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of-fire-and-light · 4 years ago

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Headcanon: origins (for... all the muses, I guess!)

[Oooh okay anon, thank you! This got long so it's under a cut...

OKAY SO. My muses are from original G1, so the canon for their origin is that Galvatron, Cyclonus and Scourge, and the Armada and Sweeps were created by Unicron from Megatron and the dead or dying remains of various other Decepticons - including but possibly not limited to Skywarp, Thundercracker, and either the Insecticons themselves or a handful of spare Insecticlones. The Dis, canonically unnamed at the time, was pulled from somewhere in Unicron's pockets and given to Galvatron as his flagship. Anything beyond that is open to speculation.

So, for my guys whether in fic or RP, this is just how I personally fill in the details. First of all, Unicron deciding to make himself a Herald and a strikeforce was an impulse decision when he found some of Primus's creations conveniently floating in his path; my theory is that Unicron didn't actually know much about making people, having never considered spawning creations of his own before. So he had to reverse engineer Primus's handiwork to figure out how, and he lied to, or certainly tactically misled, Megatron in order to get hold of his body, his power, and his blueprints intact. He would've told him anything, and meant none of it; he just wanted to persuade Megatron to concede access to all that information, rather than risking him self-destructing or similar if Unicron had tried to forcibly take it.

That much achieved, Unicron then harvested data, blueprints, and materials from all the 'Cons he'd gotten his claws on, used the inspiration and information from the gathered files to design his new strikeforce, and then the salvaged raw materials plus whatever else he had on hand to actually build them. Thus, fandom discourse notwithstanding, my headcanon is that Cyclonus, Scourge, and their corresponding drones cannot meaningfully be said to be "made from" anyone in particular. Sure, you could take them apart down to their molecular structure and identify which atoms were once part of whom, but there'd be no obvious pattern or purpose in the results. You might be able to trace bits of Cyclonus's flight coding back to Skywarp if you compared them line by line, but his cruelty and talent for psychological manipulation could equally well have been ripped out of Bombshell. Unicron just broke the dead Seekers and Insecticons apart like old Lego kits, and built his own custom designs without thinking twice about what he was taking from whom.

But those other 'Cons were dead anyway by then, nothing but useful scrap. Megatron was alive and talking and his mind, if not his body, was still fully functional. So in order to extract maximum value out of this one incredibly powerful and strong-minded individual, Unicron put all of Megatron's memories and files into a set of backup databanks, and installed those in parallel with the new directives, databases, and personality coding he created for Galvatron. Galvatron would thereby receive what amounted to a cognitive jump-start: immediate unfiltered access to all Megatron's experience, judgement, cunning and drive, and, of course, pathological hatred of Autobots.

But he couldn't continue to be Megatron, because that would require him keeping Megatron’s spark. And Unicron couldn't very well leave a shard of Primus lodged in his Herald's chest to conflict with his own power and directives... and so his final betrayal was to rip out Megatron's spark and throw it away. Galvatron, Cyclonus and Scourge all then received new sparks: tiny offcuts of Unicron's own, just as Cybertronian sparks are little pieces of Primus, aligning their core instincts and emotional paradigms with Unicron’s and cementing his control over them on the deepest possible level.

And then he gave them the Dis, designing and building it on the spot using assorted ship blueprints he'd found in the 'Cons' memories and the reserves of raw materials in his own holding tanks and internal furnaces, and sent them all out to go and do their thing for him. Cyclonus and Scourge were pretty much blank slates at this point, just accepting the reality they'd awoken into and largely controlled by Unicron's slave-coding; but Galvatron initially had a bit of trouble separating himself from Megatron, because while he could intuitively feel the difference, he also remembered "being" Megatron and there were a lot of those memories. Of course, he immediately started archiving new memories under the identity of "Galvatron" - and the trauma of having Unicron's control ripped out of his mind at the end of the Movie, followed by his time in a hot tub plasma pit on Thrull, was a sufficiently defining set of life experiences that by the time he was found again by Cyclonus and Scourge, he was certain that he was Galvatron, and had a sense of self completely disconnected from Megatron's residual identity. (He still has Megatron's memories if he needs to refer to them, but he doesn't do so except in desperation because he really hates feeling even briefly like someone he knows he isn't. Besides which, he has some pretty major ideological and emotional differences from Megatron, and the cognitive dissonance is uncomfortable.)

Random consequences of all of this include:

- The Unicronians kinda have... opposing spark polarity to Cybertronians. In mundane contexts it doesn't affect anything much, but, eg, if Galvatron entered a consecrated temple of Primus he'd feel like a demon trying to stand on holy ground - he might be able to do it, but it really wouldn't be comfortable for him. Regular Cybertronians instinctively feel creeped out and uneasy around the Unicronians even though they usually can't articulate why, and anyone with significant spiritual affinity or training would outright recognise them as Unicron-spawn pretty much on sight.

- They're simultaneously violently allergic to the Matrix because it was created as a weapon against the very power their sparks are made from, and magnetically drawn to it because Unicron programmed them to hunt it down and it radiates "this thing is delicious, try to eat it" to their instincts on a literally spiritual level. In most of my 'verses, Galvatron has managed to precariously but effectively resolve this conflict of interest by nibbling on Rodimus Prime whenever he gets the chance. Rodimus sees no downside to this.

- The sparks of Megatron, Skywarp, Thundercracker etc have all returned safely to the Allspark by now. If anyone were to attempt to summon or contact their spirits, it would be possible to do so, and there would be literally no collateral effect on the Unicronians other than them probably freaking out about ghosts if they heard about it.]

#[i made it up so it's true]#[ask us a thing]#[the herald]#[the warrior]#[the tracker]#[god of void and hunger]#[replies]#[anon]

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towardsrobotics-blog · 5 years ago

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Automobile robotics: Applications and Methods - Towards Robotics

Automobile robotics: Applications and Methods

Introduction:

An automobile robot is a software-controlled machine that uses sensors and other technology to identify its environment and act accordingly. They work by combining artificial intelligence (AI) with physical robotic elements like wheels, tracks, and legs. Mobile robots are gaining increasing popularity across various business sectors. They assist with job processes and perform activities that are difficult or hazardous for human employees.

Structure and Methods:

The mechanical structure must be managed to accomplish tasks and attain its objectives. The control system consists of four distinct pillars: vision, memory, reasoning, and action. The perception system provides knowledge about the world, the robot itself, and the robot-environment relationship. After processing this information, sending the appropriate commands to the actuators that move the mechanical structure. Once the environment, and destination, or purpose of the robot is known, the robot’s cognitive architecture must plan the path that the robot must take to attain its goals.

The cognitive architecture reflects the purpose of the robot, its environment, and the way they communicate. Computer vision and identification of patterns are used to track objects. Mapping algorithms are used for the construction of environment maps. Motion planning and other artificial intelligence algorithms could eventually be used to determine how the robot should interact with each other. A planner, for example, might determine how to achieve a task without colliding with obstacles, falling over, etc. Artificial intelligence is called upon to play an important role in the treatment of all the information the robot collects to give the robot orders in the next few years. Nonlinear dynamics found in robots. Nonlinear control techniques utilize the knowledge and/or parameters of the system to reproduce its behavior. Complex algorithms benefit from nonlinear power, estimation, and observation.

Following are best-known control methods:

Computed torque control methods: A computed torque is defined using the second position derivatives, target positions, and mass matrix expressed in a conventional way with explicit gains for the proportional and derivative errors (feedback).

Robust control methods: These methods are similar to simulated methods of torque control, with the addition of a feedback variable depending on an arbitrarily small positive design constant E.

Sliding mode control methods: Increasing the controller frequency may be used to increase the system’s steady error. Taken to the extreme, the controller requires infinite actuator bandwidth if the design parameter E is set to zero, and the state error vanishes. This discontinuous controller is called a controller on sliding mode.

Adaptive methods: Awareness of the exact robot dynamics is relaxed compared to previous methods and this approach uses a linear assumption of parameters. These methods use feed-forward terminology estimation, thereby reducing the requirement for high gains and high frequency to compensate for uncertainties/disturbance in the dynamic model.

Invariant manifold method: the dynamic equation is broken down into components to perform functions independently.

Zero moment point control: This is a concept for humanoid robots associated, for example, with the control and dynamics of legged locomotion. It identifies the point around which no torque is generated by the dynamic reaction force between the foot and the ground, that is, the point at which the total horizontal inertia and gravity forces are equal to zero. This definition means the contact patch is planar and has adequate friction to prevent the feet from sliding

Navigation Methods: Navigation skills are the most important thing in the field of automobile robotics. The aim is for the robot to move in a known or unknown environment from one place to another, taking into account the sensor values to achieve the desired targets. This means that the robot must rely on certain factors such as perception (the robot must use its sensors to obtain valuable data), localization (the robot must use its sensors to obtain valuable data) The robot must be aware of its position and configuration, cognition (the robot must decide what to do to achieve its objectives), and motion control (the robot must calculate the input forces on the actuators to achieve the desired trajectory).

Path, trajectory, and motion planning:

The aim of path planning is to find the best route for the mobile robot to meet the target without collision, allowing a mobile robot to maneuver through obstacles from an initial configuration to a specific environment. It neglects the temporal evolution of motion. It does not consider velocities and accelerations. A more complete study is trajectory planning, with broader goals.

Trajectory planning involves finding the force inputs (control u (t)) to push the actuators so that the robot follows a q (t) trajectory which allows it to go from the initial to the final configuration while avoiding obstacles. To plan the trajectory it takes into account the dynamics and physical characteristics of the robot. In short, both the temporal evolution of the motion and the forces needed to achieve that motion are calculated. Most path and trajectory planning techniques are shared.

Applications of Automobile robotics:

A mobile robot’s core functions include the ability to move and explore, carry payloads or revenue-generating cargo, and complete complex tasks using an onboard system, such as robotic arms. While the industrial use of mobile robots is popular, particularly in warehouses and distribution centers, its functions may also be applied to medicine, surgery, personal assistance, and safety. Exploration and navigation at ocean and space are also among the most common uses of mobile robots.

Mobile robots are used to access areas, such as nuclear power plants, where factors such as high radiation make the area too dangerous for people to inspect themselves and monitor. Current automobile robotics, however, do not build robots that can withstand high radiation without having to compromise their electronic circuitry. Attempts are currently being made to invent mobile robots to deal specifically with those situations.

Other uses of mobile robots include:

shoreline exploration of mines

repairing ships

a robotic pack dog or exoskeleton to carry heavy loads for military troopers

painting and stripping machines or other structures

robotic arms to assist doctors in surgery

manufacturing automated prosthetics that imitate the body’s natural functions and

patrolling and monitoring applications, such as determining thermal and other environmental conditions

Cons and Pros of automobile robotics:

Their machine vision capabilities are a big benefit of automobile robots. The complex array of sensors that mobile robots use to detect their surroundings allows them to observe their environment accurately in real-time. That is especially valuable in constantly evolving and shifting industrial settings.

Another benefit lies in the onboard information system and AI used by AMRs. The autonomy provided by the ability of the mobile robots to learn their surroundings either through an uploaded blueprint or by driving around and developing a map allows for quick adaptation to new environments and helps in the continued pursuit of industrial productivity. Furthermore, mobile robots are quick and flexible to implement. These robots can make their own path for motion.

Some of the disadvantages are following

load-carrying limitation

More expensive and complex.

Communication challenges between robot and endpoint

Looking ahead in the future, manufacturers are trying to find more non-industrial applications for automobile robotics. Current technology is a mix of hardware, software, and advanced machine learning; it is considered solution-focused and rapidly evolving. AMRs are still struggling to move from one point to another; it is important to enhance spatial awareness. The design of the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm is one invention that is trying to solve this problem.

