediation is a fascinating, innovative field of environmental science that seeks to harness the natural abilities of organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non-toxic substances. This process is instrumental in treating contaminated soil, water, and air, making it a crucial component in our fight against environmental pollution.

What is Bioremediation? Bioremediation utilizes living organisms, most notably bacteria, fungi, and plants, to degrade, transform, or detoxify contaminants present in the environment. These microorganisms use the contaminants as an energy source, breaking them down into simpler, non-toxic compounds. This process is advantageous as it can potentially restore polluted environments to their natural states without the need for harmful chemical or physical treatments.

Types of Bioremediation Bioremediation can be classified into two main types: in situ bioremediation and ex situ bioremediation.

In situ Bioremediation In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site. The process takes advantage of naturally occurring microbial communities that can metabolize the contaminants. Various methods can be employed to stimulate the microbial activity, such as introducing nutrients, oxygen, or other factors necessary for the microbes' metabolism.

Ex situ Bioremediation Ex situ bioremediation, on the other hand, involves removing the contaminated material from the site and treating it elsewhere. This process might involve physical methods like soil excavation or pumping out contaminated groundwater, followed by treatment in bioreactors where conditions are controlled to maximize biodegradation.

Microbial Bioremediation and Its Significance Microbial bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to degrade environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. This is a significant aspect of bioremediation because microorganisms can adapt to different environmental conditions and break down a wide range of organic compounds. They are especially effective in the bioremediation of soil and water contaminated with hazardous substances like hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides.

Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons, Soil, Water, and Wastewater Bioremediation can address various types of environmental pollution. For instance, bioremediation of hydrocarbons involves using microbes that can degrade these compounds, which are common pollutants in oil spills.

In the case of soil bioremediation, microbes or plants are used to degrade or immobilize contaminants, restoring the soil's health and fertility. This method is particularly effective in treating soils contaminated with heavy metals, oil spills, or industrial waste.

Bioremediation of water and wastewater involves using microorganisms or plants to degrade or absorb contaminants, reducing their concentrations to acceptable levels. This process can be particularly useful for treating industrial wastewater, which often contains a wide range of pollutants that can harm ecosystems and human health.

The Bioremediation Process and Its Principle The bioremediation process relies on the principle that living organisms, primarily bacteria and fungi, can use contaminants as a source of energy and nutrients. These organisms metabolize the contaminants, breaking them down into simpler, non-toxic compounds, such as water and carbon dioxide.

However, the effectiveness of bioremediation depends on several factors, including the type and concentration of the contaminant, the presence of suitable microbial populations, and environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability.

Bioremediation Companies Several bioremediation companies have emerged in recent years, offering a variety of services, including site assessment, bioremediation plan design, and implementation. These companies utilize a range of techniques and approaches, including both in situ and ex situ methods, and often tailor their strategies to the specific needs and conditions of each site.

In conclusion, bioremediation is a highly promising technique for dealing with environmental contaminants, offering a more sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional remediation methods. It leverages the metabolic abilities of microbes to break down pollutants into harmless substances, helping to restore contaminated environments to their natural states.

From in situ to ex situ methods, and from soil and water remediation to treatment of hydrocarbons and wastewater, bioremediation encompasses a wide range of applications. Its effectiveness, however, depends on several factors, including the nature of the contaminant, the presence of suitable microbial populations, and the specific environmental conditions.

Bioremediation companies play a pivotal role in this sphere, offering specialized services to assess, design, and implement bioremediation strategies. Their work is instrumental in harnessing the power of nature to mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment.

As our understanding of microbial ecology and environmental science continues to evolve, so too will our ability to harness the power of bioremediation. Its potential for restoring and preserving our environment makes it a crucial tool in our ongoing efforts to create a more sustainable and healthier world.

[rohittriton]

Bioremediation Technology and Services Market: Global Outlook

The rapid increase in the quantity of hazardous wastes and their cleanup is becoming a serious concern worldwide. The governments in both developed and developing countries are weighing the benefits and drawbacks of bioremediation applications. This is to address contamination issues in order to protect future generations from resource shortages.

The global bioremediation technology and services market was worth $122.7 billion in 2021 and is expected to reach $219.6 billion in 2028, growing at a CAGR of 7.15% over the forecast period 2022-2028.

