#lauren f. klein

[sanguinarysanguinity]

At the same time that these [redlining] maps were being made, the insurance industry, for example, was implementing similar data-driven methods for granting (or denying) policies to customers based on their demographics. Zoning laws that were explicitly based on race had already been declared unconstitutional; but within neighborhoods, so-called covenants were nearly as exclusionary and completely legal. This is a phenomenon that political philosopher Cedric Robinson famously termed racial capitalism, and it continues into the present in the form of algorithmically generated credit scores that are consistently biased and in the consolidation of “the 1 percent” through the tax code, to give only two examples of many. What’s more, the benefits of whiteness accrue: “Whiteness retains its value as a ‘consolation prize,’” civil rights scholar Cheryl Harris explains. “It does not mean that all whites will win, but simply that they will not lose.”

Catherine D'Ignazio and Lauren F. Klein, Data Feminism

Final quote is from Cheryl L. Harris, “Whiteness as Property,” Harvard Law Review 106, no. 8 (1993)

[raatart]

a complete boycott list in alphabetical order

a complete list of companies / brands / franchises to boycott in support of palestine that i have been working on putting together for a while now.

remember to support your local businesses

stand with palestine against genocide

(Food & Beverages)

A

Activia

Acqua Panna

Akmina

Absolute Vodka

Algida

A&W

Aquafina

Alpro

Actimel

B

Burger King

Baskin Robbins

Ben & Jerry's

Bugles

Betty Crocker

Badoit

Becel

C

Coca Cola

Costa Coffee

Cadbury

Cheerios

Cheetos

Campbells

Calve

Cappy

Chiquita

D

Dominos

Dasani

Dunkin' Donuts

Doritos

Dr Pepper

Danone

Dolcela

Damla

Dogadan

E

Evian

Eden

F

Fanta

Frito-lay

Fruit by the Foot Roll Ups

Falim

Fresca

G

Gatorade

Greggs

H

Hardees

Haagen Dazs

Heinz Ketchup

Hershey's

Hard Rock Cafe

Heinz

I

Innocent

Israeli Fruits & Vegetables

J

Jacob's

Jaffa

K

KitKat

KFC

Kbueno

Kraft Mac & Cheese

Kellogg's

Kraft

L

Lipton

Lays

M

McDonald's

Mars

Marks & Spencers

Maggi

Marila

Monster

Mountain Dew

Mehadrin

Minute Maid

Milk Bar

M&M's

Magnum Ice Cream

Milka Chocolates

N

Nestle

Nestle Cereals

Nescafe

Nesquik

Nespresso

Nido

Nutella

Nature Valley

Nestle Milo

Nestle Carnation

Nestle Coffee Mate

Nestle Nestum

Nimbooz

Nestea

O

Orea

Original Shredded Wheat

P

Papa John's

Pepsi

Pringles

Pizza Hut

Perrier

Pillsbury

Popeyes

Pretty a Manager

Pure Life

Powerade

Popup Bagels

Q

Quality Street

Quaker

R

Redbull

Ruffles

S

Starbucks

Subway

Smartwater

Sweetgreen

Snickers

Sprite

Sabra

Sunkist

Strauss

Smarties

S.pellegrino

Schweppes

Sana

Sirma

Sara Lee

T

Toblerone

Tang

Twix

Tesco

Tropicana

U

V

Vittle

Volvic

W

Wall's

Walmart

Walkers

Wrigley's

X

Y

Z

7Up

(Clothing)

A

America Eagle

Adidas

Alo

Adina Eden Jewelry

B

C

Converse

Calvin Klein

Cat

Castro

D

Drew

Diesel

E

F

G

Good American

GAP

H

H&M

I

J

K

Kamili

L

Levi's

Lumberjack

M

Mango

N

Nike

O

Oasis

P

Puma

Q

R

River Island

S

Skims

Skinny Dip

St. Mark

Style Nadia

T

Timberland

U

V

Victoria's Secret

Vakko

W

We Wore That

Wyeth

X

Y

Z

Zara

(Beauty)

A

Aveda

Amika

Avon

Aussie

Aveeno

Always

Aesop

Ahava

B

Bobbi Brown

Blistex

Bath & Body Works

Britney Spears Fragrance

Becca

Biotherm

Beauty Blender

C

Clinique

Covergirl

Colgate

Calgon

Camay

CeraVe

Christina Aguilera Perfumes

Clean & Clear

Crest

CND

Cacharel

D

Dr. Jart+

Dove

Dettol

Darphin Paris

Dark & Lovely

E

Essie

Elidor

F

Fenty Beauty

Fair & Lovely

G

Garnier

Gillette

Glam Glow

H

Honest Beauty

Haci Sakir

Herbal Essences

Head & Shoulders

Hugo Boss

I

J

Jo Malone

Johnson & Johnsom

K

Kerastase

Kiehl's

Kylie Cosmetics

Kylie Skin

Kotex

L

L'Oreal

Lacome

La Roche-Posey

Lifebuoy

Lux

Lubiderm

M

Maybelline

MAC

Moroccan Oil

Maui

Matrix

Max Factor

N

Nyx

Neutrogena

Nivea

Nature's Beauty

Niely

O

Olay

Origins

Orkid

Oral-B

Oax

P

Pepsodent

Pantene

Q

R

Revlon

Rimmel

Rexona

Rhode

S

Summer Fridays

Schick

Smashbox

Sephora

Sensodyne

Skinceuticals

Skin Better Science

T

The Body Shop

Too Faced Cosmetics

The Ordinary

Tom Ford Beauty

Tampax

Takami

U

Urban Decay

Ulta Beauty

V

Vichy

Vaseline

Veet

W

X

Y

Yes to

Yuesai

Z

(Luxury)

