#R&D Data Strategy

[ambrosiaventures]

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[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive

By Dr. Sushama R. Chaphalkar, PhD.

In a recent research paper posted to the bioRxiv preprint* server, researchers in the United States investigated the potential effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on cholesterol metabolism, focusing on the role of the viral protein open reading frame 3a (ORF3a).

They found that SARS-CoV-2 causes cholesterol sequestration in lysosomes via the ORF3a protein, which disrupts protein trafficking and reduces the levels of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) in the cell, enhancing viral survival.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, disrupts lipid metabolism, particularly cholesterol homeostasis, which can persist during and after infection. This is linked to disease severity and long-term complications like dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Cholesterol is crucial for cellular function and is primarily transported through lysosomes, where proteins like Niemann-Pick C1 and C2 (NPC1 and NPC2) facilitate its release. SARS-CoV-2 may exploit plasma membrane cholesterol to enhance infectivity.

Disruptions in the lysosomal cholesterol pathway can cause cholesterol buildup, impairing cellular functions, and viruses like Ebola are known to hijack this mechanism. Notably, BMP plays a dual role: it aids in cholesterol transport and contributes to viral infection by promoting viral fusion with lysosomal membranes.

In the present study, researchers investigated the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cholesterol transport in cells, focusing on the role of the viral protein ORF3a.

About the Study A variety of experimental techniques were employed, including culturing A549, HeLa, and Vero E6 cells, followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection at different multiplicities of infection. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a-VPS39 interaction was studied using mutations at key residues (notably W193 and Y184, which were identified as critical for this interaction). Immunofluorescence, filipin staining, and confocal microscopy were used to assess cholesterol localization and vesicular dynamics, while high-content imaging quantified cell-specific responses.

Cholesterol levels were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and lipid species were analyzed through shotgun lipidomics. For further protein analysis, western blotting was performed to detect secreted NPC2 and cathepsin D, along with cell lysates. Data were analyzed using ImageJ and Prism 9, and statistical significance was determined by t-tests or analysis of variance.

Results and Discussion SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to increase filipin-positive puncta in lysosomes of A549-hACE2 and Vero E6 cells, indicating altered cholesterol distribution, especially in lysosomes, without affecting total cholesterol levels. Among the 28 viral proteins tested, ORF3a showed the strongest increase in filipin puncta, suggesting significant lysosomal cholesterol sequestration.

Notably, SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a localized to lysosomes and caused them to swell, whereas SARS-CoV ORF3a did not induce such effects, highlighting a distinct pathogenic strategy unique to SARS-CoV-2.

ORF3a was found to interact with VPS39, a key component of the HOPS complex involved in cholesterol egress from lysosomes. Key residues W193 and Y184 were shown to form a hydrophobic binding interface critical for this interaction, distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a from its SARS-CoV counterpart. Mutations at W193 and Y184 disrupted this interaction, while S171 and H182 had no significant effect.

SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a expression was shown to cause cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes, which was reduced by the W193A mutation. It also led to the mislocalization of NPC2 and increased its secretion, indicating disrupted NPC2 trafficking, likely due to interference with TGN-to-endosome transport. Additionally, BMP levels were significantly reduced in infected cells, which likely exacerbates lysosomal cholesterol sequestration.

In SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells, BMP levels were found to decrease at 12 hours post-infection, coinciding with increased cholesterol at 18 hours. In HeLa-Flp-In cells, SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a was found to reduce BMP levels by 20%, with partial rescue in the W193A mutant. Lipidomics confirmed this reduction, correlating BMP loss with cholesterol accumulation and suggesting BMP reduction may contribute to cholesterol sequestration.

SARS-CoV-2 may reduce plasma membrane cholesterol to limit secondary infections, as shown by decreased SARS-CoV-2 infection in NPC1 inhibitor-treated cells. This supports the hypothesis that the virus manipulates cholesterol distribution to optimize replication conditions. Interestingly, the virus also appears to reduce its own infectivity within a single cell, suggesting a self-regulating mechanism to prevent viral overload and ensure broader host-level spread.

Conclusion In conclusion, a novel mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 disrupts host cell lipid metabolism, specifically through cholesterol sequestration in lysosomes, has been elucidated. By uncovering the specific interaction between the viral protein ORF3a and host protein VPS39, the study highlights a critical role of lysosomal cholesterol trafficking disruption in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.

This discovery opens potential therapeutic avenues to target lipid dysregulation in COVID-19, which could help mitigate both the disease's immediate and long-term metabolic consequences, including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications.

Journal reference: Preliminary scientific report. Manipulation of Host Cholesterol by SARS-CoV-2. Aliza Doyle et al., bioRxiv, 2024.11.13.623299 (2024), DOI: 10.1101/2024.11.13.623299,

Study Link: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623299v1

[dreaminginthedeepsouth]

The New Yorker :: @NewYorker [An advance look at Barry Blitt’s “Left to Their Own Devices,” the cover for next week’s issue.]

* * * *

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

March 28, 2025

Heather Cox Richardson

Mar 29, 2025

“Another wipeout walloped Wall Street Friday,” Stan Choe of the Associated Press wrote today. The S&P 500 had one of its worst days in two years, dropping 2%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 715 points, losing 1.7% of its value. The Nasdaq Composite fell 2.7%. On Tuesday, news dropped that the administration’s blanket firings and wildly shifting tariff policies have dropped consumer confidence to a low it has not hit since January 2021. Today’s stock market tumble started after the Commerce Department released data showing that consumer prices are rising faster than economists expected.

AIG chief international economist James Knightley said: “We are moving in the wrong direction and the concern is that tariffs threaten higher prices, which means the inflation prints are going to remain hot.” Business leaders like lower interest rates, which reduce borrowing costs and make it cheaper to finance business initiatives, but with rising inflation, the Federal Reserve will be less likely to cut interest rates.

Makena Kelly of Wired reported today that billionaire Elon Musk’s “Department of Government Efficiency” (DOGE) is planning to move the computer system of the Social Security Administration (SSA) off the old programming language it uses, COBOL, to a new system. In 2017, the SSA estimated that such a migration would take about five years. DOGE is planning for the migration to take just a few months, using artificial intelligence to complete the change.

Experts have expressed concern. Dan Hon, who runs a technology strategy company that helps the government modernize its services, told Kelly: “If you weren’t worried about a whole bunch of people not getting benefits or getting the wrong benefits, or getting the wrong entitlements, or having to wait ages, then sure go ahead.” More than 65 million Americans currently receive Social Security benefits. Today Representative Don Beyer (D-VA) recorded himself calling the SSA and being told by a recording that the wait times were more than two hours and that he should call back. And then the system hung up on him.

Musk told the Fox News Channel today that he plans to step down from DOGE in May, apparently at the end of the 130-day cap for the “special government employee” designation that enables him to avoid financial disclosures. In February, White House staffers suggested Musk would stay despite the limit.

Today the State Department told Congress it is shutting down the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) altogether by July 1. Whatever agency functions the administration approves will move into the State Department. Founded by President John F. Kennedy and enjoying bipartisan support, USAID administers programs for global health, disaster relief, long-term economic development, education, environmental protection, and democracy. It is widely perceived to be a key element of U.S. “soft power.”

USAID was created by Congress, and its funds are appropriated by Congress. Congress and the courts have established that the executive branch—the branch of government overseen by the president—cannot kill an agency Congress has created and cannot withhold appropriations Congress has made. The authors of Project 2025 want to challenge that principle and consolidate government power in the hands of the president. It appears they have chosen USAID as the test case.

As Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. shatters science and health agencies, the nation’s top vaccine regulator, Dr. Peter Marks, submitted his resignation today after being given the choice to resign or be fired. Dan Diamond of the Washington Post noted that Marks has been at the Food and Drug Administration since 2012 and has been at the head of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research since 2016.

In his resignation letter, Diamond says, Marks expressed his deep concern over the ongoing measles outbreak in the Southwest—now more than 450 cases—and warned that the outbreak “reminds us of what happens when confidence in well-established science underlying public health and well-being is undermined.” Marks said that although he was willing to work with Kennedy on his plan to review vaccine safety, “it has become clear that truth and transparency are not desired by the Secretary, but rather he wishes subservient confirmation of his misinformation and lies.”

On Tuesday, news broke that Kennedy has tapped anti-vaccine activist David Geier to lead a study looking to link autism to vaccines, although that alleged link has been heavily studied and thoroughly debunked. Infectious disease journalist Helen Branswell notes that Geier does not have a medical degree and was disciplined in Maryland for practicing medicine without a license.

British investigative journalist Brian Deer, who has written about the hoax that vaccines cause autism, told Branswell: “If you want an independent source,… [you] wouldn’t go to somebody with no qualifications and a long track record of impropriety and incompetence.” But, he said, “[i]f you wanted to get in anybody off the street who would come up with the result that Kennedy would like to see, this would be your man.”

Tara Copp of the Associated Press reported today that Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth has done some targeted staffing, too. His younger brother Phil Hegseth is traveling to the Indo-Pacific with the secretary in his role at the Pentagon as a liaison and senior advisor to the Department of Homeland Security. Hegseth also employed his brother when he ran the nonprofit Concerned Veterans for America, where the younger Hegseth’s salary was $108,000 for his media work. Copp notes that a 1967 law “prohibits government officials from hiring, promoting or recommending relatives to any civilian position over which they exercise control.”

Hegseth and his colleagues are still in the hot seat for uploading the military’s attack plans against the Houthis in Yemen to Signal, an unsecure commercially available messaging app. Yesterday, Nancy A. Youssef, Alexander Ward, and Michael R. Gordon of the Wall Street Journal reported that National Security Advisor Mike Waltz identified a Houthi missile expert whose identity Israel had provided from a human source in Yemen, angering Israeli officials.

Americans, especially those with ties to the military, aren’t happy either. Military, the leading news website for service members, veterans, and their families, titled a story about the scandal “‘Different spanks for different ranks’: Hegseth’s Signal scandal would put regular troops in the brig.” Helene Cooper and Eric Schmitt of the New York Times reported that the story had “angered and bewildered” fighter pilots, who say “they can no longer be certain that the Pentagon is focused on their safety when they strap into cockpits.”

At a raucous town hall held today by Republican representative Victoria Spartz (R-IN), the crowd booed Spartz loudly when she said she would not call for the resignations of Waltz, Hegseth, and the rest of the people on the group chat.

All the mayhem created by the administration has created enough backlash that the White House appears concerned about upcoming special elections on April 1. One is for the seat in Florida’s District 6 that Waltz vacated when he became national security advisor. In 2024, Trump won that district by 30 points, and Republicans considered their candidate, state senator Randy Fine, whom Trump has strongly endorsed, to be such a shoo-in that he barely campaigned. His website features pictures of him with Trump but has only bullet points to explain his stand on issues.

Democrat Josh Weil, a middle-school math teacher who has outraised Fine by almost 10 to one, is polling within the margin of error for a victory in a contest where even a 10- to 15-point loss would show a dramatic collapse in Republican support. Weil has tied Fine to Musk’s unpopular DOGE and to the president, as well as to cuts to Social Security and Medicaid.

Trump is now personally campaigning for Fine and for the Republican candidate to fill the seat vacated by former representative Matt Gaetz in Florida District 1. There, Democratic candidate Gay Valimont is running against Republican Jimmy Patronis in a district that elected Trump with about 68% of the vote. Like Fine, Patronis is strongly backed by Trump and wants more cuts to the federal government; Gay is a former state leader for Moms Demand Action and focuses on healthcare and veterans’ services. She has criticized DOGE’s cuts to VA hospitals. Like Weil, she has significantly outraised her opponent.

Republicans are concerned enough about holding the seats that billionaire Elon Musk, who poured more than $291 million into the 2024 election to help Republicans, has begun to contribute to Republicans in Florida. On Tuesday he spent more than $10,000 apiece for texting services for the Florida candidates.

Musk has contributed far more than that—more than $20 million—to the April 1 election for a ten-year seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Trump loyalist Brad Schimel is running against circuit court judge Susan Crawford in a contest that has national significance. Wisconsin is evenly split between the parties, but when Republicans control the legislature and the supreme court, they suppress voting and heavily gerrymander the state in their favor. When liberals hold the majority on the court, they ease election rules and uphold fair maps. Currently, the state gerrymander gives Republicans 75% of the state’s seats in the U.S. House of Representatives although voting in 2024 was virtually dead even. The makeup of the court could well determine the congressional districts of Wisconsin through 2041, through the redistricting that will take place after the 2030 census.

Musk has told voters that if Crawford wins, “then the Democrats will attempt to redraw the districts and cause Wisconsin to lose two Republican seats.” Not only has Musk said he is going to Wisconsin to speak before the election, but also he is handing out checks to voters who sign a petition against “activist judges,” a suggestion that it would not be fair to unskew the Republican gerrymander. Last night, Musk advertised a contest that would award two voters a million dollars each, with the condition that the winners had to have already voted.

This morning, Wisconsin Democrats issued a press release noting that Musk had “committed a blatant felony,” directly violating the Wisconsin law that prohibits offering anyone anything worth more than $1 to get them to “vote or refrain from voting.” Wisconsin Democratic Party chair Ben Wikler said that if Schimel “does not immediately call on Musk to end this criminal activity, we can only assume he is complicit.”

Musk deleted the tweet and then, eliminating the language that said people had to have voted, posted that he would give the checks to spokespeople for his petition. Wisconsin Attorney General Josh Kaul sued to stop Musk “from any further promotion of the million-dollar gifts” and “from making any payments to Wisconsin electors to vote.” “The Wisconsin Department of Justice is committed to ensuring that elections in Wisconsin are safe, secure, free, and fair,” Kaul said in a statement. “We are aware of the offer recently posted by Elon Musk to award a million dollars to two people at an event in Wisconsin this weekend. Based on our understanding of applicable Wisconsin law, we intend to take legal action today to seek a court order to stop this from happening.”

MeidasTouch reposted Musk’s offer to “personally hand over two checks for a million dollars each in appreciation for you taking the time to vote” and noted: “No matter what side of the aisle you are on, you should be appalled that a billionaire thinks he has the right to buy elections like this.” Former chair of the Ohio Democratic Party David Pepper posted: “Have some pride, America. We are so much better than this guy thinks we are.”

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

[mariacallous]

When Microsoft named its new Windows feature Recall, the company intended the word to refer to a kind of perfect, AI-enabled memory for your device. Today, the other, unintended definition of “recall”—a company's admission that a product is too dangerous or defective to be left on the market in its current form—seems more appropriate.

On Friday, Microsoft announced that it would be making multiple dramatic changes to its rollout of its Recall feature, making it an opt-in feature in the Copilot+ compatible versions of Windows where it had previously been turned on by default, and introducing new security measures designed to better keep data encrypted and require authentication to access Recall's stored data.

