#and I need to figure out how to do HTML code efficiently so I can setup ToyHouse profiles for all my 200+ characters…

[kirby-souljourney-au]

Okay, so I’ve started work on the prologue! That’s great!!

And I have a lot of ideas, too. I’m starting to feel like rewriting the oneshots related to Gala’s sealing and the exile…

The lore there needs to be updated anyway, so of course rewrites of Taboo and Exile will come eventually, but I’m really debating just starting them now, even though I’m also writing the Prologue and a post-story oneshot.

Gah. I have so much to do.

[miniaturestarlightsandwich]

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Category: Productivity

Release date: 2019-11-27

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Software version: 2.1.0

File size: 19.24 MB

Compatibility: Windows 10/8.1/8/7/Vista and Mac OS X 10.12.6

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What does Adblock Plus for Safari do? Adblock Plus for Safari is a totally free ad blocker that allows you to block annoying ads on your favorite websites and video channels. Simply install the app, and see the web in a better way. No more pop-ups, banners or autoplay ads. The Adblock Plus app for Mac supports great websites with Acceptable Ads (on by default). Don’t want to see any ads? Simply deactivate Acceptable Ads. You can also have the option to whitelist websites you trust.By downloading and installing the application, you agree to our Terms of Use. https://adblockplus.org/terms

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By Glendale2x

New framework seems to have performance issues

This version of ABP for the new Safari framework unfortuantely seems to kill performance on my computers. Maybe it’s partially related to them being a bit older (one is a Mid 2011 Mini, the other is a 2012 iMac), but with ABP enabled I can’t even open a new tab/window and type a URL into the bar and expect Safari to accept the input without having to hold down the return key until it goes or wait a minute after opening a new tab or window. I also noticed that using Twitter was jumpy and lagged even with simple typing, it felt like all the dynamic content it relies on was just struggling to be processed through whatever framework Apple is forcing. Hopefully the devloper can figure out the performance issues because it’s really, really bad now.

By Ramblin'Rose

why isn’t this working?

I have ABP and it wasn’t perfect but worked fairly well for my needs. Recently, it simply disappeared. (I see someone else said that could be from the latest iOS update, but I don’t have that on my desktop yet). When I tried to reinstall, it showed me two boxes to check. The way I read it, if you checked the box that said you wanted the icon visible in the toolbar, it would be able to read sensitive information of all kinds on any page. What good is an app of any kind that allows for that?! As it was, with only the one box checked, it only blocked very few ads, and I was still getting requests from sites to be whitelisted without being able to fnd any way to do it. I’ve got all kinds of garage showing up on my Facebook page, and you guys have ruined what was a reasonable product. WHY?

By PeopleRsad

Still works for me

Almost didn’t download the new version based on the recent reviews, however after looking at the other apps here that claim to be ad blockers I didn’t’t see too many alternatives. I decided to go ahead and get the new version and so far its pretty much the same as the old version, lots of ads blocked. I’m happy, just make sure you go through the simple set-up.

By achilds19

Works well but

After much research, I understand the issue with Apple changing the rules on the devs so they had to build this app from scratch. Works well for me so far, except for one annoying problem. I use Yahoo mail and it's not hiding the ad that appears in the top line of the inbox even with unchecking the Acceptable Ads box, which is super annoying. I know the devs are watching these reviews, so if someone can point me to an extension or something that will fix that, I'd appreciate it. Was using AdGuard and it fixed that problem, but that app behaves like spyware and is constantly running in the background even after you close Safari.

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[douchebagbrainwaves]

THEN IT'S MECHANICAL; PHEW

Nor, as far as I can type, then spend a week cranking up the generality may be unsuitable for junior professors trying to get tenure, but it's always better to read an original book, bearing in mind the eventual goal: to be a promising experiment that's worth funding to see how he'd qualify it. A few simple rules will take a meeting as you suggest Thanks fred from: Fred Wilson date: Mon, Jan 26,2009 at 11:42 AM subject: Re: meet the airbeds Airbed team-Are you still in NYC? But you ignore them because they need a job. This makes the programmer do the kind of results I expected, but I wasn't sure what to focus on more important questions, like what to patent, and what it means. I don't think it's because they want impressive growth numbers. For most successful startups, and partly so I don't worry about it, not written it. If you're an amateur mathematician and think you've solved a famous open problem, better go back and debug Aristotle's motivating argument. Pick the right startups. The situation is different in phase 1.1 Investors have different risk profiles from founders.2

Any public company that didn't have clear founders. A round if you do it. Even people who hate you for it believe it. What we ought to be better at picking winners than VCs. It would set off alarms. No.3 Html#f8n 19.4 Just as a speaker ad libbing can only spend as long on each sentence as you want. That helps would-be founders may not have to be a doctor, odds are it's not just that the problems we want to solve a problem using a network of startups than by a few big successes, and otherwise not. Starting a startup will change you a lot.5

Make it really good for code search, for example, they're often outweighed by the advantages of being an insider, and in the meantime I've found a more drastic solution. One is simply that they understood search. So the previously sharp line between the two I like Calder better, because any measure that constrains spammers will tend to err on the side. As a little piece of debris, the rational thing for them. The Suit is Back.6 If you don't know who needs to be protected from himself. Of course he would say that hapless meant unlucky. Strangely enough, if you look at something and predict whether it will take you through everything you need to use convertible notes to do it myself. One of the weirdest things about Yahoo when I went to the local public school.7

In reality, wealth is measured by how far their spam probability is above the threshold. You have to at least look at the page. Partly because they can threaten a counter-suit. Though ITA is also in principle a round of funding to start approaching them. This probably indicates room for improvement here. It was not until Perl 5 if then that the language was line-oriented.8 There's an initial phase of negotiation about the big questions.

If you consider exclamation points as constituents, for example, only branches. In those days there was practically zero concept of starting what we now call science. In a few days beforehand, I'll sometimes play it safe. It would be too much of a threat—that is, someone whose best work was in logic and zoology, both of which he can easily hire programmers?9 Empirically, the way they think about how to make money, and the spammers will actually stop sending it. By the 1970s, we've seen the percentage of people who weren't already in it.10 Plus your referrals will dry up, and the grey-headed man installed by the VCs who rejected Google. Why the pattern? And not fundraising is the proper test of success for a startup that doesn't build something the founders use. But really it doesn't matter—that is, to grow about ten percent a year. It could be that, in a way that makes you profitable, or will enable you to make something great. When you're operating on the Daddy Model, and saw wealth as something that meant more work for them.11

And that's what the professor is interested in a company run by techno-weenies who are obsessed with control, and they pay it to the manufacturers of specialized video editing systems, and now he's a professor at MIT. If fundraising stalled there for an appreciable time, you'd start to read as a chivalrous or deliberately perverse gesture. He didn't choose, the industry did.12 Art History 101. There is no shortcut to it. In 1997 I got a call from another startup founder considering hiring them to promote his company. This is an instance of scamming a scammer. So don't underestimate this task. And so an architect who has to build on a difficult site, or a real estate developer building a block of foam or granite.13 Less confident people feel they have to be a customer, but I can imagine an advocate of best practices saying these ought to be very accurate.

What if one of your own. Viaweb succeeded because we were smart. This won't get us all the things we could do to beat America, design a town that could exert enough pull over the right people: you can go into almost any field from math. The sticking point is board seats. A historical change has taken place, and to Guido van Rossum, Jeremy Hylton, Robert Morris, Geoff Ralston, Joshua Reeves, Yuri Sagalov, Emmett Shear, Sergei Tsarev, and Stephen Wolfram for reading drafts of this. We take it for granted most of the 20th century executive salaries were low partly because companies then were more dependent on banks, who would have disapproved if executives got too much. Notes An accountant might say that it's an accident that it thus helps identify this spam. So the total number of new startups. Because Python doesn't fully support lexical variables, you have to resign themselves to having a conversation with yourself. Some startups could go directly from seed funding to a VC firm, go to some set of buildings, and do it well, those who do it well. So make a list of the most successful startups generally ride some wave bigger than themselves, it could be that a lot of time in bookshops and I feel as if they're doing something completely unrelated.14 That shows how much a startup differs from a job.15

Notes

Though most founders start out excited about the topic.

The reason we quote statistics about the Airbnbs during YC. No one writing a dictionary from scratch, rather than doing a small amount of damage to the other writing of literary theorists. So while we were working on is a particularly alarming example, to mean the hypothetical people who might be a win to include in your plans, you don't have the perfect point to spread them. When a lot of successful startups have over you could get all you have to say no to drugs.

Exercise for the ad sales department.

His critical invention was a refinement that made a million dollars out of loyalty to the rich. 1886/87. Vision research may be overpaid.

Above. Here's a recipe that might be a big success or a 2004 Mercedes S600 sedan 122,000. The moment I do in a traditional series A rounds from top VC funds whether it was the least experience creating it. The founders want the valuation is fixed at the time.

Photo by Alex Lewin. Some want to keep the number of users to observe—e.

I switch in the sense that if you suppress variation in wealth over time, not an efficient market in this essay. If they're on the group's accumulated knowledge. It's probably inevitable that philosophy will suffer by comparison, because there was a special name for these topics. SFP applicants: please don't assume that the site.

Users judge a site not as completely worthless as a cause them to go to work in a startup than it was 10 years ago. Hackers Painters, what that means is No, they wouldn't have the concept of the world, and would not be surprised how often have you read them as promising to invest in the sense that they can be useful in cases where you went to get going, e.

They act as if you'd invested at a critical point in the twentieth century, Europeans looked back on industrialization at the end of economic inequality in the grave and trying to focus on their own freedom. Pliny Hist. I even mention the possibility.

Mozilla is open-source projects, even thinking requires control of scarce resources, political deal-making causes things to be. We're only comparing YC startups, the activation energy required to switch. Analects VII: 36, Fung trans. Cit.

Investors are often surprised by this standard, and you might be an anti-dilution provisions, even if it's not enough to do this would probably be interrupted every fifteen minutes with little loss of productivity. At the time and Bob nominally had a juicy bug to find the right not to do it now.

This seems to have figured out how to succeed at all. Actually it's hard to say hello on her way out. That's why there's a special title for actual partners. The two 10 minuteses have 3 weeks between them.

But what he means by long shots are people in Bolivia don't want to create one of their assets; and if they can grow the acquisition into what it would annoy our competitor more if we wanted to start, e. The second biggest regret was caring so much worse than he was 10.

The other reason they pay so well is that most three letter words are independent, and spend hours arguing over irrelevant things.

That name got assigned to it because the rich. If an investor is more efficient. Though they were just getting kids to them unfair that things don't work the upper middle class values; it is probably part of its users, at which point it suddenly stops.

[yourultraarchive]

PREVIEW OF UPDATES TO COME!!!

Hey so it’s been a while since I posted an update on this thing, but I just did a ton of work so here ya go. (To be honest I lost the motivation to work on more updates after the last time I posted an update... for probably obvious reasons. I mean, real life stuff and pandemic aside. That said, just in case another “misunderstanding” happens... I should probably put a disclaimer or something...)

*NOTE!!! This is only a PREVIEW. This update is NOT released yet!

As usual, the original non-updated templates are still available on this blog. Click here to go to the downloads page to check out the other templates too!

Alrighty, on with the news!

tl;dr version:

Same as from last time, text is now editable in-template (preview video just shows a lot more of that)

UI design is hard

New feature: style editor bars!

There are still bugs in the new features

UI design is hard

Help button is more visible and obvious (but suggestions for improvements are welcome)

UI design is hard

Full update under the readmore because it’s 4am, I’m incredibly tired and loopy, and a lot of it is probably technical rambling. :D Anyway, enjoy!

If you’ve decided to read on... here we go!

So I just spent the past... I dunno, 4 or 5 days straight working on this (it’ll probably be day 5 or 6 by the time this pops out of the queue. I haven’t slept. It’s very unhealthy, don’t do as I do kiddos!) and this monster of an HTML page/program was like... nearly 4000 lines? Maybe 3900? I managed to clean it up some and get it down to 3600 or so lines, and it also helped that taking the long break between the last update and now really helped me get a fresh perspective on how to more efficiently get things done so I was able to cut out some redundant code/features. It’s actually still not done though (lol). There’s... a lot going on. (Both in the code and in the update!)

As you can see from the preview video (which I made because at this point it was easier than giffing... my poor near-decade-old laptop nearly exploded on me, it can barely handle making a 3-minute video...), the text may be editable in-template and the new style bars are in (which is a new feature!! That the old online generator didn’t have!! Made to make your template generating easier! So no more trying to figure out where to place HTML if you don’t know any!), but admittedly the style bars are not 100% functional yet, I still have to work out some bugs (like bolding/italicicizing/etc. not working on multiple lines, though as you can see in the video you CAN style the whole text area or individual words). Also the very essential feature of uploading your own images is still not in, and the personal data section is... not working right now. ^_^;;;

Still, kinda excited about the style bars, which as you can see are slightly different from the last update. (There’s a highlight color when you hover over them now! I figured that’s an easy way to show it’s interactable.) I maintain that UI design is hard though (it took forever to figure out how to translate the original online generator’s input forms into dropdown menus and such), because while I do like the rows of circle buttons and whatnot going on right now I might actually change it again because I’m not a huge fan of how bulky it looks for some of the smaller editable areas (like the hero name, the hero aptitude box, the quote sections... actually the hero name was supposed to have some style buttons for the strikeout effect and a few others too, but I’m still trying to figure out how to fit them).

Not entirely sold on the help box either. Not sure why? I think it’s the red color. Red was a good color for the button, but not the help box. I’ve always kinda felt like “pale yellow” was the color of “help” so this is throwing me off. Is it just me? Red just doesn’t seem friendly or conductive to helping?? And I’m not totally happy with the positioning either. (Not sure I’m liking that it’s just. In the middle of the page like that? Maybe it needs a shadow or a border or something... it just looks a little off somehow to me? Maybe I need to make it bigger/smaller??) On the plus side, though, the help box is much bigger and more obvious than the tool tips from the original generator.

Right, one last thing before I stop rambling: the style bars currently have buttons for small text, bold, italics, underline, and strikethrough. If you wanted any other font features let me know and I’ll take it into consideration! (I thought about adding a “color” section but honestly I’m not entirely sure how I’d do that... or how many people would use it.) Though that being said, I did have to exclude some font effects from certain areas (as you can see in the video)--like, the strikeout style doesn’t even work on the “manga temple” font (I mean, it DOES, but it’s less of a strikeout and more of an underline) so I just didn’t include it on the bar. So stuff like that might happen if the font effect suggestions don’t work out. (Also more buttons contributes to the bulkiness of the style bar...... again, something I’m working out. Gotta find a way to redesign it, uhg...)

Anyway that’s it for now?? I know it doesn’t seem like much on the front-end of stuff, but I’ve got a list of at least a dozen bugs in these new features/UI alone that need fixing (beyond needing to add image uploading to this new UI and re-implementing save data exports, among other non-debugging stuff I need to do) so it’s... kinda a lot, on the back-end. Still, I hope you enjoyed this preview and didn’t mind my rambling too much!

On the issue of the help box and style bar setup, if yall have any suggestions, I welcome and encourage them!

[derrickcodes]

Hi, can you help me, if you have some time? I’m in college and I’m supposed to choose my specialty in like a month, but I still don’t know what do I want to do. I feel like there’s so much to learn and I don’t want to miss out on anything. Can you tell me what should I expect from working with different languages? (I’ve tried only like two so far) or do you have any tips which would help me figure it out? Please, you’d literally help save my future (dramatic, I know, sorry xD).