The studied market accelerates its growth as governments worldwide continue to prioritize environmental preservation. For instance, the United States Army Corps of Engineers is implementing procedures and programs to treat explosives-contaminated groundwater using a bioremediation strategy. Additionally, the in situ bioremediation technique is being adopted due to its economic benefits and cost-effectiveness. However, the long duration of the bioremediation process and its dependence on environmental factors hamper the market growth.

A Dig into the Market: Key Insights

Bioremediation is a diverse treatment method that accelerates the biological cleanup process by naturally occurring microorganisms to convert hazardous compounds into less toxic or harmless substances.

Over the last few decades, new approaches and concepts for treating polluted soil have arisen. Due to economic benefits, adopting in situ bioremediation technology and services is expected to strengthen the studied market during the projected period. Natural attenuation, bio-sucking, composting, bio venting, and microbe-assisted phytoremediation are some of the most widely used in situ bioremediation technologies and services.

In situ bioremediation is the fastest growing type segment, with a CAGR of 9.10% during the forecast period. The growth is attributed to its increasing application in the bioremediation process.

Based on the global scenario, Asia-Pacific bioremediation technology and services market is anticipated to be the fastest-growing, surging at a CAGR of 9.24% during the forecast period. The region is rapidly adopting in situ technology to conserve biodiversity and promote the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. The growing awareness about the harmful impacts of these polluted sites and government regulatory compliances to prevent the environment have also boosted the market growth.

Since the technology is a sustainable pollution management approach, it requires much more research and development. Several government initiatives and investments are initiated for developing eco-friendly technologies to achieve sustainability goals. Some of these are listed below.

EiCLaR project in China and Europe emphasizes working to develop technical innovations for in situ bioremediation technologies to treat a range of environmental pollutants.

The NABIR program by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) focuses on research to get promising bioremediation technologies for cleaning DOE sites.

University of British Columbia’s research for microbial bioremediation and green chemistry received funding of $1.2 million through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

In India, initiatives like Environmental Biotechnology Program and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan focus on environmental improvement, including bioremediation of filthy water and other techniques.

Market Players Steer Growth with Innovation and Development

In the last decade, the bioremediation technology and services market has seen significant activity as companies such as Altogen Labs, Drylet Inc, Aquatech International etc., bring innovation and development opportunities. The players continue to emphasize on the development of cutting-edge bioremediation solutions that primarily assist in the stability, sequestration, recovery, and destruction of toxins.

During the forecast period, advancements in the studied market are expected to occur in two main areas:

Innovations aimed at improving the resolution to interpret the overlay of contaminants and hydrogeology

Digital innovations aimed at streamlining the data collection process across larger data pools.

Innovative contribution by Companies-

Regenesis Remediation Solution introduced ORC Advanced, a technology for stimulating aerobic bioremediation of contaminated groundwater. This is designed specifically for in situ treatment of petroleum-based hydrocarbon contaminations.

InSitu Remediation Services Ltd acquired ChemScan Inc to expand In Situ’s ability to serve process applications, including industrial and municipal wastewater and other drinking water process markets.

Gaia Klen LLC partnered with Mavu Bio to work for the bioremediation industry by introducing a top range of eco-friendly products.

Future Prospects: Oxygen Releasing Compounds to Gain Traction

The long duration of the bioremediation process is a challenge for the market and one of the ways to reduce the time is by applying an oxygen-releasing compound (ORC). One such patented ORC product is Calcium Peroxide (CPO), which promotes aerobic biodegradation in soil and groundwater for In Situ Bioremediation. Therefore, the application of oxygen release compounds in Aerobic Bioremediation is gaining traction and is expected to boost the bioremediation technology and services market during the forecast period.

FAQ

Q1) Which is the largest growing region in the studied market?

North America dominates the bioremediation technology and services market.

Q2) How is the studied market segmented based on technology?

The bioremediation technology and services market by technology includes Phytoremediation, Biostimulation, Bioaugmentation, Bioreactors, Fungal Remediation, and Land-based Treatments.