“We are updating the set-up experience of Copilot+ PCs to give people a clearer choice to opt-in to saving snapshots using Recall,” reads a blog post from Pavan Davuluri, Microsoft's corporate vice president for Windows and devices. “If you don’t proactively choose to turn it on, it will be off by default.”

The changes come amid a mounting barrage of criticism from the security and privacy community, which has described Recall—which silently stores a screenshot of the user's activity every five seconds as fodder for AI analysis—as a gift to hackers: essentially unrequested, preinstalled spyware built into new Windows computers.

In the preview versions of Recall, that screenshot data, complete with the user's every bank login, password, and porn site visit would have been indefinitely collected on the user's machine by default. And though that highly sensitive data is stored locally on the user's machine and not uploaded to the cloud, cybersecurity experts have warned that it all remains accessible to any hacker who so much as gains a temporary foothold on a user's Recall-enabled device, giving them a long-term panopticon view of the victim's digital life.

"It makes your security very fragile,” as Dave Aitel, a former NSA hacker and founder of security firm Immunity, described it—more charitably than some others—to WIRED earlier this week. “Anyone who penetrates your computer for even a second can get your whole history. Which is not something people want.”

In addition to making Recall an opt-in feature, Microsoft’s Davuluri also writes that the company will make changes to better safeguard the data Recall collects and more closely police who can turn it on, requiring that users prove their identity via its Microsoft Hello authentication function any time they either enable Recall or access its data, which can require a PIN or biometric check of the user’s face or thumbprint. Davuluri says Recall’s data will remain encrypted in storage until the user authenticates.

All of that is a “great improvement,” says Jake Williams, another former NSA hacker who now serves as VP of R&D at the cybersecurity consultancy Hunter Strategy, where he says he's been asked by some of the firm's clients to test Recall's security before they add Microsoft devices that use it to their networks. But Williams still sees serious risks in Recall, even in its latest form.

Many users will turn on Recall, he points out, partly due to Microsoft’s high-profile marketing of the feature. And when they do, they’ll still face plenty of unresolved privacy problems, from domestic abusers that often demand partners give up their PINs to subpoenas or lawsuits that compel them to turn over their historical data. “Satya Nadella has been out there talking about how this is a game changer and the solution to all problems,” Williams says, referring to Microsoft's CEO. “If customers turn it on, there’s still a huge threat of legal discovery. I can’t imagine a corporate legal team that’s ready to accept the risk of all of a user’s actions being turned over in discovery.”

For Microsoft, the Recall rollback comes in the midst of an embarrassing string of cybersecurity incidents and breaches—including a leak of terabytes of its customers' data and a shocking penetration of government email accounts enabled by a cascading series of Microsoft security slipups—that have grown so problematic as to become a sticking point given its uniquely close relationship with the US government.

Those scandals have escalated to the degree that Microsoft's Nadella issued a memo just last month declaring that Microsoft would make security its first priority in any business decision. “If you’re faced with the trade-off between security and another priority, your answer is clear: Do security,” Nadella's memo read (emphasis his). “In some cases, this will mean prioritizing security above other things we do, such as releasing new features or providing ongoing support for legacy systems.”

By all appearances, Microsoft's rollout of Recall—even after today's announcement—displays the opposite approach, and one that seems more in line with business as usual in Redmond: Announce a feature, get pummeled for its glaring security failures, then belatedly scramble to control the damage.

[ranahan]

Also! What do you think is the rules around epenthetic vowels in mando'a? We have a bit different epenthetic vowels showing up between kom(o)r(o)k, kar(o)ta, but aay(e)han, dush(i)shya...

I think the basic rule of epenthetic sounds is to make words conform to Mando’a syllable structure and phonotactics. It seems to me that Mando’a more often elides sounds if e.g. joining two morphemes would result in a prohibited consonant cluster. That’s the more common strategy. Sometimes (more rarely) though there are extra sounds that (imo) are easiest to explain as epenthetic sounds—i.e. they’re there because of phonetics, not because they carry meaning.

Mando’a phonotactics

As far as I can tell, Mando’a has pretty easy phonotactics. The syllable structure is (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C) and the allowed consonant clusters are:

Onset:

Pr, where P = voiceless or voiced stop /p b t d k g/: pr, br, tr, dr, kr, gr

SPR, where S = /s/, P = voiceless stop /p t k/, R = /r l/: sp, st, sk, str, skr, sl, kl

That is, it’s the Indo-European SPR (sibilant + stop + /r l/) type, but the allowed set is a bit smaller than in e.g. English.

n.b.

I interpret ⟨ts⟩ as an affricate /t͜s/, i.e. it’s a phoneme not a cluster. That way I don’t have to explain why ks, ps, etc. aren’t allowed.

ty, cy, shy, ny, ky which I interpret as palatalisations tʲ, sʲ (=ʃ), ʃʲ (=ɕ), nʲ, kʲ

dh, mh, gh which I interpret as palatalisations /dʲ mʲ ɡʲ/, possibly realised as [dʰ mʰ ɡʰ] or [d m g].

Palatalisations are discussed previously here.

Coda:

st

rd, rʃ

ht, hn

I’m not really counting kom’rk and shebs, as they are anomalous in several ways. Shebs seems to be actually a loan from chebs; in-universe the extra -s could be explained as influence from Basic, so that sheb is the dictionary form and shebs is a dialectal/slang form. Kom’rk is given an unproblematic pronunciation

Clusters in the coda aren’t terribly common overall, and the ht, hn only appear in one word each (gaht + ka’gaht which appears to be a compound of gaht & ehn). Note that the coda clusters are kind of a reduced set of the mirror images of the onsets, which is expected.

Across the syllable border, most combinations are allowed as long as at least one of them is some kind of a continuant. Stop-stop combinations are uncommon.

There are few restrictions on single consonants, but

vh seems to appear only syllable-initially, same with the semivowels w and j; j seems to get realised as [i] in that position (I analyse y between two vowels [j] as the onset of the next syllable)

ng only appears syllable-finally

The planet Ceravh is a possible exception, which could be Mando’a or a (nativized) loanword, as we’ve discussed previously.

Diphthongs are ay (also spelled ai), ey, iy, uy, oy, and au. Other vowel-vowel combinations are allowed, but belong to different syllables. I’m very tempted to spell au as aw in this context, since Traviss notes that there’s an “almost v” sound in e.g. ba’vodu’e. So in the Vy type diphthongs, the y is [i] before consonants or word-finally and [j] before vowels, which is a very common behaviour. The corresponding behaviour would be for e.g. au to be [au] before consonants and word-finally and [aw] (or maybe [aʋ]) before vowels, which would also be a very common behaviour. So I’m tempted to interpret e.g. nau’ur as [na.ʋʊɾ] rather than [naʊ̯.ʔʊɾ]. But perhaps both realisations exist in different dialects.

Other interpretations are possible. This is what I consider overall the simplest and with least exceptions.

Edit: This was my draft on phonotactics I wrote a while back, seeing it again now I might make some edits.