A

B

C

Chanel

D

E

Estee Lauder

F

G

Georgio Armani

H

I

J

K

L

LVMH

Louis Vuitton

La Mer

Lavs

Le Labo

M

Mugler

Maison Margiela

N

O

P

Prada

Q

R

Raplh Lauren

S

T

Tiffany & Co.

Tom Ford

Tommy Hilfiger

U

V

Valentino

W

X

Y

Yves Saint Laurent

Z

(Tech & Entertainment)

A

Aol

Amazon

AirBnB

Apple

B

BBC

Buxton

Barbie

Booking.com

C

CNN

D

Disney+

Dell

E

Energizer

F

Ford

Fiverr

G

Galaxy

H

HP

Hyundai

Hulu

I

IBM

Intel

J

K

L

Lego

M

Motorola

Movenpick

Mattel

Microsoft

N

National Geographic

Nokia

Netflix

O

Oracle

Oxi

P

Philips

Q

R

Rolls Royce

S

Siemens

Sodastream

T

Toys R Us

U

V

Volvo

Valvoline

W

Wix

X

Y

Z

(Other)

A

Axa

Ariel

Aero

Ambi Pur

Airwick

Aroma

AVC

Amway

Ace Hardware

Andrex

American Express

B

Bounty

Black & Decker

Bonux

Bref

Braun

Benadryl

Band-aid

Barclays

Blue Cross Blue Shield

Better Help

C

Caltex

Chevron

Culligan

Citi Bank

Chicco

Cravola

Clearblue

Capital One

D

Dash

Drynites

Dosmestos

Doona

E

Expedia

F

Finish

Febreeze

Fixodent

Fairy

G

Goop

Gerber

Gys

H

HSBC

Huggies

Hayat

I

Imodium

J

JCB

K

Kimberly-Clark

Kleenex

L

Lion

Little Swimmers

Lenor

M

Mr Muscle

Minidou

Monsanto

N

Nicorette

O

Omo

P

Pampers

Purina Felix

Payoneer

Palmolive

Protex

Pull-ups

P&G

Prima

Pril

Paramount Pictures

Q

R

Rejoice

Rinso

Rogaine

S

Signal

Sensus

Sudafed

T

Tide

U

Unilever

Us Cellular

V

Vim

Vanish

Vicks

W

X

Y

Yumus

Z

(Places)

A

B

C

D

Disney

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

(People)

A

Ashley Tisdale

Amy Schumer

Andy Beshear

B

Bono

Ben Savage

Bella Thorne

Beyonce

C

Chris Evans

Claire Holt

Ciara

Chris Rock

Chris Pine

D

Demi Lovato

Dwayne Johnson

DJ Khaled

E

Eva Longoria

F

G

Gal Gadot

H

I

Ian Somerhalder

J

Jamie Lee Curtis

James Maslow

Justin Bieber

Jennifer Aniston

Jaclyn Hill

Jack Harlow

Jordan Peele

Joseph Quinn

Jack Black

K

Kylie Jenner

Kim Kardashian

Kris Jenner

Kerry Washington

Katie Perry

Karlie Kloss

Khloe Kardashian

Kat Graham

Kendall Jenner

Kourtney Kardashian

L

Lebron James

Lana Condor

Lana Del Rey

M

Millie Bobby Brown

Malala

Mindy Kaling

Mark Hamill

Madonna

N

NFL

Nina Dobrev

Natalie Portman

Nabela

Nicole Richie

Noah Schnapp

O

Octovia Spencer

P

Perez Hilton

Paul Wesley

Phoebe Tonkin

Pia Mia

P!nk

Q

R

Ronaldinho

Rihanna

S

Sofia Richie

Shaquir O'neal

Selena Gomez

T

Tara Strong

Taika Waititi

Taylor Swift

Tyler Perry

U

Usher

U2

V

Vanessa Hudgens

Viola Davis

W

X

Y

Z

[andiatas]

Once Upon a Time: The Captivating Life of Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy by Elizabeth Beller (Jul. 4, 2024)

A quarter of a century after the plane crash that claimed the lives of John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife Carolyn, and her sister Lauren, the magnitude of this tragedy remains fresh. Yet, Carolyn is still an enigmatic figure, a woman whose short life in the spotlight was besieged with misogyny and cruelty.

Amidst today's cultural reckoning about the way our media treats women, Elizabeth Beller explores the real person behind the tabloid headlines and media frenzy. When she began dating America's prince, Carolyn was increasingly thrust into an overwhelming spotlight filled with relentless paparazzi who reacted to her reserve with a campaign of harassment and vilification.