Hope you enjoyed this article. You may also want to check out my article on the concepts and basics of mobile robotics.

#automobile robotics #robot car #Towards robotics

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codezclub · 8 years ago

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C Program to find Path Matrix by powers of Adjacency matrix

Path Matrix by powers of Adjacency Matrix Write a C Program to find Path Matrix by powers of Adjacency Matrix. Here’s simple Program to find Path Matrix by powers of Adjacency Matrix in C Programming Language. Adjacency Matrix: Adjacency Matrix is a 2D array of size V x V where V is the number of vertices in a graph. Let the 2D array be adj[][], a slot adj[i][j] = 1 indicates that there is an…

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#adjacency matrix number of paths #adjacency matrix of a graph example #c data structures #c graph programs #define path matrix in data structure #path matrix in data structure #path matrix in graph #path matrix of powers in adjacency matrix #path matrix representation of graph

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arcticdementor · 6 years ago

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Social Justice, in its current form, has a structural anti-Semitism problem. It’s not that the Social Justice people hate Jews. At least I don’t think they do, as far as I’m aware. It’s deeper, because it results from the structure of some of the indoctrinations within Social Justice itself. Let’s look closely at some of these indoctrinations, see how they interact, and draw up some possible ways the Social Justice tribe might fix the problem, structurally speaking.

Puzzle Piece #1: “You Didn’t Earn That”

“You didn’t earn that” is an indoctrination deeply steeped within Social Justice, and it erupts in many different forms, which all tend to reinforce each other. Please note, I’m not talking about the Obama “You Didn’t Build That” argument, which simply states that independent business owners are actually quite dependent on the government. Nor am I referring to the Animal Farm style Marxists who don’t think rewards should be meritocratic at all, because these are rare outside of secret Antifa dens or the streets of Portland. I’m referring specifically to the mainline Social Justice approach, which is more layered.

First, they adopt the position that people are blank slates, and all features of personality or competence are installed by society. This leads to the belief that IQ isn’t real, or at most is simply the result of a racist test. It also leads to the belief that differences in socioeconomic outcome between races must be due to environmental factors, since no other factors exist. These environmental factors are defined to be “privilege.” You didn’t earn that wage gap, you were given the wage gap because you are male, or white, or similar.

…

Puzzle Piece #2: “Racism = Prejudice Plus Power”

This stipulative definition of “racism” was first postulated by Patricia Bidol-Pavda in 1970, six years after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and two years after the death of Martin Luther King Jr. It is now the dominant definition employed by Social Justice. By this definition, a prejudiced act isn’t racist unless the prejudicial person wields power over the person they’re prejudiced against. We might call this the Sarah Jeong Defense

…

Puzzle Piece #3: “Intersectionality”

The roots of modern intersectionality come from Kimberle Crenshaw, and in application, work somewhat like this. Print the above grid. Circle the “identity” that describes you on each line. The more circles you have on the right-hand side of the grid, the more marginalized you are. This approach is already deeply baked into academia, and rolled out for freshman orientation at places like Cornell.

…

Build the Puzzle

The theory then goes like this. IQ isn’t real, or if it is, it’s just a result of a racist test. You didn’t earn that. Socioeconomic outcomes are due to privilege. Marginalized people have less privilege. People who are marginalized in multiple ways have even less privilege than people who are marginalized in one way, and theoretically have even worse socioeconomic outcomes due to the intersectionality of their marginalization. But like all theories, this theory is testable, and falsifiable, and when you start testing it on Ashkenazi Jews, you get problems.

…

Does this trend of largely vandalistic hate translate to worse economic outcomes? Definitively, no. Jewish people earn more money than any other religious affiliation, including whites of European descent. An astonishing 44% earn six figures, over double the national average. They also make up 25% of the 400 wealthiest Americans despite only being 2% of the total population.

As someone who has adopted the indoctrinations of individualism, I don’t find these numbers difficult to explain. The Jewish folks I’ve met are usually smart, funny, successful, responsible, good looking, healthy, and good with the money they earn. But this doesn’t fit the Social Justice worldview, which equates marginalization with worse socioeconomic outcomes. The theory fails the test.

When a theory fails a test, the theorist adjusts the theory, and it won’t take too much longer for Social Justice theorists to adjust this one. When they do, they’ll have three possible paths to resolve it, and I fear they’re already heading down the worst path.

Path #1: Jew Privilege

I don’t like this one. Not one bit. But it’s the easiest one they could adopt, because it requires very little re-working of their belief system, and they seem to already be going down this path. The resolution works like this:

Move Jews from “marginalized” to “privileged” in the intersectional matrix of oppression.

This allows the Social Justice tribe to keep all their other indoctrinations intact, and their theory matches the data. They can say Jews have better socioeconomic outcomes because of their “Jewish Privilege,” instead of the measurably higher IQs Jews have, or other racial traits which don’t fit the tabula rasa ideology. And it’s already happening. You can see it in the ongoing drama with the Women’s March.

…

“Jews as white people” is language that clearly intends to adjust the Jewish position on the intersectionality matrix.

…

This is very bad, because the Bivol-Pavda racism definition would mean anti-Semitism suddenly becomes “woke,” and Social Justice, to borrow from their own lexicon, will itself become Literally Hitler.

But there are some other options they might use to avoid their anti-semitic fate, if they take a wider look. As we mentioned before on HWFO, Social Justice is a religion-like-thing with the unique and captivating feature of being crowdsourced, which means that the crowd can monkey with the indoctrinations however they like, to fix the system if it’s broken. They need to start doing this more intelligently, and with a systems analysis approach. Here are two alternate options.

Path #2: Dump Bivol-Pavda Racism

This would be the hardest one for Social Justice to adopt, but would be the one I would personally prefer. If the Social Justice crowd were to pivot away from the idea that “racism” is only something that privileged people do to non-privileged people, and instead acknowledge that racism is a universal condition that any race or group can apply to any other race or group, then anti-semitism would always stay “racist” and never gets “woke,” no matter how much privilege the Jews are assigned in the matrix of oppression.

This would pivot the rules of behavior for Social Justice away from where they’re at today, and back towards “judging people not by the color of their skin, nor their intersectionality-matrix-location, but by the content of their character.” I think this would make the world a much happier place. I speculate that MLK would also agree.

But I don’t anticipate they’ll do this, because they’d have to give up their own racial prejudices to do so, and giving up racial prejudices is hard. It would also deprive them of one of the weapons in their arsenal, namely their ethos that it’s okay to be racially prejudiced to white people in the name of equity.

Path #3: Acknowledge the Jews Might Have Earned That

Another way for Social Justice to avoid becoming Literally Hitler would be to acknowledge the science that IQ is heritable, and that IQ is heavily responsible for socioeconomic outcomes. Further, that races have different median IQs, and Jews are at the top, followed by Asians.

This will also be a tough pill for Social Justice to swallow, because it opens the door to the possibility that not all racial inequality is due to systemic racism, and that universal racial equity may not be a realistic objective. But it’s still probably an easier pill to swallow than giving up their racial prejudices, and at least it doesn’t lead to them becoming “Literally Hitler.”

Or they could bail on the whole program, but I don’t consider that to be particularly likely.

…

What Social Justice needs now, more than anything else, is a new leadership to rise which A) understands Social Justice’s religion-like nature, B) understands systems analysis, and C) is brave enough to tinker under the hood and fix some of the broken things within it. It needs reform. Badly. The “Woke Anti-Semitism Paradox” is only one example of many.

#bj campbell #medium.com #read the whole thing

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thedatasciencehyderabad · 4 years ago

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crookedtreepoetry · 4 years ago

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In this module, you'll discover ways to convert unstructured textual content right into a structured text to discover related insights. SES, Holt & Holt-Winter Model SES, Holt, and Holt-Winter Models are varied Smoothing models, and you will study every little thing you have to know about these fashions in this module. Smoothing This module will educate you the way to use this method for univariate information. In this Machine Learning, we focus on supervised standalone models’ shortcomings and study a number of strategies, similar to Ensemble techniques, to overcome these shortcomings. Eigen vectors and Eigen values In this module, you'll learn to implement Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues in a matrix.

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The steps concerned in each process are defined intimately under. Many companies have stepped into the era of Big knowledge for the storage of Data and the scope for Data scientists is excessive compared to other professions. Based on the report submitted by Deloitte Limited there's a big demand for knowledge scientists across the world. Also, in India, there has been a 20% enhance for the Data Scientist position compared to final year on the report submitted by the PayScale.com.

Word cloud, Principal Component Analysis, Bigrams & Trigrams A word cloud is an information visualization method, which is used to symbolize textual content knowledge. This module will make you study every little thing about Word cloud, Principal Component Analysis, Bigrams, and Trigrams used in Data Visualization. Clustering - K-Means & Hierarchical Clustering is an unsupervised learning approach involving the grouping of data.

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An individual can pursue a knowledge science course from a reputed institute after graduation. The institute must provide live project publicity through an internship program and possess business-specific course materials. Time collection analysis is performed on the information which is collected with respect to time. Understand the time collection components, Level, Trend, Seasonality, Noise and methods to identify them in a time series knowledge. The totally different forecasting methods out there to deal with the estimation of the response variable primarily based on the situation of whether or not the previous is the same as the future or not might be introduced on this module.

Today, virtually all business verticals, regardless of their customer orientation, are actively hiring Data Scientists, making it very worthwhile to get certified. The fashionable-day know-how has been experiencing an unbelievable improve. One of the most recent technologies that have attained a fast demand in Data Science. Data science has become a necessity for many industries in latest times. Many are in haunting for a reliable data science institutes to grasp this exciting expertise and have a tremendous future. The PGP- management candidates come with a variety of work expertise from 4 to 10+ years.

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This skilled Data Science training program will help you in getting transformed right into a full-fledged Data Science professional. By the time of your Data Science training course completion, you'd have developed all the important skills needed to deal with the real-world challenges across the trade verticals. So if you're interested in building a profession in Data Science then look no additional past Kelly Technologies Data Science Course in Hyderabad program.

at Digital Nest is tailored and curated to swimsuit each non-technical/technical background students and put them comfy while learning. This has triggered a huge demand and supply hole, where they hunt for knowledge scientists is relentless, and the availability for which is the naked minimal. at Digital Nest provides you a robust curriculum that aims to equip our students with practical and analytical skills. Data Science has specific deliverables and objectives that come with it.

Although the demand is rising, there may be an acute scarcity of expert professionals. The field of information science offers several job roles in several sectors. Hence it's impossible to deal with such an unlimited quantity of information using conventional applied sciences. The extra quantity of information we use, the extra accurate outcomes we derive. Hence, knowledge science has made a mark within the digital world by deriving the best outcomes by accessing large datasets. The PG Data Science Course is an built-in and austere program that accompanies a continuous evaluation system.

360digitmg offers three different modes of coaching in India, namely Online, Classroom and Self Learning. The classes are performed by skilled trade professionals. Since it involves various elements of superior technologies, corresponding to Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Artificial Intelligence, among others, it is comparatively tough to learn. However, 360digitmg Data Scientist coaching is obtainable by consultants in this domain who have plenty of expertise within the subject.

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Is it just one’s expertise or are there other factors that influence the return within the labor market. This project relies on healthcare and healthcare companies widely use Machine Learning models. This is among the critical projects of the PG in Data Science course. If you might be in search of a Data Science course with placement opportunities, this is the right Data Science and Engineering course to excel in your career.

The salaries of those professions is determined by the recruiting company and are subjective in nature. It is estimated that the average salary for fresher roles in Data analytics(0-three years) varies between 3-8 lakhs. People typically spend lots of time browsing via on-line purchasing websites, but the conversion fee into purchases is low. Determine the chance of purchase based on the given features in the dataset. The dataset consists of function vectors belonging to 12,330 online sessions. The purpose of this project is to establish user behaviour patterns to successfully perceive the features that influence gross sales.