Epenthetic sounds

So back to the question. The data is what it is, so I’m making egregious generalisations from way too little data as always. Like we’ve discussed previously, this is the nature of trying to infer rules from a corpus of ~1k words. In some cases there are two (or more) equally plausible explanations, so it can be hard to say whether a sound is epenthetic or some affix or maybe a part of a longer word that’s gotten whittled down to fit in a compound. With the data we have, it’s impossible to say whether it’s synchronic epenthesis or diachronic sound loss (and maybe an archaic pronunciation that still hangs around in some dialects); it could be either.

komorok and karota—I think these might be easier to explain the other way around, i.e. they have lost sounds. Imo that mrk cluster in kom’rk is really odd compared to the rest of Mando’a; rk I might excuse by comparing it with rd. But mrk? That bad boy needs at least one extra vowel. Karota > kar’ta is not the only word that (imo) seems to have shortened or lost a syllable in that position. It was probably an unstressed one. Nvm, Traviss gives the pronunciation as “kah-ROH-ta,” which is very weird: why drop the stressed syllable. Why. Kar’ta isn’t even problematic phonotactics wise. Or it could be an epenthesis.

dushishya—I don’t know why Traviss didn’t make this dushya; it’s right there. Mando’a elides identical sounds left and right and even chaaj+shya is chaa’shya. I’ve chosen to elide the final consonant in words ending in a sibilant before -shya instead, but if you want to keep both sh’s, then the epenthetic vowel is there so it’s possible to pronounce them as separate sounds instead of smushing them together.

aayihan—I like to think aay is the same *ay- as in e.g. uj’ayl. It might mean something like ‘sweet.’ I don’t know why it’s gotten a long vowel, but if I were to reconstruct a history for this word, I’d say aay’han used to be a longer compound or perhaps a phrase that’s gotten shortened over time. I think ‘han is a contracted form of haran; it wouldn’t be hard to imagine aay might’ve originally been a longer word too. But yeah, the extra vowel is there because you have that voiced /j/ and voiceless /h/, try to make them a cluster and it doesn’t really work. And there are two syllables because the aa is a long sound: seems to me the nucleus can be a short vowel, long vowel, or a diphthong—additional vowels belong to separate syllables. So aay’han would be aa-y-han. I guess it could be pronounced as aa-i-han as well, but if you want to realise that y as [j], then it needs a vowel because /j/ is not allowed as a coda.

The epenthetic vowel is in dushishya and aayihan likely because sh and y are palatal sounds. I doubt there are rules as such to what the epenthetic vowel should be, they’re probably entirely dependent on the surrounding phonemes—pick whatever is easiest to say depending on the other sounds in the word.

buurenaar—I found it easiest to reconstruct the verb ‘to storm’ as *buurenir, and then the noun buurenaar just has a swapped suffix. But it could also be *bur + nar or *burunar plus sound symbolism which turns the vowels long like wind.

ast’ehut—e could be the -ness prefix (ast-ehut) or an epenthetic vowel.

Coruscant > Coruscanta. Mando’a doesn’t do -nt codas, so this is an easy explanation: epenthetic vowel to keep the original sounds and make them conform to Mando’a phonotactics. You could argue that entye is ent-ye and has -nt coda; I however think it’s en-tye and the ty represents a palatalised consonant tʲ.

In the case of the -ii suffix, I think we could say it inserts an epenthetic vowel if the suffix appears after a vowel in the stem, and in both cases (aru’e > aruetii, kando > kandosii) that vowel is alveolar, probably because the high front vowel /i/ in the suffix so it’s easiest to insert some front-ish consonant as well. Which alveolar consonant? Probably just “feels”—whatever is easiest to say.

The variation in conjunctions and prefixes depending on the following word (e.g. a/al, sha/shal, ge/get, etc) is possibly a related phenomenon. But again, impossible to say because we don’t know where these words developed from.

These are what comes to mind, if there are more words that appear to have something extra, feel free to add them below and I can take a stab at them.

tl;dr: Epenthetic sounds are inserted to make pronunciation easier; what counts as “easier” is defined by the phonotactics of the particular language. Describing epenthesis as only “correcting phonotactics to what’s allowed” is probably bad or at least incomplete description of the process, so while e.g. kar’ta is not problematic, karota might still be an epenthesis.

This is also applicable to the loanword discussion, btw—loanwords can be subject to native phonotactic restrictions as well. I’ll get back to that later!

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 13, 2024

The self and the Bayesian brain: Testing probabilistic models of body ownership through a self-localization task. Bertoni, T., Mastria, G., Akulenko, N., Perrin, H., Zbinden, B., Bassolino, M., & Serino, A. (2023). Cortex, 167, 247–272.

A whole-task brain model of associative recognition that accounts for human behavior and neuroimaging data. Borst, J. P., Aubin, S., & Stewart, T. C. (2023). PLOS Computational Biology, 19(9), e1011427.

Inhibitory tagging in the superior colliculus during visual search. Conroy, C., Nanjappa, R., & McPeek, R. M. (2023). Journal of Neurophysiology, 130(4), 824–837.

Hippocampal representation during collective spatial behaviour in bats. Forli, A., & Yartsev, M. M. (2023). Nature, 621(7980), 796–803.

Emergence of belief-like representations through reinforcement learning. Hennig, J. A., Romero Pinto, S. A., Yamaguchi, T., Linderman, S. W., Uchida, N., & Gershman, S. J. (2023). PLOS Computational Biology, 19(9), e1011067.

Error-independent effect of sensory uncertainty on motor learning when both feedforward and feedback control processes are engaged. Hewitson, C. L., Kaplan, D. M., & Crossley, M. J. (2023). PLOS Computational Biology, 19(9), e1010526.

Multiple memory systems for efficient temporal order memory. Jafarpour, A., Lin, J. J., Knight, R. T., & Buffalo, E. A. (2023). Hippocampus, 33(10), 1154–1157.

How awareness of each other’s mental load affects dialogue. Knutsen, D., & Brunellière, A. (2023). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 49(10), 1662–1682.

Developmental trajectory of time perception from childhood to adolescence. Li, Y., Gu, J., Zhao, K., & Fu, X. (2023). Current Psychology, 42(28), 24112–24122.

A multi-layer mean-field model of the cerebellum embedding microstructure and population-specific dynamics. Lorenzi, R. M., Geminiani, A., Zerlaut, Y., De Grazia, M., Destexhe, A., Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A. M., … D’Angelo, E. (2023). PLOS Computational Biology, 19(9), e1011434.

The inhibitory control of traveling waves in cortical networks. Palkar, G., Wu, J., & Ermentrout, B. (2023). PLOS Computational Biology, 19(9), e1010697.

Inferring local structure from pairwise correlations. Rahman, M., & Nemenman, I. (2023). Physical Review E, 108(3), 034410.

Beyond ℓ1 sparse coding in V1. Rentzeperis, I., Calatroni, L., Perrinet, L. U., & Prandi, D. (2023). PLOS Computational Biology, 19(9), e1011459.

Linguistic law-like compression strategies emerge to maximize coding efficiency in marmoset vocal communication. Risueno-Segovia, C., Dohmen, D., Gultekin, Y. B., Pomberger, T., & Hage, S. R. (2023). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 290(2007).

Mnemonic discrimination deficits in multidimensional schizotypy. Sahakyan, L., Wahlheim, C. N., & Kwapil, T. R. (2023). Hippocampus, 33(10), 1139–1153.

An imbalance of excitation and inhibition in the multisensory cortex impairs the temporal acuity of audiovisual processing and perception. Schormans, A. L., & Allman, B. L. (2023). Cerebral Cortex, 33(18), 9937–9953.

Spike-timing dependent plasticity partially compensates for neural delays in a multi-layered network of motion-sensitive neurons. Sexton, C. M., Burkitt, A. N., & Hogendoorn, H. (2023). PLOS Computational Biology, 19(9), e1011457.

Development of human hippocampal subfield microstructure and relation to associative inference. Vinci-Booher, S., Schlichting, M. L., Preston, A. R., & Pestilli, F. (2023). Cerebral Cortex, 33(18), 10207–10220.

