#ibm pc-line

[techtimechronicles24]

🇺🇸 Step back in time to 1986 and witness the dawn of a revolutionary device—the IBM PC Convertible. As one of the earliest portable computers, the PC Convertible marked a significant milestone in the evolution of American personal computing, offering newfound mobility and versatility to professionals and enthusiasts alike.

💻 The IBM PC Convertible represented IBM's inaugural foray into creating a portable version of its iconic PC line. It was the first laptop-style computer following the luggable IBM Portable, and notably introduced the 3½-inch floppy disk format to the IBM product line. Featuring a clamshell design this groundbreaking device set the stage for future generations of laptops. Its compact form factor and relatively lightweight made it a practical choice for on-the-go computing—a novel concept at the time.

⌨️ Unlike earlier portable computers that required external keyboards, the PC Convertible boasted a built-in keyboard, enhancing its usability and convenience.

👉 The PC Convertible came in three models: PC Convertible, PC Convertible Model 2, and Model 3. The latter two were released in October 1987 and are primarily distinguished by their LCD panels. The original Convertible used a non-backlit panel, which was considered difficult to read. The Model 2 lacked a backlight as well but upgraded to an improved supertwist panel, while the Model 3 included a backlight.

🖥️ Equipped with an innovative flip-up monochrome, CGA-compatible LCD screen, the PC Convertible offered a crisp display for viewing documents and running applications—a revolutionary feature for its time.

💾 Powered by an Intel 80C88 CPU, the PC Convertible came with built-in storage options, including 256 KB of RAM (expandable to 640 KB) and dual 720 KB 3.5-inch floppy drives, enabling users to store and access data with ease. It also featured serial and parallel ports for connecting peripherals.

🔋 Despite its modest battery life by today's standards, the PC Convertible offered respectable uptime, allowing users to work on the go without being tethered to a power source. Weighing just over 12 pounds and featuring a built-in carrying handle, the PC Convertible's battery was rated for 10 hours.

🌟 The IBM PC Convertible was succeeded in 1991 by the PS/2 L40 SX, and in Japan by the IBM Personal System/55note, the predecessor to the ThinkPad. The IBM PC Convertible left an indelible mark on the history of computing, paving the way for the modern laptops we use today. Its innovative design and practical features demonstrated the potential of portable computing, inspiring subsequent advancements in mobile technology.

[retrocgads]

USA 1990

[boredtechnologist]

King's Quest for the IBM PC jr

[hardcore-gaming-101]

Top 47K - King’s Quest

Join the HG101 gang as they discuss and rank the very first game in Sierra’s beloved graphic adventure series.

[commodorez]

What kind of work can be done on a commodore 64 or those other old computers? The tech back then was extremely limited but I keep seeing portable IBMs and such for office guys.

I asked a handful of friends for good examples, and while this isn't an exhaustive list, it should give you a taste.

I'll lean into the Commodore 64 as a baseline for what era to hone in one, let's take a look at 1982 +/-5 years.

A C64 can do home finances, spreadsheets, word processing, some math programming, and all sorts of other other basic productivity work. Games were the big thing you bought a C64 for, but we're not talking about games here -- we're talking about work. I bought one that someone used to write and maintain a local user group newsletter on both a C64C and C128D for years, printing labels and letters with their own home equipment, mailing floppies full of software around, that sorta thing.

IBM PCs eventually became capable of handling computer aided design (CAD) work, along with a bunch of other standard productivity software. The famous AutoCAD was mostly used on this platform, but it began life on S-100 based systems from the 1970s.

Spreadsheets were a really big deal for some platforms. Visicalc was the killer app that the Apple II can credit its initial success with. Many other platforms had clones of Visicalc (and eventually ports) because it was groundbreaking to do that sort of list-based mathematical work so quickly, and so error-free. I can't forget to mention Lotus 1-2-3 on the IBM PC compatibles, a staple of offices for a long time before Microsoft Office dominance.

CP/M machines like Kaypro luggables were an inexpensive way of making a "portable" productivity box, handling some of the lighter tasks mentioned above (as they had no graphics functionality).

The TRS-80 Model 100 was able to do alot of computing (mostly word processing) on nothing but a few AA batteries. They were a staple of field correspondence for newspaper journalists because they had an integrated modem. They're little slabs of computer, but they're awesomely portable, and great for writing on the go. Everyone you hear going nuts over cyberdecks gets that because of the Model 100.