Data Scientist is among the hottest professions.IBM predicts the demand for Data Scientists will rise by 28% by 2020. In the statistics area, you’ll find out about probability, regression and inference, to name a few. Segments on machine studying will put together you design algorithms that learn on their very own. SQL and Hadoop will assist you to to deal with large volumes of knowledge- access it, manipulate it and break it.

As part of this module learn about another Deep Learning algorithm SVM which can be a black field technique. SVM is about creating boundaries for classifying information in multidimensional areas. These boundaries are called hyperplanes which can be linear or non-linear boundaries which segregate the categories to a maximum margin attainable. Learn about kernel methods application to transform the info into high dimensional spaces to classify the non-linear areas into linearly separable information. Revise Bayes theorem to develop a classification method for Machine studying. In this tutorial you'll find out about joint probability and its functions.

You will study about the distribution of the info and its form using these calculations. Understand to intercept data by representing information by visuals. Also study Univariate evaluation, Bivariate analysis and Multivariate analysis.

I have attended a webinar given by IBM’s Senior Expert Mr G Ananthapadmanabhan (Practice leader – Analytics) on Emerging trends in Analytics and Artificial Intelligence. It was a great session and got a primary thought of how AI is being used in analytics these days. After the end of the session, I was glad to hitch the Data Science program. The mentorship through trade veterans and pupil mentors makes this system extremely participating. Data Engineer –with a mean salary of $151,498, to carry out actual-time processing on knowledge that is visualized and saved.

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naturopathycanada · 4 years ago

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What Are Integrative & Functional Medicine?

Integrative Medicine

Integrative Medicine is a combination of traditional medicine with complementary alternative medical treatments.

Integrative Medicine takes into consideration different recovery practices varying for Traditional Chinese Medicine to Alternative Medicine and Herbal Medicine The underlying approach neither turns down conventional medicine nor uncritically approves different therapies. It is inclusive of alternate clinical traditions. Integrative Medicine includes a much bigger world than does Useful Medicine yet it is not as doggedly adherent to published evidence as FM.

Functional Medicine.

Practical Medicine is a proof based systems biology technique to human health, functioning and also disease.

Allows unpack this interpretation. First, it is not the standard version of determining a certain condition and also using the conventional list of treatment methods or alternatives. FM identifies that condition is a continuum not a basic time in a person's background of health. It also acknowledges a person's organic individuality and takes into consideration their personal health and wellness history, condition development and also therapy preferences. It is not simply calling an illness and afterwards using the accepted treatment. FM with the practical medication matrix attempts to uncover the origin of a person's condition and afterwards to attend to the interconnected web of communications as well as get to the root cause of reasons.

The most significant thing that divides Useful Medicine from various other kinds of medicine is its adherence to this systems organic technique as shared in the useful medicine matrix.

Examples

Case Study: Diabetic Issues

1. Traditional Medicine Strategy

Diabetes is a disease entity defined by a random sugar over 200, 3 abstaining sugars over 125 or a hemoglobin A1c of 6.5 or better. When among these levels is gotten to, after that the first line medicine of metformin is started. Diet as well as lifestyle changes are suggested. If adequate control is not reached after that 2nd line nutraceuticals are started (i.e.- Januvia, Onglyza, Invokana, Jardiance). If these don't take to control, after that other nutraceuticals and also inevitably insulin is begun.

2. Integrative Medicine Method

Along with the above, herbals and supplements would certainly be thought about for treatment. Natural herbs like cinnamon or typical remedies such as apple cider vinegar have actually been made use of to help with insulin resistance. Supplements such as berberine, alpha lipoic acid and also curcumin are also made use of. Several diabetics have mineral deficiencies in B vitamins and magnesium in addition to Vitamin D so these would certainly be taken into consideration as therapy choices. Sometimes a cleaning type diet plan or a detoxification diet are implemented.

3. Functional Medicine Strategy

Practical Medicine identifies the above yet likewise would consist of a personalized systems biology strategy which would look vastly various for individuals based on their evaluation. Too in the Practical Medicine standard, based upon one of the most current clinical literary works, insulin resistance is a spectrum in which an A1c over 5.5 or abstaining sugar over 100 are pens of insulin resistance as well as therapy would certainly start at this phase as opposed to wait until the A1c goes to 6.5.

Diabetes mellitus is a part of a bigger range of diseases commonly called Metabolic Syndrome. For example, an individual might have cleansing concerns leading to systemic vascular swelling as well as insulin resistance. Or an additional may have pancreatic or biliary deficiency causing incomplete food digestion and inadequate nutritional absorption which may influence blood sugar level guideline. Somebody else can have an immunologic reaction with a certain food like gluten causing vascular swelling and also insulin resistance as well as a 4th person could have all the above. Function Medicine would certainly attend to these.

Case Study: Fibromyalgia

1. Standard Medicine Approach

Fibromyalgia is a pain condition which also consists of sleep disturbances along with stomach and also psychological signs. Treatment depends upon the expression of these symptoms in the client. Rated workout has actually been shown to aid with the fatigue and discomfort of Fibro. The rest disturbances have to be dealt with as well as depending upon the extent the client may be provided sleep nutraceuticals, benzos (like Valium), and even irregular antipsychotics (like Seroquel). The pain syndrome is hard to resolve and several varying drug kinds are used whether SNRIs (i.e.- Cymbalta) or tricyclics (i.e.-amitriptyline) or nerve nutraceuticals (i.e.-Lyrica or gabapentin). If none of the normal therapies work, then many times narcotics are carried out to treat the unrestrained discomfort.

2. Integrative Medicine Method.

Fibromyalgia is a disorder and not necessarily a condition as well as therefore the treatments are variable and split. Light massage therapy or myofascial launch may benefit many individuals and acupuncture is a most likely to treatment in this arena as Fibro is seen as representing Chi stagnation. Homeopathics also have actually been utilized for the symptoms of Fibro. Standard therapists will recommend clay bathrooms for their detoxifying results and also biofeedback therapies may help with several of the psychological indications of Fibro. Many dietary deficiencies are seen in these people and also a vast array of supplements may be handy from 5 HTP, magnesium as well as minerals to vitamin d and Epsom salt baths.

3. Practical Medicine Approach.

In 2016 new research, out of the Massachusetts General Healthcare facility at Harvard revealed that Fibromyalgia is a brain based disorder market by swelling in immune support cells in the mind (i.e.- microglial cells). This inflammatory waterfall may start in youth using Major Negative Youth Occasions (MACE Events) or due to chronic reduced quality toxic substance exposure. More recent animal researches have revealed chronic infection designs related to the development of Fibro (i.e.-chronic mono). Recent discoveries in mitochondrial energetics have actually located a link with mitochondrial contaminants as well as fibro, this links heavy metals such as mercury in addition to medicines such as simvastatin with nerve damages as well as fibromyalgia. An Useful Medicine Matrix assessment would take the people personal tale as well as signs and symptoms and afterwards line these up with the existing most recent medical literary works as well as attempt to uncover the time line of events that led up to the initiation and also proliferation of the person's fibromyalgia. After that, like the layers of an onion, layer by layer a treatment method would certainly be applied, realizing that it may take 6-- 9 months prior to seeing substantial enhancements, even though for several renovations are seen in as little as 2-- 3 months.

Study: Persistent Pain

1. Standard Medicine Technique

Persistent Pain is a medical diagnosis that has actually FDA authorized therapies. When the diagnosis is made, the accepted therapies are used in succession based upon Randomized Controlled Trial data as well as the stamina of evidence for the competency of the accepted therapies.

2. Integrative Medicine Method

Persistent Pain may be caused by several imbalances in an individual's body. These discrepancies may be managed with traditional drugs, acupuncture, dietary and also nutritional assistance, herbals or manual therapies.

3. Practical Medicine Strategy

Chronic Discomfort is the final usual path to several underlying dysregulations in an individual's internal linked internet of organic systems. Through a thorough background as well as physical examination, the doctor tries to identify which systems are entailed and after that in an arranged fashion to begin to deal with these problems. The systems dealt with may include: Structural, Detoxification, Communication, Assimilation, Defense as well as Repair Service, Transportation, Energy and also Personal Way Of Life Variables.

The post “ What Are Integrative & Functional Medicine? “ was originally seen on Richmond Functional Medicine

Learn how naturopathic medicine works. Visit Dr. Amauri Caversan ND, Toronto wellness clinic.

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siva3155 · 6 years ago

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300+ TOP PEGA Objective Questions and Answers

PEGA Multiple Choice Questions :-

1. HTML streams are subject to rule resolution. Is this statement true or false? A. TRUE B. FALSE C. Both A and B D. None of These Ans: A 2. PegaRULES Process Commander standard harness activities and starting HTML streams are meant to work as-is, with links to built-in processing capabilities. For this reason, it is best not to overlay either the harness activity or the starting HTML stream. Is this statement true or false? A. TRUE B. FALSE C. Both 1 and 2 D. None of These Ans: A 3. A ___________ is a container for your application business logic, which is defined in rules. A. RuleSet B. Class C. Workflow D. TFlow action Ans: A 4. An Assignment is a task in a flow that requires user input and may assign the work object to an individual work list or workbasket. Is this statement true or false? A. TRUE B. FALSE C. Both 1 and 2 D. None of These Ans: A 5. Rule resolution dynamically selects the right rule by searching your profile Rule set list across multiple dimensions, including purpose, class, rule set and version, date and time range, circumstance and security. ( True /False) A. TRUE B. FALSE C. Both 1 and 2 D. None of These Ans: A 6. For System architect after estimating the ROI and successfactors what is the Step to do next(check this) A. develop test plans and results B. assist business presentation C. Financial validation D. Rule seizing tool Ans: A 7. In describing a Router, which of the following statement is false? A. Routers tell Assignments specifically where they should go. B. Routers are not required on every Assignment. C. Routers execute specific Activities. D. Many Routers of the same name may exist in a single Visio flow. Ans: A 8. Can we give audit not in utility A. Yes B. No C. Both D. None Of These Ans: A 9. Ticket shape represents A. Resume Execution B. Exception C. Notifying D. Calling another flow Ans: A 10. Related declarative rules can span Rule sets, but they must reside in the same class in order to be invoked appropriately by PegaRULES Process Commander. Is this statement true or false? A. TRUE B. FALSE C. Both D. None of These Ans: A