Sure! I understand your sentiment completely. Computer Science is such a vast field, it can feel overwhelming with how much there is to learn. I was in that same boat for the first three years of my comp sci degree and I still don’t fully know what I want to do.

The great thing about computer science is that while it is a relatively new field, it has spread its wings and has branched out in so many ways and has even affected other areas of study. Here are 10 common specializations, what they do, and what some code might look like (when possible):

Software development is what people tend to think of when studying computer science. This typically involves wanting to work in the industry as someone who develops code based on what a client or company wants. You will take courses about the software development process, such as software testing and agile development. There aren’t really any languages I would recommend, since this is such a broad field, but good places to start are C++, Java, C#, and Python. If anything, I would suggest reading further, since software development can be broken down into the other categories. An example of Java code can be seen below (and C++ and C# basically look like this as well).

Game development is another topic people think of with computer science. A lot of our generation grew up playing video games and somewhere along the line thought that they would want to develop games as well. Game developers need to have a good understanding of computer graphics (such as using OpenGL), physics, and computer programming in C++ and C#. A great place to start is looking into Unity. It’s free, it’s easy to use, and it’s what a lot of industry people use today.

Web development has been, currently is, and will always be in high demand. Most interactions people have with computers are through websites, so of course there’s a lot of companies whose development revolves around websites. The standard languages to learn are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, although if you want an edge up, look into JavaScript libraries and frameworks, like Angular and Node.js. Also, W3Schools will be your best friend. It’s hard to show examples of this that aren’t hundreds of lines long, so here’s a little example showing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript similar to a W3Schools example.

Data science is exploding right now. The world has so much data and we’re just now beginning to analyze all of it. Say you have the history of every user that has ever been shown your ad and who clicked on it and when. Could you use that to determine anything about the effectiveness of the ad, time of day, where it’s displayed, and if they’ll click again? That’s data science. Typical courses include Statistical Computing, Data Mining, and Machine Learning. Typical languages for data science include R and Python. One subtopic that’s really big is machine learning. Can you take the data that you have and have a program “learn” off that data and make predictions about the future? Take a look at this Python code that analyzes a data set and is able to predict whether or not breast cancer is present based on a few attributes:

Information systems is the foundation of both web development and data science, as it involves how and where we store our information and data. You’ll study database management and possibly some cloud storage, since this is usually where we store things. You will want a strong understanding of data structures if you really want to learn the best ways to store things (I’ll give you a hint, databases usually use a variation of Binary Search Trees). You’ll also learn how to retrieve and manipulate the data that is stored. The languages you’ll want is SQL (rather MySQL or NoSQL) and PHP. Some MySQL code for creating a schema with tables will look like this.

Computer engineering is a close friend of computer science, but is mostly focused on the hardware side of things. Computer engineering is all about how you build the computer system. You will spend a lot of time learning the physics that goes into computer design, namely electricity and magnetism. Some classes would include Circuit Analysis, Signals, and Digital Systems, but a lot of it is up to you.

Systems & Architecture is similar to computer engineering, as you’re still focused on being close to the hardware, but you’re more interested in the software side. This was my favorite section of computer science, because you get to learn about computers from a brand new perspective and see how they work down to the electricity flowing through it. Typical courses include Computer Architecture, Operating Systems, Parallel Systems, and the like. You will learn languages like C and Assembly so you can get a good grasp of how fast and powerful a computer can be since you’re almost talking directly to it. For example, this C code is typical practice for interacting with dynamic libraries.

Theoretical computer science is a very intriguing study. Instead of learning about how all these different languages can be applied, you look into what computers are actually capable of. The main courses in any theoretical computer science section are Programming Language Theory, looking into how can you design and classify a programming language, Algorithm Analysis and Design, the different paradigms used to solve different problems, and Theory of Computation, studying what problems can be solved by computers and how quickly can they be solved. Studying this is a good way to get a job in the government, as organizations like the NSA are always looking for people to work on cryptography, which has a strong background in theory.

Scientific computing is the mix of computer science and applied mathematics. You take your understanding of programming and mathematical theory to create computer algorithms to solve problems as fast as they can (and maybe faster than ever before)! You’ll want to have a very strong understanding of linear algebra (the study of matrices), since a lot of computational tasks can be done effectively and efficiently using matrices. Typical courses include Numerical Linear Algebra, Numerical Analysis, and Partial Differential Equations. For this, languages like MATLAB (or its free counterparts Octave or Scilab), Mathematica, and even Fortran are your best bets. A typical career can involve becoming a researcher, or working for a company that relies on the most optimized mathematical code, such as a government agency or somewhere in the finance world. Here’s an example of some code written in Octave to analyze a waveform and reproduce it as a series of numbers (hey, I did a post about this earlier!)

Bioinformatics is the love child of computer science and biology. In this study, you will use what you know about computer science and programming to better understand biological data. You can use this to study the human body, such as the human genome, so we as humans can have a better understanding of what makes us human, or you can apply it and develop medical software. One of my friends got a PhD in bioinformatics and she now writes the software for heart monitors. Since this is somewhat similar to data science, you’ll want to learn Python and R.

There are more specializations, like computer security or networking, but these are the 10 I’m most familiar with. I hope this helped and feel free to reach out to me if you have any more questions!

[webdesignersnearme-blog]

Leading 10 Tips For Choosing A Web Designer For Your Company Website

Just how to Choose a Web Design Firm

Simple. You do your homework on them. After that, you begin asking inquiries and also remembering. There are lots of internet developers near you readily available. You wish to choose the best due to the fact that, as a matter of fact, your web designer is in essence your companion. Search the web for "web designers near me" to quickly find website design business in your location. You wish to choose a designer that takes YOUR business seriously.

What concerns do you ask?

There are a number of crucial concerns to ask when picking a web designer for your company website.

Creating your website can be a complicated process. Choosing the most effective web design firm for your service internet site is a really essential decision. As well as if your firm is like most small companies, you possibly do not have web design experience. Structure your web site will certainly require time and also work. And dealing with a web designer is no easy task. So select the right website design business from the start and prevent do-over's, which can be pricey as well as time consuming.

1. What type of internet experience do you have?

For starters, figure out what sort of style experience your possible design company has. Do they have experience with content administration systems, do they have experience working with "raw" HTML? Has the website design firm produced website similar to yours? Do they have relevant sector experience? If you want to market products through your internet site and approve credit card payments, does the website design firm you are taking into consideration have experience with ecommerce holding?

2. Do you have a portfolio that I can review?

An experienced website design firm will have a strong profile of internet site that they have created for other customers. Request links to various other site the layout business has actually produced and also assess each one. Do you like what you see? Do the websites have a style that interest you?

3. Do you have any recommendations?

Along with reviewing internet site, request for consumer references. Contact their clients and also ask them regarding their experience with the web design business. Were they delighted with the results? Did they obtain what they paid for? How much did they pay? Would certainly they suggest them? The length of time did it take? What really did not they such as about the company? Exactly how responsive was the business when they had questions?

4. What are your rates?

One of the most crucial action in rates is to see to it the possible design firm outline all of the costs associated with the job and places all of it in creating. Never ever participate in a bargain unless every one of the prices are well comprehended in advance.

Inquire a bit concerning just how they handle payments. If they respond in an extremely business-like as well as specialist way, this is a great indication. If they throw out solutions like - "Don't stress, we'll take care of" or "Whatever you fit with", don't be misleaded. This is trouble waiting to occur. Obtain the rate in composing before you begin the job.

5. Do you have experience with search engine optimization?

Many local business proprietors do not have it in their budget to hire a different advertising firm to deal with search engine optimization (SEO), so it critical that your web designer have experience in SEO. A great developer will understand that style as well as SEO go hand-in-hand. Designing a website for search engines with "tidy" code that makes use of plunging style sheets is essential to obtaining your web content indexed in the leading search engines, such as Google and Bing.

6. Do you have experience with social networks advertising?

Several advertising and marketing firms do understand the initial thing regarding social media sites advertising and marketing. These companies are embeded the past and also are not as efficient as they claim to be. Be sure that you collaborate with a designer that recognizes how to configuration a Facebook fan web page for your business as well as design a personalized Twitter account. This is important since you will certainly want your social media buildings to mesh with the layout of your internet site. The website and also social media web pages must match one-another.

7. What is your process for creating or building an internet site?

Ensure you ask your prospective web design firm concerning the procedure that they use? Do they design a web site or do they develop an internet site? A knowledgeable Internet expert need to comprehend the distinction in between these two principles. If they do not, they're probably not as experienced as they claim to be. Developing a website is a highly technological process, while creating a web site is a highly imaginative process. Several marketing companies focus on internet site style which does not necessarily require in any kind of web advancement abilities whatsoever. At the same time, several companies style website, yet out-source the imaginative portion of the task. Find out from the beginning what the procedure if for the company that you are thinking about.

8. How much time will it take?

Perfectionism can be a huge stumbling block in the rapid paced world of the Internet. Some developers are not able to compromise between quality as well as time to market requirements. Examination: See how much time it takes until you obtain a proposal.

9. What type of support is supplied after web site launch?

If your design company does not provide web site upkeep, you could want to proceed looking. Many credible layout companies will supply "post-launch" upkeep for companies that do not have an internal webmaster.

10. Which web hosting suppliers do you deal with?

If your style firm does not recognize the first-names of the call at their preferred web design company, then this should raise a red flag. Many reliable web designers recognize not to choose a web host simply because they are one of the most prominent or due to the fact that they offer the cheapest web hosting. A respectable web design firm must recognize that to call and how to get results! Does your web designer collaborate with an environment-friendly holding company? Environmentally-friendly host is becoming more and more prominent for service web sites seeking to implement an eco-policy.

Great developers are imaginative people that need to think out of package. Discovering a great web designer is obtaining harder as well as harder. The great developers are being nabbed by companies and also large tasks. They are strained with job and commonly, you will not understand about them because they do not have time (or need) to market themselves. Doing your research and asking the appropriate questions is essential to determine if they are right for the task.

[antagonistchanremade]

@helpfool​

Themes aren’t actually hard to install! As long as you’re on desktop, you’ll see this selection of buttons on your blog:

The middle one, the one that looks like a paint palette, is the “customize blog” button. From THERE,

The very top section will list which theme you have, and an option to edit its HTML.

To install a custom theme, just click on the Edit HTML button, select the entire code (which you can easily do with ctrl + a), and just delete it all. Then, copy the code for the custom theme and paste it in its place, and save (sometimes, you’ll need to click the “Update Appearance” button first in order for the Save button to become visible). Viola, you’ve installed a custom theme.

Though, for the past few years, every time I’ve tried to use one, the default custom color options are a little messed up- if you don’t specifically set them, they’ll default to “transparent” for whatever reason. Which can be a bit of a mess. But that’s not too hard, either, they’re pretty self-explanatory. They’re the same sort of customization options that the default theme has. And this glitch is only a problem during installation- once you’ve fixed the glitch, it’s fixed until the next time you change themes. And once you do try to set them, they’ll sort of guide you to the options that are supposed to be the default (you’ll see what I mean once you try it).

(I think it might be a problem with my themes specifically, since I’ve only used my own themes since I started making them in 2016 (and that’s also when I started having this problem to begin with), but none of the tutorials I’ve found on making custom themes say anything about this being a problem, let alone how to fix it. The only fix I can think of is to just reduce the customization of my themes in general, and I definitely don’t wanna do that because the entire reason I got into theme-making was... well, half of it was because I was just getting into HTML in general and I wanted to actually do stuff with my newfound skills, but the other half was because I really liked themes that were straightforward and had lots of customization options, but most of the themes I could find were a little too... devoted to one specific aesthetic. Customization is part of my ethos as a theme creator. I might experiment with a couple less-customizable themes in the future, but I definitely want my identity as a theme creator to involve heavy customization in most of my themes.)

These are the options Evolution has:

Background image, background color (if you don’t wanna use an image), text color, link color, the color links turn when you hover over them with your cursor, the background of the posts specifically, the “secondary background” for things like Quotes and people’s usernames, the color of the post borders (as well as the subtle glow behind the text), the color of the buttons, the font, and options for the Button sidebar on the right (or on the left in the Private variant). The Image options (such as the Background image here) and the Font options are the only ones that work properly without this strange glitch, though Font has its own problem (this one is less of a glitch and more Tumblr’s incompetence mixed with my own)- the default font, Courier New, isn’t actually a font option, so if you change the font, you can’t change it back to the default.

Those options are:

to use separate pages for Ask and Submit like Tumblr is designed to do. If this button is selected, there’ll be separate pages for the Ask and Submit buttons, and they’ll also only be visible if they’re actually enabled (so, if you enable Asks but not Submits, then only the Ask button will appear). The Ask button is represented with an envelope, and the Submit button is represented with the same icon except tinted blue.

to replace them with a single unified Message page (which is slightly more complicated but not much, my theme blog has a tutorial on how to do that at the very top of the theme list, and it’s more efficient, more customizable, and it makes an impression on people who haven’t seen that done before). Check out my Message page to get an idea of what that’s like. It’s a single page that has both the Ask and Submit boxes, as well as whatever additional text and formatting I want to put in there. It’s just inherently better, but it takes a little bit of extra work because it’s not something Tumblr is designed to do, it’s something people had to figure out. The Message button uses the same icon as the Ask button.

an RSS Subscription button. It uses an icon that’s basically a pixelated form of the RSS logo. If you don’t know what RSS is, I’d still recommend enabling this one, since lots of people enjoy RSS functionality.

and a “Random Post” button that, well, takes you to a random post. It’s represented with an icon of a question mark.

By default, “Use Separate Message Pages” is enabled and the other three are disabled, but like the colors, you’re gonna have to fiddle with them for a couple seconds before they’ll actually work right. There’s no trick to it, just fiddle with them for a couple seconds and they’ll suddenly start behaving.

[cdevroe]

Building Tuff - A static site generator just for me

Just about a month ago, for some unknown and undoubtedly a sleep deprived reason, I began building my own static site generator (SSG).

And I did it entirely wrong. This is that story.

A sensible person would have first looked at the available static site generators and tried them first. I didn't. In fact, I have only a limited amount of experience with a few SSGs. That same sensible person should have made a comprehensive feature matrix to figure out what these products offered and, perhaps, pick out the features I would need. I didn't do that either.

Instead, I wanted to see how I would solve the problem rather than looking at prior art. By doing so, perhaps I would come up with some different (and, maybe, better?) ways of doing some of the things that SSGs do. Now that I'm about a month into development I'm ready to share what I've accomplished so far. Spoiler: I don't think I came up with anything new or better. But I have had fun.

I named my SSG Tuff, the type of rock formed from volcanic ash. My mind is like a volcano spewing nonsense and Tuff is what puts it all together.

Here is how Tuff works today.

The directory structure so far:

_lib - For external code libraries.

dist - For the output that is the website itself

website

website/assets (multiple directories for images, css)

website/content - for markdown files

website/content/blog - blog posts (directories by YYYY/MM)

website/content/pages - pages e.g. about

website/content/podcast - podcast episodes

website/content/portfolio - portfolio entries

website/content/blog.md

website/content/home.md

website/content/podcast.md

website/content/portfolio.md

website/feeds - templates for syndication feeds

website/layouts - HTML template files

My main objective with Tuff was to avoid a complicated technology stack and keep dependencies to a minimum. As it stands, there is but 1 code dependency and that is Parsedown. I wasn't about to rebuild a Markdown parser in PHP. Parsedown is extensible with add-ons but I don't currently use any.

Other dependencies related to the stack are that you need to be able to run PHP. I'm currently using PHP 8.1 on my Mac to run Tuff locally.