Task-dependent optimal representations for cerebellar learning. Xie, M., Muscinelli, S. P., Decker Harris, K., & Litwin-Kumar, A. (2023). eLife, 12, e82914.

Dissecting the chain of information processing and its interplay with neurochemicals and fluid intelligence across development. Zacharopoulos, G., Sella, F., Emir, U., & Cohen Kadosh, R. (2023). eLife, 12, e84086.

[emptydeceiverpraetorian]

Unleashing Innovation: How Intel is Shaping the Future of Technology

Introduction

In the fast-paced world of technology, few companies have managed to stay at the forefront of innovation as consistently as Intel. With a history spanning over five decades, Intel has transformed from a small semiconductor manufacturer into a global powerhouse that plays a pivotal role in shaping how we interact with technology today. From personal computing to artificial intelligence (AI) and beyond, Intel's innovations have not only defined industries but have also created new markets altogether.

In this comprehensive article, we'll delve deep into how Intel is unleashing innovation and shaping the future of technology across various domains. We’ll explore its history, key products, groundbreaking research initiatives, sustainability efforts, and much more. Buckle up as we take you on a journey through Intel’s dynamic Extra resources landscape.

Unleashing Innovation: How Intel is Shaping the Future of Technology

Intel's commitment to innovation is foundational to its mission. The company invests billions annually in research and development (R&D), ensuring that it remains ahead of market trends and consumer demands. This relentless pursuit of excellence manifests in several key areas:

The Evolution of Microprocessors A Brief History of Intel's Microprocessors

Intel's journey began with its first microprocessor, the 4004, launched in 1971. Since then, microprocessor technology has evolved dramatically. Each generation brought enhancements in processing power and energy efficiency that changed the way consumers use technology.

The Impact on Personal Computing

Microprocessors are at the heart of every personal computer (PC). They dictate performance capabilities that directly influence user experience. By continually optimizing their designs, Intel has played a crucial role in making PCs faster and more powerful.

Revolutionizing Data Centers High-Performance Computing Solutions

Data centers are essential for businesses to store and process massive amounts of information. Intel's high-performance computing solutions are designed to handle complex workloads efficiently. Their Xeon processors are specifically optimized for data center applications.

Cloud Computing and Virtualization

As cloud services become increasingly popular, Intel has developed technologies that support virtualization and cloud infrastructure. This innovation allows businesses to scale operations rapidly without compromising performance.

Artificial Intelligence: A New Frontier Intel’s AI Strategy

AI represents one of the most significant technological advancements today. Intel recognizes this potential and has positioned itself as a leader in AI hardware and software solutions. Their acquisitions have strengthened their AI portfolio significantly.

AI-Powered Devices

From smart assistants to autonomous vehicles, AI is embedded in countless devices today thanks to advancements by companies like Intel. These innovations enhance user experience by providing personalized services based on data analysis.

Internet of Things (IoT): Connecting Everything The Role of IoT in Smart Cities

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Unlocking the Future: How Intel is Shaping Tomorrow's Technology Landscape

Introduction

In a world that is increasingly defined by technological advancements, few companies have had as profound an impact as Intel. Founded in 1968, Intel Corporation has been at the forefront of semiconductor innovation, shaping not just computing but various facets of modern life. From personal computers to cloud computing and artificial intelligence, Intel’s influence permeates every layer of technology today. The question is—how does Intel continue to unlock the future? In this article, we will explore how Intel is shaping tomorrow's technology landscape through innovation, research, sustainability efforts, and strategic partnerships.

Unlocking the Future: How Intel is Shaping Tomorrow's Technology Landscape

At its core, unlocking the future involves leveraging cutting-edge technologies to solve current challenges while also anticipating future demands. For Intel, this means investing heavily in research and development (R&D) to remain competitive in the rapidly evolving tech arena. With products that range from microprocessors to advanced AI systems, Intel stands as a pillar of innovation.

The Evolution of Semiconductor Technology A Brief History of Semiconductor Development

To truly grasp how Intel shapes technology today, it's important to understand the evolution of semiconductors. Initially Learn more here developed in the 1950s and '60s, semiconductors revolutionized electronics by allowing devices to become smaller and more efficient. Intel’s introduction of the first microprocessor in 1971 marked a significant turning point in computing history.

Current Trends in Semiconductor Technology

Today, semiconductor technology continues to evolve at an astonishing pace. Innovations such as 3D chip designs and quantum computing are on the horizon. Companies like Intel are not just keeping up—they are leading these trends through relentless R&D.

Intel's Role in Artificial Intelligence Pioneering AI Technologies

Artificial intelligence represents one of the most promising frontiers for technological advancement today. Intel has made significant strides in developing AI technologies that enhance machine learning capabilities across various sectors—from healthcare to finance.

Real-World Applications of AI Solutions

AI solutions offered by Intel can be seen in applications ranging from predictive analytics in healthcare to autonomous vehicles. These advancements not only improve efficiency but also pave the way for new business models.

Cloud Computing: The New Frontier Intel's Cloud Strategy

As businesses migrate to cloud-based solutions, Intel plays a crucial role by providing powerful processors designed specifically for cloud environments. Their Xeon processors enable data centers to run efficiently and scale dramatically.

Benefits for Businesses Adopting Cloud Solutions

Companies adopting cloud solutions with Intel technologies benefit from improved security features and reduced operational costs. This shift allows businesses to focus on innovation rather than infrastructure management.

Sustainability Initiatives at Intel Commitment to Green Technology

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John C. May: Steering John Deere into a Future of Smart Industrial Leadership

In the world of smart manufacturing and industrial innovation, few names resonate with the same weight as John C. May, Chairman and CEO of John Deere. With nearly three decades of experience in one of the most iconic American companies, May exemplifies a rare combination of visionary leadership, operational excellence, and a relentless commitment to digital transformation.

John Deere’s reputation as a global leader in agricultural and construction machinery is well known. But under the stewardship of John C. May, the brand has been infused with fresh energy, transitioning from a traditional equipment manufacturer into a dynamic technology enterprise rooted in smart industrial solutions. For CEOs, startup founders, and MNC managers looking to understand the future of the industrial sector, May’s journey offers profound lessons in business strategy, resilience, and innovation.

Early Days and Rise Through the Ranks

John C. May joined Deere & Company in 1997. With a background in finance and systems operations, he brought an analytical rigor that quickly earned him key leadership positions. Over the years, May held multiple roles across different segments of the company, from managing global platforms in Asia and Latin America to spearheading the integration of digital solutions into core machinery.

By the time he was named CEO in 2019, May had already left a considerable mark on the company’s modernization roadmap. He was instrumental in building John Deere’s precision agriculture ecosystem, which has since become a defining feature of the company’s product offerings and value proposition.

Visionary Leadership in the Digital Age

[Source - Forbes]

May’s leadership philosophy is rooted in a simple yet powerful premise: if John Deere is to remain relevant, it must lead, not follow, in the era of smart manufacturing. One of his first initiatives as CEO was to scale the company’s digital backbone, integrating artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and telematics into everyday operations.

He championed the idea that John Deere equipment should no longer be seen as just hardware, but as smart machines embedded within a larger data ecosystem. This repositioning has transformed how the company develops, markets, and supports its equipment worldwide.

Navigating Crisis with Strategic Clarity

Every great business leader is tested by adversity, and May’s tenure coincided with unprecedented global disruptions. From the COVID-19 pandemic to supply chain bottlenecks and geopolitical tensions, May has had to navigate rough waters. Yet, his strategic clarity and calm demeanor allowed John Deere not only to survive but thrive.