PEGA MCQs 11. Related declarative rules can span RuleSets, but they must reside in the same class in order to be invoked appropriately by PegaRULES Process Commander A. TRUE B. FALSE C. Both D. None of These Ans: A 12. A _________ is a container for your application business logic, which is defined in rules A. Rule Set B. Class C. WorkFlow D. Flow action Ans: A 13. The property for the purpose of handle i.e., pzInsKey (which serves the purpose of primary key) is defined in following class A. @baseless' B. Data- C. History- D. Rule- Ans: A 14. Users of the PegaRULES Process Commander system are defined by A. access groups, access roles and operatorID's B. access groups, security groups and operatorID's C. a user class D. security groups and access roles Ans: A 15. Parameter Page can be referenced by which of the following keyword. A. Param B. Parameter C. Local D. Primary Ans: A 16. Utility activities cannot use which of the following methods A. Show-Html B. Obj-Save C. Obj-Open D. Commit Ans: A 17. Which rules automate the process of monitoring work completion and notifying the appropriate person when additional scrutiny or action is warranted A. Agents B. Service levels C. Flows D. When conditions Ans: B 18. In the ReportWizard, what does Data Source field contains for a Rule-Obj-SummaryView A. your Ruleset B. your work pool C. All work pools in the system D. Work Ans: B 19. Class Explorer is a tool that is available to system architects and system administrators only. Is this statement true or false A. TRUE B. FALSE C. Both D. None of These Ans: B 20. Which of the flow shapes are appropriate for defining the path of execution according to complex "if...then" logic? A. Utility B. Decision Tree C. Router D. Split for each. Ans: B 21. When we use Page-Rename method what happens, if the new name that we specify already exists in the clipboard A. It flags appropriate warning message B. System deletes that page and replaces with renamed page C. It keeps quiet without any action D. System renames the current page so that there will be two clipboard pages with same name. Ans: B 22. We know that if there are multiple instances with same visible key, rule resolution algorithm determines which one to return. If I want to explicitly specify the version I want (i.e. keeping the rule resolution algorithm aside), which of the following method need to be used? A. Obj-Open B. Obj-Open-By-Handle C. Obj-Open-By-Key D. Obj-Open-By-InsKey Ans: B 23. For most of the concrete classes, PRPC comes with a standard model called A. pyStandard B. pyDefault C. pyDefModel D. pyStdModel Ans: B 24. Declarative rules such as Rule-Declare-Expressions and Rule-Declare-Constraints can be specialized using circumstances. A. TRUE B. FALSE C. Both D. None of These Ans: B 25. Use a ___________ rule to convert one or two input values (text, numbers or dates) into a single resulting value, where the decision criteria fits a table or matrix structure A. Decision Tree B. Decision Map C. Decision Table D. Decision Trigger Ans: B 26. What is the difference between activity methods Call and Branch? A. Branch transfers control to another activity and returns to original activity after called activity completes whereas call transfers control to another activity by terminating present activity B. Branch transfers control to another activity by terminating present activity whereas call transfers control to another activity and returns to original activity when called activity completes C. Both transfer control to another activity by terminating present activity D. Both transfer control to another activity and resume to original activity when called activity is completed Ans: B 27. There is property which stores the value of create date and time or create operator (perhaps for a work object). What is the prefix for these kind of properties A. py B. px C. pz D. ps Ans: B 28. Rules like Notify,Utility,Route belongs A. Rule-HTML-Property B. Rule-Obj-Activity C. Rule-Obj-Flow D. Rule-Declare-Onchange Ans: B 29. We use Rule-HTML-Property A. To display a property on a harness, harness section or html B. To display a property in a particular format C. It is not used in the HTML D. None of These Ans: B 30. Which of the following type of standard properties cannot be tailored when you are customizing application in your own rule set. In other words, which of the following type of properties can not be saved as to our class/ruleset A. px B. py C. pz D. None of These Ans: C 31. For creating tabbed look,which rule is considered A. Section B. Property C. Harness D. None of These Ans: C 32. Which tool is used by the user to check for the Parameter values in the flow? A. Parameter Page B. Rules Inspector C. Tracer D. Clipboard Ans: C 33. Which of the following tools would you use to view the HTML associated with the fragment? A. Class Explorer B. Look Up Rules C. Inspector D. Image Catalog Ans: C 34. According to SmartBuild, what is the appropriate order to design/develop the following elements? A. User Interface, Properties, Class Structure, Process Flows B. Class Structure, Properties, User Interface, Process Flows C. Class Structure, Process Flows, User Interface, Properties D. Properties, Class Structure, User Interface, Process Flows Ans: C 35. How many declarative standard rules are there in PRPC? A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 5 Ans: C 36. In a Declare-Expression rule, If I want to use an expression, which contains expressions, function calls, constants etc. Which of the following to be used. A. Expressions that calls themselves and contains constants B. Expressions that calls Circular expressions C. Expressions that calls Rule-Utility-Function D. Both a and b Ans: C 37. While using a Page-Copy method, what happens if system does not find the destination page (copy into page) in the clipboard A. It flags appropriate warning message B. It keeps quiet C. A new page with destination page name is created and properties are copied from source page to destination page D. An alias name with destination page name is created to source page itself, so that you can refer source page with both names. Ans: C 38. What happens when we call Page-Remove followed by Commit method? A. It removes the clipboard page and contents of database are also changed accordingly B. It changes contents of database only C. It removes only clipboard page D. It neither removes clipboard page nor changes the contents of database Ans: C 39. Given the Rule-Obj-WorkParties definition above, which of the following roles would show up by default when a user creates a new work object? A. Customer and Originator B. Only Customer C. Customer, Originator, and Interested D. Customer and Interested Ans: C 40. Which of the following rules should not be maintained by business users/process architects? A. Rule-Declare-DecisionTable B. Rule-Obj-FlowAction C. Rule-Edit-Input D. Rule-Obj-Validate Ans: D 41. A ___________ is a container for your application business logic, which is defined in rules. A. Work flow B. Class C. Rule set D. Flow action Ans: C 42. A Process Flow has been designed that routes an assignment to a workgroup manager. An additional requirement is that the manager be able to attach a budget spreadsheet to the assignment before approving the assignment. This is best accomplished using a: A. Rule-Template-Excel instance B. Local Assignment C. Connector Flow Action D. Correspondence Rule Ans: D 43. Where .PropertyName is the name of a property, which of the following is the correct syntax for a property reference directive that would allow the user to assign the property value? A. (.PropertyName INPUT) B. C. D. {.PropertyName INPUT} Ans: D 44. __________ control the user experience - the forms and their appearance, content and behavior. A. Properties B. Security levels C. Work Objects D. Harness Ans: D 45. The portal layout for group of users can be generally controlled from which of the following A. Organization B. Division C. Unit D. Access Group Ans: D 46. Which of the following directives 'comments out' authoring notes in a PegaRULES Process Commander HTML object? A. /* This is a comment */ B. // This is a comment C. {COMMENT This is a comment /} D. {COMMENT} This is a comment {/COMMENT} Ans: D 47. Which of the following statement best describes Directed Web Access? A. A rule to distribute calls that works in conjunction with CTI (Computer Telephony Integration). B. Anyone with access to the corporate intranet on which PegaRULES Process Commander is available, can process an assignment, on a one-time or infrequent as-needed basis. C. Anyone with internet access and the appropriate security credentials can process an assignment, on a one-time or infrequent as-needed basis. D. Anyone accessing the World Wide Web (or an intranet) and e-mail can process an assignment, on a one-time or infrequent as-needed basis. Ans: D 48. Which of the following violates a SmartBuild best practice regarding flow design? A. An Assignment with three Connector Flow Actions and four Local Flow Actions B. A flow that calls more than two sub flows C. A flow with four utility shapes linked together D. A flow that spans multiple Visio pages Ans: D 49. List some of the standard connectors that come with PRPC , which enable it to connect to external systems? (choose) A. Rule-Connect-EJB B. Rule-Connect-JMS C. Rule-Connect-Java D. All of These Ans: D 50. User created using application accelerator will have default password as A. Install B. Pega C. Default D. Rules Ans: D 51. Which of the following best describes Declarative constraints? A. A rule used to automatically calculate and recalculate the value of a property. B. A rule used to ensure that the appropriate Rule set is utilized C. A rule used to automatically default data into a field. D. A rule used to ensure that a property meets predefined conditions Ans: D 52. When we store an instance of process commander in database as a record, the following suffices the purpose of primary key. A. Instance Name B. Instance Name + Class name C. An integer serial number D. Special key generated by PRPC Ans: D 53. The purpose of table edit when we define a property is A. To specify description of property B. To specify embedded page class name for property C. To specify default value D. To specify a set of legal/ valid values for that property Ans: D 54. The class of a work object cover must be in the same __________ as any associated work object classes. (Pick the correct answer) A. RuleSet Name B. Org Unit C. RuleSet Version D. Class Group Ans: D 55. When an individual rule has an Availability setting of No/Draft (rather than Yes), the rule is no longer usable in many situations. Which statement does NOT apply to rules with this Availability setting? A. The rule may reference other rules that do not exist B. The rule is never selected and executed by Process Commander rule resolution. C. You can change the Availability setting from No/Draft to Yes. D. The rule can belong to a RuleSet or Version that does not exist. Ans: D 56. Which of the flow shapes can be used for a path execution in a situations like “if…then” logic? A. Utility B. Decision tree C. Router D. Split for Each Ans: B 57. Which of the following rule best describes the following needs Through cascading (where one rule calls another), this rule can provide an output based on three, four or more inputs. a. When Condition b. Decision Tree c. Decision Map d. When Directive Ans: c 58. A _________ is a container for your application business logic, which is defined in rules. a. Rule set b. Class c. Workflow d. Flow action Ans: a 59. Which rules automate the process of monitoring work completion and notifying the appropriate person when additional scrutiny or action is warranted a. Agents b. Service levels c. Flows d. When conditions ANS: b 60. PegaRULES Process Commander supports the assignment of work to four types of destination. What are they? A. Agent B. External C. Worklist D. WorkBasket Ans: A 61. Where .PropertyName is the name of a property, which of the following is the correct syntax for a property reference directive that would allow the user to assign the property value? a) (.PropertyName INPUT) c) d) {.PropertyName INPUT} Ans: d 62. For most of the concrete classes, PRPC comes with a standard model called a. pyStandard b. pyDefault c. pyDefModel d. pyStdModel Ans: b 68. Which of the following are usually designed to correspond to one database table in Process Commander. a. Access Group b. Class Group c. Work Group d. Data Group. e. Class Ans: b 69. All the standard properties in process commander begin with a. px b. py c. pz d. all of the above Ans: d 70. What is the consequence of checking in the “Special” check box while creating a property? a) Property is display only b) Property is display as well as editable c) Property is input by user d) Property is calculated by system Ans: a 71. All the routing activities return its result in an output parameter called a) AllocatedTo b) RoutedTo c) AssignTo d) BranchedTo Ans: c 72. Which of the following property / properties are not aggregate properties? a) Page b) PageList c) PageGroup d) Value e) ValueGroup f) ValueList Ans: d 73. Which of the following are used to specify default values for properties associated with a class a) Sets b) Models c) Defaults d) Formats Ans: b 74. Each record in (row) in relational database corresponds to one of the following in Process Commander. In other words, one row in table is created whenever following of process commander is created.( choose more and more appropriate answer) a. Flow for a class b. Model for a class c. Activity for a class d. Flow action for a class e. Instance of any class Ans: e 75. When we store an instance of process commander in database as a record, the following suffices the purpose of primary key. a. Instance Name b. Instance Name + Class name c. An integer serial number d. Special key generated by PRPC Ans: d 76. There is property which stores the value of create date and time or create operator (perhaps for a work object). What is the prefix for these kind of properties a. px b. py c. pz d. All of the above Ans: a 77. Which of the following is not the place where u can add rule sets as an access control mechanism a. Organization b. Division c. Unit d. Access Group e. Operator creation Ans: c, e 78. Which of the following type of standard properties cannot be tailored when you are customizing application in your own rule set. In other words, which of the following type of properties can not be saved as to our class/ruleset a. px b. py c. pz Ans: c 79. Parameter Page can be referenced by which of the following keyword a. Param b. param c. Parameter d. Local e. Primary Ans: a, b 80. The following method is used to make Obj-Save method not be effective and hence not to be taken up by subsequent Commit method a. Obj- Save-Cancel b. Obj-Save-Rollback c. Obj-Save-Drop d. Obj-All-Rollback Ans: a 81. ———– Check box in Obj-Save method and ———- Check box in Obj-Delete method facilitate immediate write into database, without actually waiting for Commit method a. Immediate, Write-Now b. Write-Now, Immediate c. Save-Now, Immediate d. Immediate, Save-Now Ans: b 82. Properties that have prefix px can only be set only with following method a. Property-Set b. Property-Set-Px c. Property-Set-Special d. Property-Configure-Px Ans: c 83. Which of the following three class groups process commander by default contains on installation a. Work-Cover b. Work-General c. Work-Folder d. PegaAccel d. Data-Admin e. History-PegaSample f. PegaSamples Ans: d, e, f 84. Which prefix to a property name indicates that its value can be updated directly by a Worker inputting information through a web form? a)ps b)py c)px d)pz Ans: b 85. Which of the flow shapes are appropriate for defining the path of execution according to complex “if…then” logic? a)Utility b)Decision Tree c)Router d)Split for each. Ans: b 86. Users of the PegaRULES Process Commander system are defined by a. access groups, access roles and operatorID’s b. access groups, security groups and operatorID’s c. a user class d. security groups and access roles Ans: a 87. Goal and Deadline escalation is managed by… a. Using Service Levels b. Using appropriate Assignments c. Using Decision Trees d. Adding a Router to an Assignment Ans: a 88.Local Flow Actions are added to which task form? a. Assignment b. Utility c. Decision d. Connector Ans: a 89.In describing a Router, which of the following statements is false? A) Routers tell Assignments specifically where they should go. B) Routers are not required on every Assignment. C) Routers execute specific Activities. D) Many Routers of the same name may exist in a single Visio flow. Ans: a 90. When adding a Connector to an Assignment, the Likelihood associated with the Action represents which of the following? A) The likelihood that a benchmark is to be met. B) An indication of how likely it is that the work follows the specified path. C) The likelihood that a goal will be met. D) The likelihood that a goal will not be met. Ans: b 91. Flows and Assignments work together to ________? A) Resolve work and Reply to work B) Receive work and Report on work. C) Review work and Report on work D) Route work and Resolve work. Ans: d 92. Process Commander comes with eight standard Service Levels that can be used right out of the box. Of the four choices below, choose the one that is a standard Service Level. A) Approval B) To Recipient C) To Approver D) NotifyManager Ans: A and D 93.What is a clipboard page in PegaRULES Process Commander? a) An object stored in memory b) A Pegasystems extension of the Windows clipboard c) An area of memory on the client PC reserved for user data d) A record in the PegaRULES Process Commander database used to store user Ans: A 94. In designing a class structure for an application, what should the first step be? a. Identify primary users b. Identify systems that the application will be interfacing with c. Identify major units of completed work d. Identify the key tasks that the application will perform Ans:D 95.What is the name of standard PegaRULES Process Commander models? a. pyStandard b. pxDefault c. pxModel d. pyDefault Ans: D 96.What type of rule should you create to calculate the value of a property automatically based on changes in other properties? a. Model b. Formula c. Declarative constraint d. Declarative expression Ans:D 97. Correspondence fragments are __________? a. not associated with an application-specific class and thus can be used system-wide b. small pieces of HTML that can be reused only within your application c. associated with a Rule set and class, but not with a correspondence type d. used only for graphics. Ans: B 98. __________ control the user experience – the forms and their appearance, content and behavior. A. Properties B. Security levels C. Work objects D. Harnesses Ans:D 99. Which rules automate the process of monitoring work completion and notifying the appropriate person when additional scrutiny or action is warranted? a) Agents b) Service levels c) Flows d) When conditions Ans: B 100. Which directive would you use to retrieve a property value from an instance not present on the clipboard? a) Reference directive b) Literal directive c) Lookup directive d) Java directive Ans: C PEGA Interview Questions PEGA Questions and Answers pdf Download Read the full article