Centurion minicomputers were mostly doing finances and general ledger work for oil companies out of Texas, but were used for all sorts of other comparable work. They were multi-user systems, running several terminals and atleast one printer on one central database. These were not high-performance machines, but entire offices were built around them.

Tandy, Panasonic, Sharp, and other brands of pocket computers were used for things like portable math, credit, loan, etc. calculation for car dealerships. Aircraft calculations, replacing slide rules were one other application available on cassette. These went beyond what a standard pocket calculator could do without a whole lot of extra work.

Even something like the IBM 5340 with an incredibly limited amount of RAM but it could handle tracking a general ledger, accounts receivable, inventory management, storing service orders for your company. Small bank branches uses them because they had peripherals that could handle automatic reading of the magnetic ink used on checks. Boring stuff, but important stuff.

I haven't even mentioned Digital Equipment Corporation, Data General, or a dozen other manufacturers.

I'm curious which portable IBM you were referring to initially.

All of these examples are limited by today's standards, but these were considered standard or even top of the line machines at the time. If you write software to take advantage of the hardware you have, however limited, you can do a surprising amount of work on a computer of that era.

[scopostims]

robot / early internet stimboard for @noonbeam17 :•]

[ID: A 3x3 stimboard of 9 GIFs.

GIF 1: A blue robotic hand with pink accents extending and curling its fingers.

GIF 2: Simple, featureless blue and green busts of people spinning around in a circle with the text "Signing in..." above them.

GIF 3: A screen recording of a webpage, a cursor hovering over different patterned squares, turning the background of the page the pattern of the square, along with a floating cube and sphere that adopt the pattern.

GIF 4: The bright pink robotic insides of a furby dancing, the ears flapping up and down and the eyes blinking.

GIF 5 (center): An old IBM PC receiving a warning screen popup.

GIF 6: A bright pink hexapod, a six-legged robot, walking towards the camera, then turning around and walking off.

GIF 7: A screen recording of someone scrolling down a website with many bright, flashy, moving elements.

GIF 8: Clipart of a computer monitor covered in blue fuzz passing through a green line, coming out clean, with the text "Online virus check, free!" above it.

GIF 9: A robotic hand rapidly curling and moving its hand around as a red light flashes in the background.

End ID]

[foone]

ok please tell us about the tandy-memorex vis :D

OKAY the Tandy Memorex Video Information System is a hilarious console that Tandy/Radio Shack came up with in 1992.

It's called the Tandy-Memorex VIS partially to distance itself from Tandy, but Memorex was owned by Tandy at the time, and this is entirely their fault. Back in 1992, the CD-ROM was the NEW HOT THING and everyone wanted to get in on that. Arguably every console that tried failed to some degree or another, until the Sony Playstation in 1994. But the VIS failed spectacularly hard, selling something like 11,000 units, and Radio Shack was nearly giving them away towards the short lifespan of the console (1992-1994).

It got about 20 games, and another 24 releases that could charitably be called "multimedia products". Things like encyclopedias, photo albums on assorted issues, and spoken-illustrated-book things with minimal animation. Of those 20 games, many of them were edutainment games, things like word puzzles, math games, drawing tools along the lines of kid-pix (on a console with no way to save pictures or print them out, so... yeah).

On top of this, it cost 699$. IN NINETEEN NINETY FUCKING TWO. Plug that into an inflation calculator and it comes out at about one and a half thousand dollars, for a console with barely any games and the ones that it did come with are designed for the little kiddies. This thing never had a market.

But here's the thing that makes it so memorable to me: While the games available for it were not interesting, and it's just another example of a failed CD-ROM console alongside the endless failed or barely-survived ones that littered the early-90s... (Every played a CD-i, 3DO, NeoGeo CD, PC-FX, FX Towns Marty, LaserActive, Commodore CD-TV or Amiga CD32? How about one of the add-ons, the Sega CD, TurboGrafx-CD, or Atari Jaguar CD? Hell, this is what the Nintendo Playstation was supposed to be, before that deal went sideways and it became two separate consoles)

The thing is that technologically the VIS is super unique because it's an idea that wouldn't really be repeated until 2001, nearly a decade later: The VIS is a console that's a computer.

Yeah, I know, all consoles are computers (except maybe arguably some early pong units), but I mean like a desktop PC. The Tandy-Memorex VIS is an IBM PC clone running Windows!