To this day, she is still depicted as a privileged princess--icy, vapid, and drug-addicted. She has even been accused of being responsible for their untimely death, allegedly delaying take-off until she finished her pedicure. But now, she is revealed as never before.

A fiercely independent woman devoted to her adopted city and career, Carolyn relied on her impeccable eye and drive to fly up the ranks at Calvin Klein in the glossy, high-stakes fashion world of the 1990s. When Carolyn met her future husband, John was immediately drawn to her strong-willed personality, effortless charm, and high intelligence. Their relationship would change her life and catapult her to dizzying fame, but it was her vibrant life before their marriage and then hidden afterwards, that is truly fascinating.

Based on in-depth research and exclusive interviews with friends, family members, teachers, roommates, and colleagues, and featuring never-before-seen family photos, this comprehensive biography reveals a multi-faceted woman worthy of our attention regardless of her husband and untimely death.

Elizabeth Beller is a writer and journalist specializing in culture, art, and travel with more than fifteen years of experience as a book and story editor. Her work has appeared in The Guardian, Vogue, and Travel + Leisure, among other outlets. Before turning to writing and editing, she spent two years as a script reader for Miramax, followed by twelve years in the art world at Sotheby's Auction House. She splits her time between New York and New Orleans with her husband, writer Thomas Beller, and their two children.

[vivaciousofficiall]

Timeless Woman Series-Carolyn Bessette Kennedy

Welcome to Vivacious Officiall

Today we will be kickstarting The Timeless Woman series with a case study on the one & only Carolyn Bessette Kennedy.

Many of you may already know of Carolyn due to her huge impact on fashion & her marriage to John F Kennedy Jr.

However in this blog post we will be deep diving into Carolyn’s life & how she was the ultimate timeless woman.

BACKSTORY

Carolyn Jeanne Bessette was born January 7th 1966 to Catholic parents William & Anne. As the youngest child in her family, she had two older sisters, Lauren & Lisa. They lived in White plains, New york

After her parents divorced when Carolyn was eight years old, she relocated to Connecticut to continue schooling.

As a natural-born star at St Barths High School, she gained attention for her unique personality and style, earning her the title of the Ultimate Beautiful Person

Carolyn went on to attend Boston University and worked briefly as a Model and in Event management before working for Calvin Klein.

CALVIN KLEIN ERA

Carolyn began her career in the fashion industry working for Calvin Klein as a sales assistant. Naturally it didn’t take long before she began dominating in her field.

“One of her responsibilities at the shows is to manage the models. They are constantly, it seems, in crisis. She is mother to them all, calm and ready with answers.” - Carole Radizwell, What Remains.

Carolyn's elegant yet chic style, combined with her outstanding work ethic, earned her a promotion to Director of Publicity and a transfer to the office in Manhattan, New York.

Where she met the one & only… John F. Kennedy Jr

Lesson 1: As a woman, it is important to have your passions and learn how to network. Don’t wait for a man to come give you the life you rightfully deserve. The best time to meet a high value man is when you are already in love with your life.

JFK & CAROLYN

JFK Jr was the son of the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy

This man represented American royalty as well as being the finest eligible bachelor of his day. He had wealth, power, and extraordinary charisma.

& he was crazy about Carolyn.

Carolyn reportedly turned down JFK Jr. several times because she did not want the media's attention. This naturally increased his interest in her, and he pursued her until they began dating and eventually married on September 21, 1996, in Cumberland Island off the coast of Georgia.

Lesson 2: As a high-value woman, you will naturally attract high-quality men who are accustomed to women throwing themselves at them. Never do this. Your standards apply to all men. This will earn you respect and even more admiration from your suitor.

Side note : Women that throw themselves at successful men are women hoping to leech off his success. Men are not dumb. The best kind of woman to this type of man is a woman that acknowledges his success but does let that be a free pass.

Just like all marriages, John & Carolyn had their differences. Carolyn despised the attention. She was frequently trailed by paparazzi and called derogatory names in order to elicit a reaction from her. This put significant strain on their marriage. Regardless, it was clear that they loved each other and were prepared to work it out.

Unfortunately, in 1999, John, Carolyn, and Lauren (Carolyn's sister) were killed in a plane crash off the coast of Massachusetts owing to terrible weather. May their souls rest peacefully.

Carolyn's life was cut short, but she is remembered as a loving, passionate, beautiful sister, daughter, and wife.

Final Lesson: Ladies, it is critical that you leave a legacy. The world needs more powerful women who set their own rules. To inspire your children, grandchildren, and the countless women who will come after you.

xoxo, Vivacious

[inclineto]

Books, July-August 2023

The Secret Lives of Country Gentlemen - KJ Charles

Dragonsinger - Anne McCaffrey [many elements of McCaffrey’s work haven’t aged well - let’s be honest and give past readers some credit for acumen: many of them were never good to begin with - and this book is not free of all of them, but as far as I’m concerned, this and Dragonsong are the most wholeheartedly enjoyable things she ever wrote] *