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organizationalchart-blog · 6 years ago

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Organizational Charts

Vision channels the path that the mission treks in the accomplishment of a purpose. An company with organizational chart is the purposeful design of responsibilities and duties targeted at fixing the puzzle of concern. A well defined dream announces vacancies (personnel) of capabilities and qualification for its realization. Insight seeks to find plans that call for right execution.

A laudable project requires a body of execution process measured with precision. Concisely, the definition of what, why, how and when must be spelled out to clarify and answer for the requirements meant to hit the target. The consideration needed in a successful projection is made without assumption that is beyond negligible. In essence, integration and disintegration to overcome and empower, as the case may be, forces must be incorporated in the general calculus; there should be association and dissociation, appropriately, to give a set of variables meant to reveal the aspiration and desire.

Unity of vision has been known to be the multiplying effect that assures the accomplishment of a task. The belief, and the sharing of the same, must be prerequisite for admission into the inner circle of those that directly affect the policy. Destination is the determinant of accompany in a journey embarked upon. Relevance is the measure, in degree, of agreement with a stand point. Correlation establishes connection and relationship through the instrumentality of intersection, combination, and other set theories. This is the inference gotten from comparison of similarities and disparities or as may be required of the other pairs to establish a level of confidence.

Networking is responsible for pool of information, the data base, readily made available for betterment and advancement. Inter-relationship strikes out a workable plan that is formidable in attainment of conceived height. The resultant effort of successful engagement of right departments assures greater profitability. This is because fruitfulness is disjointed to reveal group of reactants that were in their individualities limited and incapable - Ideology is a cord that is strengthened by the interwoven of ideas meant to draw a minimum weight.

Empowerment in form of endowment, enablement and equipment is the mandate given to run an office. Performance is directly proportional to the exercised authority. Ability is the measure of input utilized which is the derivative of empowerment. Availability of resources is the assurance of machineries in production. The categorical distribution of resources down the line shows important levels meant to systematically achieve the goal. This is the expressed clarification on the expectation towards stages of responsibilities in terms of decision and its execution. This is the graphical representation that highlights weight of responsibility hung on each feature without strain and stress. This is the employment of the calculated result to establish qualification meant to operate the office. It sought for the fortification that meets up with the specification in sacrificing offerings worthy of foreseen blessing.

This is the parable of the tree! The importance of the root, foundation, in upholding the structure and providing of nutrient noted. The relevance of the trunk in bearing and supplying the branches is accounted. The profitability of the branches in terms of fruits presented can not be hidden. This is instructor in the art of teamwork in advanced division of labor. Different levels of processing are lined up in stages for necessary passage before a satisfactory product is had. Provision is made available for examining, in detail, the segments incorporated by keeping the resultant variable constant. The tracing of the complex matrix is made easy and possible, either way, by just taking it up.

This is the observation made to see the flow of actions in agreement with the course. The definition of the rate at the sectional channel of the flow presented to justify varied nature displayed - This explained the magnitude and direction of flow. This shows apportionment leading to the balance maintained in the main and branches of the dynamism.

#company with organizational chart

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studyingcompeng-blog · 8 years ago

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i was wondering what sort of things you learn in your classes and what kinds of projects you do, and what kind of careers you could pursue with your degree

Hi, I’m so sorry that answering this took so long! I’ve been really tired after I get home from work, and basically just falling asleep right after dinner haha :) I guess my body hasn’t adjusted from being a student to working full-time for my internship.

So, before we start, I’d just like to point out that the information below is specific to my Computer Engineering program at Georgia Tech, and while most schools will have a similar curriculum, it will not be exactly the same as what I have written here. This is in part due to the rather loose definition of what Computer Engineering actually is, and why it’s different from Computer Science and Electrical Engineering. Also, faculty at different schools have different research interests and funding, so the topics again may vary in depth and coverage due to that as well (though typically I would assume undergrad classes are less variable than graduate programs).

WHAT IS COMPUTER ENGINEERING?

This is a common question. Many people tend to mistake Computer Engineering for Computer Science, but while the two fields are similar, they are not the same thing.

Wikipedia defines Computer Engineering in a general sense as “a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software.“ I would say that this is true. Computer Engineering is the practice of combining software and hardware to create complex computing systems, such as computers, cell phones, smart TVs, and more.

Thus, Computer Engineering heavily overlaps both Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, using parts from both to create something unique. I like to compare the three fields to chocolate - milk chocolate, dark chocolate, and white chocolate. They’re all chocolates, but have different flavors. Which one you prefer is really a personal choice based on your interests!

There are also subtopics within Computer Engineering that lean more heavily toward either software or hardware, and either Computer Science or Electrical Engineering. I will get into that more, further down.

CLASS TOPICS

I’m not sure how familiar you are with topics within Computer Engineering, so I’ll provide a list with some explanations.

THE BASICSEveryone in the major will start out with these topics. In fact, at my university, both Computer Engineering majors and Electrical Engineering majors must learn these topics before moving on to more specialized topics.

Programming FundamentalsThis topic covers good practices when writing code, and gives an introduction to programming. You begin to learn about some problems that arise with programming, and trade offs that you can choose between when making design choices. For example, you need to design a program that can do matrix arithmetic very fast. What is the best way to write code for this? What language should you use? How can you make your code run more efficiently (i.e. ideally you would make it run faster while minimizing the amount of computing resources you need, such as memory)?

Boolean Algebra and LogicComputers run on 0s and 1s. They don’t understand things like “2 + 2″ in the same manner as humans do. In order for you to get a computer to add 2+2, you must use the binary number system. In this example, the number 2 is represented in binary as 0010. Adding 2 + 2 yields 4, or in binary 0100. Boolean Algebra explains how to do arithmetic using the binary system, and delves into the topics of how to represent negative numbers without a negative sign, as well as boolean logic operations, like AND and OR. This is extremely useful for understanding more specialized topics, such as Computer Architecture, where you will have to design the physical devices that can execute these logic and arithmetic operations on 1s and 0s.

ElectricityThis one’s pretty self explanatory. If you’re designing a system that requires electricity to run, you’ll need to understand how electricity works. Typically you’ll learn most of what you need to know about electricity in your basic physics classes, with more information introduced as you progress into more upper-level classes in your academic career.

Circuit AnalysisCircuit Analysis is a tool that helps you understand how a circuit you are working with or designing will behave. The basic introductory class will cover similar topics as an introductory physics class on electromagnetism, but will go more in depth on circuits specifically than the physics class will. You will learn how certain devices (resistors, capacitors, and inductors) affect the input and output voltages and currents of a circuit, and be able to calculate how much power a circuit consumes over time. You also may learn about operational amplifiers (op-amps) which are used in a huge variety of things to take a small input signal and make the output signal much bigger. A good example is speakers! Personally, I loved these classes. They were lots of fun.

Basic Calculus-Based PhysicsReiterating, you will need to take a basic physics course that covers electromagnetism, especially if you are more interested in hardware than software. This will set the foundation of your understanding of how electronic devices work, and how different components interact with each other.

ADVANCED TOPICS

Algorithms (overlaps with Computer Science)An algorithm is a process or function that describes how to solve a problem. It can also be a set of steps that when followed, will lead you to the answer. In the case of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, algorithms serve the same purpose. For example, a famous algorithm is Djikstra’s Algorithm, which is used to find the shortest path between some number of points. In algorithms classes, you will learn more on what an algorithm is, when and how to use an algorithm, what some examples of widely used algorithms today are, and how to create your own algorithms. You will also learn how to write code for these algorithms, so that you can use them in your programs and projects.

Data Structures (overlaps with Computer Science) A data structure is basically a container for data that you use while programming. These classes go over more advanced programming concepts, and introduce different types of data structures. You will explore the tradeoffs and benefits to using various data structures in your programs, and when is the best occasion to use what type. You may also learn about popular algorithms used to do things like search through data inside a data structure, and how to write code for such algorithms.

Computer Architecture (overlaps with Computer Science)Have you ever taken apart a phone or laptop, and looked at the circuit boards inside? How do all the different components come together to make a device that you can interact with and use in so many different ways? That is the basis for Computer Architecture. In this topic, you will learn about system level design for a computer or other computing device. Classes will cover memory, caches, data paths, instruction set architecture, and how hardware can be unified with software at the physical machine interface to develop a working device. This is a very interesting field, and there is a lot of demand for bigger, better machines every year. Although the concepts can be complex and challenging, the reward of studying this field is high.