During the height of the pandemic, John Deere accelerated its remote diagnostics services, contactless equipment delivery, and virtual training systems. Under May’s direction, the company kept its factories running while prioritizing employee safety, resulting in minimal operational downtime and sustained revenue performance.

Building a Culture of Innovation

While many leaders talk about innovation, John C. May institutionalized it. He restructured internal teams to align around digital-first priorities and pushed for faster go-to-market cycles. He championed cross-functional collaboration, ensuring that R&D, engineering, and business development worked as a unified force.

Under May’s guidance, John Deere has significantly expanded its investment in emerging technologies. From acquiring cutting-edge AI firms like Blue River Technology to partnering with robotics startups, the company is actively shaping the next frontier of industrial equipment.

Emphasis on Customer-Centricity

[Source - Deere & Company - John Deere]

A core component of May’s success has been his emphasis on putting the customer at the center of every decision. Recognizing that farmers, contractors, and forestry operators are under increasing pressure to produce more with fewer resources, May ensured that John Deere’s innovations address real-world pain points.

With digital platforms like the John Deere Operations Center, customers can now visualize their entire fleet, monitor crop performance, and receive data-driven insights to boost productivity. These tools go beyond utility; they form the core of a new kind of customer relationship built on intelligence and empowerment.

Commitment to Sustainability

In an era where ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics matter more than ever, John C. May has positioned John Deere as a responsible and forward-looking enterprise. The company has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving fuel efficiency, and supporting sustainable land use practices.

Deere’s electric and hybrid equipment initiatives, coupled with its support for regenerative agriculture, underscore a broader shift toward sustainable smart manufacturing. May has repeatedly stated that profitability and environmental responsibility are not mutually exclusive; they are deeply interconnected.

Strategic Global Expansion

May’s global outlook has also played a crucial role in John Deere’s success story. By strengthening the company’s footprint in emerging markets and adapting products for local needs, Deere has grown its international revenue base.

From Asia-Pacific to Latin America, the company’s smart manufacturing equipment is now used across a wide range of environmental and economic contexts. This globalization is both a growth strategy and a diversification buffer, allowing John Deere to hedge against regional slowdowns while capturing new demand.

Talent Development and Inclusive Leadership

A key part of May’s legacy is his belief in nurturing talent. He has invested in leadership development, diversity and inclusion, and STEM education pipelines. Under his leadership, John Deere has improved employee engagement scores and earned recognition as a top employer in the smart manufacturing sector.

This focus on people is central to enabling smart manufacturing at scale. As automation and AI redefine industrial roles, May’s emphasis on workforce retraining ensures that the human side of the equation is not neglected.

Financial Performance and Market Trust

Under May’s leadership, John Deere has delivered robust financial performance. The company’s revenue crossed $60 billion in 2023, with consistent year-over-year growth driven by strong demand for its smart manufacturing equipment solutions. 

At a time when industrial firms face margin compression and capital volatility, May’s approach to operational efficiency and tech-driven differentiation offers a compelling blueprint for sustainable growth.

Looking Ahead: The Future of Smart Manufacturing Industry

[Source - RCR Wireless News]

John C. May is not just managing John Deere, he’s actively reshaping the future of the industrial sector. As technologies like IoT, machine learning, and blockchain converge, May is preparing John Deere to lead in the next wave of industrial innovation.

The company’s investment in autonomy, connectivity, and real-time analytics reflects a deep commitment to staying ahead of the curve. With pilot projects in smart factories, cloud-integrated supply chains, and next-gen data platforms, John Deere is fast becoming a benchmark for industrial transformation.

This next chapter will undoubtedly be anchored in smart manufacturing, a concept that has become synonymous with John C. May’s leadership philosophy.

Conclusion

John C. May’s rise to the helm of John Deere is not just a success story, it is a blueprint for 21st-century leadership. His ability to blend tradition with transformation, strategy with empathy, and innovation with operational excellence sets him apart as one of the most influential business leaders of our time.

For startup founders, CEOs, and corporate leaders seeking inspiration, May’s journey offers a masterclass in aligning purpose with performance. Through his visionary embrace of smart manufacturing, John C. May has not only secured John Deere’s future, but he has elevated the entire industrial landscape.

Uncover the latest trends and insights with our articles on Visionary Vogues

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Unlocking the Future: How Intel is Shaping Tomorrow's Technology Landscape

Introduction

In a world that is increasingly defined by technological advancements, few companies have had as profound an impact as Intel. Founded in 1968, Intel Corporation has been at the forefront of semiconductor innovation, shaping not just computing but various facets of modern life. From personal computers to cloud computing and artificial intelligence, Intel’s influence permeates every layer of technology today. The question is—how does Intel continue to unlock the future? In this article, we will explore how Intel is shaping tomorrow's technology landscape through innovation, research, sustainability efforts, and strategic partnerships.

Unlocking the Future: How Intel is Shaping Tomorrow's Technology Landscape

At its core, unlocking the future involves leveraging cutting-edge technologies to solve current challenges while also anticipating future demands. For Intel, this means investing heavily in research and development (R&D) to remain competitive in the rapidly evolving tech arena. With products that range from microprocessors to advanced AI systems, Intel stands as a pillar of innovation.

The Evolution of Semiconductor Technology A Brief History of Semiconductor Development

To truly grasp how Intel shapes technology today, it's important to understand the evolution of semiconductors. Initially developed in the 1950s and '60s, semiconductors revolutionized electronics by allowing devices to become smaller Hop over to this website and more efficient. Intel’s introduction of the first microprocessor in 1971 marked a significant turning point in computing history.

Current Trends in Semiconductor Technology

Today, semiconductor technology continues to evolve at an astonishing pace. Innovations such as 3D chip designs and quantum computing are on the horizon. Companies like Intel are not just keeping up—they are leading these trends through relentless R&D.

Intel's Role in Artificial Intelligence Pioneering AI Technologies

Artificial intelligence represents one of the most promising frontiers for technological advancement today. Intel has made significant strides in developing AI technologies that enhance machine learning capabilities across various sectors—from healthcare to finance.

Real-World Applications of AI Solutions

AI solutions offered by Intel can be seen in applications ranging from predictive analytics in healthcare to autonomous vehicles. These advancements not only improve efficiency but also pave the way for new business models.

Cloud Computing: The New Frontier Intel's Cloud Strategy

As businesses migrate to cloud-based solutions, Intel plays a crucial role by providing powerful processors designed specifically for cloud environments. Their Xeon processors enable data centers to run efficiently and scale dramatically.

Benefits for Businesses Adopting Cloud Solutions

Companies adopting cloud solutions with Intel technologies benefit from improved security features and reduced operational costs. This shift allows businesses to focus on innovation rather than infrastructure management.