[fullninjatyphoon]

Die Marktforschungsstudie zu Mikrobielle Bioremediation Markt – Globale Branchenanalyse, Marktgröße, Chancen und Prognose, 2022 - 2030, bietet einen detaillierten Einblick in den globalen Mikrobielle Bioremediation Markt, der Einblicke in seine verschiedenen Marktsegmente beinhaltet. Marktdynamik mit Treibern, Beschränkungen und Chancen mit ihren Auswirkungen werden im Bericht bereitgestellt. Der Bericht bietet Einblicke in den globalen Mikrobielle Bioremediation-Markt, seine Art, Anwendung und wichtigsten geografischen Regionen. Der Bericht behandelt grundlegende Entwicklungsrichtlinien und Layouts von Technologieentwicklungsprozessen.

[tritonmarketresearch]

Bioremediation Technology and Services Market: Global Outlook

The rapid increase in the quantity of hazardous wastes and their cleanup is becoming a serious concern worldwide. The governments in both developed and developing countries are weighing the benefits and drawbacks of bioremediation applications. This is to address contamination issues in order to protect future generations from resource shortages.

The global bioremediation technology and services market was worth $122.7 billion in 2021 and is expected to reach $219.6 billion in 2028, growing at a CAGR of 7.15% over the forecast period 2022-2028.

The studied market accelerates its growth as governments worldwide continue to prioritize environmental preservation. For instance, the United States Army Corps of Engineers is implementing procedures and programs to treat explosives-contaminated groundwater using a bioremediation strategy. Additionally, the in situ bioremediation technique is being adopted due to its economic benefits and cost-effectiveness. However, the long duration of the bioremediation process and its dependence on environmental factors hamper the market growth.

A Dig into the Market: Key Insights

Bioremediation is a diverse treatment method that accelerates the biological cleanup process by naturally occurring microorganisms to convert hazardous compounds into less toxic or harmless substances.

Over the last few decades, new approaches and concepts for treating polluted soil have arisen. Due to economic benefits, adopting in situ bioremediation technology and services is expected to strengthen the studied market during the projected period. Natural attenuation, bio-sucking, composting, bio venting, and microbe-assisted phytoremediation are some of the most widely used in situ bioremediation technologies and services.

In situ bioremediation is the fastest growing type segment, with a CAGR of 9.10% during the forecast period. The growth is attributed to its increasing application in the bioremediation process.

Based on the global scenario, Asia-Pacific bioremediation technology and services market is anticipated to be the fastest-growing, surging at a CAGR of 9.24% during the forecast period. The region is rapidly adopting in situ technology to conserve biodiversity and promote the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. The growing awareness about the harmful impacts of these polluted sites and government regulatory compliances to prevent the environment have also boosted the market growth.

Since the technology is a sustainable pollution management approach, it requires much more research and development. Several government initiatives and investments are initiated for developing eco-friendly technologies to achieve sustainability goals. Some of these are listed below.

EiCLaR project in China and Europe emphasizes working to develop technical innovations for in situ bioremediation technologies to treat a range of environmental pollutants.

The NABIR program by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) focuses on research to get promising bioremediation technologies for cleaning DOE sites.

University of British Columbia’s research for microbial bioremediation and green chemistry received funding of $1.2 million through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

In India, initiatives like Environmental Biotechnology Program and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan focus on environmental improvement, including bioremediation of filthy water and other techniques.

Market Players Steer Growth with Innovation and Development

In the last decade, the bioremediation technology and services market has seen significant activity as companies such as Altogen Labs, Drylet Inc, Aquatech International etc., bring innovation and development opportunities. The players continue to emphasize on the development of cutting-edge bioremediation solutions that primarily assist in the stability, sequestration, recovery, and destruction of toxins.

During the forecast period, advancements in the studied market are expected to occur in two main areas:

Innovations aimed at improving the resolution to interpret the overlay of contaminants and hydrogeology

Digital innovations aimed at streamlining the data collection process across larger data pools.

Innovative contribution by Companies-

Regenesis Remediation Solution introduced ORC Advanced, a technology for stimulating aerobic bioremediation of contaminated groundwater. This is designed specifically for in situ treatment of petroleum-based hydrocarbon contaminations.

InSitu Remediation Services Ltd acquired ChemScan Inc to expand In Situ’s ability to serve process applications, including industrial and municipal wastewater and other drinking water process markets.