Embedded Systems and Low-level Programming(overlaps with Computer Science)Embedded Systems covers the interactions between physical hardware and machinery, and a programmer’s code that controls the machine. It is essentially a step up from Computer Architecture, in terms of how “low-level”, or close to the hardware, your interactions are.

Digital DesignAt a basic level, digital systems rely on only 1s and 0s, or in the case of a circuit, some “high” voltage, and a different “low” voltage. The voltages in between the high and low voltages don’t really matter, except that we consider them as “garbage values” since they’re neither 1 or 0, they’re somewhere in between. So then, Digital Design is the process of designing circuits that can use these 1 and 0 values to do computations and logical operations. Some basic examples are logic gates, adders, and shifters. Those small components are then combined to create large systems, such as microcontrollers and processors.

Digital Signal Processing (overlaps with Electrical Engineering) If you’re interested in telecommunications, like WiFi or Bluetooth or satellite TV, this is a good field to go into. Digital Signal Processing teaches you how to convert between analog (real-time) and digital (discrete) signals, as well as how signals propagate, what you can with electrical signals, how radio works, and so forth. It’s very interesting, but can be quite challenging. If you are interested in the Internet of Things or low-power energy harvesting devices, this topic will help with gaining a deeper understanding of how parts of those systems work.

Integrated Circuits(overlaps with Electrical Engineering)Integrated circuits are essentially multiple circuits and/or devices combined into one single silicon chip. This topic overlaps with Digital Design. What is unique about integrated circuits is the sheer scale of devices on one chip - you can have billions of transistors on a single, small piece of silicon. Thus it is important to understand how to combine all those devices together, and how the cost and performance of the chips are affected. You also learn how to design these kinds of chips by learning about VLSI - Very Large Scale Integration. I loved the class I took on VLSI, as it was very hands-on and we were able to create our own chips using Cadence Virtuoso, which is a design software suite that professionals use to create their integrated circuit designs.

Hardware Layout(overlaps with Electrical Engineering)Hardware Layout involves creating the physical design of the actual circuit board or other electronic product that you are designing. You will learn how to place components in such a way that you minimize area to keep costs down, and follow other design constraints. Having an understanding of physics is essential, as you will discuss power consumption vs area tradeoffs and other similar topics. You will also learn how circuit boards are manufactured, and depending on the class you may even be able to have the boards you design fabricated so that you can test them.

Microelectronics(overlaps with Electrical Engineering)Microelectronics is the study of small electronic devices such as transistors, amplifiers, and diodes. At an undergraduate level, you will learn how these devices are made, what they do, how to design your own devices, and how to analyze these in circuits. These courses are also fairly heavy in physics, and an understanding of calculus and differential equations is very beneficial. My class covered Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs), operational amplifiers, rectifiers, LEDs, MOS Capacitors, PN Junctions, and laser diodes. This topic is another one that I really enjoyed.

There are of course even more topics, but these are the ones I can think of off the top of my head, and that I have taken or have experience with.

OTHER TOPICS

You will also need to take a course (or multiple courses) on calculus, up to and including Multivariable Calculus, as well as a course on Differential Equations. You will also need to take a course on Statistics, as statistical analyses are needed frequently, especially when dealing with any sort of digital signal processing.

PROJECTS

So there are a variety of things you can get involved in, and I’ll list a few.

Engineering Student OrganizationsThese are great places to get involved in the community while also learning more about your chosen field and gaining team-work skills. They can also be great places to work with other engineers who aren’t in your major. For example, my school has a student organization that works together to design an eco-friendly car every year and enters it in competitions. Many students are involved in this and it looks great on your resume as well! There are also professional organizations that help you learn valuable skills and connect you with employers, but also provide technical workshops and projects. IEEE (Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers) is an organization like this. The student branch on campus not only sponsors companies to visit campus, but also has three teams of students who work on various projects for competitions, such as building robots, designing a drone, etc. You could also find a volunteering opportunity with a student club - at Georgia Tech, there is a group that goes to high schools and middle schools in the area and teaches young students how to code and build small electronics.

Laboratory AssignmentsDuring your laboratory classes, you will have a project every week or so. These are great ways to learn more in a hands-on way. You are often exposed to equipment that you will later see in your career, such as function generators (used to put out electrical signals), oscilloscopes (can measure signals), power sources (they provide power to your circuits), multimeters (used to measure current, voltage, resistance), and so forth. You build your own circuits or devices, and test them, then record the data you measure, and draw conclusions from there. One cool project I had as part of a lab class was to create a breadboard game controller and program a small game for it using C++. The controller had a speaker, push buttons, a small LCD screen, and an accelerometer on it, all controlled by a microcontroller that I programmed. Another project I had a lot of fun with was programming a robot using assembly language and VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language), to make the robot reach several destinations most efficiently. This one was a team project where we were required to give a presentation at the end.

Personal ProjectsWith a personal project, you can do basically anything you want to. There are a lot of ideas on the internet, where people use Raspberry Pis or Arduinos to make cool things, like little robots, Internet of Things devices, gamepads, etc. I don’t really tend to do personal projects, but the things you can do are really endless. I have a friend who was working on designing a door lock for his dorm room so that he didn’t have to use a key, but could just swipe his school ID to open the door. Another friend of mine was working on some machine learning algorithms to create a poetry bot that would generate a random poem in the style of a poet you told it to imitate.

ResearchIf you’re interested in learning about cutting edge technology and solving current problems, a research project is a great way to get involved. The opportunities and programs at your school may vary, but emailing a professor directly and asking if you can work for them is something that will always be common across schools. In the Electrical and Computer Engineering department at Georgia Tech, there are also two programs that will put you on a team of students that work with a professor and a graduate student mentor to solve some sort of research problem. You can even get paid to do this! I work with a research team on developing a method for cheap, efficient renewable energy - solar power from space, which is beamed down to Earth and then converted into usable electric power. Essentially, you could power all sorts of electronics wirelessly - no more need for those pesky charging cables!

CAREERS

With a degree in Computer Engineering, you can do practically anything. Here are some possible career paths, but you could do something outside of these, like starting your own company!

Academia/Professorship If you like doing research at a school, and think you might also like to teach, this is a good path. You’ll need a PhD, and possibly a Master’s degree, depending on whether that’s a requirement for your chosen PhD program. After you get your PhD, you’ll need to find a post-doctoral position somewhere, and from there apply for instructor or assistant professor positions. You can work your way up from an assistant professor, to an associate professor, to finally a professor, hopefully with tenure.According to GlassDoor, the average salary of an assistant professor in Computer Engineering currently is $101,464/year. Payscale, however, notes that the average salary for an associate professor is $88,853/year, so your salary will of course vary greatly with which institution you teach at, and what your specific position is. At Georgia Tech, there are several professors who make over $300,000/year, but they are also typically chairs of the department or some other high-ranking position within the school.

Research & Development EngineerIf you like doing research, but don’t want to have to teach, or the idea of being a professor doesn’t appeal to you, going into R&D at a company might be your cup of tea. R&D engineers typically work on advancing the front edge of technology, and developing the next generation of products. An example would be how smartphones get more powerful every year - a team of R&D engineers is the one behind making the hardware changes that enable better performance and powerful processing. We’ve come a long way since the era of the flip phone.The national average salary for a R&D Engineer in the U.S. is $86,927 per year, according to GlassDoor. For a Senior R&D Engineer, the national average is $97,465/year. This, again, will vary based on which company you work for.

Hardware EngineerHardware engineers typically will design and develop new systems, such as processors, networks, routers, memory systems, and so on, for computer systems. Circuit board design and modeling and simulations comprise a large part of the job. Average salary for a Hardware Engineer is $95,550/year.

Verification EngineerVerification engineers are in charge of checking that a hardware system will run properly under a set of certain operating conditions. Knowledge of VHDL and/or Verilog is required, as is experience with working on FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) systems. Tests are typically done either in simulations and models, or with an FPGA. Average salary for a Verification Engineer is $92,012/year in the U.S.

Software EngineerSoftware engineering positions come in a wide variety of flavors, but all will require knowledge of good programming practices, and contemporary programming knowledge. Typically, someone who has done a Computer Engineering degree will have knowledge of lower level languages, such as C, C++, and assembly, though it is also good to learn Java and Python, as those are popular in industry. Computer Engineering students with exposure to such languages typically choose to go into Software Engineering roles that are closer to the hardware, such as operating systems, networks, or back-end development. Average salary for a Software Engineer in the U.S. is $95,175/year.

Patent LawBecoming a lawyer after getting an engineering degree may seem strange to you, but patent law is actually an area in which it is more beneficial to have technical knowledge as well! Patent lawyers help companies and inventors register patents with the U.S. Patent Office, and make sure that one patent doesn’t infringe on another, or that manufacturers are not infringing on patent rights that are in effect. After getting a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering, you should work in a related industry for a few years, then apply to law school. Getting a job as a patent assistant or getting certified by the U.S. Patent Office will also help with pursuing this career. The average salary for a patent lawyer is $148,000/year.

I hope that helps!! If you have any more questions please don’t hesitate to ask, and I promise I’ll get to them as soon as I possibly can!

Also I forgot to mention, doing an internship over a summer, in between your school years is a great way to figure out what kind of career you’d be interested in. Schools tend to have a lot a career fairs in the fall, when companies visit campus so students can talk to them. Prepare your resume and a list of questions you want to ask about each company, and after the career fairs, make sure to apply to the position you want on the company website! This is a great way to make professional connections and meet people who work in your chosen field.

#computer engineering #georgia tech #anawkwardnerd #careers #electrical engineering #i'm so sorry this took so long!!!#askbox questions #career advice

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caliperposts-blog · 6 years ago

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The 7 Secrets of an Effective Organization!

Leading through organizational effectiveness, and understanding your company’s strengths and challenges, comes down to having a comfort level with change and embracing the struggle. In order to understand where your company is at risk and where it has strengths to be leveraged, there must be a willingness to integrate data and analysis into the process.

This does not always mean quantitative data, because it can also include qualitative data collected through interviews and focus groups with employees. The methodology is less important than the outcome. It is important to understand that different aspects of the organization must be aligned and balanced in order to meet your performance objectives. Putting all your efforts in one area will not get you the performance objectives you seek - whether those objectives are growth, increased profits, or stronger relationships with your customers.

Strong leaders know that it takes a strategic mindset to drive sustainable success. For many companies, however, the concept of a business strategy to drive organizational effectiveness can seem abstract. On one level, “organizational effectiveness” means operating at optimized or near-optimized levels of efficiency and alignment. It also means realizing the potential of the organization so it can become the best version of itself. In short: Success follows companies that implement great strategies for organizational effectiveness.

The bad news (if one chooses to look at it as such) is that optimizing organizational effectiveness takes hard work and commitment. The good news is that the possibility is open to anyone. That is, a business leader does not have to be a rare visionary to achieve organizational effectiveness, but merely someone willing to commit and stay the course.

Companies that separate themselves from the mediocre performers to lead the industry, understand and act on these seven secrets of organizational effectiveness:

1. They embrace the struggle and know where they are headed.

It’s human nature; we don’t like change. Change is hard. But the cost of maintaining the status quo may include loss of market share and being blindsided by new industry players with fresh ideas. Instead of fearing change and putting it off, effective organizations embrace the challenge, knowing it will be tough but also value the opportunity to revitalize the company and reinvigorate their effort. It may be a cliché, but sometimes it’s as much about the journey as the destination. Look toward the change process as a way to energize the team. Whether change involves a single department or an entire company, management must be willing to ask the tough questions: Where are we headed? What’s working? What’s not working? What can we do differently?