The Assistants - Camille Perri

An Archive of Taste: Race and Eating in the Early United States - Lauren F. Klein [excellent study of connections and divergences between taste (sensory), taste (aesthetic), and taste (social) and its role in defining the nature and boundaries of American national identity in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; creative use of the now-familiar language and methods of archival sources and silences, and chapter five (”Absence: Slavery and Silence in the Archive of Eating”) may be my new recommendation when professors ask for a chapter on digital humanities and archives to assign their grad students; open access full text] *

Caddie Woodlawn - Carol Ryrie Brink [I know I read this at least once as a child, but except for a vague impression of peacocks it didn’t stick with me, and that’s probably for the best...holy noble savages stereotypes, Batman]

The Impossible Art: Adventures in Opera - Matthew Aucoin [another one of those weird “I knew you before the MacArthur” reading experiences]

Brother’s Ruin - Emma Newman

Violets - Shin Kyung-Sook, translated by Anton Hur

Leave it to Psmith - P.G. Wodehouse

Ocean’s Echo - Everina Maxwell

Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth - John Garth [Between the thin skins of the fans and the litigiousness of the estate, I’m not sure it’s possible to write about Tolkien without falling into a hard-to-take, defensively pretentious voice; I used to assume the authors were imitating Tolkien (badly), but - much worse - I think they may really be trying to sound like Christopher Tolkien trying to sound like his father. The result is almost always unfortunate, and yet if you make it 150 pages or so you will eventually realize that you have begun not to notice it. Anyway, war is terrible.]

[worldgirlsportal]

The Top 10 Hottest Finnish Women of 2023

While Finland might not be the first country that comes to mind when you think of beautiful women, it actually has some of the most stunning ladies in the world. From blondes to brunettes and everything in between, Finnish women are sure to catch your eye. Here are the top 10 hottest Finnish women of 2023.

Why Finnish women are some of the most beautiful and hottest in the world?

Hottest Finnish women are blessed with natural good looks and they take great care of their appearance. They tend to be slim with blonde hair and green or blue eyes, although there are also plenty of brunettes and redheads. Finnish women are also very sporty, so they often have toned bodies.

In addition to their physical beauty, Finnish women are also known for being friendly and fun-loving. They are easy to approach and they enjoy spending time with friends and family. So if you’re looking for a beautiful and exciting partner, a Finnish woman could be the perfect choice.

Top 10 Hottest Finnish Women of 2023 There are many beautiful women in Finland, but these ten ladies stand out from the rest.

Jaana Pelkonen

Jaana Pelkonen is a Finnish member of parliament and television presenter. She is widely considered to be one of the most beautiful women in Finland, and has been voted one of the country’s hottest female politicians. Pelkonen is a strong advocate for women’s rights and has been a leading voice in the fight for gender equality in Finland.

She is also an experienced television presenter, and has hosted a number of popular shows on Finnish television. In addition to her work in politics and television, Pelkonen is also a successful model and has appeared in numerous magazines and advertisements.

Click here -> Finnish Flair: Top 10 Instagram Models from Finland

Viivi Pumpanen

Viivi Pumpanen is no doubt one of the hottest Finnish women. She was crowned Miss Finland in 2010 and since then she has been living in Nurmijärvi. The 34-year-old beauty pageant titleholder is known for her impeccable sense of style and her enviable figure.

With her long blonde hair and brown eyes, Pumpanen is the epitome of Scandinavian beauty. There is no doubt that Viivi Pumpanen is one of the most beautiful women in the world.

Click here -> Beauty from the North: Meet Finland's Hottest Instagram Models

Sara Sieppi

Sara Sieppi is a Finnish television host, social media personality and Miss Finland of 2011. Hailing from Tornio in Lapland, she was the first runner-up in the 2011 Miss Finland pageant before eventually taking over the title from Pia Lamberg. Since then, Sara has become a household name in Finland and has amassed a large social media following.

Her relationship with TV personality Roope Salminen was widely followed in the Finnish media. In 2016, she was voted as one of the Hottest Finnish Women by Maxim magazine. There is no doubt that Sara Sieppi is one of the most popular faces in Finland today.

Click here -> Gorgeous Finnish Influencers: 10 Must-Follow Instagram Models

Satu Tuomisto

The 2008 Miss Finland, Satu Sinikka Tuomisto is a Finnish model who also took part in the Miss Universe 2008 competition. In August 2017, she got married to Petri Aarnio, and divorced in summer 2019.

She is also known for her work as a model and actress. Satu has appeared in magazines such as Vogue, Elle, and Harper’s Bazaar. She has also done campaigns for major brands such as Calvin Klein, H&M, and Ralph Lauren. In addition to her modeling work, Satu has also acted in some TV shows and movies. Satu is not one of the most popular models in Finland, but she is considered to be one of the country’s sexiest women.

Click here -> Finnish Beauties Unleashed: The Top 10 Instagram Models in Finland

Janina Fry

Janina Päivänsäde Fry is a Finnish pop singer and model. She hosts the show Bella on Finnish television channel Nelonen. Janina’s breakthrough came in 1993 when she won the “Maiden of Finland” beauty pageant and made it to the semi-finals in Miss World that same year. Since then, she has been considered one of the hottest Finnish women around.

In addition to her work on television, Janina has also released several but not much successful albums and singles. She is currently living in Stockholm, Sweden since 2021. With her good looks and talent, there is no doubt that Janina will gain a success in the years to come.