Gaia Klen LLC partnered with Mavu Bio to work for the bioremediation industry by introducing a top range of eco-friendly products.

Future Prospects: Oxygen Releasing Compounds to Gain Traction

The long duration of the bioremediation process is a challenge for the market and one of the ways to reduce the time is by applying an oxygen-releasing compound (ORC). One such patented ORC product is Calcium Peroxide (CPO), which promotes aerobic biodegradation in soil and groundwater for In Situ Bioremediation. Therefore, the application of oxygen release compounds in Aerobic Bioremediation is gaining traction and is expected to boost the bioremediation technology and services market during the forecast period.

[market-research-repoert]

This can help them identify opportunities and potential threats, so they can prepare for the present and future. MRI Research helps organizations to figure out whats happening in a given industry, including demand and supply statistics, degree of competition, state of competition with other emerging industries, future prospects considering technological changes, and external factors on the industry.

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Iris Publishers - World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science (WJASS)

Remediation Methods of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil

Authored by Ding Xuezhi,

Crude oil is a quick and easily accessible source of energy, making our life comfortable and raising the standards of living. It can be found naturally in many parts of the world, particularly in the USA, Russia, Romania, Iran, Mexico, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Libya, and Nigeria [1]. The petroleum industries generate billion tons of crude oil, natural gas and its derivatives every year. All of these are then undergone further processing for the production of refined products such as diesel, gasoline, petrol and lubricants [2]. It is recorded by international energy agency that demand of oil all over the world in 2015 was 97 million barrels/day which is expected to be 100 million barrels/day up to 2021 [3].

Crude oil is composed of volatile liquid hydrocarbons with varying molecular weight and structure. It contains more than 17,000 hydrocarbons and its classification are based on the most prevalent compound present in it. The three main hydrocarbons components present in crude oil are compiled in Table 1 [4-6].

Crude oil contamination is one of the major environmental problems effecting aquatic and terrestrial environments. At present, approximately 80% of lands are affected by petroleum origin products i.e., hydrocarbons and these products are used in oil and chemical industries as energy source [7]. Crude oil makes a covering on the surface of soil and causes the retention of carbon dioxide produced by soil organisms. It also decreases the soil porosity by sticking the soil particles together. The amount of loss depends on the amount and grade of oil spilled [1].

Many accidental spillages of crude oil have threatened the nature. The largest accident in the history of mankind that caused environmental disaster is “Gulf war oil spill” (1991). This accident caused the spill of millions of gallons of crude oil from destroyed oil wells into the water and surrounding land covering 49 square km of an area [8]. Similarly, “Keystone pipeline accident” (2017) is another disaster of oil spillage. This spill caused the spread of 210,000 gallons of oil on the grass as well as in the agricultural area at southeast of the small town of Amherst in northeast South Dakota [9].

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) present in crude oil, declared as primary environmental pollutant by the United States Environmental Protection Agency are mutagenic and carcinogenic [10]. A prolonged contact time of stable PAH with soil stimulate the phenomenon called soil aging, leading to the resistant of soil to any treatment [11]. Leakage of these contaminants from the soil to the ground water can pose risk to human health, vegetation and biological environment [7]. So, it is very important to clean the soil from these harmful substances to guard life from their deadly effects. Besides, by remediating oil contaminated sites more land can be available for residence as well as agricultural activities.

Numerous countries are developing their own strategies to cope with the soil contamination done by crude oil e.g., Lebanon, Kuwait and some other middle east countries have organized oil spill working groups by the aid of environment research organizations for assessment and future remediation of the affected areas [2]. Numerous methods for the removal of crude oil from the contaminated soil have been devised. A quick, nature friendly and cost-effective method is required for this purpose. This review focuses on the current developments of some generally accepted remediation techniques used to treat crude oil contaminated soil.

Chemical Methods

Chemical oxidation is an efficient method to remove dangerous wastes from the soil at the oil spilled sites. The efficiency of this method strongly depends on the soil matrix. Fenton’s reagent, a mixture of Hydrogen peroxide and Ferric ion, is used for chemical oxidation. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent that generates hydroxyl ions during Fenton’s reaction while ferric ion acts as catalyst. Hydroxyl ions are very powerful and effective agents that destroy the contaminants present in the soil [12,13] demonstrated that removal of oil from sand at lower pH by using Fenton’s reagent is much efficient than at natural pH or peat.