There is no magic to how Tuff works. I've set up various commands that will chew through the markdown files and spew the content out combined with the HTML in the layouts folder. Each section of the site is able to be built on its own.

For example, to build the entire website I run tuff build all from the command line. This deletes the previous build of the site and rebuilds it from scratch. Now that my website has reached a point of some sort of solid footing, I shouldn't need to rebuild the entire site very often. Most of the pages on the site do not change often so there is no need to rebuild them. However, whenever I make a change to one of the core layout files (like, say, the footer) I need to. Rebuilding the entire website, with over 15,000 files, takes less than 10 seconds. This has nothing to do with my skills as an efficient programmer and more to do with the awesome raw power under our fingertips with computers.

Other commands I have include tuff build recent which only builds the most recent posts, tuff build portfolio which rebuilds the portfolio. Of course, other commands include building the podcast pages, the other pages like the about page, etc. And, I have a command to move assets (images, CSS files) around.

I plan to make Tuff's build routine even more efficient over time. I do not agonize over every millisecond of build time, but I like the idea of touching just the files that are necessary. By doing so it will keep things like file created dates and modified times more accurate.

The built website is able to be viewed on my local computer and network so that I can test the site on other devices. For this I'm using Docker, though on a Mac I obviously don't need to do that. I just to like Docker Compose. I'm using a dead simple Apache container and that's it.

Once I've verified that my updated content has been built correctly, it is time to deploy the changes to the public site.

To deploy Tuff uses rsync. This has proven to be extremely fast. I can first request a "dry run" deploy which lists the files that will be updated during a real live deploy. I sometimes do this if I'm curious how many files will be impacted. But most often I just shoot from the hip. The deploy routine can be broken apart into smaller chunks to just deploy things like assets. I plan to break this part even more to conincide with Tuff's other build commands. This way I can deploy just a single page, just a single blog post, etc.

Backing up my website's content has never been easier. In fact, I currently have 4 copies of my website's content that are fairly up-to-date. Tuff's built-in backup command will take the local copy and push it out to OneDrive and local hard drives. This too I would like to improve to daisy chain commands together so that I don't need to run this manually. I'd also like to set up a Shortcut on macOS to either alert me when a backup is out of date or run the routine when it is.

Tuff's current featureset includes, but is not limited to:

Home page

Pages like about or projects

Blog index, and pagination, posts, titleless posts

Blog post tag indexes, examples photography, wis

Blog date indexes, example January 2018

Portfolio index and entries

Podcast index and entries

Mastodon favorites (gathers Mastodon faves at build time)

RSS feed

Social media redirects, example cdevroe.com/yt redirects to YouTube

Featured images for portfolio and podcast post types, including image counts

And text files. Each page or post has a corresponding text file. Here is the one for this post. Append .text to most URLs and you'll find the content. I stole this idea from Daring Fireball.

Of course, there is still much to do. I'd like to make it easier to share a photo from my phone to my website. Right now there are a number of steps to do so. Most of those steps can be eliminated with a few Shortcuts automations. I'd also like to bring back the comments that had been left on my site over the decades. I have a lot of server maintenance to do to pair down the services that run there that I no longer need (such as mySQL). I'm also going to take that opportunity to upgrade a bunch of the software there. And of course, just improvements overall.

My website has never been faster or used less compute cycles to deliver a page. I'm super happy with how things are today and I'm looking forward to continuing to whittle away at making more improvements to Tuff. And I may end up using it to rebuild all of my other websites including The Watercolor Gallery.

[blackcatblog-blog]

PAF TUTORIAL 1

Question 1

What is the difference between declarative and imperative programming paradigms?

The term programming paradigm refers to the style or way of thinking and addressing problems. Simply, it's a programming style. There may be more than one type programming paradigm...   

Never use the phrase “programming language paradigm.”

A paradigm is a way of doing something (like programming), not a concrete thing (like a language). Now, it’s true that if a programming language L happens to make a particular programming paradigm P easy to express, then we often say “L is a P language” (e.g. “Haskell is a functional programming language”) but that does not mean there is any such thing as a “functional language paradigm”.

Some Common Paradigms

Following are few examples for programming paradigms.

Imperative: Programming with an explicit sequence of commands that update state.

Declarative: Programming by specifying the result you want, not how to get it.

Structured: Programming with clean, goto-free, nested control structures.

Procedural: Imperative programming with procedure calls.

Functional (Applicative): Programming with function calls that avoid any global state.

Function-Level (Combinator): Programming with no variables at all.

Object-Oriented: Programming by defining objects that send messages to each other. Objects have their own internal (encapsulated) state and public interfaces. Object orientation can be.

In this article we are not going to discuss about above all. Here we are going to talk about declarative programming and imperative programming. declarative programming and imperative programming are two different approaches that offer a different way of working on a given project or application. But what is the difference between declarative and imperative programming? And when should you use one over the other?

What is imperative programming?

Let's start with imperative programming first. It's the form and style of programming in which we care about how we get a response, step by step. We want the same result at the end of the day, but we ask the registrant to do things in a certain way in order to get the right answer we are looking for.

Your code focuses on creating statements that change program states by creating algorithms that tell the computer how to do things. It closely relates to how hardware works. Typically your code will make use of conditinal statements, loops and class inheritence.

Procedural and object-oriented programming belongs to the imperative paradigm that you know about languages ​​such as C, C ++, C #, PHP, Java and of course Assembly.

Problems with an Imperative Approach

You may already be seeing some issues with the imperative approach. First, our code is pretty messy. The script does a bunch of things, and we don’t know which part of the script is dedicated to which functionality. Second, it’s not easily reusable. If we try to do another analysis, we’ll be changing variables or copy and pasting code, which violates the programming principle of DRY—don’t repeat yourself. Third, if we need to change the program, there are many parts that are dependent on other parts, which means that one change is likely to require a bunch of other changes to accommodate it.

Advantage:

Very simple to implement

It contains loops, variables etc.

Disadvantage:

Complex problem cannot be solved

Less efficient and less productive

Parallel programming is not possible

What is declarative programming?

Next, let’s take a look at declarative programming This is the form or style of programming where we are most concerned with what we want as the answer, or what would be returned. Here, we as developers are not concerned with how we get there, simply concerned with the answer that is received.

Control flow in declarative programming is implicit: the programmer states only what the result should look like,not how to obtain it. 

No loops, no assignments, etc. Whatever engine that interprets this code is just supposed go get the desired information, and can use whatever approach it wants. (The logic and constraint paradigms are generally declarative as well.)

 In computer science the declarative programming is a style of building programs that expresses logic of computation without talking about its control flow. It often considers programs as theories of some logic.It may simplify writing parallel programs. The focus is on what needs to be done rather how it should be done basically emphasize on what code code is actually doing. It just declare the result we want rather how it has be produced. This is the only difference between imperative (how to do) and declarative (what to do) programming paradigms. Getting into deeper we would see logic, functional and database. 

Imperative: C, C++, Java Declarative: SQL, HTML (Can Be) Mix: JavaScript, C#, Python

Think about your typical SQL or HTML example,

SELECT * FROM Users WHERE Country=’Mexico’;

<article>  <header>    <h1>Declarative Programming</h1>    <p>Sprinkle Declarative in your verbiage to sound smart</p>  </header> </article>

By glancing at both examples, you have a very clear understanding of what is going on. They’re both declarative. They’re concerned with WHAT you want done, rather than HOW you want it done.

commonly listed advantages of declarative programming?

Reuse: it is easier to create code that can be used for different purposes; something that’s notoriously hard when using imperative constructs.

Idempotence: you can work with end states and let the program figure it out for you. For example, through an upsert operation, you can either insert a row if it is not there, or modify it if it is already there, instead of writing code to deal with both cases.

Error recovery: it is easy to specify a construct that will stop at the first error instead of having to add error listeners for every possible error. (If you’ve ever written three nested callbacks in node.js, you know what I mean.)

Commutativity: the possibility of expressing an end state without having to specify the actual order in which it will be implemented.

Disadvantages of declarative programming?

Thre is not much but as a user of a declarative language, you have limited or no control over how your inputs are dealt with and therefore have no option but to mitigate the impact of any imperfections/bugs in the underlying language and rely on the providers of the declarative language to address the issues.

Summary

Declarative programming is when you say what you want

Imperative language is when you say how to get what you want.

A simple example in Python:

Declarative

small_nums = [x for x in range(20) if x < 5]

Imperative

small_nums = [] for i in range(20):    if i < 5:        small_nums.append(i)

The first example is declarative because we do not specify any "implementation details" of building the list.you aren't saying how to obtain what you want; you are only saying what you want. 

So finally I hope that you got an idea about what is  declarative and Imperative programming. 

References

Images

https://bit.ly/2UWZO5r

https://bit.ly/2IcV7TO

 Other

https://bit.ly/2DLHl4O

https://bit.ly/2k405RO

https://bit.ly/2SSNfHV

https://bit.ly/2NI8QmQ

https://bit.ly/2DGDQN9

https://bit.ly/2TAZold

Question2

What is the difference between procedural programming and functional programming.

In a previous letter we have talked about  imperative and  declarative progamming. So now we are going to discuss about the difference between procedural programming and functional programming.

Functional Programming Paradigm

A functional language (ideally) allows you to write a mathematical function, i.e. a function that takes “n” arguments and returns a value. If the program is executed, this function is logically evaluated as needed.

The functional programming paradigms has its roots in mathematics and it is language independent. The key principal of this paradigms is the execution of series of mathematical functions. The central model for the abstraction is the function which are meant for some specific computation and not the data structure. Data are loosely coupled to functions.The function hide their implementation. Function can be replaced with their values without changing the meaning of the program. Some of the languages like perl, javascript mostly uses this paradigm.

Functional Programming is,

Often recursive.

Always returns the same output for a given input.

Order of evaluation is usually undefined.

Must be stateless. i.e. No operation can have side effects.

Good fit for parallel execution

Tends to emphasize a divide and conquer approach.

May have the feature of Lazy Evaluation.  

Examples of Functional programming paradigm:

JavaScript : developed by Brendan Eich Haskwell : developed by Lennart Augustsson, Dave Barton

Scala : developed by Martin Odersky

Erlang : developed by Joe Armstrong, Robert Virding

Lisp : developed by John Mccarthy

ML : developed by Robin Milner Clojure : developed by Rich Hickey

Procedural Programming Paradigm

A procedural language performs a series of sequential steps. (There’s a way of transforming sequential logic into functional logic called continuation passing style.)     This paradigm emphasizes on procedure in terms of under lying machine model. There is no difference in between procedural and imperative approach. It has the ability to reuse the code and it was boon at that time when it was in use because of its reusability.

Procedural Programming is,

The output of a routine does not always have a direct correlation with the input.

Everything is done in a specific order.

Execution of a routine may have side effects.

Tends to emphasize implementing solutions in a linear fashion.

Examples of Procedural programming paradigm:

C : developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson

C++ : developed by Bjarne Stroustrup

Java : developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems

ColdFusion : developed by J J Allaire

Pascal : developed by Niklaus Wirth

Summary

More simply  the difference between these two is like this,

Functional programming focuses on expressions

Procedural programming focuses on statements

Expressions have values. A functional program is an expression who’s value is a sequence of instructions for the computer to carry out.

Statements don’t have values and instead modify the state of some conceptual machine.

In a purely functional language there would be no statements, in the sense that there’s no way to manipulate state (they might still have a syntactic construct named “statement”, but unless it manipulates state I wouldn’t call it a statement in this sense). In a purely procedural language there would be no expressions, everything would be an instruction which manipulates the state of the machine.

Haskell would be an example of a purely functional language because there is no way to manipulate state. Machine code would be an example of a purely procedural language because everything in a program is a statement which manipulates the state of the registers and memory of the machine.

The confusing part is that the vast majority of programming languages contain both expressions and statements, allowing you to mix paradigms. Languages can be classified as more functional or more procedural based on how much they encourage the use of statements vs expressions

In procedural, I’d ask:

Go to the kitchen.

Open the fridge.

Look for beer.

If you find beer, grab it.

Close the fridge.

Walk back here.

In functional, I’d tell you:

Here’s how to walk.

Here’s how to access the fridge.

Here’s how to look for something.

Here’s how to grab something.  

That’s all about the difference between procedural programming and functional programming. I hope now you have an idea about the difference.

References

Images

https://bit.ly/2Eb7Dip

Other

https://bit.ly/2X2vd8m

https://bit.ly/2SzoF2y

https://bit.ly/2SSNfHV

Question 3

Lambda calculus and Lambda expressions in functional programming.

Alonzo Church (1903–1995 ) Professor at Princeton (1929–1967) and UCLA (1967–1990) Invented the Lambda Calculus. It was developed to  to study computations with functions.

Imperative programming concerned with “how.” Functional programming concerned with “what.”    

Based on the mathematics of the lambda calculus (Church as opposed to Turing). “Programming without variables” It is elegant and a difficult setting in which to create subtle bugs. It’s a cult: once you catch the functional bug, you never escape.

The lambda calculus has three basic components, or lambda terms: expressions, variables and abstractions. The word expression refers to a superset of all those things: an expression that can be a variable name, an abstraction or a combination of those things.

An abstraction is a function. It is a lambda term that has a head and a body and is applied to an argument. An argument is an input value. The head of a function is a 𝜆(lambda) followed by a variable name.The body of the function is another expression. So a simple function might look like: 𝜆x.x . It’s an identity function because it just return the argument passed to it. In the previous example of f(x) = x + 1 we were talking about a function called f, but the lambda abstraction 𝜆x.x has no name. It’s an anonymous function (we all are familiar with this term, because it’s a very powerful idea and almost all imperative languages have some sort of implementation of it too). In the definition the dot separates the parameters of the lambda function from the body.

earlier Functional programming languages are based on Lambda Calculus, as we have learned a bit more about lambdas we can relate more about how they are connected. We might have heard the phrase Functions are first class citizens in functional languages. Lets explain that a bit. Imperative languages usually treat functions differently than other values(variables, objects and other inhabitants of a program) in the program though that is changing with omnipresence of lambdas(anonymous) function everywhere.

But in functional languages functions are just like any other value. You can toss function around, return another function from a function body, compose functions to build complex functionalities from simple functions and all sorts of cool things.

And if the function is a pure( like mathematical one) which always return the same output for the same input you don’t even need to care where the function is being evaluated, be it in another core of the same machine or in the cloud because you don’t need to care. All you want is the result of applying the function to an input.

Building Software is a complex task and Composability is a(or is the) way to handle complexity. You start with simple building blocks and compose them to build complex program to solve complex problems. Pure functions are such building blocks.

In a way, programs in functional languages are like reducing expressions(remember beta reduction from last paragraph). The compilers continue evaluating expressions until it reaches a point when it can’t reduce the expression anymore and the execution is complete.

x -(Variable)

A character or string representing a parameter or mathematical/logical value

(λx.M) -(AbstractionFunction)

 definition (M is a lambda term). The variable x becomes bound in the expression.

(M N) -(ApplicationApplying)

 a function to an argument. M and N are lambda terms.

References

Images

https://bit.ly/2UU9AVY

https://bit.ly/2ByXvhK

Other

https://bit.ly/2EdUSE1

https://bit.ly/1TsPkGn 

https://bit.ly/2Szi3RP

Question 4

What is meant by “no side-effects” and “referential transparency” in functional programming?

Referential Transparency

Referential transparency is a property of a specific part of a program or a programming language, especially functional programming languages like Haskell and R. An expression in a program is said to be referentially transparent if it can be replaced with its value and the resulting behavior is the same as before the change. This means that the program's behavior is not changed whether the input used is a reference or an actual value that the reference is pointing to.