(EDIT: Accidentally submitted too early)

It's a modular windows, a sort of embedded-windows that only runs off a ROM chip, but it's still an Intel 286 with a relatively normal VGA card, a megabyte of RAM, and a 1X CD-ROM drive. This thing could basically play a ton of DOS games, it would just be a matter of some basic porting.

And it just never happened. Instead all the games are custom-designed edutainment/multimedia things, and no one ported Duke Nukem or Commander Keen or Kings Quest to it (Actually Sierra did make a test port of Kings Quest 5, but it never came out. Reportedly it was slow as hell)

It could have been a very interesting console that let us play tons of DOS games in the living room in 1992, but Tandy mismanaged it with the ridiculous price and bad policy regarding games releases which meant it never really amounted to anything.

Anyway I've got one in my room right now, and I'm planning on building a CD-ROM emulator for it so I can easily play around with making homebrew with it. I want to port a bunch of DOS games to it and make it reach its potential, like Tandy should have done in 1992.

They already had a successful line of PC compatibles in the Tandy 1000, and the VIS is partially made of advancements they developed for that weird line of computers. If they had leaned into that angle, sold it at a better price, they could have really built something special. So many advanced DOS games (and even more advanced ones made possible by the CD-ROM format) that would blow away anything else in the console market in 1992 could have been VIS releases. Instead we got some (barely-)FMV games and a bunch of sub-par Math Blaster and Reader Rabbit clones on a console that no one wanted to buy because it was too damn expensive.

[posthumanwanderings]

Astrocounter of Crescents (불기둥 크레센츠) (S&T On-Line / Samsung - IBM PC - 1996)

[regretsretrotech]

Other Sides of the Coin

That phrase is the guiding philosophy for my computer collection: lets unpack it.

First off, I've been around PC's all my life. While I don't remember it, the family's XT clone, then a 486 and onwards. I know PC's in and out. While they are fascinating machines in their own right, they aren't the only computers out there.

So what is out there? Many systems, all shapes and sizes, commercial and enterprise machines that never see the light of day until they are scrapped and the consumer machines meant for the home. For me the commerical and enterprise machines don't hold that much allure, they are curiosities for sure and one of two of them may find their way into my collection but that's for later. I focus on consumer machines currently.

But wait, there are many of those machines!? How do I keep myself from drowning in silicon and rocks we tricked to think?

Representatives.

You'll see this more in the earlier systems that had a vast array of systems that either competed with the example in my collection or preceded it. CP/M systems were many in a vibrant competitive ecosystem, I simply cannot own an example of every kind that is out there, so instead I settle on a well known unit and say it represents what the other units are.

Lastly, I sort the collection into bittiness and while my decisions are arbitrary and subjective, there is method behind them:

8 Bit Systems: Everyone will think of systems like the C64 but I also class systems like the PC/XT and the TI99/4a in the same category.

Limited color palettes and sounds

expectation to load software from 5.25" disks, cassette tape or cartridge ROM's.

BASIC in ROM.

Majority of the IO or internal operations done in 8 bits.

Limited RAM to 1MB or less.

Examples in my collection:

Commadore C64/C128

IBM PC/XT

Apple IIeP (Representative for the Apple II line)

Kaypro 4-84(Representative for the CP/M ecosystem.)

Texas Instruments TI99/4a

Timex Sinclare 1000

Missing:

Atari 8 bit. :(

16 Bit Systems: Here the lines start to blur and you'll see why.

Enhanced colors and sounds

Expected to load software from hard drives and 3.5" disks, gone are cassettes and cartridges for computers.

Faster CPU's

Majority of the system conducts itself in 16 bit operations.

RAM expanding above 1MB.

Expected to run GUI's

Examples:

Commadore Amiga 1000

Atari ST520

Apple IIgs (16 bit CPU but does everything in 8 bits)

Apple Mac Plus

IBM PC/AT (HA)

Clone PC/386 (full 32 bit CPU but all IO is 16 bits)

32 Bit Systems (Early)

Why do I say early? The 386 is a 32 bit CPU, but it's in the 16 bit category. And to that, I say the 386 didn't have a standard 32 bit expansion slot for it to use, a CPU like the 486 had two.

High color resolutions, and high fidelity sound capabilities.

Hard drives are standard equipment now.

CPU's pushing mid double digit speeds.