Another efficient oxidant that is used for the removal of crude oil from soil is ozone. It is easy to generate, store and handle for in situ treatment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are more reactive with ozone in comparison o alkanes. Reactivity of poly aromatic hydrocarbons depends on the number of rings, heteroatoms presence or absence and alkylation level. Ozone also support microbial community present in the soil as it generates oxygen on its degradation, so it can be helpful in bioremediation method to aid microbial growth [14]. Chemical method is a quick way to treat contaminated soil, but chemicals may pose a serious threat to the nearby soil and living beings due to leaching or side reactions.

Physical Methods

Excavation of crude oil contaminated soil is the quickest and safe way but not a sophisticated and cheap method. The contaminated soil is removed and transported to appropriate landfill for the disposal. The samples are collected from bottom and sidewalls of the excavated area to check if the site is clean or not [15-17].

Another physical method is the washing of contaminated soil. Washing with organic solvents such as ethanol- water mixture and ethyl acetate-acetone-water mixture exhibited significant removal of hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil [18-20]. Soil washing does not only treat the oil contaminated soil but also remove the heavy metals from the soil. The efficiency of washing can be enhanced by the addition of surfactants. Studies showed that both artificial and natural surfactants are helpful in the removal of crude oil. Different surfactants remove different fractions of crude oil e.g. artificial surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) removed aliphatic hydrocarbons while natural surfactants saponin and rhamnolipid removed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil [21]. This method no doubt is simple and efficient, however, it is very prolonged, time consuming and very costly. Transportation of contaminated soil to disposal site is another big problem. Surfactants might be dangerous due to their possibility of adhesion to soil particles.

Thermal Methods

In Thermal stripping/low temperature thermal desorption/soil roasting contaminated soil is heated to very low temperature (200- 1000 °F) to increase the vaporization and separation of low boiling point contaminants from the soil. By this process organic contaminants can be completely or partially decomposed depending upon the thermal stripping temperature and organic compounds present in the soil. [22]. This method can remove approximately 90% of the contaminants but it is very costly and not eco-friendly.

Another way to remove crude oil from the soil is incineration. The contaminated soil is burned by using fire at high temperature (1600-2500 °F) [1]. This method is also not environmentally friendly as volatile and flammable compounds present in crude oil will cause the environment pollution.

Biological Methods

Bioremediation is a traditional method that involves the use of living organisms (bacteria, fungi and plants) to degrade harmful substances present in the environment. Bioremediation of crude oil from the soil is very efficient, cheap and environmentally friendly solution. The effectiveness of this method is depended on hydrocarbon concentration, soil characteristics and composition of pollutants [8].

PAH are the most resistant and toxic group of soil pollutants present in the crude oil. PAH get trapped in the soil pores after they enter into the soil and retained by the soil matrix. So, their removal from the soil is very difficult [23]. Bioremediation is the most suitable method to remove PAH from the soil as microbes and plant roots can access these tiny pores easily.

Microbe assisted remediation

Soil is a diverse ecosystem as it inhabits various microbial populations. The composition of naturally residing microbes change with the composition and concentration of contaminants, so only resistant consortium of microbes survives and work actively in the cleaning of polluted soil [24]. Hydrocarbon degrading microbes are extensively present naturally in the contaminated soil and breakdown complex hydrocarbons into simple form by the use of their enzymatic systems.

Different bacterial genera chose different types of hydrocarbons for the degradation (Table 2) and they can also work in both aerobic and anaerobic condition. In anaerobic condition, bacteria present in the deepest parts of the sediments use nitrates, sulfates and iron as electron acceptor to degrade the hydrocarbons. Some of the species of anaerobic bacteria belonging to genus Desulfococcus, Thauera, Dechloromonas and Azoarcus exhibit hydrocarbon degradation ability [25-26].

While in aerobic condition, bacterial dioxygenase enzymes incorporate oxygen into carbon molecule through a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions to generate hydrocarbon with alcohol group. Alcohol groups are oxidized to aldehyde and then converted into carboxylic group by the action of other enzymes which in turn is degraded to acetyl co-A by beta oxidation [27].