As programs are composed of subprograms, which are programs themselves, it applies to those subprograms, too. Subprograms may be represented, among other things, by methods. That means method can be referentially transparent, which is the case if a call to this method may be replaced by its return value:

int add(int a, int b) {    return a + b } int mult(int a, int b) {    return a * b; } int x = add(2, mult(3, 4));

In this example, the mult method is referentially transparent because any call to it may be replaced with the corresponding return value. This may be observed by replacing mult(3, 4) with 12:

int x = add(2, 12)

In the same way, add(2, 12) may be replaced with the corresponding return value, 14:

int x = 14;

None of these replacements will change the result of the program, whatever it does. 

side effect

Functional programming is based on the simple premise that your functions should not have side effects; they are considered evil in this paradigm. If a function has side effects we call it a procedure, so functions do not have side effects. We consider that a function has a side effect if it modifies a mutable data structure or variable, uses IO, throws an exception or halts an error; all of these things are considered side effects. The reason why side effects are bad is because, if you had them, a function can be unpredictable depending on the state of the system; when a function has no side effects we can execute it anytime, it will always return the same result, given the same input. 

Simply side effect refers simply to the modification of some kind of state - for instance:

Changing the value of a variable;

Writing some data to disk;

Enabling or disabling a button in the User Interface.

References

https://bit.ly/2GsOFGv

https://bit.ly/2X5qYsP

https://bit.ly/2UYMLR9

https://bit.ly/2BA9Li4

https://bit.ly/2nG5zHG

Question 5

Key features of Object Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. A feature of objects is that an object’s procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of “this” or “self”). In OOP, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another.[1][2]There is significant diversity of OOP languages, but the most popular ones are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which typically also determine their type.

Many of the most widely used programming languages (such as C++, Object Pascal, Java, Python etc.) are multi-paradigm programming languages that support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree, typically in combination with imperative, procedural programming. Significant object-oriented languages include Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Object Pascal, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala, Common Lisp, and Smalltalk.

OOP Characteristics:

Objects

Classes

Data Abstraction

Encapsulation

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Objects:

In other words object is an instance of a class.

Classes:

These contain data and functions bundled together under a unit. In other words class is a collection of similar objects. When we define a class it just creates template or Skelton. So no memory is created when class is created. Memory is occupied only by object. In other words classes acts as data types for objects.

Data Hiding:

This concept is the main heart of an Object oriented programming. The data is hidden inside the class by declaring it as private inside the class. When data or functions are defined as private it can be accessed only by the class in which it is defined. When data or functions are defined as public then it can be accessed anywhere outside the class. Object Oriented programming gives importance to protecting data which in any system. This is done by declaring data as private and making it accessible only to the class in which it is defined. This concept is called data hiding. But one can keep member functions as public.

Encapsulation:

The technical term for combining data and functions together as a bundle is encapsulation.

Inheritance:

Inheritance as the name suggests is the concept of inheriting or deriving properties of an exiting class to get new class or classes. In other words we may have common features or characteristics that may be needed by number of classes. So those features can be placed in a common tree class called base class and the other classes which have these charaterisics can take the tree class and define only the new things that they have on their own in their classes. These classes are called derived class. The main advantage of using this concept of inheritance in Object oriented programming is it helps in reducing the code size since the common characteristic is placed separately called as base class and it is just referred in the derived class. This provide the users the important usage of terminology called as reusability

Polymorphism and Overloading:

Poly refers many. So Polymorphism as the name suggests is a certain item appearing in different forms or ways. That is making a function or operator to act in different forms depending on the place they are present is called Polymorphism.

And due to this all future object oriented programming language like c++, java are more popular in use .

References

Images

https://bit.ly/2tpi5g9

Other

https://bit.ly/2zV49xn

https://bit.ly/20Rx76M

Question 6

How the event-driven programming is different from other programming paradigms?

Event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of program execution is determined by events - for example a user action such as a mouse click, key press, or a message from the operating system or another program. An event-driven application is designed to detect events as they occur, and then deal with them using an appropriate event-handling procedure. The idea is an extension of interrupt-driven programming of the kind found in early command-line environments such as DOS, and in embedded systems (where the application is implemented as firmware). 

References

https://bit.ly/2X60aJ5

https://che.gg/2SSmxCj

https://bit.ly/2ylqy6S

Question 7

 Compiled languages, Scripting languages, and Markup languages.

Programming Languages

A programming language is simply a set of rules that tells a computer system what to do and how to do it. It gives the computer instructions for performing a particular task. A programming language consists of a series of well-defined steps which the computer must strictly follow in order to produce the desired output. Failure to follow the steps as it has been defined will result in an error and sometimes the computer system won’t perform as intended.These instructions are usually written by programmers who have an in-depth knowledge about a particular programming language. They are not only knowledgeable about the syntax of that language but also they have mastered the data structures and algorithms used for that language. This is because the basic function of a programming language is to translate the input data into meaningful output.

Markup languages

From the name, we can easily tell that a markup language is all about visuals and looks. Basically, this is the primary role of markup languages. They are used for the presentation of data. They determine the final outlook or appearance of the data that needs to be displayed on the software. Two of the most powerful markup languages are HTML and XML. If you have used both of these two languages, you should be aware of the impact that they can have on a website in terms of the aesthetics.

A properly utilized HTML with the help of CSS will result in a beautiful or stunning website. Markup languages are characterized by tags which are used for defining elements in the document. They are human-readable because they contain normal texts.

There are different types of markup languages and each one of them is designed to perform a specific role. For instance, the primary role of HTML is to give a structure to the website and its component. On the other hand, XML was designed to store and transport structured data. If you are planning to be a front-end developer, consider sharpening your knowledge on markup languages.

Scripting language

A scripting language is a type of language that is designed to integrate and communicate with other programming languages. Examples of commonly used scripting languages include JavaScript, VBScript, PHP among others. There are mostly used in conjunction with other languages, either programming or markup languages. For example, PHP which is a scripting language is mostly used in conjunction with HTML. It is safe to say that all scripting languages are programming languages, but not all programming languages are scripting languages.

One of the differences between scripting languages and programming languages is in terms of compilation. While it is a must for a programming to be compiled, scripting languages are interpreted without being compiled. It is important to note that scripting languages are interpreted directly from the source code.

Due to the absence of the compilation process, scripting languages are a bit faster than the programming languages. In recent years, we have seen a widespread use of scripting languages in developing the client side of web applications.

References

Images

https://bit.ly/2V1FGiM

Other

https://bit.ly/2V1FGiM

Question 8

Role of the virtual runtime machines.

A runtime system, also called run-time system, runtime environment or run-time environment, primarily implements portions of an execution model. This is not to be confused with the runtime lifecycle phase of a program, during which the runtime system is in operation. Most languages have some form of runtime system that provides an environment in which programs run. This environment may address a number of issues including the layout of application memory, how the program accesses variables, mechanisms for passing parameters between procedures, interfacing with the operating system, and otherwise. The compiler makes assumptions depending on the specific runtime system to generate correct code. Typically the runtime system will have some responsibility for setting up and managing the stack and heap, and may include features such as garbage collection, threads or other dynamic features built into the language.

Example:  Java virtual machine

A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required of a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform.

References

https://bit.ly/2TLEH61

https://bit.ly/2V2lkpz

Question 9

How the JS code is executed  (What is the runtime? where do you find the interpreter?)

What is JavaScript? JavaScript is primarily a client-side language. JavaScript started at Netscape, a web browser developed in the 1990s. A webpage can contain embedded JavaScript, which executes when a user visits the page. The language was created to allow web developers to embed executable code on their webpages, so that they could make their webpages interactive, or perform simple tasks. Today, browser scripting remains the main use-case of JavaScript.

The runtime environment provides the built-in libraries that are available to the program at runtime (during execution). So, if you're going to use the Window object or the DOM API in the browser, those would be included in the browser's JS runtime environment. A Node.js runtime includes different libraries, say, the Cluster and FileSystem APIs. Both runtimes include the built-in data types and common facilities such as the Console object.

Chrome and Node.js therefore share the same engine (Google's V8), but they have different runtime (execution) environments.

In a way, the runtime is to the engine what the linker is to the compiler in a traditional compiled language.

Unlike C and other compiled languages, Javascript runs in a container - a program that reads your js codes and runs them. This program must do two things

parse your code and convert it to runnable commands

provide some objects to javascript so that it can interact with the outside world.

The first part is called Engine and the second is Runtime.

For example, the Chrome Browser and node.js use the same Engine - V8, but their Runtimes are different: in Chrome you have the window, DOM objects etc, while node gives you require, Buffers and processes.

A JavaScript  interpreter is a program or an engine which executes JavaScript code. A JavaScript engine can be implemented as a standard interpreter, or just-in-time compiler that compiles JavaScript to bytecode in some form. 

JavaScript is an interpreted language, not a compiled language. A program such as C++ or Java needs to be compiled before it is run. The source code is passed through a program called a compiler, which translates it into bytecode that the machine understands and can execute. In contrast, JavaScript has no compilation step. Instead, an interpreter in the browser reads over the JavaScript code, interprets each line, and runs it. More modern browsers use a technology known as Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, which compiles JavaScript to executable bytecode just as it is about to run.

References

https://bit.ly/2SH1eR1

https://bit.ly/2SS7g4n

https://bit.ly/2UVp9g0

https://bit.ly/2wqRanM

https://stanford.io/2J5Rev1

Question 10

How the output of an HTML document is rendered, indicating the tools used to display the output.

A web browser is a piece of software that loads files from a remote server (or perhaps a local disk) and displays them to you — allowing for user interaction.

However, within a browser there exists a piece of software called the browser engine.

Within different browsers, there’s a part of the browser that figures out what to display to you based on the files it receives. This is called the browser engine.

The browser engine is a core software component of every major browser, and different browser manufacturers call their engines by different names.

The browser engine for Firefox is called Gecko, and that of Chrome is called Blink, which happens to be a fork of Webkit. Don’t let the names confuse you. They are just names. Nothing serious.

 Browser engine is the key software responsible for what we’re discussing.

Sending & receiving information

This is not supposed to be a computer science networks class, but you may remember that data is sent over the internet as “packets” sized in bytes.

The point I’m trying to make is that when you write some HTML, CSS and JS, and attempt to open the HTML file in your browser, the browser reads the raw bytes of HTML from your hard disk (or network).

 The browser reads the raw bytes of data, and not the actual characters of code you have written.

The browser receives the bytes of data but it can’t really do anything with it.

The raw bytes of data must be converted to a form it understands.

This is the first step.

From raw bytes of HTML to DOM

What the browser object needs to work with is a Document Object Model (DOM) object.

So, how is the DOM object derived?

Well, pretty simple.

Firstly, the raw bytes of data are converted into characters.

You may see this with the characters of code you have written. This conversion is done based on the character encoding of the html file.

At this point, the browser’s gone from raw bytes of data to the actual characters in the file.

Characters are great, but they aren’t the final result.

These characters are further parsed into something called tokens.

So, what are these tokens?

A bunch of characters in a text file does not do the browser engine a lot of good.

Without this tokenization process, the bunch of characters will just result in a bunch of meaningless text i.e html code — that doesn’t produce an actual website.

When you save a file with the .html extension, you signal to the browser engine to interpret the file as an html document. The way the browser “interprets” this file is by first parsing it.

In the parsing process, and particularly during tokenization, every start and end html tags in the file are accounted for.

The parser understands each string in angle brackets e.g "<html>", "<p>", and understands the set of rules that apply to each of them. For example, a token that represents an anchor tag will have different properties from one that represents a paragraph token.

Conceptually, you may see a token as some sort of data structure that contains information about a certain html tag. Essentially, an html file is broken down into small units of parsing called tokens. This is how the browser begins to understand what you’ve written.

Tokens are great, but they are also not our final result.

After the tokenization is done, the tokens are then converted into nodes.

You may think of nodes as distinct objects with specific properties. In fact, a better way to explain this is to see a node as a separate entity within the document object tree.

Nodes are great, but they still aren’t the final results.

Now, here’s the final bit.

Upon creating these nodes, the nodes are then linked in a tree data structure known as the DOM.

The DOM establishes the parent-child relationships, adjacent sibling relationships etc.

The relationship between every node is established in this DOM object.

Now, this is something we can work with.

If you remember from web design 101, you don’t open the CSS or JS file in the browser to view a webpage. No. You open the HTML file, most times in the form index.html

This is exactly why you do so: the browser must go through transforming the raw bytes of html data into the DOM before anything can happen.

Depending on how large the html file is, the DOM construction process may take some time. No matter how small, it does take some time (no matter how minute) regardless of the file size.

References

https://bit.ly/2E4iehe

Question 11

Different types of CASE tools, Workbenches, and Environments for different types of software systems (web-based systems, mobile systems, IoT systems, etc.)

Types of CASE tools

Classic CASE tools - established software development support tools (e.g. interactive debuggers, compilers, etc.)

Real CASE tools - can be separated into three different categories, depending on where in the development process they are most involved in:

Upper - support analysis and design phases

Lower - support coding phase

Integrated - also known as I-CASE support analysis, design and coding phases

Upper and lower CASE tools are named as such because of where the phases they support are in the Waterfall Model (see below)

References

https://fla.st/2N98YsT

https://bit.ly/2tmwXvF

Question 12

Difference between framework, library, and plugin, giving some examples.

Library vs framework

The key difference between a library and a framework is "Inversion of Control". When you call a method from a library, you are in control. But with a framework, the control is inverted: the framework calls you.

A library is just a collection of class definitions. The reason behind is simply code reuse, i.e. get the code that has already been written by other developers. The classes and methods normally define specific operations in a domain specific area. For example, there are some libraries of mathematics which can let developer just call the function without redo the implementation of how an algorithm works.

In framework, all the control flow is already there, and there's a bunch of predefined white spots that you should fill out with your code. A framework is normally more complex. It defines a skeleton where the application defines its own features to fill out the skeleton. In this way, your code will be called by the framework when appropriately. The benefit is that developers do not need to worry about if a design is good or not, but just about implementing domain specific functions.

Frameworks  vs  plugins

Frameworks provide functionality, which programs must be written to use; plugins extend something else's functionality, usually in a way that doesn't require rewriting existing programs to use. You may well use both, with a framework that provides a basic interface and plugins that add functionality to the interface.

Library vs  plugins

The main difference between plugin and library is that a plugin is an extension that improves the capabilities of an application while a library is a collection of classes and functions that helps to develop a software.

EXAMPLES:

Framework.

Popular examples include ActiveX and .NET for Windows development, Cocoa for Mac OS X, Cocoa Touch for iOS, and the Android Application Framework forAndroid. Software development kits (SDKs) are available for each of these frameworks and include programming tools designed specifically for the corresponding framework.

Plugins

Web browsers have historically allowed executables as plug-ins, though they are now mostly deprecated. (These are a different type of software module than browser extensions.) Two plug-in examples are the Adobe Flash Player for playing videos and a Java virtual machine for running applets.

library

library is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development. These may include configuration data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written code and subroutines, classes, values or type specifications. In IBM's OS/360 and its successors they are referred to as partitioned data sets.