2. They have defined their performance objectives and their ideal future state.

It falls on company leaders to engage employees and determine an ideal future state for the organization, an objective that needs to be more substantive than “number one in the industry” or some other platitude. An ideal future state is a speculative place where current shortcomings have been addressed and systems have been optimized. Moreover, this future state has to be something that can be operationalized and is practically achievable.

No two organizations are the same. Effective teamwork in one company might not resemble that in another. To use a basic sports analogy, think of a relay race versus a volleyball game. Both sports require precision teamwork for victory, but the form the teamwork takes is radically different. Defining teamwork in a context of desired behaviors from team members is the key.

Once leaders understand where the company wants to be, and they determine what roles people must play in getting there, it’s time to establish performance objectives. What does better communication/collaboration/operational efficiency look like? The answer to that question will form the foundation of a successful model for employees to follow.

To get there, companies have to figure out what those shortcomings are and what everyone must do to alter the current, less-desirable state for the better. Specifically, an organizational check-up is needed to diagnose the problems. Are these shortcomings related to leadership communication? Collaboration or other people skills? Organizational Design?

3. They articulate the strengths and challenges of their Leadership Team.

Leaders can initiate the drive towards organizational effectiveness by looking in the mirror. Accountability starts at the top, and good leaders are able to self-assess and consider what they could be doing better.

But it doesn’t end there. All members of the leadership group need to communicate openly and objectively with each other in order to determine which aspects of their leadership are enabling success and which aspects are blocking it. Ideally, leaders will collect objective data to circumvent bias (options include climate surveys and 360-degree feedback reports), and then work on a practical plan of action to maximize collaboration and decision making. An organization needs to understand the power of leadership, determine which facets of its current leadership will guide the company to its desired future state, and undercover the areas that have the potential to hinder success.

4. They articulate the strengths and challenges of their support systems

Support systems in an organization may include Information Technology, Human Resources, Shipping and Receiving, Accounting; and other functions that enable people to come to work, operate efficiently and safely, get paid; and help deliver results to customers. These functions are the inner workings of an organization, similar to the moving parts of a car engine/transmission or the gears of a wristwatch.

With regard to support-system challenges, management could find that the company is short of talent in some key roles and make a few targeted hires to shore up the structure. One possible approach is to first look for untapped talent within the organization before seeking outside applicants.

Focusing on the organization’s stated performance objectives will guide decisions that impact talent acquisitions and management, the need for upgraded IT systems, and/or changes in compensation.

When considering the “support system alignment” component of organizational effectiveness, leaders have to ask hard questions and make tough decisions. Are the right people in the right roles throughout the organization? Do their intrinsic motivations serve the roles they inhabit? Does the company have enough thinkers and creators to innovate and improve (because leaders, no matter how effective, can’t do it alone)?

Aligning talent with the organizational goals and identifying organizational talent gaps are essential first steps toward realizing the ideal future state.

5. They articulate the strengths and challenges of their organizational structure

Depending on size, need, industry and leadership philosophy, different organizations operate within different structural designs. Many are traditionally hierarchical and feature distinct functional areas, and others are flatter and depend heavily on cross-functional teamwork. Still more take a matrix approach to break down silos while intentionally creating conflict to optimize resource allocation.

When departments become silted or are not properly aligned with the larger performance objectives of the organization, the organization meets with more difficulty in delivering on the brand promise to customers. Employees who become frustrated dealing with internal roadblocks or who run into dead ends trying to fulfill their duties are usually distracted away from the primary organizational objectives of profitability, growth, and customer retention. As with any complex system, a given organizational structure offers advantages and disadvantages. In a hierarchical structure, leadership might mandate change, but implementation can be complicated and confusing when the frame is too rigid to adapt to that mandate. In a flat structure, it might be difficult to gain momentum for change, though the flexibility could be an advantage later when people trade functional responsibilities.

It’s important for leaders to understand how a change will resonate throughout the existing structure and where the stress points are likely to exist. Change might even require adopting a new organizational structure and realigning reporting relationships. The key is to align the structure with the overall performance objectives. What works for one organization may not work for another. Ask this question: What about our current structure will help us drive toward our future state, and what about it is blocking the path?

6. They understand the risks of taking action vs. not taking action

Changes as complex as those described above can feel daunting. Before undertaking an enterprise-wide revision, or even reconfiguring a department, leaders must weigh the risks of taking action versus not taking action. The future state has already been defined. What are the downsides of reaching for it? All the planning and preparation in the world cannot eliminate the vulnerabilities of a major change initiative. There will be unexpected problems and unanticipated consequences.

On the other hand, what if leaders do not take action and choose to maintain the status quo instead? Perhaps the company has carved out a cozy market niche and that’s good enough. Maybe being in the middle of the pack is sufficient for meeting payroll and keeping boxes moving out of the warehouse.

Operating at this level of organizational effectiveness (i.e., “could be better, could be worse”) carries a couple of risks. Firstly, a company can slip farther behind the competition before management even notices. Instead of hanging out in the middle, they find themselves in the straggler group. Ask any athlete what it’s like to “chase the game.” It takes more energy to catch up than it does to stay ahead.

Secondly, the rate of technological breakthrough nowadays is absolutely disruptive. Competitive challenges are coming from ever more unexpected places. By making the effort to maximize organizational effectiveness, leaders can ensure their companies are operating on the leading edge and have the innovative thinkers in place to anticipate threats before they arrive rather than react to them after they are already raiding the market.

7. They know the solution requires balance and alignment

Just as good healthcare takes a holistic approach toward treating the mind and the body, good leaders understand that an organization is a complex, interconnected system that needs a comprehensive strategy to maximize organizational effectiveness. This means attending to structural requirements, system requirements, and people requirements, starting with the leadership group itself.

To only focus on one issue at a time as an isolated concern is to overlook the delicate balance needed to function optimally. With a dedication to aligning all the components of an effective organization, leaders can poise a company for innovation, customer satisfaction, and delivery of brand promise, or whatever the desired future state requires. Increased profitability is sure to follow.

Four questions

The seven secrets outlined above may seem complicated, especially for smaller organizations that do not have the resources of a major corporation or a global conglomerate. A business leader might be open to change but feel at a loss for where to start. Answering these four straightforward questions about one’s organization can serve as a good launch point:

“Where do we want to be (i.e., what is our ideal future state)?”

“Where are we now?”

“What are the strengths and challenges of our current leadership, support systems, and structure? That is, how are these factors benefiting us and where are they putting us at risk?”

“How do we mitigate the risk and develop a roadmap for success?”

The process of achieving organizational effectiveness can be challenging and even difficult, but it does not have to be frightening or intimidating. It takes a longer-term perspective and the discipline to avoid the easier, short-sighted firefighting that more often occurs. Stepping out of our comfort zones and evaluating the big picture in a systematic way is a worthwhile endeavor when the alternative is falling irrevocably behind in a highly competitive business environment.

#employment assessment test Australia #leadership development training Australia #leadership training programs

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danvanzandt · 8 years ago

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Modes of Representation

An exhibition by Annie Teall and Danny VanZandt

Alexander Calder Art Center Padnos Gallery (January 23 - February 3)

“il n'y a pas de hors-texte” (“There is no outside of context”)[1]-Jacques Derrida

“it’s stability hinges on the stability of the observer, who is thought to be located on a stable ground of sorts”[2]-Hito Steyerl

The Modes of Representation exhibition seeks to explore artworks that deal with the arbitrary nature of systems of representation— i.e. to exhibit representations of reality that self-reflexively deconstruct the very modes in which they operate. Modes of Representation seeks to find connections between various structures of representation, from language’s illusive appearance as the truth of things, to databases attempts to display an encyclopedic and objective knowledge of the world, as well as spatial representations in the form of cartography and linear perspective, with their suggestion of an author and viewer at the “center of the universe”[3].John Berger writes in Ways of Seeing of how, “perspective makes the single eye the centre of the visible world. Everything converges on to the eye as to the vanishing point of infinity. The visible world is arranged for the spectator as the universe was once thought to be arranged for God.” His pulling back of the curtain on the representational form of linear perspective displays how it relies directly on a stable viewer (i.e. a stable origin point) located at the center of the universe, a model no different from Derrida’s deconstruction of logocentrism[4] as a closed off system of signs lacking a “transcendental signifier”. Language has no stable origin point (aforementioned “transcendental signifier”), rather words merely refer back to other words ad infinitum, and so it is impossible for language to transcend its context—you can’t talk about language without using language.

Within both of these ideas is a referral back to Lacan’s “Order of the Symbolic”, the idea that we are trapped within a semiotic matrix with no access whatsoever to “the Real.”[5] Artists working from the early twentieth century (Magritte, DuChamp) up through and during the postmodern era (Kosuth, Tansey, Salley, etc.) have explored this space between the representational and the real, exposing its fault lines and mining them for a greater understanding of how we engage with the world around us, and furthermore how semiotics mediates that relationship. But with the turn to New Media[6] in the last couple of decades this interrogation of the simulacrum has become far more important due to the prevalence of online databases such as Facebook, Google Maps, and Wikipedia that can often appear deceptively as objective, “god’s-eye-view” representations of reality (not to mention the possible future of Big Data as the panopticon, seen through the controversy surrounding datamining regarding at home smart devices like the Amazon Echo and Google Home).

This hypothetical “god’s eye view”, also known as the ‘Archimedean point’, “a point ‘outside’ from which a different, perhaps objective or ‘true’ picture of something is obtainable”[7] serves as a spatial model for Derrida’s claim re: language that “there is no outside of context”. Another example of this Archimedean third person perspective would be cartographic representations of real space. Maps not only help to display the way in which we orient ourselves relative to the space around us, but also how this spatial orientation becomes a common model for how we understand ourselves relative to the world around us (and it should be noted that spatial metaphors pervade language). This sense of psychological projection, or “mapping”, also recall the ‘psychogeography’ of Debord and the Situationists, defined as "the study of the precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals."

Annie Teall’s Head Smashed in Buffalo Jump succinctly joins together these reflections on the arbitrary nature of sign systems, objective representation, spatial orientation, and the primacy of databases as symbolic form in the age of New Media[8]. Head Smashed in Buffalo Jump displays a process of deconstructing the epistemology of Wikipedia and Google Maps, both supposedly objective databases[9], by working through Wikipedia from an arbitrarily chosen starting page, and then following the internal path of hyperlinks from page to page by clicking the first locational link on each page. The final image is the product of then further replicating that path of linked locations in Google Maps, screen-capturing each route, and collaging them together.

Similarly, in her piece In Free Fall, which draws its name from Hito Steyerl’s essay on how vertical perspective acts as a visual model for Western philosophy (“we cannot assume any stable ground on which to base metaphysical claims or foundational political myths”), we again see the fragmentation of spatial representations drawn from Google Maps. However, this time these cartographic images are morphed with a striped motif that appears throughout her work. This motif, an allusion to the op-art work of Bridget Riley, normally appears in her work as a static, flat, two-dimensional image, but here we see it presented with a sense of three-dimensional depth, climbing the various image panes and drifting back and forth between foreground and background. It acts as a visual pun, calling our attention to how all two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional space are optical illusions.