The major bacterial genera that showed crude oil degrading capability are Alcaligenes, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Nocardia, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus, Achromobacter, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Aeromonas, Xanthomonas, Athrobacter, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, zospirillum [1, 2,8,27- 30].

Fungal mycelium is very helpful in the degradation of hydrocarbons because of their penetration ability, it also aids in the entrance of bacteria to the deep soil. Fungal laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase enzymes degrade the hydrocarbons by its oxidation [31]. Crude oil degradation has been shown by some members of the following fungal genera: Candida, Stropharia, Rhodotorula, Pleurotus, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Fusarium [8, 14, 32,27].

Microbial remediation of contaminated soil is affected by many factors such as water amount, temperature and pH of soil, concentration of oxygen, soil quality and amount of nutrients. Change in any of these factors can decrease the population of microbes and in turn decreases the bioremediation [33].

Microbial activity can be accelerated by using bioaugmentation and bio stimulation strategies. In bioaugmentation exogenous oil degrading bacteria are supplemented to enhance soil microbiota while in bio stimulation addition of nutrients, aeration and optimization of physical conditions like pH and temperature is performed. Research has shown that bioaugmentation and bio stimulation when used together effectively remediate crude oil hydrocarbons polluted soil. It has been observed that the number of exogenous bacteria decreases after sometimes because of nutrient unavailability or other abiotic factors (pH, temperature or oxygen). So, bio stimulation incorporation with bioaugmentation provided effective results in the degradation of crude oil pollutants (Figure 1) [1,23,30,34-36]. Different types of surfactants produced by many microorganisms are called biosurfactants. These biosurfactants enhance the bioavailability of hydrocarbons to the microbes and in turn increases its degradation. Use of biosurfactants producing microbes is a good bioremediation choice as this process is cheap, nontoxic with efficient degradation rate. So, researchers have turned their focus towards such microbes that can degrade crude oil and produces biosurfactants at the same time [37].

Phytoremediation

Phytoremediation is an effective, solar driven and low-cost strategy that uses plants for the removal of contaminants from the soil of large contaminated area. Plants have the ability to grow in polluted soil by metabolizing or accumulating the harmful compounds in their roots or shoots [45].

Plants with extended root systems, minimum water requirement, adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions and fast growth rate are appropriate for this purpose [46]. Phytoremediation efficiency depends on the plant species selection, environmental conditions and rhizobacteria [47].

Analysis of soil of the Possession Island after diesel leakage in 1997 showed that area with vegetation has 10% low concentration of hydrocarbons as compared to non-vegetation area [48].

Different mechanisms are devised by plants for the removal of contaminants i.e., phytoaccumulation (absorption of contaminants into the roots or shoots), phytodegradation (degradation of pollutants by utilization of plant enzymes such as laccase, oxygenase and nitroreductase), phytovolatization (release of volatile metabolites into the atmosphere) and phytostabilization (decrease the movement of contaminants) [11,49,50] reported that two plant species i.e., Eleusine indica and Cynodon dactylon significantly eliminated some low to medium molecular weight PAH from the soil by phytoextraction process, indicating their use in the removal of PAH.

Maize plants showed enhanced biodegradation in association with Cynanchum laeve. This symbiotic relationship between maize roots and Cynanchum laeve degraded 4-6 rings PAH more efficiently than any other treatment [11].

Vetiver grass, belongs to the Poaceae family, is a perennial grass. It decontaminates the soil by extraction of PAH and other toxins from the soil and accumulating it in the roots and shoots. This plant showed negative effect on its growth and other physical activities when grown on soil contaminated with diesel [51] Mirabilis jalapa, is also considered a good candidate for phytoremediation. [52] investigated that M. jalapa can remove 41-63% of saturated hydrocarbons within 127 days when compared with natural attenuation process (Figure 2).

Similarly, ryegrass, alfalfa, tall fescue, prairie grasses, meadow fescue, yellow medick, soybeans, Gazania, Mimosa pudica, Cyperus rotundus have shown good crude oil remediation [53-60].

With all the advantages, phytoremediation also has some drawbacks i.e., it is a time-consuming process, limited remediation in high pollutants concentration and limited area of success [47].