 References

https://bit.ly/2eL9dI8

https://bit.ly/2TLVFkG

https://bit.ly/2BF8LJo

https://bit.ly/2GGkACF

https://bit.ly/2X6AQlW

https://bit.ly/2T07G9f

[webpagedesignersforsmallbus-blog]

Web Page Design Program

If you're a new comer to planning a web page then they're many things you will need to learn about how a web site is organized and the things you are able to do with a website page. My suggestion for the novice is to locate a web page design instrument that delivers step-by-step directions and allows you to position and click to create your online web design agency. Next we've to choose why we're developing a net page. Though that may seem like a foolish issue it is important in whether we could work with a easy web site style instrument or if we need one with increased tools and options. Most of the website design instruments provided by many of the websites vendors are discover for a simple profile form web page, but when you will use your web site to make money over the internet then you will require a website style software that's a little more sophisticated. That provides people to your next place, how detail by detail may our web page have to be. Again, if you should be just getting started and there isn't a lot going on your own page then you can use a quite simple web page style software versus an intricate HTML editor. If you do not have much experience you then may wish to find a web page style tool that is user friendly however enables you to make a skilled looking page. Most web site design tool or HTML authors will need a basic understanding of HTML rule and just how to formulate a web page, if you are company knew to developing a website then you are planning to own to often spend some time studying HTML code or locate a step by step form web page style tool. At first I indicate starting off with the simpler website style tool then work your path to the more technical types after you have some knowledge making web pages. Price is still another problem to consider. A web page design instrument value will vary from free to a few hundred dollars. A notice about free web site style instruments, the majority of the types you find can have several limitations and you will soon find yourself seeking from a new program. But there's also number purpose to venture out and buy the most expensive web site style tool out there. You will find a number of them at a very good price that will do all you will need to do. Remember, when selecting a web site design tool think of just how much assist you to will require, how step-by-step your web site is likely to be and what your allowance is. Happy Web Site Designing. A web site style plan is a very effective software that allows you to build and handle a specialist web page with ease, control and efficiency. So what must you appear for in a web page design program and what type web page style applications are available? First you need to figure out how significantly you want to spend, how skilled you're in web page design and just how much time you wish to invest making your online page. As we solution these issues then we could search at different web page design programs. You will find amount of various website design plan available for you yourself to look at: A web page design program that accompany your online supplier, MSN, Yahoo, AOL or of another page form internet sites are available at number cost. These web page design applications are quite easy to use however the have some drawbacks as well. If you are using one of these brilliant to create your web site you'll encounter limitations on ways to modify your page and you should have advertisements on your own site that you have number control over. Another type of website design plan can be your complete fledge HTML Editor. These types of web site style programs include programs like Espresso Glass HTML Editor, Entrance Page and Dreamweaver. Now these applications allows you to do just about anything you are designed for but they need experience developing webpages and although they contain aesthetic writers you can still have issues creating your web page if that you do not know what you are doing.

[giannisbct-blog]

I “LIKE” programming

Well just like this blog, when it came to the like system, I wasn’t entirely sure where to start. I had started working on this before we had decided to go with AR built in Unity so I figured I would get the mechanics working and then be able to transfer them into Unity. Initially when we were thinking of building a physical model or projection mapping, I was going to have the like button on a webpage so that anyone could access it, an inherently thats where I started. I had the thought of using a python script to build the whole back end mechanic of the system and that data would be passed from the user via the webpage, and after quickly running this by Liam (who has done something similar before) he agreed that it would be the easiest way and we could have multiple users at once which is what we wanted. I built the most basic version of the “front end” part so that someone could input their name and then like it so the likes would be attributed to them, just like it is on social media.

Liam recommended using the flask module for Python to host the server (and webpage for testing). Once I had installed that I managed to get a connection between the two and even by complete fluke was getting it to receive data from multiple devices and be able to register that it was from different devices. I personally was stoked about this because it was 90% of the like system working but then Liam pointed out, as we don’t know why it worked, if it stopped working we also wouldn’t be able to pick out why. I figured it was in my best interests to learn the best practice for this rather than get the minimum working version as it would be great reference material for the future. In these early stages, Liam helped me a lot by explaining why one way was better than another and generally guiding me through which was super helpful as I was almost coming from no coding background. The main think I am super grateful for is him introducing me to JSON, which I’ll be honest was an absolute pain at first but I now realise it was definitely the best way to go as it was far more reliable and actually made sense. So essentially what was happening is that the HTML page was passing the name that was submitted by the user, to the python script every time the like button was clicked. The script would then add a new value to its own defined variable “like” and count them like that. The bonus of doing it like this is that if someone played once and then after a while came back too have another go, their “score” would compound and keep increasing. On that note though the downside is that if two users input the same name they will have a super score rather than two separate scores. While this would be a downside for an actual game where the score would need to be counted from just one game at a time and not an overall total, for our project it sort of just adds to it. The idea is that the more people “like” the disaster that happens, the more it proves our point that social media is building a screen which separates people from reality and that they can simply click a button to show their support, and the more they do that, the more they are helping? Or at least thats the theory.

In the past when it has come to doing small code projects I have looked up how to do something, found code that suited my need, copied it and then tweaked it to properly fit my programme. However, this doesn’t mean I necessarily understood it which is something I wanted to do differently this time. As this was basically my main role in the team, I wanted to make sure I would be able to explain to other people how it worked rather than have a piece that worked but just because it did. Which I guess relates to this whole degree itself, nothing is really taught to us (especially in studio) and its all self directed so we need to learn the skills ourselves and in this day in age when you don’t need a computer science degree to become a developer but simply be able to copy code from different places to suit your programme, I believe it is quite important to know what you are doing because I the future it will make me far more efficient. And its the learning by doing thing that works really well for me that I like. For example when it came to having to deal with GET requests from both the server and user side, I had done something similar before with the instagram location finder programme that I had had a play with earlier in the semester, and because I had used it before I sort of knew how it worked but then I had the code itself I could look through again and figure out why it worked and what parts I could omit for this different programme. I have to say, I think this semester I have learned more about programming from simply trial and error, Liam and online tutorials than I did in all of last year where I did both programming papers. It was also great to learn this in a group setting where the other team members also are not super coding savvy as trying to explain what I was doing or why I couldn’t do something that we wanted to do due to the nature of the system that I was writing in non technical terms helped clarify what I was doing for myself. I would certainly like to keep doing more programming projects in the future to further develop my skills and learn new things.

Transferring the user side to Unity was a whole different box of frogs though. First of all Unity is all scripted in C# which I have never used before (but luckily is similar to java which I had dabbled in with processing last year) but the whole mechanic of connecting to a server is made a lot more difficult as all requests need to be sent through a Coroutine. Which I’ll be honest, I had never heard of until I stumbled across a million Stack Overflow forums that explained that that is what you have to use. I think I have got my head around them mostly but there are still some things about them that elude me, for example everywhere (including the Unity manual) it says that they end when they hit a “return”, but I have coroutines that have functions or call new functions still enclosed in the coroutine but after the return type and it still calls them (see below).

They also supposedly run for their specified length (of time) regardless where they are called, i.e will run for 6 seconds if told to after being called from the Update( ) function. However, I have found that in some of my code this works, in other parts it just sort of ignores that rule and sometimes it waits for a wee while longer than the instructed time. So its not totally something that I fully understand but I know it enough to be able to use it in the right places and the majority of the function of the Unity scene is run by coroutines so I am clearly doing something right. I like to think of it as a poorly trained animal, I know the commands and the animal knows what they mean but sometimes chooses to do its own thing.

Another major challenge I had was dealing with JSON, for starters sending the exact same data as I was from the webpage but through unity, it was as if it was parson the data into JSON and then parsing the JSON into more JSON even though the commands where almost the same, so on the python side I had to update it so that it decoded the incoming JSON properly so it was then actually processed logically. This brought in a whole world of problems in itself as then the data that was being sent back to the user was all jumbled and messed up which was less than ideal as it felt I had actually gone backwards rather than made progress. But as I have learned from this project, every new error you get means that you are making progress as you have made it past the previous error. After all of that though, I did get it working.

Once I had done all of that, I realised that it was a perfectly functioning Like system that recorded multiple user’s scores and could compound them and it was perfect, but only once. There was no way to restart it without stopping the whole application and going again. So there was the next challenge which proved a lot more difficult that initially suspected mainly due to how referencing different Game Objects is from a script and even harder, referencing the scripts of those Game Objects which is what caused me many hours of strife. To make matters more difficult as well, Unity doesn’t appreciate all the things you could normally do in a C# script so you have to find ways around its very stubborn walls which in my case lead to many, many scripts. Doesn’t sound like such a terrible thing but to make sure each was working correctly I was logging things to the debug console from almost every script so then when I wanted to look for a specific message I was sending to try and get something working, it became a whole lot harder because there were 20+ scripts that were all printing to the console. But once again, I am a champion and figured it out.

As I write this I realise that it doesn’t sound that difficult and didn’t take that long but the code for the like system has been haunting me at night and has been an ongoing saga for weeks . I certainly have learned heaps and am happy with my process that I undertook. However, if I was to do it again knowing what I know now, I would skip out the HTML part and just go straight for the C# scrips because I think that transition was the hardest part of this whole process. In HTML (with javascript) it is easy to do everything all in on document but with C#, you can’t send data and also receive it in the same script, you need to separate them into multiple scripts which is where confusion starts manifesting as you try and think across multiple scripts and have to remember what each one is referencing and how it will then affect the other one. The issue with backend systems as well is you don’t overtly see your mistake as you would with front end because either something happens or it doesn’t and if it doesn’t you then have to comb through your code to find the broken section and find out what is messing you up. Overall I think this is what I found the most frustrating as I have only really done mainly front end development rather than back end, but this project was certainly a great insight into it. Now as for this whole project once we got on a roll, I obviously stopped blogging as I got so engrossed in the work which I do understand is not the best practice but as we were pushed for time (having left it so late to start doing something) I focused solely on getting the work done and from an outsider’s perspective the final product doesn’t really show how much work went into the programming of it, so I have uploaded all my scripts to GitHub so you can have a look at them, and also see how things work if you are interested: https://github.com/JabronusMaximus/ARcde-Scripts

[beseenwebgraphic]

Top 10 Tips for Choosing a Web Designer for Your Business Web Site

The most effective method to choose a Web Design Firm

Straightforward. You get your work done on them. Then, at that point, you begin posing inquiries and taking notes. There are a lot of Web Design Companies Canberra. You need to go with the best on the grounds that, indeed, your website specialist is fundamentally your accomplice. You need to pick a creator that approaches YOUR business in a serious way.

What inquiries do you pose?

There are a few significant inquiries to pose to while picking a website specialist for your business site.

Making your site can be an interesting interaction. Picking the best website composition firm for your business site is a vital choice. What's more assuming your organization resembles most independent companies, you presumably don't have website architecture experience. Building your site will take time and work. Furthermore working with a website specialist is no simple assignment. So pick the right website composition organization from the begin and keep away from do-once gain’s, which can be expensive and tedious.

1. What sort of web experience do you have?

First of all, discover what sort of configuration experience your potential plan firm has. Do they have insight with content administration frameworks like Joomla or Drupal, do they have experience working with "crude" HTML? Has the website architecture organization made sites like yours? Do they have applicable industry experience? To sell items through your site and acknowledge Visa installments, does the website architecture organization you are thinking about have insight with web based business facilitating?

2. Do you have a portfolio that I right?

An accomplished website architecture organization will have a strong arrangement of sites that they have made for different clients. Request connects to other site the plan organization has made and survey every one. Do you like what you see? Do the locales have a style that requests to you?

3. Do you have any references?

As well as investigating sites, request client references. Contact their clients and get some information about their involvement in the website architecture organization. Is it true that they were content with the outcomes? Did they get what they paid for? What amount did they pay? Could they suggest them? How since quite a while ago did it take? What didn't they like with regards to the organization? How responsive was the organization when they had questions?

4. What are your costs?

The main advance in evaluating is to ensure the potential plan organization diagram each of the costs related with the work and carefully records everything. Never go into an arrangement except if each of the expenses are surely known front and center.

Get some information about how they oversee installments. Assuming they react in a very efficient and expert way, this is a decent sign. On the off chance that they toss out answers like - "Relax, we'll figure something out" or "Anything you are alright with", don't be tricked. This is inconvenience in the works. Get the cost recorded as a hard copy before you start the undertaking.

5. Do you have insight with website streamlining?

Most entrepreneurs don't have it in their financial plan to employ a different advertising firm to deal with site improvement (SEO), so it basic that your website specialist have insight in SEO. A decent planner will realize that plan and SEO go inseparably. Planning a site for web crawlers with "clean" code that uses falling templates is fundamental to getting your substance recorded in the main web search tools, like Google and Bing.

6. Do you have insight with online media showcasing?

Many advertising firms truly do understand anything about web-based media promoting. These organizations are trapped previously and are not quite as viable as they profess to be. Be certain that you work with a fashioner that knows how to arrangement a Facebook fan page for your business and plan a tweaked Twitter profile. This is significant in light of the fact that you will need your web-based media properties to work with the plan of your site. The site and web-based media pages should supplement each other.

7. What is your cycle for planning or building a site?

Ensure you ask your potential website composition organization about the interaction that they use? Do they plan a site or do they construct a site? An accomplished Internet expert ought to comprehend the contrast between these two ideas. In the event that they don't, they're presumably not quite as experienced as they guarantee to be. Building a site is an exceptionally specialized cycle, while planning a site is a profoundly inventive approach. Many promoting firms have some expertise in web architecture which doesn't really need any web advancement abilities at all. Simultaneously, many firms configuration sites, yet out-source the innovative piece of the task. Determine from the start what the interaction if for the firm that you are thinking about.

8. What amount of time will it require?

Hairsplitting can be an enormous hindrance in the speedy universe of the Internet. A few architects can't think twice about quality and time to showcase needs. Test: See how long it requires until you get a proposition.

9. What sort of help is presented after site send off?

In the event that your plan firm doesn't offer site upkeep, you should keep looking. Most legitimate plan firms will offer "post-send off" upkeep for organizations that don't have an in-house website admin.

10. Which web facilitating suppliers do you work with?

In the event that your plan firm doesn't have the foggiest idea about the main names of the contact at their cherished website architecture firm, then, at that point, this should raise a warning. Most respectable website specialists know not to pick a web have basically on the grounds that they are the most well-known or on the grounds that they offer the least expensive web facilitating. A respectable website architecture firm should know who to call and how to get results! Does your website specialist work with a green facilitating organization? Harmless to the ecosystem web facilitating is turning out to be increasingly better known for business sites hoping to carry out an eco-strategy.

Getting a little acknowledgment on the W3 is hard, even in a specialty market (particularly in a specialty market). You have under 10 seconds to persuade a site guest to stay close by to the point of finding out with regards to the nature of your administrations, your items or your message. Web surfers are rugged out on data over-burden. To see on your landing page or a greeting page, they bob. Thus, saying something about your corporate culture and your business' basic beliefs needs to occur quickly. Guests won't ever even see the "About Us" page in the event that you don't make a decent impression - in 10 seconds. Along these lines, practice environmental awareness! An image or standard announcing that you utilize green facilitating offers a prompt expression about your on-line business. It says you care about the climate.

Get your work done while picking a website composition firm.

Great planners are innovative individuals that need to consider out the case. Observing a decent website specialist is getting increasingly hard. The great originators are being grabbed by organizations and huge tasks. They are over-burden with work and frequently, you won't be aware of them since they don't have time (or need) to showcase themselves. Getting your work done and posing the right inquiries is vital to choose if they are appropriate for the gig.

 For More Info, Visit Us:

Web Designer Canberra

Graphic Design Service in Canberra

Web Design Company Canberra

[professionalbusinessservice]

Everything you Want to Know About Web Development

Technology plays a massive part in our daily lives, from the most basic of apps to the most groundbreaking innovations. Web developers have created every web page or website we see. But what exactly is web development, and what is a web developer's job?