Click here -> Northern Sensations: Discover Finland's Most Stunning Instagram Models

Sofia Belorf

Sofia Belorf is a Finnish, Moroccan fitness athlete and model. She won the bikini fitness world championship in November 2015 at the IFBB World Championships in Budapest. The Hottest Finnish Women list has Sofia placed at #5.

This Hawk-eyed diva has a body that screams ‘fitness.’ Even more amazing is her humble personality which is portrayed on her social media platforms where she is quite active. On one of her posts, she wrote “I am not skinny, I am not curvy, I am fit and I am proud of it”. This goes to show that this gorgeous lady is comfortable in her skin and loves herself just the way she is. What an inspiration indeed! Keep doing you, Sofia! The world is yours for the taking.

Click here -> From Finland with Love: 10 Captivating Instagram Models to Follow

Pia Lamberg

An actress, fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder, Pia Lamberg is crowned Miss Finland 2011. Pia Lamberg has been voted as one of the hottest Finnish women alive. She is beautiful, confident and has an amazing body. Pia Lamberg is a successful model and has walked the ramp for many top designers.

She is also a popular actress and has acted in many movies and television shows. Pia Lamberg is a role model for many young girls and women all over the world.

Click here -> Finnish Fashionistas: The Trendsetting Instagram Models of Finland

Sara Chafak

There is no shortage of beautiful women in Finland, but Sara Chafak is definitely one of the hottest. This Finnish beauty pageant winner of Moroccan origin was crowned Miss Finland 2012 and represented her country in Miss Universe 2012.

With her striking features and sultry looks, it’s no wonder she was a unanimous choice for the title. But beyond her physical beauty, Sara is also a smart and successful businesswoman. In other words, she’s the total package. If you’re looking for the most beautiful Finnish woman, Sara Chafak is definitely a top contender.

Click here -> Finnish Goddesses: 10 Instagram Models Redefining Beauty in Finland

Janni Hussi

Janni Hussi is a Finnish fitness model, blogger, entrepreneur, sports presenter, YouTuber and media personality. She has been ranked as one of the Hottest Finnish women 2023. Hussi has also been featured in Sports Illustrated, Playboy and Men’s Health.

Hussi is best known for her appearances in TV shows, including; Huomenta Suomi, Big Brother 2022, Bisonimafia and the second season of Survivors Finland. In addition to her modeling work, Hussi also has a successful YouTube channel under his own name. Thanks to her success in both the fitness and business world, Hussi is considered one of the most inspiring women in Finland.

Click here -> Finnish Magic: Unveiling the Top 10 Instagram Models from Finland

Kiira Korpi

Kiira Korpi is one of the most beautiful women in Finland. She is a former figure skater, and a three-time European medalist, a two-time Cup of China medalist, a five-time Finnish national champion. She has graced the covers of many magazines, including Elle, Maxim, and Sports Illustrated.

Korpi is also a popular Instagram influencer, with over 95k followers. In addition to her good looks, Korpi is also known for her positive attitude and friendly personality. She is a role model for many young Finnish women and an inspiration to people all over the world. Thanks to her success in both figure skating and modeling, Kiira Korpi is one of the hottest Finnish women around.

Click here -> Insta-Famous in Finland: Meet the Hottest Instagram Models of the North

What are Finnish women known for?

Finnish women are known for their independence and strong sense of self. They are highly educated and have a strong commitment to equality. Finnish women are also active in the workforce, with nearly two-thirds of working-age women employed. In addition to their professional accomplishments, Finnish women are also active in the arts, sports, and other extracurricular activities.

Finnish women are frequently seen as role models in their communities and are known for their dedication to family and friends. As a result, Finnish women are highly respected members of society who are known for their many contributions to the country.

What is the beauty standard in Finland?

Finnish women are often lauded for their natural beauty, and it’s no wonder why. The Finnish standard of beauty is much different than what is commonly seen in the media. Finnish women are typically thought of as being tall, slender, and fair-skinned. They also tend to have blue or green eyes.

While these physical features are certainly considered to be attractive, Finnish women are also prized for their independent spirits and down-to-earth attitudes. In a country where nature is ever-present, Finnish women are seen as being in tune with the natural world. This appreciation for the outdoors helps to keep Finnish women looking young and vibrant. It’s no wonder that the Finnish standard of beauty is so highly respected by others around the world.

How tall are Finnish girls?

Finnish women are some of the tallest in the world, with an average height of about 5 feet 7 inches (1.7 meters). This is due in part to the fact that Finnish women tend to have longer legs than women from other countries.

Finnish women also tend to have a higher proportion of ” lean body mass,” which includes muscle, bone, and organ tissue. This may be due to the fact that Finnish women have a higher level of activity than women from other countries.

In addition, Finnish women tend to consume a diet that is high in dairy products, which contain calcium and other nutrients that are essential for bone growth. As a result of these factors, Finnish women tend to be taller than women from other countries.

Are Finnish girls friendly?

Finnish women are known for being shy and reserved, but once you get to know them they are actually very friendly and warm. Finnish culture is very individualistic, so Finnish women are used to taking care of themselves and not relying on others. This independence is one of the things that makes Finnish women so attractive – they are not looking for a man to take care of them, but someone to share their life with.