Sustainability Initiatives at Intel Commitment to Green Technology

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How Pharmaceutical Consulting Can Help Launch Your New Product Successfully

At Ambrosia Ventures, we ensure your product launch achieves maximum impact by utilizing our expertise in biopharma consulting, which makes us a trusted pharmaceutical consulting service provider in the US. Here's the way to transform your product launch strategy into a blueprint for success through pharmaceutical consulting services: 

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Thailand Board of Investment

1. Institutional Framework and Historical Context

1.1 Legal Foundations

Established under the Investment Promotion Act B.E. 2520 (1977)

Amended by Act No. 4 B.E. 2560 (2017) to accommodate Industry 4.0

Operates under the Office of the Prime Minister with quasi-ministerial authority

1.2 Governance Structure

BOI Board: Chaired by the Prime Minister

Investment Committee: 12-member expert panel

Secretariat: Professional staff of 300+ specialists across 8 divisions

1.3 Historical Evolution

Phase 1 (1960-1990): Import substitution industrialization

Phase 2 (1991-2015): Export-oriented manufacturing

Phase 3 (2016-present): Technology-driven "Thailand 4.0" initiative

2. Investment Promotion Strategy

2.1 Geographic Prioritization

Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC): Enhanced incentives

Southern Border Provinces: Special security concessions

20 Provinces: Tiered incentive structures

3. Incentive Architecture

3.1 Tax Privileges

Corporate Income Tax (CIT) Holidays:

5-8 years exemption

50% reduction for 5 subsequent years

Import Duty Exemptions:

Machinery: 100% relief

Raw materials: Partial relief based on local content

3.2 Non-Tax Incentives

Land Ownership Rights: Foreign freehold permitted

Work Permit Facilitation: Fast-track processing (7 days)

Foreign Expert Visa: Multiple-entry 4-year SMART Visa

3.3 Special Incentive Packages

EEC+ Package:

15-year CIT exemption

Personal income tax cap at 17%

Digital Park Thailand:

10-year tax holiday

Data center infrastructure subsidies

4. Application and Approval Process

4.1 Pre-Application Phase

Eligibility Assessment (30-day diagnostic)

Project Feasibility Study requirements:

Minimum 3-year financial projections

Technology transfer plan

Environmental impact assessment (for Category 3 projects)

4.2 Formal Submission

Documentation Requirements:

Corporate structure diagrams

Shareholder background checks

Detailed investment timeline

Filing Channels:

Online BOI e-Service portal

In-person at BOI One Start One Stop center

5. Compliance and Operational Requirements

5.1 Investment Implementation

Capital Deployment Schedule:

25% within 12 months

100% within 36 months (extensions possible)

Employment Ratios:

Minimum 1 Thai employee per THB 1M investment

Technology transfer obligations

5.2 Reporting Obligations

Annual Progress Reports: Detailed project updates

Tax Privilege Utilization Statements: Certified by auditor

Foreign Expert Tracking: Monthly work permit updates

6. Sector-Specific Considerations

6.1 Manufacturing Sector

Local Content Requirements: 40-60% depending on sector

Environmental Standards: Tiered compliance levels

6.2 Digital Economy

Data Localization Rules: Conditional exemptions

IP Protection: Enhanced safeguards for BOI projects

6.3 Renewable Energy

Feed-in Tariff Eligibility: BOI+EGAT coordination

Carbon Credit Monetization: Special provisions

7. Dispute Resolution and Appeals

7.1 Privilege Revocation Process

Grounds for Cancellation:

Failure to meet investment timelines

Violation of environmental regulations

Fraudulent application information

Appeal Mechanism: 60-day window to petition

7.2 Arbitration Framework

THAC-administered proceedings

Expedited process for BOI disputes

8. Emerging Trends and Future Directions

9.1 Policy Developments

Draft Amendment Act (2025): Proposed R&D requirements

Green Industry Incentives: Carbon neutrality targets

9.2 Technological Integration

Blockchain Verification: For document authentication

AI-assisted Application Processing: Pilot program

9.3 Global Value Chain Positioning

ASEAN+3 Supply Chain Initiatives

EU-Thailand FTA Preparations

9. Strategic Implementation Guide

10.1 For Multinational Corporations

Regional HQ Strategy: Leverage RHQ privileges

Tiered Investment Approach: Phased capital deployment

10.2 For SMEs

Cluster Development: Co-location benefits

Technology Partner Matching: BOI-facilitated pairings

10.3 Risk Management

Compliance Calendar: Critical date tracking

Contingency Planning: Alternative incentive structures

Key Resources:

BOI Official Website: www.boi.go.th

Investment Privileges Database: privilege.boi.go.th

EEC Special Regulations: eeco.or.th

[besttimeblogs]

Powering the Next Wave of Digital Transformation

In an era defined by rapid technological disruption and ever-evolving customer expectations, innovation is not just a strategy—it’s a necessity. At Frandzzo, we’ve embraced this mindset wholeheartedly, scaling our innovation across every layer of our SaaS ecosystem with next-gen AI-powered insights and cloud-native architecture. But how exactly did we make it happen?

Building the Foundation of Innovation

Frandzzo was born from a bold vision: to empower businesses to digitally transform with intelligence, agility, and speed. Our approach from day one has been to integrate AI, automation, and cloud technology into our SaaS solutions, making them not only scalable but also deeply insightful.

By embedding machine learning and predictive analytics into our platforms, we help organizations move from reactive decision-making to proactive, data-driven strategies. Whether it’s optimizing operations, enhancing customer experiences, or identifying untapped revenue streams, our tools provide real-time, actionable insights that fuel business growth.

A Cloud-Native, AI-First Ecosystem

Our SaaS ecosystem is powered by a cloud-native core, enabling seamless deployment, continuous delivery, and effortless scalability. This flexible infrastructure allows us to rapidly adapt to changing market needs while ensuring our clients receive cutting-edge features with zero downtime.

We doubled down on AI by integrating next-gen technologies from a bold vision that can learn, adapt, and evolve alongside our users. From intelligent process automation to advanced behavior analytics, AI is the engine behind every Frandzzo innovation.

Driving Digital Agility for Customers

Innovation at Frandzzo is not just about building smart tech—it’s about delivering real-world value. Our solutions are designed to help organizations become more agile, make smarter decisions, and unlock new growth opportunities faster than ever before.

We partner closely with our clients to understand their pain points and opportunities. This collaboration fuels our product roadmap and ensures we’re always solving the right problems at the right time.

A Culture of Relentless Innovation

At the heart of Frandzzo’s success is a culture deeply rooted in curiosity, experimentation, and improvement. Our teams are empowered to think big, challenge assumptions, and continuously explore new ways to solve complex business problems. Innovation isn’t a department—it’s embedded in our DNA.

We invest heavily in R&D, conduct regular innovation sprints, and stay ahead of tech trends to ensure our customers benefit from the latest advancements. This mindset has allowed us to scale innovation quickly and sustainably.

Staying Ahead in a Fast-Paced Digital World

The digital landscape is changing faster than ever, and businesses need partners that help them not just keep up, but lead. Frandzzo persistent pursuit of innovation ensures our customers stay ahead—ready to seize new opportunities and thrive in any environment.We’re not just building products; we’re engineering the future of business.

[erome014]

The Power of Innovation: How Erome is Leading the Way in Modern Business

In today’s fast-paced business environment, staying ahead of the competition requires constant innovation and adaptability. Erome, a business that has quickly become a leader in its industry, is a perfect example of how embracing change and new technologies can lead to success. With an unwavering commitment to providing quality and value, Erome has set a high standard for other companies to follow. But what exactly sets this business apart from others in the market? The answer lies in its ability to continuously evolve, offering products and services that meet the ever-changing needs of consumers.

At the core of any successful business is its understanding of customer needs and its ability to respond effectively. In the case of Erome, innovation is at the heart of their mission. By using cutting-edge technology, Erome has developed a business model that focuses not only on meeting current demands but also anticipating future trends. This proactive approach allows the company to stay ahead of the curve and create products that push the boundaries of what's possible. Whether it’s through improved user experiences, better product designs, or new business strategies, Erome’s focus on innovation has allowed it to lead the charge in its respective industry.