Rhizoremediation (Plant-microbe assisted remediation- recent technology)

Rhizoremediation requires such plants that can grow in oil contaminated soil and also provide favorable environment to contaminants degrading microbes by exudates secretion or aeration. Plant-microbe strategy not only increases the metabolic activity of rhizosphere microbes, but it also improves the soil physical and chemical properties and increases microbial access to the contaminants present in the soil [56].

PAH degrading bacterial strain Rhodococcus ruber Em1 showed enhanced degradation rate when combined with Orychophragmus violaceus during the period of 175 days in a controlled environment (mesocosms). The expressions of linA and RHD like genes, coding PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, increase 3-5 times in the mesocosoms [42]. Enhanced degradation of contaminants by maize plant was observed when maize plant was provided with indigenous microbial biomass inoculum [61].

Glycine max (Soybean) plant is among those plants that exhibit hydrocarbon remediating capability. Research showed that soybean remediation of crude oil was not because of the phytoaccumulation but it was a mutual action of G. max and rhizospheric microbes. It was observed that Glycine max growth in the contaminated soil effect the total number of bacteria, amount of water, pH and organic matter quantity [62].

A study conducted on wheat plant in hydroponics condition showed that wheat seedlings eliminate more than 20% of oil from the medium, but this remediating ability enhances to 29% when grown in association with Azospirillum [63].

Bioremediation of oil contaminated soil by using yellow alfalfa in combination with Acinetobacter sp. strain S- 33 improved the remediation efficiency 39% in comparison to alone alfalfa (34%) and Acinetobacter sp. S-33 (35%). Fractional Contaminants analysis showed that plant microbe association is the most efficient strategy in the cleanup of aromatic hydrocarbons from the soil [63].

Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) promote the tolerance and resistance of plants against contaminants present in the soil. Ryegrass when grown with PGPR showed increased degradation of hydrocarbons to 61.5% for 3 years when 13% TPH content was used. It was observed that low concentration enhanced the degradation and vice versa [3,64].

Crude oil after leakage gets trapped or physically bound with the soil particles; access to these micro spaces is made possible by plant roots. Roots of plants harbor microbes in the rhizosphere as well as on the surface. So, root generates a pathway for these microbes to have access to these contaminants. Once in the soil micropores, GPR increases the solubility of oil droplets by producing biosurfactants or by adhering to the surface of the oil droplets. Microbial surface membrane oxygenase’s than generate fatty acid analogues by adding oxygen atoms into PHC. In this way microbes keep on growing and degrading contaminants. Tentatively, microbes use 150mg of nitrogen and 30mg of potassium to degrade 1g of PHC [65]. Utilization of plants and microbes in collaboration is indeed a good strategy to recovery contaminated soil. It might be a long process, but it is safer and environment friendly. Further field experiments must be performed to develop good models.

Conclusion

Crude oil is a quick and easily accessible energy source found in most of the countries. Its leakage during extraction and transportation has posed danger to the environment because it contains mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds. Soil contamination due to crude oil leakage has adverse effects on human and vegetation growth so its removal is essential. Many methods have been developed to remove crude oil from the soil i.e., physical, chemical, thermal and biological. Many alterations and development have been introduced in Physio-chemical and thermal methods to enhance their efficiency and reduce their demerits. Still these methods have many drawbacks and less acceptable by the society. On the other hand, bioremediation methods are preferred because they are efficient, cheap and nature friendly. In the recent technology i.e., rhizoremediation, microbes and plants are combined together in synergistic relationship to efficiently remove the crude oil contaminants from the soil. Research has shown that rhizoremediation is more efficient than microbial and phytoremediation techniques separately.

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Spilltech Environmental Limited

https://www.spilltech.ie/

Spilltech offers a wide range of environmental solutions to private clients, insurance companies, and government agencies throughout Ireland. We offer specialist services and solutions to restore petroleum and contaminated soil. We are an Irish firm based in Co Monaghan. The firm specialises in the application of in-situ bioremediation technology to a range of hydrocarbons including diesel oil, petrol, and kerosene home heating oil. If you have had an oil spill, leak or water contamination we are the specialist company to report to. We can offer you the leading and the top services with minimal disruption and a fixed price quotation.

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