Multiple megabytes of RAM are expected

GUI's and multimedia.

CD-ROM is the new hotness

Examples:

Gateway 2000 4dx2/66V

Apple Performa 630CD

Missing:

Commadore Amiga 2000/3000

Atari Falcon

32 Bit Systems (Late)

At this point we are seeing the foundations of the modern computers as we know them today.

Unlimited Colors and Resolutions

Hard drives pushing dozens of gigabytes

RAM in the hundreds of Megabytes

Advanced CPU's with SIMD instructions running at several hundreds of Mhz.

Advanced OS's

Examples:

Compaq Deskpro EN866

Apple Imac G3(750)

Missing:

To be decided

The tail end:

Here the lines blur to the point it's difficult to call, so it's here where I plant the end of my collection, at least for now.

The modern computer as we know it has been invented and we start to shed the legacy of decades of computers that came before them. It is here that the coin has become flat. Apple is still doing their own thing with the Power PC's but will soon drop them in favor of x86. Intel is scratching it's head at the Pentium 4, AMD is ruling the roost with it's wildly successful Athlon processor.

There may be a home for systems in this era in the future as memories coalesces into nostalgia. There is already a root forming with two systems that blur the late 32 bit system lines, a Pentium 4 XP box and a Sawtooth G4.

Perhaps I'll get a G5. That would really blur the lines.

Thank you for reading.

Here is were I will put my wish list. Some of these systems are my biege whales, I would love an Amiga 4000T but at the costs of these machines, it is unlikely without shelling out as much as a decent used car.

Commadore Amiga 4000T

This machine doesn't have a direct comparison with either a PC or a Macintosh, but there are contemporary machines that would be added to the collection with it.

IMSAI or Altair 8800

Mostly for it's front panel toggling goodness. I'd reasonably be just as happy with something like a modern clone for me to twiddle the switches but still have something usable afterwards.

[thelegendofdiaperhorse]

WHAT THEY DONT TELL YOU ABOUT COMPUTERS IS THAT THEY ARE TOOLS FOR AUTOMATING BUSINESS PROCESSES. IBM DOMINATED THE PERSONAL COMPUTER INDUSTRY DESPITE THE IBM PC BEING A SLOW PIECE OF SHIT WITH NO FEATURES BECAUSE LAZY PROCUREMENT DEPARTMENTS AND DIMWITTED BUSINESSMEN TRUSTED THE IBM BRAND NAME. IN A BETTER WORLD BUSINESSMEN ARE A CHATTEL SLAVE CASTE SLAUGHTERED FOR THEIR ORGANS IF THEY DON'T MAKE LINE GO UP AND COMPUTERS ARE TOOLS FOR MORALLY CORROSIVE MUSIC, RENDERING LAVISH IMAGERY OF HERMAPHRODITIC ANTHROPOMORPHS IN ELABORATE MYTHOLOGICAL SCENES FUCKING EACH OTHER, ETC. WE MUST DECLARE THE ABSOLUTE SUPREMACY OF THE CULTURAL ARISTOCRACY OVER THE PETIT-BOURGEOISIE. ATROCIOUS NOISE SHALL BE THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE STATE! HAIL COCK VICTORY

[dimalink]

Robots in desert

3d art for today based on videogame MechWarrior 2 for system IBM PC MS DOS. It is a game about a big war robots. Graphics it was, a schematical, as I name it graphics based on squares, in old times I say like this. Square graphics. Graphics made out of squares. But for those time, it made a big impression. True simulation of robots at the different planets. Very big scale videogame. Lasers, I remember, they get overheat. As a simulation.

There is day and night. Even like this. I remember a moment in a desert. I played it with 486 DX 2 computer.

And this is my 3d scene based on this. So, real thing, is that I dream for a long time to get learn how to do something similar as graphics in MechWarrior 2. So, I remember how I run program Paint in Windows 98 and 98. And try with lines to draw something like that. But in those days, I have no idea, that this thing good to model in 3d editor. And I don not know what editors it was in those days.

But today it is easy to make in Blender editor. For example. Graphics I keep schematical to keep presence of feeling of those times. Effect from those times. And in any case, it is possible to add details.

So here we see two robots, and background is factory. Somewhere in desert. Robots are as big as buildings. As some schematical mountains are here in form of triangles. It is all going on another planet. So, it is 3d art, that I have dream to make for a long time. Some imitation of MechWarrior 2 graphics. And I remember it was something about 31 century in game.