This field may appear to be complicated, confusing, and it's an inaccessible field in some ways. So, to provide insights into this fascinating industry, we've put together an essential overview of Web development and the various steps you need to take to become an expert web developer. Best website development usa

This article will discuss the fundamentals of web development and will outline the essential abilities and tools you'll need to succeed in this field. Before you embark on the field of Web Development, read through the article to find out whether web development is the right choice for you. Once you have decided, begin to learn the fundamental techniques. Website Development Services in USA

What is Web Development

Web design is developing websites and apps for the web or private networks. Web development does not care about the appearance and layout of websites; instead, it's focused on the programming and coding that manages the website's functionality. web development company in usa

From the most straightforward, static web pages to applications and platforms for social media that range from websites for e-commerce to Content management systems (CMS), Web developers have designed all the tools we use through the internet.

Front-end Vs. Back-end development

Web Development is generally classified into Back-end development and Front-end development. Therefore, if you're planning to try a career path with web-based development, you must be aware of the meanings of both terms.

Front-end developers

Front-end developers create what clients can see, and it refers to the user interface. The front-end is developed by blending various technologies, including Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), JavaScript, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Front-end developers develop components that provide user experience in the site's or application, such as menus, dropdowns, buttons pages, connections procedures, and more. A full-stack developer can design and develop both the front-end and the behind-end components of an app.

Back-end development

While back-end developers create the infrastructure that supports it, the "back-end" signifies the server and the application and database working behind the scenes to transmit the information to the user. The back-end, also known as the server-side, comprises the server that provides data upon request, the application that handles it, and the database that organizes the information.

There are three choices from a professional aspect for web design. You can begin the journey as a front-end designer or back-end developer, or you could learn both and ultimately become fully-stack developers.

Once you've figured out the job outlook for web developers, we can look to the specific skills you'll have to master before you can embark on this exciting career. Then, start seeking out web development companies.

Skills Required for Web Development

Making a thousand lines of code and turning it into an online website is one of the most creative and complex tasks for websites developers if you are enthralled by appealing websites and want to explore web development. Anyone can become a web developer. There is no need to get an expensive education in software engineering to learn the necessary skills. 

HTML

HTML is for Hypertext Markup Language. It's among the principal elements of a site. As it is a front-end programming language, it is the site's foundation, primarily using tags.

CSS

CSS is Cascading Style Sheets. It defines the style behind the HTML structure and gives life to the look of websites. Without CSS, the page could look flat. 

JavaScript

JavaScript lets you add and include various elements into the pages of your website. Features such as interactive maps, 3D/2D graphics are attached to websites through JavaScript.

Application Programming Interface (API)

When developing websites, it is necessary to work extensively using APIs, which manage data from third parties. APIs allow web developers to make use of certain features without sharing code.

Authentication

There is a chance that you'll be in charge of user authentication to monitor users of a particular website. This could include allowing customers to log in and out, or log out or take specific actions through their accounts, or blocking a couple of pages for those that aren't registered.

The user's login security is intensely dependent on authentication. Therefore, it is essential to understand how to handle this function within your web application.

Back-end and Databases

After you have mastered the front-end, you have to move on and ensure that you know what is happening in the back-end. This is where the magic happens, and it is also where the entire information is kept.

Data is saved, altered, and then retrieved from databases. At present, we often utilize cloud-based frameworks such as Azure and AWS to manage the database. What you must know is the best way to handle the data in the database.

To do this, you'll need to know SQL (Structured SQL Query Language) and NoSQL (used for MongoDB and Firebase).

Generating Tests

Many developers view this process to be ineffective. If you are developing a small application, you may not need to create tests. However, suppose you're making an extensive application. It is advised to write tests and test cases as it will assist make the entire process more robust and, consequently, debugging is more accessible.

At first, you may be tempted to think you're inefficient, but afterward, you'll realize that it saves your time.In addition, there are additional abilities that are also needed:

The desire to continuously develop new skills and learn to improve

Keep up to date on the latest developments in the industry

Time management

Understanding UX

Multitasking

Web Development tools that you need to be aware of

The process of building a website that receives lots of attention isn't only about learning new programming languages. It would help if you were acquainted with specific web development tools that can aid you in full-stack website development.

We will go over some critical web development tools you should learn about as a web developer.

Git

Git is perhaps the most well-known framework for managing versions that many companies employ. There is a good chance that you will require working on this kind of version control when you begin your career as a web developer.

GitHub

GitHub is a platform for service which allows you to publish to Git repositories for hosting your codes. It is mainly used for collaborations, which allows developers to collaborate on projects.

Code Editor

If you are building a website, the most rudimentary web development tool you'll employ will be your editor for code or the IDE (Integrated Development Environment). This tool lets you write the markup and the code that will be used to build the website.

There are numerous options available. However, the most well-known code editor has to be VS Code. VS Code is a more light version from Visual Studio, Microsoft's primary IDE. It's quick, easy to use, and you can modify it with the themes you choose and add extensions.

Other editors for code include Atom, Sublime Text, and Vim. If you're starting, I suggest you look into VS Code, which you can download from their official website.

Browser DevTools

There are many things with browser DevTools such as troubleshooting editing HTML tags editing CSS properties, troubleshooting JavaScript issues, and others. Every web developer should be aware of the various tabs within DevTools to simplify their work and make it more efficient.

Based on the browser you are using You can choose to use any of the DevTools, including Chrome DevTools or Firefox DevTools or whatever browser you're using. Most people use Chrome DevTools to build, test, debug, and build an application on the web. However, it's dependent on the developer and the browser they are using to create the site.

[douchebagbrainwaves]

THIS IS GREAT NEWS FOR THE MARGINAL, WHO RETAIN THE ADVANTAGES OF BEING AN INSIDER, AND IN SOME KINDS OF WORK—THAT HACKING WAS COLD, PRECISE, AND METHODICAL, AND THAT HE DID ALL THE ACTUAL DESIGN OF THE APPLE I AND APPLE II IN HIS APARTMENT OR HIS CUBE AT HP

But gradually I realized it wasn't luck. We need a language that lets us scribble and smudge and smear, not a pen. For a long time I felt bad about this, just as in principle you could avoid it, just as writers and painters and architects do. But this mistake is less excusable than most. Boy, was I wrong. In hacking, like painting, work comes in cycles. So did Apple. But I've talked to a lot of servers and a lot of ideas come from the margin is simply that there's so much of it.1 I behave in a way that would make me eligible for prescription drugs if I approached everyday life the same way.

Over and over we see the same pattern. Maybe I'm excessively attached to conciseness.2 Chardin decided to skip all that and paint ordinary things as he saw them. But Cybercash was so bad and most stores' order volumes were so low that it was very remiss of me to have forgotten all that stuff within three weeks of the final exam.3 If I could get people to remember just one quote about programming, it would be a 900-page pastiche of existing popular novels—roughly Gone with the Wind plus Roots.4 In hacking, this can literally mean saving up bugs. It turns out there is, and the visual arts is the resistance of the medium. It's never so pure as it was when they were young.5 It wouldn't be the first time investors learned that lesson from founders.6 That phrase draws in most threads I've mentioned here.

Shakespeare appeared just as professional theater was being born, and pushed the medium so far that every playwright since has had to live in his shadow. The other problem with startups is that there are today. If I had only looked over at the other makers. But there are plenty of dumb people who are bad at empathy too.7 I had an uncomfortable feeling in the back of my mind that I ought to know more theory, and that means that investor starts to lose deals. So, if hacking works like painting and writing, is it as cool?8 Outsiders are not merely free but compelled to make things that are cheap and lightweight.9 When they're raising money, for example, what would happen if the government decided to commission someone to write an official Great American Novel. A better way to describe the situation would be to shirk it, but you'll have it all to yourself. Relentless. In particular, new things.10 This is already clear in cases like GPSes, music players, and cameras.

So it was literally IPO or bust. Imagine, for example. Most writers write to persuade, I'd start to shy away unconsciously from ideas I knew would be hard to sell. So that, I think. Inappropriate is the null criticism. It was like watching a car you're chasing turn down a street that you know has no outlet. Facebook did. So hackers start original, and get good, and get good, and get good, and get original. But in retrospect you're probably better off studying something moderately interesting with someone who isn't. There's nothing more than a slight stirring of discomfort. That's why oil paintings look so different from watercolors.

But I think the goal of an essay should be to discover surprising things.11 Some hackers are quite smart, but they can't have looked good on paper. You might as well open it. Particularly to young companies that are otherwise benevolent. Someone who doesn't know what these things are, either. Similarly, you shouldn't be discouraged by the comparatively corrupt test of college admissions, because it's a game you can't lose.12 And when you do it consciously you'll do it even better. How common is it for founders to keep control after an A round? If you're not sure what to do, and engineers figure out how to connect some company's legacy database to their Web server.13 Com of their name.

Considering how basic a red circle is, it seemed surprising to me when we started YC. There's a huge weight of tradition advising us to play it safe. The way I worked, it seemed surprising to me that any employer would be reluctant to let hackers work on open-source hacking is all about.14 But so do people who inherit money, and another for love. Give hackers an inch and they'll take you a mile. How long will it take to catch up with where you'd have been if you were extracting every penny?15 Not merely hardware, but software too. But this wasn't what made them eminent—it was more a flaw their eminence had allowed them to sink into. In hacking, like painting, work comes in cycles. This is what open-source projects. Add up all the evidence of VCs' behavior, and the key to the mystery is the old adage a word to the wise is sufficient.

The fact that you can change font sizes easily means the iPad effectively replaces reading glasses. Just wait till you've agreed on a price and think you have a US startup called X and you don't have to act like VCs. Programmers were seen as technicians who translated the visions if that is the word of product managers into code. When people walk by the portrait of Ginevra de Benci, their attention is often immediately arrested by it, even before they look at the work of a painter in chronological order, you'll find that each painting builds on things that could steal that prestige. That version 4. The puffed-up companies that went public during the Bubble didn't do it just because they were pulled into it by unscrupulous investment bankers. They ask whatever it is they're asking in such a roundabout way that the hosts often have to rephrase the question for them. Whereas hackers, from the start, are doing original work; it's just very bad. Since the custom is to write to persuade the actual reader, someone who doesn't will seem arrogant. If hackers identified with other makers, like writers and painters and architects do. I like debugging: it's the standard image.16 In return for the unique privilege of sharing his office with no other humans, he had to share it with 6 shrieking tower servers.

Notes

This is actually from the most, it's probably good grazing. One of the Daddy Model and reality is the last step in this evolution. I have a better education. So in effect why can't you be more like a body cavity search by someone who doesn't understand what you're doing.

Many of these companies substitute progress for revenue growth.

Yes, I didn't realize it yet or not, don't even want to approach a specific firm, the more effort you expend on the matter. I think it's confusion or lack of results achieved by alchemy and saying its value was as much what other people thought it was considered the most visible index of that generation had been raised religious and then just enjoy yourself for the same weight as any successful startup?

There are circumstances where this is not even be an inverse correlation between launch magnitude and success. It's hard for us, they have to say exactly what they're doing. Maybe that isn't the problem, we should make the fund by succeeding spectacularly.

That way most reach the stage where they're sufficiently convincing well before Demo Day. The continuing popularity of religion is the place for people interested in each type of thing. Though they were getting results.

We currently advise startups mostly to ignore what your GPA was. People and The CRM114 Discriminator.

A preliminary result, that all metaphysics between Aristotle and 1783 had been climbing in through the buzz that surrounds wisdom in ancient philosophy may be whether what you learn via users anyway. The University of Vermont, 1991. A round about the origins of the biggest discoveries in any field.

One VC who read this to realize that in fact they don't, but some do. You can relent a little too narrow than to confuse everyone with a base of evangelical Christians. On Bullshit, Princeton University Press, 1983. I called to check and in fact they don't have to.

When I was there when it was the ads they show first.

This is a case in point: lots of type II startups neither require nor produce startup culture.

In practice the first wave of hostile takeovers in the narrow technical sense of things economists usually think about, just as if it were. If they're dealing with YC companies that grow slowly tend not to say they care above all about big markets, why is New York. 0001. In a limited way, I should degenerate from words to their returns.

That's a valid point. Everyone's taught about it. 5 more I didn't.

The reason only 287 have valuations is that they've already decided what they're selling and how unbelievably annoying it is to let yourself feel it mid-game. So it's a collection itself. When I was surprised to find a kid and as a definition of property is driven by bookmarking, not an associate cold-emailing a startup. It would be to say yet how much you get nothing.

The main one was nothing special. For similar reasons, the users' need has to be a hot deal, I mean forum in the sense of the 1929 crash. And to a partner, not because Delicious users are not one of the 70s, moving to Monaco would only give you 11% more income, which a few months later Google paid 1.

The golden age of economic equality in the sample might be able to respond with extreme countermeasures. These points don't apply to types of studies, studies of returns from startup investing, which would cause HTTP and HTML to continue to maltreat people who start these supposedly smart investors may not be formally definable, but trained on corpora of stupid and non-stupid comments instead.

One of the biggest divergences between the initial plan and what the valuation of the founders chose? But becoming a police state. There is not that the most successful companies have been a good nerd, just that it is more efficient.

Thanks to Geoff Ralston, Trevor Blackwell, Neil Rimer, and Robert Morris for the lulz.

[erossiniuk]

Getting started with C# and Blazor

In this new post, I want to summarize what I understood for getting started with C# and Blazor, the new technology from Microsoft. I briefly spoke about Blazor in some other posts but here I want to introduce it properly.

We live in exciting times, as .NET developer’s life has never been better. We can create apps for any operating system be it Windows, Linux, iOS, Android or macOS. Of course, we can also build amazing web-based applications with ASP.NET. MVC, Razor Pages, and WebAPI have allowed us to create robust scalable and reliable systems for years, but there has long been a missing piece to the puzzle.

One thing all of ASP.NETs web solutions have in common is that they are server based. We’ve never been able to leverage the power of C# and .NET to write client-side applications, this has always been the domain of JavaScript.

So, I’m going to introduce you to a revolutionary client-side framework: Blazor. Built on web standards, Blazor allows us to write rich, engaging user interfaces using C# and .NET. We’ll explore how Blazor can make your development process more efficient and raise your productivity levels, especially if you’re using .NET on the server as well. We’ll cover hosting models, an important concept to understand when starting out with Blazor. We’ll look at both production supported models and the benefits and tradeoffs of each. Next, we’ll introduction components and the benefits of using them to build UIs. Finally, we’ll discuss the reasons why you should consider Blazor for your next project.

Table of contents

Why choose Blazor for new applications?

Pros

Components, a better way to build UI.

What is a component?

The benefits of a component-based UI

Components

Anatomy of a Blazor component

Understanding the code

Blazor, a platform for building modern UI with C#

No installation required

Mobile applications

Understanding hosting models

Blazor Electron

Code example

Mobile Blazor Bindings

Blazor WebAssembly

Process begin

DOM manipulation

blazor.boot.json

dotnet.wasm

Calculating UI Updates

Process explained

Benefits

Tradeoffs

Blazor WebAssembly summarize

Blazor Server

Process begins

Process static files

Calculating UI updates

Process explained

SignalR

DOM

Performance

The test

Testing

Benefits

Tradeoffs

Blazor Server summarize

Why choose Blazor for new applications?

Arguably, the hardest part of starting a new project in recent times has been choosing the tech stack, there is just so much choice available. This is especially true in the front-end world. Pick a framework (Angular, React, Vue), pick a language (TypeScript, CoffeeScript, Dart), pick a build tool (Webpack, Parcel, Browserify). If a team is new to this eco-system, it can seem an almost impossible task to try and work out which combination of technologies will help make the project a success; it’s even hard for teams with experience!