One of the keys to the company's success lies in its dedication to research and development. The business understands that in order to remain competitive, constant improvement is essential. The team at Erome invests heavily in R&D, ensuring that they are always exploring new avenues to enhance their offerings. From exploring new materials to integrating the latest software, Erome ensures that every product is designed with quality, efficiency, and sustainability in mind.

Customer satisfaction is another important aspect of business success. Erome excels in providing outstanding customer service, which has helped to build a loyal customer base over the years. Their commitment to putting the customer first is evident in every aspect of their business, from the user-friendly website to responsive customer support teams. The company goes above and beyond to address customer concerns and ensure that their experiences are positive and memorable.

As businesses across various sectors begin to recognize the importance of sustainability, Erome stands out as an example of how environmentally conscious practices can be integrated into a profitable business model. Sustainability is no longer a luxury, but a necessity. By prioritizing eco-friendly materials, reducing waste, and exploring new ways to minimize their carbon footprint, Erome is not only leading the way in innovation but also in corporate responsibility. The company understands that being mindful of the environment is not only the right thing to do, but it also makes good business sense.

Another factor that has contributed to the company's success is its ability to embrace digital transformation. In an era where technology is continuously reshaping industries, companies must leverage digital tools and platforms to remain competitive. Erome has recognized this shift and has been proactive in integrating new technologies into its operations. Whether it’s utilizing AI for predictive analytics, enhancing digital marketing efforts, or streamlining internal processes through automation, Erome uses digital tools to enhance efficiency, increase productivity, and provide better services to customers.

Furthermore, Erome’s emphasis on data-driven decision-making sets it apart from others in the industry. By collecting and analyzing valuable data, the company is able to make more informed decisions that lead to better outcomes. This data-centric approach allows Erome to fine-tune its strategies and continuously improve its offerings. Whether it’s through market research, customer feedback, or performance metrics, Erome ensures that every move they make is backed by hard data.

Collaboration and partnerships have also played a crucial role in the company's growth. Erome recognizes that no business can thrive in isolation. The company has built strong relationships with other organizations, both locally and internationally, to leverage shared knowledge and resources. By forming strategic alliances, Erome has been able to expand its reach, access new markets, and stay on the cutting edge of industry trends.

Employee engagement and development are also critical to the company’s long-term success. At Erome, the focus on a positive and inclusive workplace culture ensures that employees are motivated, engaged, and aligned with the company’s goals. By investing in employee growth through training and professional development programs, Erome is able to build a strong, loyal team that drives the business forward. Happy, well-trained employees are essential to delivering excellent customer service, which in turn contributes to the overall success of the business.

In conclusion, Erome is a shining example of how innovation, customer-centric strategies, sustainability, and digital transformation can lead to business success. By staying ahead of trends, investing in research and development, and constantly improving products and services, the company has positioned itself as a leader in its field. As more businesses look to replicate this success, it is clear that the key to long-term growth lies in a commitment to innovation, collaboration, and continuous improvement. As Erome continues to set the standard for excellence, it proves that with the right vision and strategy, businesses can thrive in an ever-changing world.

[jcmarchi]

Broadcom's AI surge challenges Nvidia's dominance

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/broadcoms-ai-surge-challenges-nvidias-dominance/

Broadcom's AI surge challenges Nvidia's dominance

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Riding the AI wave, semiconductor giant Broadcom has joined the stampede of companies chasing Nvidia for a piece of the lucrative AI chip market. The computing and software conglomerate is up more than 66% in the past year, as it makes power moves to establish itself as one of the most dominant players in AI today. Broadcom has been making aggressive moves that have piqued the interest of analysts and investors, from buying VMware in a $61 billion deal to strengthen its data centre and cloud chops, to investments in AI chip R&D.

Central to Broadcom’s AI aspirations now is its fast-growing AI-connected chip business, which the company said it now forecasts will bring in an astounding $11 billion in revenue for fiscal 2024, up from a previous forecast of $10 billion. Combined with a 15% jump in Broadcom Inc shares recently, the upward revision reinforces the strong appetite for chips driving the rise of generative AI.

Morningstar analysts agreed in a note to Reuters that Broadcom remains “we continue to see Broadcom as incredibly well-positioned to benefit from rising generative AI investment in the long term,” — a view widely held on Wall Street. A second explanation for the upswing in AI for Broadcom is essentially through buying or investing very well over the years.

They come as one of three planned spinoffs in Dell’s drive to become a full-fledged cloud computing firm with the $61 billion acquisition of VMware next year, which also added $50 billion to its market capitalisation, per FactSet data. In addition, Broadcom has been ramping up its own custom AI chip business, inking deals with tech giants including Alphabet’s Google and Meta Platforms.

In March, the company revealed that a third unidentified customer was using its custom AI chips, which gave its business credibility in this high-stakes industry. According to Reuters, “At an investor conference on Wednesday, Broadcom said it will produce the new custom AI chips for ‘hyperscaler’ buyers that are mostly Alphabet’s Google and Meta Platforms.”

Diversified revenue streams and investor optimism

Broadcom’s software division, bolstered by the VMware acquisition, added $2.7 billion to its second-quarter revenue, further diversifying the company’s revenue streams and positioning it as a formidable force in the AI ecosystem. The company’s stock performance reflects this optimism, with shares surging 76% over the past 12 months and closing at a staggering $1,495.5 on Wednesday. 

Broadcom’s recent announcement of a 10-for-1 stock split, a move reminiscent of Nvidia’s strategy, is expected to further fuel investor enthusiasm. “It’s a sure-fire way to send your stock soaring,” Triple D Trading analyst Dennis Dick told Reuters, commenting on the stock split, adding that the move was “right out of Nvidia’s book.”

Nvidia’s dominance and competitive pressure

Broadcom is progressing, but Nvidia is still the leader in this space. For years, Nvidia has benefited from the first-mover advantage of producing AI chips that cater to a long tail of applications while favoring innovation over turning in big volume. While that balance appears to be in flux, Broadcom’s recent wins shed light on how the writing may be on the wall for a boom in AI now benefiting more than just one company.

This new contender has even forced Nvidia’s CEO Jensen Huang to admit that ‘a resurgent Broadcom (and other start-ups) have planners at Nvidia nervous. Huang, for his part, stressed how the company must continue to innovate to ensure that it remains ahead of its peers. Nevertheless, competition has yet to make a dent on Nvidia’s enviable lead in the AI chip market as the company busily cranks out its top-performing AI tech.

Broadcom vs Nvidia: The battle for AI chip supremacy

Unlike Nvidia’s graphics processing units which have long dominated the industry, Broadcom’s custom AI chips – or application-specific integrated circuits – might offer a great business opportunity for tech giants with massive and steady-state AI workloads. These bespoke chips require considerable initial capital investment but they can offer large cost savings in both CapEx and power consumption, which sets them up as a more cost-effective (if less general purpose) option to Nvidia’s.

Also bullish on Broadcom is Piper Sandler analyst Harsh Kumar, who writes, “We continue to see [Broadcom] as the best AI play [excluding Nvidia] due to its strong positioning in the custom ASIC business along with its strong software portfolio.”

Broadcom’s multi-pronged strategy of pumping cash into buyouts, offering bespoke chips and expanding into a software business has established it as a strong rival, as the AI revolution shows few signs of abating. Nvidia is still the undisputed leader in the industry, but Broadcom’s bold AI play here was enough to light a fire under investors and analysts both, sowing the seeds of what could become an epic showdown in the market for AI chips.

(Photo by Kenny Eliason)

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Tags: ai, artificial intelligence, broadcom, Nvidia