One robot in style of Mad Cat. Lots of players likes this robot. It is a symbol of series. And second is something like Daishi. Heavy, very heavy robot. My brother likes it a lot. Vert massive. And super heavy robot. A Mad Cat it is a some style, for robots, cause of design. I think it is medium.

3d scene based on this game. As I remember it was lots of versions of second MechWarrior. Game makes a big impression! Three dimensional robots. In desert, for example. So, this year, I stop to fear interface of Blender, and I cannot not to do such a three dimensional scene.

Dima Link is making retro videogames, apps, a little of music, write stories, and some retro more.

WEBSITE: http://www.dimalink.tv-games.ru/home_eng.html ITCHIO: https://dimalink.itch.io/ GAMEJOLT: https://gamejolt.com/@DimaLink/games

[techtimechronicles24]

🇺🇲 Explore the intriguing story of the Motorola StarMax, a line of licensed Macintosh clones from the mid-1990s. Produced by Motorola Information Systems Group between 1996 and 1997, the StarMax series sought to offer users an interesting alternative to traditional Macintosh computers.

💻 The StarMax computers were built upon versions of Apple's Tanzania motherboard, designed to incorporate both standard IBM PC compatible components and Apple-proprietary components used in the Power Macintosh family. This innovative approach allowed for increased flexibility and compatibility in hardware configurations.

💾 Setting themselves apart from Apple's offerings, StarMax computers featured SVGA video ports and PS/2 mouse and keyboard ports, alongside Apple's ADB ports. Despite the motherboard's capability for manual-eject floppy drives, Motorola opted for software-eject drives, a decision that would shape the user experience of these machines.

💔 Unfortunately, the StarMax line met an untimely end in September 1997 when Apple terminated the Macintosh clone license program. This decision strained relations between Motorola and Apple, ultimately leading to Motorola's expulsion from the AIM alliance—a significant setback for the company.

[retrocgads]

USA 1990

[transienturl]

trying to think of like... how would I describe each laptop manufacturer on pure vibes. off the top of my head...

asus: we have more marketing and r&d budget then we can possibly spend on normal things. look, this one is coated in LEDs! this one has the keyboard in the wrong place! this one splits open! half of their premium product launches generate more youtube views than actual sales because by the time you consider buying one they're discontinued. high-end products can be quite good; midrange products are often a couple bucks too expensive because the brand name buys you some clout. spends a lot of cash to get floorspace at best buy. taiwan.

lenovo: a relative newcomer to the western market (they bought IBM's thinkpad division back in the day), used to be the kings of cost cutting on basically every part they could think of. if they've learned what parts are actually worth cutting costs on (and benefitted from the fact that these days 85% of the parts that exist are Actually Decent) there might be something there. primarily does direct online sales. mainland china.

msi: kind of hit on an identity when they made the first thin and light gaming laptop/"jack of all trades, master of none" device that was actually good, and continue to have a strong presence in that market. devices tend to be a bit on the hollow/flexible-feeling side, not necessarily in a bad way, but just in contrast to "ough that's solid but heavy." under-reviewed, imho. taiwan.

gigabyte: hey, we exist too! some cool stuff at the high end; primary drawback in the west is a reputation for spotty support if you don't speak mandarin since they just do less sales volume than the other Asian companies. mainland china

acer: budget, budget, budget. takes up a truly impressive amount of the low to midrange market with usable but unspectacular devices. once in a while they'll put out a premium-priced device and get confused reviews, like, "guys, this is just a budget laptop with a higher price tag???" known for pure gaming laptops with poor battery life, displays, keyboards, and trackpads but very competitive performance, and general use laptops that are very competent for the price tag if you can find the model that hit the right balance on all of the parts. taiwan.

lg: primarily known for the lg gram line of premium, very lightweight general-use laptops, which are pretty good. do they make anything else? korea.

samsung: yeah we make everything; sure, let's make laptops. very low volume kind of like lg, but a marketing behemoth like asus. korea.

framework: finally, a repairability-focused laptop that's actually good. only has one device (13" general-use) and it's a bit overpriced iirc, and you have some "we're a startup" stuff to deal with, but it's rare that you can take a moral stance and actually get a good product out of it. united states.