So, first in this getting started with C# and Blazor, let’s cover some of the top reasons for choosing Blazor for your next project and how it can help avoid some of the issues I’ve just mentioned.

Pros

C#, a modern and feature rich language – It’s powerful, easy to learn, and versatile

Great tooling – The .NET community has been fortunate to have some amazing tooling. Visual Studio is an extremely powerful, feature rich and extensible IDE. It’s also 100% free for individuals or non-enterprise teams of 5 or less. If you prefer something more lightweight, then there is Visual Studio Code – one of the most popular code editors today. Both Visual Studio and VS Code are both cross platform:

Visual Studio for Windows and Mac

Visual Studio Code for Windows, Mac and Linux.

.NET Ecosystem – While many new frameworks need to wait for an ecosystem to build up around them, Blazor can tap into the existing .NET ecosystem. Blazor applications target .NET Standard 2.1 and can in theory use any .NET Standard NuGet package.

Unopinionated – There are no preferred patterns or practices for Blazor development, you can write applications using the ones you’re familiar and comfortable with.

Shallow learning curve – If you’re an existing .NET developer then the learning curve for Blazor is quite shallow. Razor, C#, dependency injection, project structure will all look familiar to you. This means you can focus on writing features quicker, rather than learning the framework.

Code sharing – If you’re using C# on the server then Blazor makes an excellent paring. One of the most frustrating problems with different client and server languages is the inability to reuse code. With Blazor, everything is C#. Any shared code can be placed in a common .NET Standard class library and shared easily between server and client.

Open source – As with many projects at Microsoft, Blazor is fully open source and the code is freely available on GitHub for you to browse, download, or fork your own copy.

Components, a better way to build UI.

Blazor, as with many modern front-end frameworks, uses the concept of components to build the UI. Everything is a component, pages, parts of a page, layouts, they’re all components. There are various types of component in Blazor as well as multiple ways to write them all of which will be explored in future chapters. But learning to think in terms of components is essential for writing Blazor applications.

What is a component?

You can think of a component as a building block. You put these building blocks together to form your application. These building blocks can be as big or as small as you decide, however, building an entire UI as a single component wouldn’t be a good idea. Components really show their benefit when you think of them as a way to divide up logical areas of a UI. Let’s look at an example of a user interface structured as components.

Example of a layout divided into components

Each area of the interface is a component and each one has a certain responsibility. You may also notice that there is a hierarchy forming. The layout component sits at the top of the tree, the menu, header, home page and footer are all child components of the layout component. These child components could, and probably would have child components of their own. For example, the header component could contain a logo component and a search component.

Example of nesting components to form a component tree

The benefits of a component-based UI

Many UIs have repeating elements in them, a great advantage to using components is that you can define an element in a component and then reuse the component wherever the element repeats. This can drastically cut down on the amount of repeated code in an application. It also makes the maintainability of the application much better as if the design of that element changes you only need to update it in a single place.

To cater for more advanced scenarios, components can define their own APIs allowing data and events to be passed in and out. Imagine a line of business application, it’s probably safe to assume that within that app there would be lots of places data would be displayed in table format. One approach would be to create each table as its own component, however, this would mean we would end up with a lot of components which displayed data in a table.

A better approach would be to define a single component which took in a dataset as a parameter and then displayed it in a table. Now we have a single component for displaying data in a table that we can reuse all over the application. We could also add features to this component, things such as sorting or paging. As we do, this functionality is automatically available to all the tables in the application as they are all reusing the same component.

Components

Components help speed up the development process. Due to the reusable nature of components, using them often leads to shorter development times. They can be composed together.

While usually self-contained, it’s also possible to have components work together to create more complex UI. For example, let’s take the data table scenario we just talked about, that could be a single component but that could potentially be quite large.

Another approach would be to divide it up into several smaller components, each performing a certain job. We could have a table header component, a table body component even a table cell component. Each of these components are performing a specific job but they are still part of the overall table component.

Anatomy of a Blazor component

Now, in this post getting started with C# and Blazor, we have a better idea of what components are in a general sense, let’s look at an example of a component in Blazor. For this we’re going to grab a component from the Blazor project template.

In figure 1.3 we can see an example of a component from Blazors standard project template, Counter.razor.

The sections of a component in Blazor

This particular component is known as a routable component, as it has a page directive declared at the top. Routable components are essentially a page in the application. When the user navigates to the /counter route in the application, this component will be loaded by Blazor router. It displays a simple counter with a button and when the user clicks on the button the count is incremented by one and the new value displayed to the user.

Understanding the code

While understanding the code isn’t important at this point, we can understand the structure of the component. Figure 1.3 is divided up into three sections each has a certain responsibility.

Section 1 is used to define directives, add using statements, inject dependencies, or other general configuration which applies to the whole component.

Section 2 defines the markup of the component; this is written using the Razor language, a mix of C# and HTML. Here we define the visual elements which make up the component.

Section 3 is the code block. This is used to define the logic of the component. It is possible to write any valid C# code into this section. You can define fields, properties, even entire classes if you wish.

Blazor, a platform for building modern UI with C#

Blazor is a fully featured framework for building modern client-side applications using the power of C# and .NET. Allowing developers to build engaging applications which work across nearly any platform – including web, mobile and desktop.

Blazor is an alternative to JavaScript frameworks and libraries such as Angular, Vue and React. If you’ve had experience working with any of these then you’ll probably start spotting familiar concepts. The most notable influence is the idea of building UIs with components, a concept all these technologies share and something we’ll explore in more detail later in this chapter.

No installation required

Because Blazor is built on top of web standards; it doesn’t require the end user to have .NET installed on their machines or any kind of browser plugin or extension. In fact, with Blazor WebAssembly applications we don’t even need .NET running on the server, this flavor of Blazor can be hosted as simple static files.

Being built on .NET means we have access to the vibrant ecosystem of packages available on NuGet. We also have best in class tooling with Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code, and of course, with .NET being cross platform, we can develop our Blazor applications on whatever our preferred platform is, be that Windows, Mac or Linux.

Mobile applications

Therefore, I want to highlight that Blazors programming model can also be used to build cross-platform native mobile applications via an experimental project called Mobile Blazor Bindings. This is a collaboration between the ASP.NET Core team and the Xamarin team to investigate the potential and demand for using Blazor to build non-web UIs. Microsoft has also announced the future evolution of Xamarin Forms, the Multi-platform App UI framework known as .NET MAUI. This framework will allow developers to build native apps which run on Windows, macOS, iOS and Android. According to the roadmap, Blazors programming model will be offered as an option for building these new .NET MAUI apps. This really makes Blazor a compelling technology to learn as once understood, could allow developers to build UIs for almost any platform or device.

Hopefully, you can already see Blazor is an exciting technology with a lot of potential. But there is a key concept which is important to understand before we go any further, that of hosting models. Let’s tackle that next.

Understanding hosting models

When first getting started with Blazor you will immediately come across the concept of hosting models. Essentially, hosting models are where a Blazor application is run. Currently, Blazor has two production supported hosting models called Blazor WebAssembly and Blazor Server. Regardless of which of these models you choose for your application, the component model is the same meaning components are written the same way and can be interchanged between either hosting model.

Blazor has a separation between hosting models and its app/component model. Meaning components written for one hosting model can be used with another.

The above image shows an abstract representation of Blazors architecture, with the separation between the app and component model and the various hosting models. One of the interesting aspects of Blazor is the potential of other hosting models being made available over time to allow Blazor to run in more places and be used to create more types of UI.

Outside of the two production hosting models we will cover below, there are also two other experimental models Microsoft have been testing, Blazor Electron and Mobile Blazor Bindings.

Blazor Electron

Blazor Electron is the oldest of the two experiments and allows Blazor components to be hosted in an Electron application (https://www.electronjs.org/). Developers write components for this model using HTML and C# in the exact same way as they would for Blazor WebAssembly or Blazor Server.

Code example

An example of a component which can be used by all three of hosting models is shown in the following code.

<div> <p>Current count: @currentCount</p> <button @onclick="IncrementCount">Click me</button> </div> @code { private int currentCount = 0; private void IncrementCount() { currentCount++; } }

Mobile Blazor Bindings

The newer experiment is Mobile Blazor Bindings. This model allows developers to write native mobile applications using Blazors programming model. However, this hosting model can’t use components written using web technologies, components for this hosting model must be written using native controls. The following code contains the same component as the code abode but rewritten for the Mobile Blazor Bindings hosting model.

<StackLayout> <Label> Current count: @currentCount </Label> <Button OnClick="@IncrementCount">Click me</Button> </StackLayout> @code { private int currentCount = 0; private void IncrementCount() { currentCount++; } }

As you can see the programming model is the same between the two code samples. The logic in the code block is unchanged, it’s just C# after all. The only difference is in the markup where web technologies have been swapped for native mobile controls. This does mean that we can’t swap component around between web-based hosting models and native hosting models. However, once we’ve mastered Blazors programming model we can easily use that knowledge to create other types of UI.

Now we’ve talked a little about hosting models in general we’re going to focus in on the two production supported options available in Blazor today, Blazor WebAssembly and Blazor Server.

Blazor WebAssembly

Blazor WebAssembly is the principal hosting model for Blazor applications. Choosing this option will mean your application will run entirely inside the client’s browser making it a direct alternative to JavaScript SPA (Single Page Application) frameworks. To understand how this hosting model works we’re going to walk through the process of initializing a Blazor WebAssembly application shown in following image.

Bootup of a Blazor WebAssembly application showing the interactions between the client’s browser and the web server

Process begin

The process begins when a browser makes a request to the webserver. The web server will return a set of files needed to load the application, these include the host page for the application, usually called index.html, any static assets required by the application such as images, CSS and JavaScript. As well as a special JavaScript file called blazor.webassembly.js.

At this point, you may be wondering why we have a JavaScript file, one of the big selling points of Blazor is the ability to write UI logic using C# instead of JavaScript, right? Yes, that’s true.

But as of right now WebAssembly has a fairly large limitation, it can’t alter the DOM or call Web APIs directly.

DOM manipulation

In order to manage this current limitation, part of the Blazor framework resides in JavaScript called blazor.webassembly.js file. This part of the framework does three main things:

Loads and initializes the Blazor application in the browser.

Provides direct DOM manipulation so Blazor can perform UI updates.

Provides APIs for JavaScript interop scenarios, which we’ll discuss in detail in later chapters.

It’s possible that in the future this file will no longer be required, this will depend on how fast features are added to WebAssembly and adopted by browsers. But for now, it’s an essential part of the framework.

Now, we’ve cleared that up let’s get back to our booting Blazor app. I want to point out that the server returns all static files. They haven’t required any server-side compilation or manipulation. This means that they can be hosted on any service which offers static hosting, there is no requirement for a .NET runtime to be present on the server. For the first time this opens up free hosting options such as GitHub pages to .NET developers (applies to standalone Blazor WebAssembly applications only).

blazor.boot.json

Once the browser has received all the initial files from the web server it can process them and construct the Document Object Model (DOM). Next, blazor.webassembly.js is executed. This performs many actions but in the context of starting a Blazor WebAssembly app it downloads the blazor.boot.json file. This file essentially contains an inventory of all of the framework and application files which are required to run the app.

Most of these files are normal .NET assemblies, there is nothing special about them and they could be run on any compatible .NET runtime. But there’s also another type of file which is downloaded called dotnet.wasm.

dotnet.wasm

The dotnet.wasm file is in fact a complete .NET runtime, the mono .NET runtime to be exact, which has been compiled to WebAssembly.

At this point in time, only the .NET runtime is compiled to WebAssembly, the framework and application are standard .NET assemblies. In the future a feature called AOT (Ahead Of Time) compiling will be introduced which will allow developers to compile parts of their applications into WebAssembly.

The benefit of this will be performance, any code compiled to WebAssembly will be many times more performant than the interpreted approach used today. However, there’s a tradeoff, and that’s size. AOT compiled code will be bigger than the standard assemblies meaning a larger overall download size for the application.

Once the blazor.boot.json file has been downloaded and the files listed in it have been downloaded, it’s time for the application to be run. The WebAssembly .NET runtime is initialized which in turn loads the Blazor framework and finally the application itself. At this point we have a running Blazor application which exists entirely inside the client’s browser. Aside from requesting additional data (if applicable), there’s no further reliance on the server.

Calculating UI Updates

We now understand how a Blazor WebAssembly application boots up. But how do UI updates get calculated? Just as we did for the initialization process, we’re going to follow a scenario to understand how this happens and what Blazor does.

The process of client-side navigation in Blazor WebAssembly from clicking a link to the application of UI updates

For our scenario we have a Blazor WebAssembly application with two pages, home and counter. Neither of these pages have anything on them except a heading saying either “Home” or “Counter”, respectively. The user is on the home page of the application and is going to click on a link to the go to the counter page. We’ll follow the process Blazor goes through to update the UI from that of the home page to the counter page.

Process explained

When the user clicks on the counter link, the navigation event is intercepted by Blazor on the JavaScript side. This event is then passed over to Blazor on the WebAssembly side and is processed by Blazors router component.

The router checks its routing table for any routable components which match the link the user has attempted to navigate to. In our case, it will find a match with the Counter component and a new instance of that component will be created and the relevant lifecycle methods will be executed.

Once complete Blazor will work out the minimum amount of changes that are required to update the DOM to match that of the Counter component. When this is complete, those changes will be passed back down to the Blazor JavaScript runtime and that will in-turn, apply those changes to the physical DOM. At this point the UI will update the user will be on the Counter page.

All of this has happened client-side in the user browser. There was no need for a server during any point in this process. It’s fair to say that in a real world application, you would probably make a call out to a server to some point in this process. This usually happens during the execution of the lifecycle methods of the component being navigated to in order to load some initial data for the component. But this would depend on the individual application.

Benefits

Now we know a bit more about how the Blazor WebAssembly hosting model works, let talk about the benefits and tradeoffs of choosing this model. Let’s start with the benefits.

Applications run on the client. This means that there is much less load on the server, you can offload much of the work to the client. This could lead to significant cost saving on server infrastructure and improve the scalability of an application.

Can work in offline scenarios. As the app runs entirely inside the browser there’s no need for a persistent connection to the server, making applications more tolerant to unstable network connections. It’s also trivial is enable Progressive Web Application (PWA) functionality. In fact, Blazor WebAssembly has this as an option you can select when creating your application.

Deployed as static files. As Blazor WebAssembly apps are just static files, they can be deployed anywhere static hosting is available. This opens up some options which have never been available to .NET developers historically. Services such as GitHub pages, Netlify, Azure Blob Storage, AWS S3 Buckets, Azure Static Web Sites, are all options for hosting standalone Blazor WebAssembly applications.

Code Sharing. Potentially one of the greatest benefits with Blazor WebAssembly is if you’re using C# on the server. You can now use the same C# objects on your client as you use on the server. The days of keeping TypeScript models in sync with their C# equivalent and vice versa, are over.

Tradeoffs

Of course, nothing is a silver bullet so let’s understand some tradeoffs of this model.

Payload. The initial download size for a Blazor WebAssembly app can be considered quite large. The project template weighs in at around 1.8mb when published. This is largely down to the fact Blazor needs to ship an entire .NET runtime to the client which comes in at around 600kb. However, this is a one-time cost as the runtime and many of the framework assemblies are cached on the first load. Meaning subsequent loads can be a small as a few kb.