Finnish women are also well-educated and have interesting careers, so they are definitely worth getting to know. So if you’re looking for a friendly Finnish girl, don’t be afraid to approach one and strike up a conversation. You might just find your perfect match.

Click Here to More Beautiful Finnish Instagram Models: https://www.worldgirlsportal.com/list-of/instagram-models-from-finland/

[mysterymirrors]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: Coach Chalk & Saddle Mickie Leather Drawstring Bag.

[polyvore-memories]

Posts from light on a hill

[customsweaterproducer]

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[sanguinarysanguinity]

The key to co-liberation is that it requires a commitment to and a belief in mutual benefit, from members of both dominant groups and minoritized groups; that’s the 'co' in the term. Too often, acts of data service performed by tech companies are framed as charity work (we discuss the limits of “data for good” in chapter 5). The frame of co-liberation equalizes this exchange as a form of relationship building and demographic healing. There is a famous saying credited to aboriginal activists in Queensland, Australia, from the 1970s: “If you have come here to help me, you are wasting your time. But if you have come because your liberation is bound up with mine, then let us work together.” What does this mean? As poet and community organizer Tawana Petty explains in relation to efforts around antiracism in the United States: “We need whites to firmly believe that their liberation, their humanity, is also dependent upon the destruction of racism and the dismantling of white supremacy.” The same goes for gender: men are often not prompted to think about how unequal gender relations seep into the institutions they dominate, resulting in harm for everyone.

Catherine D'Ignazio and Lauren F. Klein, Data Feminism

Footnote: Although the aboriginal activist quote ended up circulating on the internet as the work of one person—Lilla Watson—Watson herself describes it as the outcome of a collective process, and she desired that it be credited as “Aboriginal activists group, Queensland, 1970s.” See Watson, “Attributing Words,” Unnecessary Evils, November 3, 2008.

[mez-rperez]

Reviving my coding skills

Data Visualization Fellowship Weeks 2 & 3

If there is one thing I got out of my Computer Science degree, it is audacity. I'd say it is what helped me survive that major (and all it entails). Turns out, it comes in handy for my research as well!

So I'm in week three of the data visualization program and I have begun to really test my coding skills, which I haven't used (strictly speaking) in years. I spent most of week 2 reading/thinking, mostly because I was in the middle of travel and presenting at a conference.

The space was helpful! I read two insightful (and short!) articles recommended by the mentors, which were Feminist Data Visualization by Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren F. Klein, and The Theory/Data Thing Commentary by Geoffrey C. Bowker. Both were extremely helpful, but the D'Ignazio and Klein piece really helped with my thinking around how I go about constructing this work. Namely, acknowledging the standpoint that I am taking and how that is reflected in the work/final visualization. This is something I've thought about a bit with regard to positionality statements in writing, but it is different (for me) to be undertaking this sort of project with that in mind.

This week, however, was spent trying to re-learn Python syntax. I'm sure I'm not the first person to experience this, but it's funny that I can remember what I'm able to do with that language/the libraries and then proceed to Google "how to launch jupyter notebook" because while I know what it is and what it can do... I can't remember what to type in on the terminal.

So I'll say that while it took a little longer than I expected, I have a first draft of a data set I can use for my project! Using the Wayback Machine Internet Archive, I collected job titles, locations, year posted, and links to SpaceX job descriptions for a given day in June for 2014-2019. There are still some major limitations to this set, and I'm still trying to figure out how to get 2020-23 since they changed up the page in 2020. Its a start though! I'm adding a screenshot of my excel file so you can get an idea of what I'm working with.

While I work on this technical aspect of my project, I am still turning over in my mind how I want to define a "STEM job," if I still want to. There are a lot of pitfalls to this, most importantly being that I am personally against the idea of delineating this. Of course, I'm still going to think this through, but it's challenging.

Up next will be getting the rest of the data (2020-23) and to start visualizing it. A big question for me is what is missing, as in where can I possibly expand beyond how I'm thinking of this project. I hope to be able to share soon my first visualizations to see what comes up for people!

Anyway, thanks for reading!

[diario-vespertino]

Cómo trabajar con ciencias y datos desde una perspectiva feminista

El Observatorio Data Género presentó la traducción al castellano del libro Feminismo de Datos (Data Feminism). Apunta a visibilizar la desigualdad en la forma de producir conocimiento. El Observatorio de Datos con Perspectiva de Género argentino Data Género lideró la traducción al castellano del libro Feminismo de Datos (Data Feminism), de las autoras estadounidenses Catherine D’ Ignazio y Lauren F. Klein. Se trató de un trabajo colectivo y activista realizado desde una perspectiva feminista decolonial. El libro es de acceso digital y gratuito, y todavía no ha sido publicado en versión impresa. El original también fue pensado desde esa lógica: busca desafiar la distribución actual del poder que recae en varones blancos, de élite, cis y heterosexuales en el mundo de los datos. “La premisa motivadora del libro es que hoy los datos son una tremenda forma de poder. La ciencia de datos se ha utilizado para enormes beneficios pero también para daños significativos”, dijo D’Ignazio sobre Data Feminism, editado por MIT Press en 2020. D’Ignazio es docente y artista estadounidense y desarrolló un software que se centra en el feminismo y la alfabetización de datos. Además, dirige el laboratorio Data + Feminism del MIT (Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts), considerado uno de los mejores centros de estudios del mundo. Por su parte, Lauren F. Klein es directora del Laboratorio de Humanidades Digitales en la Universidad de Emory. La presentación del libro en la versión en español se realizó el martes 25 de abril en Casa Brandon. El libro en inglés publicado en 2020 llegó pronto a las manos del equipo de Data Género, en Argentina. Les resultó tan valioso que le propusieron vía Twitter a las autoras hacer su traducción al español. Luego de varios intentos con la editorial finalmente lograron primero el permiso para traducir una parte del texto y luego, el libro completo. Esta versión se encuentra por el momento solamente online.