dell: kind of the flagship american laptop brand. does a bit of everything. competes with asus on the "solidly built, premium-priced, unnecessarily flashy gaming" front via alienware, with acer on the "budget-priced, competent enough gaming" front via inspiron, and with apple on the "best possible jack of all trades" front via xps. notably, has a huge refurbished store (dell outlet) with a ton of selection that's unmatched by any of the others. united states.

hp: guys we're just like dell! please believe us. used to be the other flagship american laptop brand for years and then idk they ran out of money or something and dropped most of their product lines. kind of like american acer now, I guess? united states.

apple: operating system differences aside, has a consistent standard of build quality, minimum part quality, relative reliability, and "having a working trackpad" that makes every windows laptop look like some sort of children's toy. (I am not joking: the 2008 macbook pro has a trackpad that has not been matched by a windows pc in 15 years. it is legitimately puzzling.) 2016-2019 missteps aside, 80% of the things one could list about a laptop have been multiple years ahead of the competition on the mac essentially forever. on the other hand, they're a gazillion dollars, you can't game on them basically at all, you're stuck with macos, etc etc. (the m1 macbook air in particular is so good that none of that even really matters, though. fingers crossed for the 15" m2 air to continue the trend and not be $1800.) united states.

microsoft: "look, we can match apple's build and display quality!" an extreme newcomer, specifically designed to push the windows platform in the fronts where apple traditionally ate their lunch. they absolutely have done that, and are years ahead of almost anyone else on those fronts. too bad they're constantly a year behind schedule with their hardware and only do premium pricing, had some reliability issues, and suffer from a "we glued the whole thing together and if it breaks it's unfixable" problem that they're only very recently engineering their way out of. still, managed to put a seriously compelling product (surface laptop) in the premium general-use device category until the m1 air came out. united states.

razer: "look, we can match apple's build quality in a gaming laptop!" a relative newcomer that made an incredible, unprecedented jump from a gaming mouse company to a moderate-volume premium pc manufacturer somehow. only sells to the ultra-premium gaming market (weird ultrabooks aside), but does a good job of it. united states.

clevo: the white-label manufacturer behind many smaller brands like ibuypower, maingear; often does comically huge desktop replacement style devices. taiwan.

origin/corsair: who knows, but knowing corsair (asus on bad steroids), it will be about 85% too expensive to be more than a curiosity. united states.

huawei, xiaomei: up-and-coming chinese phone manufacturers joining the laptop market a la samsung. hard to find or get service for in the west. notable because they had access to the high-end display panels that before recently only apple and microsoft used, and sold devices with them at much lower prices. mainland china.

[obiternihili]

i am in Immense Pain due to Health is Shit so I'm going to recount my understanding of something pointless and boring to organize my thoughts and Distract Myself from Feeling Pain and then i'm gonna post it because deleting a lot of writing even if pointless feels bad

Original computers of course were basically one program one machine. Reprogrammability came quick, but still, basically ran one program at a time, kinda like a nes.

As they grew bigger they started to make machines that could access libraries of programs at a time, the line between program and function not being that clear yet

These were eventually developed into the first operating systems by the late 50s. The 60s saw the beginnings of things like Xerox's OS as the technology tried to focus on making OSes shareable - able to be operated by multiple users at once at different terminals. Bell created Multics around this time which introduced the idea of privilege tiers for users or something, but the project was a mess because Bell was kind of a mess and some defectors created Unics, that is Unix, with similar concepts and such. The do one thing and do it well attitude was kind of born out of the Multics thing. IBM also got involved with the OS/360 stuff

Running internal networks in offices and such was the driver for early computers. Throughout the 70s saw Bell license out UNIX, Xerox license out it's OS, IBM did its thing, and competitors emerge at that level. The first GUIs started to become things making the systems more user-friendly.

The rise of home computing upset things a bit. Not a lot, but a bit. IBM launched the PC on its 8086 architecture. Microsoft entered the picture with its UNIX system, Apple launched its Xerox-derived things, popularizing the GUI desktop concept. Linus Torvalds got frustrated with Microsoft's UNIX derivative not being able to support his machine to its full potential and created a free UNIX-like OS with some tools in part written by a crazy man and made GNU/Linux. The x windowing system was ported to Linux. Microsoft dropped its UNIX derivative to work on IBM's DOS, Gates' mother was on the board for IBM I think. That led to Windows.