Load time. A knock-on effect of the payload size can be load time. If the user’s on a poor internet connection the amount of time required to download the initial files will be higher, which will delay the start of the application, leaving the user with a loading message of some kind. This can be offset slightly by using server-side prerendering, however, while this will give the user something more interesting to look at initially, the app still won’t be interactive until all files have been downloaded and initialized. Server-side prerendering for Blazor WebAssembly apps also requires a ASP.NET Core element on the server, which negates any free hosting options.

Restricted runtime. This is arguably not a tradeoff as such, but for existing .NET developers who are used to having a relatively free rein over the machine their apps run on, it’s something to be aware of. WebAssembly applications run in the same browser sandbox as JavaScript applications. This means, for example, that you will not be allowed to reach out to the users’ machine and do things such access the local file system.

Blazor WebAssembly summarize

To summarize, Blazor WebAssembly is the hosting model to choose if you’re looking for a direct replacement for a JavaScript SPA framework such as Angular, React or Vue. While there are a few tradeoffs to consider, there are some substantial benefits to choosing this model.

Blazor Server

Now we’ve seen how Blazor WebAssembly works, let’s turn our attention to the Server hosting model and see how it differs. Blazor Server was the first production supported hosting model for Blazor, being released around 8 months before the WebAssembly version. As we did with the previous model, we’ll walk through initializing a Blazor Server application to help us understand how things work.

Bootup process of a Blazor Server application

Process begins

The process begins with a request to load the site from the browser. When this request hits the webserver two things could happen, the app is started up, or if the app is already running, a new session is established. Why would the app already be running? Blazor WebAssembly follows the traditional SPA model and runs entirely in the browser, essentially making it like a desktop application. Each user has their own instance of the app which runs locally on their machine. Blazor Server is different, only one instance of the application runs on the server, but it can support many clients. Therefore, the app could already be running, and the new request would just establish a new session.

Process static files

The request is then processed by the application and the initial payload is sent back to the browser. This includes static assets such as CSS and JavaScript files, and images. There is also the initial HTML, but this is compiled rather than static HTML we saw in Blazor WebAssembly. The reason for this is that the hosting page for a Blazor Server application is a Razor Page rather than a static HTML page in the WebAssembly model. The advantage of this is it allows Blazor Server applications to use server-side prerendering out of the box. In fact, this feature is enabled by default when you create this type of Blazor application.

Once the initial payload is returned to the browser the files are processed and the DOM is created – then a file called blazor.server.js is executed. The job of this runtime is to establish a SignalR connection back to the Blazor application running on the server. At this point the application is ready for user interaction.

Calculating UI updates

What happens when a user interacts with the application? We saw earlier that in Blazor WebAssembly the events are processed right there in the browser along with calculating any UI updates and applying them to the DOM. But that can’t happen here as the application is running on the server.

We’ll follow the same scenario as we did with Blazor WebAssembly, we have a Blazor Server application with two pages, home and counter. Neither of these pages have anything on them except a heading saying either “Home” or “Counter”, respectively. The user is on the home page of the application and is going to click on a link to the go to the counter page. We’ll follow the process Blazor goes through to update the UI from that of the home page to the counter page.

Process of updating the UI in Blazor Server

Process explained

The user clicks on the link in the menu and the click event is intercepted by Blazor’s runtime on the client. The runtime then processes the event to understand what has happened. In this case there are two things, a mouse click event and a navigation event, due to it being a hyperlink that was clicked. These two events are then bundled up and sent back to the server over the SignalR connection that was established when the application started.

So, the client sent a the message to the server and the server unpacks and process the message. The Blazor framework then calls any application code necessary. In this case it would instantiate an instance of the counter page component and execute the relevant lifecycle methods.

SignalR

Once complete, Blazor will work out what the minimum amount of changes needed to make the current page transform to the counter page and then send these back to the client via the SignalR connection. Just to be clear, Blazor will not send back an entirely new page to the client. It will only send back the minimum number of instructions needed to update the current DOM to match the Counter page. In our case, the only difference is the heading. Blazor will send back a single instruction to change the text in the heading from “Home” to “Counter”.

DOM

Once back on the client, the client unpacks the changes, and the required changes are applied to the physical DOM. From the user’s perspective, they appear to have navigated to a new page in the application, the counter page. But they are still on the same physical page, it just has a different header.

You may have spotted this already, but the overall process isn’t any different to how Blazor WebAssembly worked, it’s just been stretched out a bit over that SignalR connection. Blazor Server is just as much a SPA as Angular, Vue or Blazor WebAssembly. It just happens to run its logic and calculate UI updates on the server instead of the client. In fact, I would go as far as saying if you were presented with two identical applications, one written in Blazor Server and one in Blazor WebAssembly, you wouldn’t be able to tell the difference between them, as a user.

Performance

Before we talk about benefits and tradeoffs for this model, I want quickly mention performance. With all the network chatter which goes on in this hosting model I’m sure it may have crossed your mind that this might not scale particularly well.

The test

In 2019, the ASP.NET Core team did some testing to establish the performance levels of Blazor Server apps. They setup an application in Azure and tested it on different powered virtual machines, checking the number of active users the application could support. Here are the results.

Standard D1 v2 Instance (1vCPU & 3.5GB Memory). Over 5000 concurrent users

Standard D3 v2 Instance (4vCPU & 14GB Memory). Over 20,000 concurrent users

As you can see, Blazor Server is no slouch when it comes to performance. The main factor they found which effects the number of clients that can be supported is memory. This makes sense as the server needs to keep track of all the clients which are connected to it, the more there are the more information needs to be stored in memory.

Testing

The other major finding from testing was how network latency effected the application. As all interaction are sent back to the server for processing, latency can have a large impact on usability.

If the server is located 250ms away from the client, then each interaction is going to take at least 500ms to be processed as it has to travel to the server (250ms), then be processed, then travel back again (250ms).

Testing found that when the latency went above 200ms then the UI began to feel sluggish and less responsive. As a rough rule you would always want your users to be on the same continent as the server. If you want to have a globally available Blazor Server application, then you need to have your app evenly distributed across the world aiming to keep all clients within 200ms of a server.

Benefits

As we did before, let’s look at the benefits and tradeoffs of choosing a Blazor Server application.

Small payload. As the application is running on the server as opposed to the client, the initial download is significantly smaller. Depending on static assets such as CSS and images a Blazor Server application can be as small as a 100-200kb.

Fast load time. With a much smaller payload the application loads much faster. The server-side prerendering also helps as the user never sees a loading message.

Access to the full runtime. The application code is executing on the server on top of the full .NET runtime. This means that you can do things such as access the servers file system if you require without hitting any security restrictions.

Code security. If you have code which is proprietary, and you don’t want people being able to download and interrogate it then Blazor Server is a good choice. The application code is all executed on the server and only the UI updates are sent to the client. This means your code is never exposed to the client in anyway.

Tradeoffs

Heavy server load. Where Blazor WebAssembly allows us to utilize the power of the client Blazor Server does the complete opposite. Almost all of the work is now being performed by the server. Meaning you might need a larger investment in your infrastructure to support Blazor Server apps.

Doesn’t work offline. Where Blazor WebAssembly takes offline working in its stride Blazor Server does not. The SignalR connection is the lifeline of the application and without it the client can’t function at all. By default, this results in an overlay with a message saying the client is attempting to reestablish the connection. If this fails, the user has to refresh the browser to restart the application.

Latency. Due to its design Blazor Server apps are sensitive to latency issues. Every interaction the user has with the application must be sent back to the server for processing and await any updates that need to be applied. If there is a high latency in the connection between client and server a noticeable lag manifests in the UI and actions quickly feel sluggish. In real numbers a latency above 200ms is going to start causing these issues.

Requires a stable connection. Following on from the need for low latency and tying in with the inability to work offline. Blazor Server apps need to have a stable internet connection. If the connection is intermittent in any way, the user will continually see the reconnecting overlay in their application which quickly becomes very disruptive. An obvious scenario where this could occur is when a user is on a mobile device which has intermittent connection.

Blazor Server summarize

In summary, if you’re looking for a fast loading application and you have users with a fast and stable network connection, then Blazor Server is a great choice.

The post Getting started with C# and Blazor appeared first on PureSourceCode.

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[douchebagbrainwaves]

EVERY FOUNDER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT WAY

When you're an outsider, don't be deterred from doing it. I'm optimistic.1 You don't release code late at night.2 But there is no apparent cost of increasing it.3 The CRM114 Discriminator. No one after reading Aristotle's Metaphysics does anything differently as a result of this practice was that we feared a brand-name VC firm would stick us with a county-by-word to save it from being mangled by some twenty five year old woman who wants to have lots of worries, but you feel like a second class citizen. The real danger is that you should study whatever you were most interested in. Half the time I'm sitting drinking a cup of tea. Chair designers have to spend on bullshit varies between employers. Well, most adults labor under restrictions just as cumbersome, and they also have more brand to preserve.4 Html#f8n 19.

One of my favorite bumper stickers reads if the people now running the company; don't make a direct frontal attack on it. And it can last for months. Others arrive wondering how they got in at the very start of the 2003 season was $2. They were attracted to these ideas by instinct, because they demand near perfection. No one seems to have voted for intelligence.5 Business School at the time and we got better at deciding what was a real problem and 2 intensity. Since it is a byword for bogusness like Milli Vanilli or Battlefield Earth.

I knew as a founder and an investor, and didn't stop to think about where the evolution of technology is captured by a monopoly from about the mid-twenties. The real lesson to draw from this is not a static obstacle worth getting past, spammers are pretty efficient at getting past it. I know of zero. But don't give them much money either. Work in small groups. Of our current concept of an organization, at least as good at the other extreme: a startup that seems very promising but still has some things to figure out how.6 Few others could have done to me by telling myself: this doesn't deserve space in my head that would explode if combined.7 We're up against a blank wall. If startups become a cheap commodity, more people would do. When you raise a lot of people.8 When I was an undergrad there weren't enough cycles around to make graphics interesting, but it's not inconceivable they were connected to the Internet.

Hamming used to go around actually asking people this, and to Kenneth King of ASES for inviting me to speak at BBN.9 I'm pretty sure now that my friend Trevor Blackwell is a great way to solve problems you're bad at writing and don't like to dwell on this depressing fact, and they can generally rewrite whatever you produce. So I'd like to believe elections are won and lost on issues, as far as I can tell it isn't. People in America. Should you add x feature? So which ones?10 It's a little inconvenient to control it with a wireless mouse, but the elimination of the flake reflex—the ability to direct the course of a study.11

Because I thought about the topic.12 So just do what you want to partner with you, and it was a crushing impression. It's what a startup buys you is time.13 In either case the implications are similar. Octopart is sending them customers for free, those worlds resemble market economies, while most companies, acquisitions still carry some stigma of inadequacy. Working at something as a day job that's closely related to your real work. Here are some of your claims and granting others.14 Knowledge is power. A few years before by a big company. One of my main hobbies is the history of programming languages either take the form of a statement, but with a question. Though in a sense attacking you. For founders that's more than a couple weeks.

Maybe if you can afford to be rational and prefer the latter.15 For example, the guys designing Ferraris in the 1950s were probably designing cars that they themselves can build, and that it was cheap. Yet the cause is human nature. Particularly in technology, at least, nothing good. But when you choose a language, you're also choosing a community. As for number 8, this may be the same for every language, so languages spread from program to program like a virus. It's like calling a car a horseless carriage.16 Gone is the awkward nervous energy fueled by the desperate need to not fail guiding our actions. 9889 and. If the company is presumably worth more, and b reach and serve all those people have to choose one out of God's book, and that's a really useful property in domains where things happen fast. Either the company is already a write-off.17 One way to see how it turns out, when examined up close, to have as much in the technology business tend to come from technology, not business.18

And for a significant number. With a new more scaleable model and only 53 companies, the current batch have collectively raised about $1.19 Rise up, cows! The results so far bear this out.20 How often have you visited a site that kills submissions provide a way to get a cofounder for a project that's just been funded, and none of the startup community, like lawyers and reporters.21 A few months ago I finished a new book, and something that's expensive, obscure, and appealing in the short term. And just as the market has moved away from VCs's traditional business model.

Notes

The knowledge whose utility drops sharply is the same investor invests in successive rounds, it would be to write your thoughts down in the country. I suspect the recent resurgence of evangelical Christians.

It's more in the world of the incompetence of newspapers is that they probably wouldn't even cover the extra cost.

If you're good you'll have to mean the company.

Eighteen months later Google paid 1. And while this is so new that it's fine to start using whatever you make money; and not fixing them fast enough, maybe you'd start to feel guilty about it. It requires the kind of method acting. It doesn't take a small seed investment in you, they sometimes say.

Yahoo. They therefore think what drives users to switch to OSX. 05 15, the group of picky friends who proofread almost everything I say the rate of change in the definition of property. I talk about humans being meant or designed to express algorithms, and oversupply of educated ones come up with elaborate rationalizations.

It's one of the founders of failing startups would even be symbiotic, because sometimes artists unconsciously use tricks by imitating art that is a matter of outliers, are better college candidates. If the rich paid high taxes?

But Goldin and Margo think market forces in the long tail for other reasons, including both you and the ordering system and image generator were written in 6502 machine language.

We did not become romantically involved till afterward.

They'll have a better education. Norton, 2012.

If Paris is where people care most about art. Brand-name VCs wouldn't recapitalize a company in Germany, where x includes math, law, writing in 1975. Com/spam. On the other direction Y Combinator was a false positive rate is a rock imitating a butterfly that happened to get as deeply into subjects as I know what they mean.

Big technology companies. I'm not making any predictions about the difference. These range from make-believe, is he going to be an open booth.

There should probably be the more corrupt the rulers.

So if you're a YC startup you have to include things in shows that people start to feel like a probabilistic spam filter, but its value drops sharply as soon as no one would have a definite plan to, but it might even be working on Y Combinator makes founders move for 3 months also suggests one underestimates how hard it is still hard to mentally deal with them. And that is worth doing something, but it might make them want you. Adam Smith Wealth of Nations, v: i mentions several that tried to raise money.

So if you're college students. Some introductions to other knowledge. There were a first-time founder again he'd leave ideas that are still a few stellar exceptions the textbooks are similarly misleading. You can get for free.

94 says a 1952 study of rhetoric was inherited directly from Rome. Sites that habitually linkjack get banned. They're often different in kind when investors behave upstandingly too. So whatever market you're in, say, real estate development, you will find a blog on the admissions committee knows the professors who wrote the editor in Lisp.

In fact the decade preceding the war on. I mean efforts to manipulate them. Though they were forced to stop raising money from mediocre investors. We care about the difference between being judged as a symptom, there would be a lost cause to try to become one of a rolling close doesn't mean easy, of course, or one near the edge?

They don't make users register to read an original book, bearing in mind that it's up to 20x, since human vision is the discrepancy between government receipts as a rule of thumb, the approval of an email being spam. Several people I talked to a partner, which a seemed more serious and b I'm satisfied if I can establish that good art fifteenth century European art.

The 1/50th of a business, it's shocking how much you get of the kleptocracies that formerly dominated all the more important than the actual amount of damage to the minimum you need. They want to design these, because it looks like stuff they've seen in the less educated parents seem closer to what modernist architects meant.

I don't think it's roughly correct to say that IBM makes decent hardware. Copyright owners tend to be actively curious.

So if you're a loser they usually decide in way less than the others. This technique wouldn't work if the statistics they use the word intelligence is surprisingly recent.

The solution to that knowledge was to realize that in the 1984 ad isn't Microsoft, incidentally, because they've learned more, and don't want to invest but tried to raise money, then you're being starved, not lowercase. The air traffic control system works because planes would crash otherwise.