La coordinación y edición de la traducción estuvo a cargo de Mailén García, directora general de Data Género, con la edición de Lucía Peyrano y Florencia Aguilar. Como traductoras participaron Gina Ballaben, Sofía García e Ivana Feldfeber. Y como colaboradoras, Helena Suárez Val, Diana Duarte Salinas, Lucía Peyrano, Florencia Aguilar, Giselle Arena, Ana Amelia Letelier y Patricia Michelle Garcia Iruegas. 

Feminismo de datos, ¿para qué?

En la introducción del libro, sus autoras explican a qué se refieren con el concepto “feminismo de datos”. Su punto de partida implica reconocer que el poder en el mundo no se encuentra distribuido equitativamente. Algo que la ciencia de datos tiende a invisibilizar.  “Los que ejercen el poder son, de forma desproporcionada, varones de élite, heterosexuales, blancos, sanos y cisgénero del Norte Global”, afirman D’Ignazio y Klein. En este punto, el trabajo del feminismo de datos consiste en comprender que “las prácticas estándar de la ciencia de datos sirven para reforzar estas desigualdades existentes”. Además, utiliza esta herramienta para “desafiar y cambiar la distribución del poder”. “¿Ciencia de datos hecha por quién? ¿Ciencia de datos para quién? ¿Ciencia de datos en función de los intereses de quién?”, se preguntan, entonces, las autoras. Y a lo largo de siete capítulos buscan desarrollar una nueva forma de pensar a la ciencia y la ética de datos desde una mirada distinta: el pensamiento feminista interseccional.  Así, ambas se paran desde la interseccionalidad para pensar los datos, un concepto acuñado por la teórica jurídica Kimberlé Crenshaw para hablar de la multiplicidad de opresiones que se entrecruzan en una persona (negra y mujer, por ejemplo). Describe, además, “las fuerzas de privilegio y opresión que se entrecruzan en una sociedad determinada”.

Una exploración al análisis de datos

Los capítulos del libro son siete principios sobre “cómo trabajar con ciencias y análisis de datos desde la perspectiva del feminismo”, explicó D’Ignazio en el encuentro de presentación. Ellos son: examinar el poder, desafiar el poder, elevar la emoción y el cuerpo, repensar los binarismos y las jerarquías, abrazar el pluralismo, considerar el contexto y hacer visible el trabajo.  Una de las cuestiones centrales de esta publicación es pensar el lugar de las emociones en relación a los datos. Desde hace tiempo tiende a instalarse la idea de que las visualizaciones de datos son objetivas, científicas y neutrales, explican D’Ignazio y Klein. Esta percepción, para ellas, ignora que detrás de las visualizaciones existe un diseño y elecciones editoriales que buscan determinado efecto. También ignora el valor de las emociones -un ámbito asociado generalmente a las mujeres-, y que toda visualización apela a una determinada emoción. Ante este dilema, el libro aboga por “abrazar la emoción y el cuerpo”. “Nosotras aprendemos a través de las emociones. Es una forma de producir conocimiento que no está opuesto a lo objetivo sino que agrega otras capas”, explicó Klein durante la presentación del libro traducido en Argentina.

La responsabilidad de traducir

“Es una traducción colectiva, militante, muy sentida y muy deseada”, dijo García sobre el proyecto en la presentación. Durante el proceso el equipo observó tres “debates importantes” que se presentaron en la traducción: el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA), el género de la lengua castellana y la forma de conceptualizar la racialización.  “La primera tiene que ver con la pregunta de si es posible traducir libros enteros con IA. La respuesta creo que es no, aunque es un buen comienzo”, reflexionó García. Como prueba decidieron traducir todo Data Feminism con IA y encontraron cuestiones que no se pudieron resolver “para nada”: la estructura argumentativa del texto, el sexismo recurrente y la capacidad de captar la intencionalidad política del lenguaje. Por ejemplo, al traducir “the researcher” lo hacía siempre en género masculino: el investigador. Además, el “they” que se comenzó a utilizar el último tiempo para nombrar a las personas no binarias era traducido como “ellos”. Por otra parte, en cuanto al género el equipo decidió utilizar siempre que podía formas neutras o sin marcas de género. “Cuando no era posible decidimos usar palabras con a, o y e para seguir con el uso militante”, explicó García. Sin embargo, también utilizaron el género masculino “en algunas ocasiones cuando queríamos desafiar al poder”.  Finalmente, en relación a la forma de conceptualizar a la racialización, el equipo tampoco optó por una traducción literal. “El libro en inglés habla de ‘Black people’ porque es una forma de evidenciar y resaltar la lucha de esas personas, o también ‘people of color’”, contó la coordinadora del trabajo y advirtió que esa no es una forma usada en castellano. Por eso apelaron al término “identidades racializadas”.  Así, la traducción se hizo desde “una perspectiva feminista decolonial situada en América Latina que buscó reflejar el espíritu de las autoras y ponerlo en diálogo con las discusiones que se están dando en nuestra región”, tal y como plantean en las aclaraciones del libro.  “Queremos que pueda circular y puedan entrar otras identidades a estas discusiones”, concluyó García. :::Agencia Presentes::: Read the full article