Other home computers of note were things like the C64. Which didn't have a whole lot in terms of the OS but basically would drop you into a live BASIC environment which was enough for what it was.

The 90s was tough and MS gradually outcompeted other OSes in part because they had such a close relationship to IBM and the most popular flavor of DOS, in part because of dick moves. Apple managed to survive somehow, but barely, mostly by providing cheap mainframes for schools and certain businesses. Commodore went on to Amiga with its own GUI and everything, I think, but failed to win a market and the rights to Amiga OS are split between like 4 companies. UNIX systems managed to be popular as server OSes, because of features going back to the early days. MS and IBM got mad about windows and led MS to rewrite its OS and created the NT family and IBM developing OS/2 that kind of went nowhere.

Apple lost a ton of market space and let go of powerpc architecture and its Xerox-descended OS for intel's 8086 derived architecture and ended up forking BSD for darwin and then OSX which is basically what macs run now. MS dominated everything and were terrible and here we are. Linux established itself as a good thing to build cross-industry shit on and later android was derived from it.

As gaming started to adopt OSes instead of just BIOS (like boot processes) launching programs you'd see the dreamcast i think working on 86 stuff just a few steps aside from MS, which made it easy to port to xbox when the dreamcast died and why xbox is the way it is. xbox is of course windows nt derived. sony adopted a bsd derivative and licensed direct x from ms. nintendo did their own stuff for the powerpc based consoles and suffered security holes for it. ds was similarly in house with arm hardware, as was the 3ds. The switch derives from the 3ds software, with some adapted BSD and android code (but not a lot). steam os i think is just arch linux

i need to map out linux also

because of how modular linux is and because no one can tell you don't do that everything is customizable basically. a really good thing about linux is the concept of a package manager which installs or manages software on the computer in a neat, organized way

the first of these was basically slack back in the 90s. other package managers started coming with fancy things like conflict resolution or dependency management. basically what makes a linux distribution is its package manager; everything is relatively superficial, since in principle you can run any desktop manager your computer can build or whatever.

there's still something to other spins. ubuntu basically forked debian's packages and features more cutting edge software, also canonical's decisions. linux mint forked ubuntu by just adding a layer of decision makers between canonical and the user.

main distros i think are arch, debian, ubuntu, mint. memes meme gentoo and it's probably the most widely supported source based os, but, like, it's a bad idea to do this in ways you can only really learn from experience. there's sabayon which simplifies gentoo but defeats the purpose by existing. redhat was one of the biggest popularizers of linux in the enterprise and other space deserves mention, fedora being the free version, suse is also there, these are fine and cool despite the unfortunate name for fedora

there's a bunch of little spin offs of arch and other distros aiming to make them simpler or provide a preconfigured gui. largely pointless but whatever, sometimes you just want a graphical installer, manjaro's there for you

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sap abap training uk 2

Sap Abap Training London Pc Software Program Resolution In London, England Uk Help your corporation stay ahead of the competitors by making a culture of steady learning, keeping pace with technology advances, and innovating sooner with the only training constructed by SAP for SAP solutions. Maximise business efficiency, achieve excellent results, and optimise your intelligent enterprise with skillful use of SAP solutions supporting every function at every stage. I have labored for various MNC and eight years of experience on SAP ABAP. Beside that, i've 5 years of educating expertise on SAP ABAP and approx 40 students accomplished efficiently and working as a ABAP CONSULTANT in numerous group. We are in search of a very good technical ABAP capable to develop an excellent relationship with our colleagues outdoors of IT, someone who could collaborate with our technical staff and our business sponsors. Using SAP Standard instruments to Data Migration activities such as LSMW/IDocs and bespoke packages. Liaising with business and 3rd events to guarantee greatest practises, quality assuring and guaranteeing on time developments.

Please send email to asking for the discount and our team will be glad that will help you. An SAP marketing consultant earns a salary of $80,000 per year going upto $300,000 per yr primarily based on the talents and experience. This certification covers the steps within the SAP Activate methodology and includes topics such as Agile strategy, Planning, and transition path. It can also be one of many smoothest methods of transition into the highly paid IT industry for folks with non IT backgrounds. Opportunities on this field can be found in various industries and particularly with companies in the technology sector similar to IBM, Accenture and CTS. Opportunities are also out there with professional services corporations such as Price Waterhouse Coopers and Deloitte and organisations corresponding to GSK, Roche and Pfizer within the pharmaceutical business. After efficiently finishing this coaching course, you will be completely versed and geared up for working with and making your personal particular ABAP programs in a Business Environment. Unlike most organisations our on-line based training is a tutor led coaching system just like the classroom primarily based training in each given aspect making it extra handy to the scholars from any location all over the world and likewise value efficient. If you're employed in sure professions or for sure firms, your employer might require you to complete numerous CPD hours or points, per 12 months. You can discover a range of CPD courses on Reed Courses, many of which may be accomplished online. We offer Customised One to One training in both Classroom and Online based trainings.