Within my work there is a similar sense of poking fun at the Western tradition of representational art by means of calling attention to the slipperiness of signification that arises within images and language as a result of their dual nature as material and virtual. As Barthes wrote in Camera Lucida “you cannot separate the windowpane of the image from the landscape” [10]. When we cast our gaze upon the image we see how our casual perception can often find it hard to reconcile that the image we are looking at is both the subject matter the image presents to us, as well as the image screen itself (the photo paper, canvas, monitor, etc.)—‘ceci n’est pas une pipe’. [11] My paintings are images of images, both in that they are paintings of subject matter not drawn from directly from life, but rather secondarily from photographs, as well as in that they are paintings of photographs that within them contain other paintings of photographs. By operating as meta-paintings (paintings of paintings) they subvert the narrative continuity of the image screen and draw attention to themselves as authored, furthermore reminding us that our perception of reality itself is authored. The wall between image and reality has vanished, leaving us in an infinite regression of constructed images of reality. There is no “outside of context”, we are lost in the funhouse.

-Danny VanZandt

[1] Jacques Derrida Of Grammatology

[2] Hito Steyerl In Free Fall: A Thought Experiment on Vertical Perspective

[3] John Berger Ways of Seeing

[4] “the tradition of Western science and philosophy that regards words and language as a fundamental expression of an external reality. It holds the logos as epistemologically superior and that there is an original, irreducible object which the logos represents. It, therefore, holds that one's presence in the world is necessarily mediated. According to logocentrism, the logos is the ideal representation of the Platonic Ideal Form.” -Wikipedia ‘Logocentrism’

[5] Jacques Lacan, Écrits: A Selection

[6] Lev Manovich The Language of New Media

[7] ‘Archimedean Point’ The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy

[8] Lev Manovich Database as Symbolic Form

[9] "attempt to render the full range of knowledge and beliefs of a national culture, while identifying the ideological perspectives from which that culture shapes and interprets its knowledge" - Edward Mendelson Encyclopedic Narrative

[10] Roland Barthes Camera Lucida

[11] Rene Magritte The Treachery of Images

#art #contemporary art #annie teall #danny vanzandt #gvsu #grand valley #visual studies #visual culture #roland barthes #lev manovich #jacques derrida #jacques lacan

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foxpeople477 · 4 years ago

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Web Scraping With Django

In this tutorial, we are going to learn about creating Django form and store data into the database. The form is a graphical entity on the website where the user can submit their information. Later, this information can be saved in the database and can be used to perform some other logical operation. Hi,Greetings for the day I have deep knowledge web scraping. Feel free to contact me. I am Python and Website developer I worked on the below technologies: Back End: - Python with Django and Flask Framework - RE More.

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--Nick

In August this year, Django 3.1 arrived with support for Django async views. This was fantastic news but most people raised the obvious question – What can I do with it? There have been a few tutorials about Django asynchronous views that demonstrate asynchronous execution while calling asyncio.sleep. But that merely led to the refinement of the popular question – What can I do with it besides sleep-ing?

The short answer is – it is a very powerful technique to write efficient views. For a detailed overview of what asynchronous views are and how they can be used, keep on reading. If you are new to asynchronous support in Django and like to know more background, read my earlier article: A Guide to ASGI in Django 3.0 and its Performance.

Django Async Views

Django now allows you to write views which can run asynchronously. First let’s refresh your memory by looking at a simple and minimal synchronous view in Django:

It takes a request object and returns a response object. In a real world project, a view does many things like fetching records from a database, calling a service or rendering a template. But they work synchronously or one after the other.

Web Scraping With Django Using

In Django’s MTV (Model Template View) architecture, Views are disproportionately more powerful than others (I find it comparable to a controller in MVC architecture though these things are debatable). Once you enter a view you can perform almost any logic necessary to create a response. This is why Asynchronous Views are so important. It lets you do more things concurrently.

It is quite easy to write an asynchronous view. For example the asynchronous version of our minimal example above would be:

This is a coroutine rather than a function. You cannot call it directly. An event loop needs to be created to execute it. But you do not have to worry about that difference since Django takes care of all that.

Note that this particular view is not invoking anything asynchronously. If Django is running in the classic WSGI mode, then a new event loop is created (automatically) to run this coroutine. Holy panda switch specs. So in this case, it might be slightly slower than the synchronous version. But that’s because you are not using it to run tasks concurrently.

So then why bother writing asynchronous views? The limitations of synchronous views become apparent only at a certain scale. When it comes to large scale web applications probably nothing beats FaceBook.

Views at Facebook

In August, Facebook released a static analysis tool to detect and prevent security issues in Python. But what caught my eye was how the views were written in the examples they had shared. They were all async!

Note that this is not Django but something similar. Currently, Django runs the database code synchronously. But that may change sometime in the future.

If you think about it, it makes perfect sense. Synchronous code can be blocked while waiting for an I/O operation for several microseconds. However, its equivalent asynchronous code would not be tied up and can work on other tasks. Therefore it can handle more requests with lower latencies. More requests gives Facebook (or any other large site) the ability to handle more users on the same infrastructure.

Even if you are not close to reaching Facebook scale, you could use Python’s asyncio as a more predictable threading mechanism to run many things concurrently. A thread scheduler could interrupt in between destructive updates of shared resources leading to difficult to debug race conditions. Compared to threads, coroutines can achieve a higher level of concurrency with very less overhead.

Misleading Sleep Examples

As I joked earlier, most of the Django async views tutorials show an example involving sleep. Even the official Django release notes had this example:

To a Python async guru this code might indicate the possibilities that were not previously possible. But to the vast majority, this code is misleading in many ways.

Firstly, the sleep happening synchronously or asynchronously makes no difference to the end user. The poor chap who just opened the URL linked to that view will have to wait for 0.5 seconds before it returns a cheeky “Hello, async world!”. If you are a complete novice, you may have expected an immediate reply and somehow the “hello” greeting to appear asynchronously half a second later. Of course, that sounds silly but then what is this example trying to do compared to a synchronous time.sleep() inside a view?

The answer is, as with most things in the asyncio world, in the event loop. If the event loop had some other task waiting to be run then that half second window would give it an opportunity to run that. Note that it may take longer than that window to complete. Cooperative Multithreading assumes that everyone works quickly and hands over the control promptly back to the event loop.

Secondly, it does not seem to accomplish anything useful. Some command-line interfaces use sleep to give enough time for users to read a message before disappearing. But it is the opposite for web applications - a faster response from the web server is the key to a better user experience. So by slowing the response what are we trying to demonstrate in such examples?

The best explanation for such simplified examples I can give is convenience. It needs a bit more setup to show examples which really need asynchronous support. That’s what we are trying to explore here.

Better examples

A rule of thumb to remember before writing an asynchronous view is to check if it is I/O bound or CPU-bound. A view which spends most of the time in a CPU-bound activity for e.g. matrix multiplication or image manipulation would really not benefit from rewriting them to async views. You should be focussing on the I/O bound activities.

Invoking Microservices

Most large web applications are moving away from a monolithic architecture to one composed of many microservices. Rendering a view might require the results of many internal or external services.

In our example, an ecommerce site for books renders its front page - like most popular sites - tailored to the logged in user by displaying recommended books. The recommendation engine is typically implemented as a separate microservice that makes recommendations based on past buying history and perhaps a bit of machine learning by understanding how successful its past recommendations were.

In this case, we also need the results of another microservice that decides which promotional banners to display as a rotating banner or slideshow to the user. These banners are not tailored to the logged in user but change depending on the items currently on sale (active promotional campaign) or date.

Let’s look at how a synchronous version of such a page might look like:

Here instead of the popular Python requests library we are using the httpx library because it supports making synchronous and asynchronous web requests. The interface is almost identical.

The problem with this view is that the time taken to invoke these services add up since they happen sequentially. The Python process is suspended until the first service responds which could take a long time in a worst case scenario.

Let’s try to run them concurrently using a simplistic (and ineffective) await call:

Notice that the view has changed from a function to a coroutine (due to async def keyword). Also note that there are two places where we await for a response from each of the services. You don’t have to try to understand every line here, as we will explain with a better example.

Interestingly, this view does not work concurrently and takes the same amount of time as the synchronous view. If you are familiar with asynchronous programming, you might have guessed that simply awaiting a coroutine does not make it run other things concurrently, you will just yield control back to the event loop. The view still gets suspended.

Let’s look at a proper way to run things concurrently:

If the two services we are calling have similar response times, then this view should complete in _half _the time compared to the synchronous version. This is because the calls happen concurrently as we would want.

Let’s try to understand what is happening here. There is an outer try…except block to catch request errors while making either of the HTTP calls. Then there is an inner async…with block which gives a context having the client object.

The most important line is one with the asyncio.gather call taking the coroutines created by the two client.get calls. The gather call will execute them concurrently and return only when both of them are completed. The result would be a tuple of responses which we will unpack into two variables response_p and response_r. If there were no errors, these responses are populated in the context sent for template rendering.

Microservices are typically internal to the organization hence the response times are low and less variable. Yet, it is never a good idea to rely solely on synchronous calls for communicating between microservices. As the dependencies between services increases, it creates long chains of request and response calls. Such chains can slow down services.

Why Live Scraping is Bad

We need to address web scraping because so many asyncio examples use them. I am referring to cases where multiple external websites or pages within a website are concurrently fetched and scraped for information like live stock market (or bitcoin) prices. The implementation would be very similar to what we saw in the Microservices example.

But this is very risky since a view should return a response to the user as quickly as possible. So trying to fetch external sites which have variable response times or throttling mechanisms could be a poor user experience or even worse a browser timeout. Since microservice calls are typically internal, response times can be controlled with proper SLAs.

Ideally, scraping should be done in a separate process scheduled to run periodically (using celery or rq). The view should simply pick up the scraped values and present them to the users.

Serving Files

Django addresses the problem of serving files by trying hard not to do it itself. This makes sense from a “Do not reinvent the wheel” perspective. After all, there are several better solutions to serve static files like nginx.

But often we need to serve files with dynamic content. Files often reside in a (slower) disk-based storage (we now have much faster SSDs). While this file operation is quite easy to accomplish with Python, it could be expensive in terms of performance for large files. Regardless of the file’s size, this is a potentially blocking I/O operation that could potentially be used for running another task concurrently.

Imagine we need to serve a PDF certificate in a Django view. However the date and time of downloading the certificate needs to be stored in the metadata of the PDF file, for some reason (possibly for identification and validation).

We will use the aiofiles library here for asynchronous file I/O. The API is almost the same as the familiar Python’s built-in file API. Here is how the asynchronous view could be written:

This example illustrates why we need asynchronous template rendering in Django. But until that gets implemented, you could use aiofiles library to pull local files without skipping a beat.

There are downsides to directly using local files instead of Django’s staticfiles. In the future, when you migrate to a different storage space like Amazon S3, make sure you adapt your code accordingly.

Handling Uploads

On the flip side, uploading a file is also a potentially long, blocking operation. For security and organizational reasons, Django stores all uploaded content into a separate ‘media’ directory.

If you have a form that allows uploading a file, then we need to anticipate that some pesky user would upload an impossibly large one. Thankfully Django passes the file to the view as chunks of a certain size. Combined with aiofile’s ability to write a file asynchronously, we could support highly concurrent uploads.

Again this is circumventing Django’s default file upload mechanism, so you need to be careful about the security implications.

Where To Use

Django Async project has full backward compatibility as one of its main goals. So you can continue to use your old synchronous views without rewriting them into async. Asynchronous views are not a panacea for all performance issues, so most projects will still continue to use synchronous code since they are quite straightforward to reason about.

In fact, you can use both async and sync views in the same project. Django will take care of calling the view in the appropriate manner. However, if you are using async views it is recommended to deploy the application on ASGI servers.

This gives you the flexibility to try asynchronous views gradually especially for I/O intensive work. You need to be careful to pick only async libraries or mix them with sync carefully (use the async_to_sync and sync_to_async adaptors).

Disney plus on switch. Hopefully this writeup gave you some ideas.

Web Development With Django

Thanks to Chillar Anand and Ritesh Agrawal for reviewing this post. All illustrations courtesy of Old Book Illustrations

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