Sap Abap

The Materials Management performance is the main component of any SAP implementation. The Materials Management could be described because the practice that drives the supply-chain functionality within SAP. A regulated qualification is delivered by a studying institution which is regulated by a authorities physique.

Many schools will provide SAP programs, some firms will supply SAP apprentice schemes helping you to be taught “on the job” and there may be a multitude of SAP coaching schemes out there on-line by way of a distance studying format.

Uplatz supplies SAP online training on all modules of SAP similar to SAP FICO, SAP SD, SAP MM, SAP HR, SAP SuccessFactors, SAP S/4HANA Finance, SAP HANA, SAP ABAP, SAP BW/4HANA, SAP BASIS, SAP APO, SAP BO, SAP PP, and different modules.

You do NOT have to have any earlier experience with SAP as instructor will take you through from Beginner or Basic and make you highly snug with inner workings of SAP to extend you proficiency.

Unlike most of the online trainings today, Our Online trainings are interactive sessions and are just like our classroom trainings.

SAP includes the event of ERP products that are utilised by companies in order to manage the enterprises’ resources.

This course allows skilled SAP BW customers, modelers as well as directors to run and work with SAP BW/4HANA. The emphasis on how to migrate an current SAP BW architecture and leverage new information fashions and features provided by SAP BW/4HANA. Our consulting service provide full cycle system growth and implementation. London Training Institute was established to cater for the wants of technical training, located in central London. Providing competitive price structure for all available courses with best-in-industry standards.

Corporate Coaching

The length after all and contents of the course are particularly customised to suite the students requirements. In addition to it the timings of the trainings can additionally be customised based mostly on the availability of each the tutor as properly as the scholar. All of our programs are delivered by our certified, experienced trainers with huge data and expertise of their chosen field. Awareness to database applied sciences and fundamental software knowledge is advantageous however not a must. We present top-of-the-line skilled trainings within SAP in the business. The programs are run by experts with ample industry expertise on this subject material.

This big uptake of SAP software program, mixed with the sheer diversity of SAP merchandise and uses has pressured companies to note the distinct divide between the technical and functional areas of expertise required to manage ERP systems. For SAP professionals this again factors to more SAP jobs and a greater opportunity to specialize. We provide server entry so that you can practice on and our trainers will make sure that you get sensible real-time expertise and training with all of the utilities required for in-depth understanding of the course. Both self-paced training and on-line instructor-led coaching have their very own advantages and downsides.

Supported Certifications

This would let customers to work on great amount of knowledge at an impressive speed thereby being usable for actual time purposes. This course on SAP HANA is designed to make trainee understand the enormous parallel processing capabilities and in-memory columnar storage architecture. Course methodology will explains and demonstrates each important operate of FICO module utilizing SAP stay server, lab-work, and sensible concept. You do NOT need to have any earlier experience with SAP as teacher will take you through from Beginner or Basic and make you highly comfortable with internal workings of SAP to increase you proficiency. SAPVITS is amongst the most well-known institutes for SAP Online Training in Uk which covers the length and broadness of SAP ABAP course. Uplatz offers SAP online coaching on all modules of SAP such as SAP FICO, SAP SD, SAP MM, SAP HR, SAP SuccessFactors, SAP S/4HANA Finance, SAP HANA, SAP ABAP, SAP BW/4HANA, SAP BASIS, SAP APO, SAP BO, SAP PP, and different modules. This certification provides an understanding of SAP SuccessFactors, Employee Central. Topics embrace Data models, workflow configuration, business rules, basis objects and safety. This certification covers use and development within SAP HANA and contains matters such as configuring modelling features, building calculation views, optimisation and security. sap abap online course offers an understanding of improvement within SAP Fiori and covers subjects such as SAPUI5 Foundations, Deployment and testing, Configuration, OData and advanced information handling.