[tombeane-blog]

THE BATTLE OF THE SEXES IS OVER!

(March 2023)

Men Won!

That's right, males of my specimen have won the battle of the sexes.  It's over.  Put a pin in it.  We guys won, you gals lost.  

(Full Disclosure: Although I was born biologically male at a very early age, it is only recently that I made it legally binding in the United States by openly declaring that from this place and time I hereby identify exclusively as male.  You may continue to call me - he/him, Mr. Majestic, that hunk over there, frijoles, sir, seer or sensei - just as you always have.)

For untold millennia, possibly even billennia, nature has endowed us guys with more power and strength than you gals, which allowed us to rule unchallenged throughout the natural world.  Well, all except for being eaten by that evil female Praying Mantis.

Take the mighty male lion.  Lord of the jungle and master of all he surveys.  He sits back, concentrating on diddley squat while the gal lions do absolutely everything - hunting, having babies, nursing and raising more lions - the whole megillah.  When a pack of female lions brings down a water buffalo, the male stretches, yawns, slowly saunters over, shakes his magnificent mane and roars, "Get The F Back Ladies!".  Then proceeds to dine alone.  Only after satisfying his hunger do the females get to eat the scraps.  This natural and equitable distribution of effort and reward has always worked flawlessly.  

There was only one small problem i.e., when the male lion lost his female pride to another male lion.

But forget that.  

Over hundreds of thousands of years the lion learned to walk on his hind legs and slowly evolved into us guys. To this day we still retain our advantage in strength and power - guaranteeing that our well deserved lordly privileges stay in place.

In fact, there are only two significant differences between us modern guys and today's un-evolved lions.

One:

Today's King Of The Jungle never learned to ferment beer.  A serious oversight on his part.

Two: *(This is Rated R. You must be 18 or older to read this next salacious bit of science. No cheating kids.  Skip over it.)

Let's compare a male lion lounging on the Serengeti surveying the passing herds with today's male-male guy lounging on the beach with a beer in his hand.  Although they both will have the same exact thought, i.e., "Wowza! look at the gorgeous haunch on that sweet looking young hottie over there.  I'd love to take a bite of that!"... 

...only the lion means this literally - I'm pretty sure. 

(Rated R section ends.  Under 18 can resume reading.)

All throughout hysterical time this precarious balance of nature has existed.  Only in the last coupla' hundred years have you gals decided to upset all this.   Your birthing and your rules about marriage before(you know) and your cooking all our food and washing our clothes and your bikinis and your common sense and all those other feminine supremacies just weren't good enough for you were they?  

Nope.  First it was voting, then owning things, wearing pants, driving cars and even forming a female rock band.  Talk about a slippery slope... 

And then in the 60's you must have thought you were all but victorious when you threw off the last of society's cultural mores and brazenly assumed histrionic male privileges.  

You fell right into our trap.

We fought.  We clawed.  We scratched back.  We reclaimed our territory inch by inch.  

You want proof?  Go to the the finest restaurants.  All the great chefs are men.  Who's designing all of Hillary's pantsuits and bikinis?  Armeni, Klein, Lauren, Dior.  What about shoes?  Jimmy Choo.  Who developed Mustang Sally's 1965 baby blue convertible you gals seduced us into buying for you?  Lee Iacocca.

And now.  The final hill has been conquered.

Men are better at literally, as well as figuratively, everything.  Men are setting new records in women's swimming, women's running and women's weightlifting.  How long do you think you can keep us out of female mud wrestling? 

The writing is on the wall gals.  Modern high school guys who can't get a partial baseball scholarship to the all male, College of Winnebago Repair in Bugscuffle, Tennessee will jigger their gender and become PAC 12 Player Of The Year on the Stanford softball team.

(OK Vern, I'll admit I have to give up watching women's gymnastics and figure skating but that is a small price to pay.)

You gals may fight back and enact legislation mandating some sort of Made In America type label.  Like defining a maximum percentage of X and Y Chromosomals we are allowed to field in order to retain the designation of a 'Women's Team'. 

But.... it is a losing battle and you know it. 

Congress, the President and even the Supreme Court can no longer even define what a women is. (Unless it depends on what the meaning of the word is, is.)

According to our government, universities, schools, movies and mainstream news, males can now do everything a female can do - menstruate, give birth, nurse, have sympathy for others, ask for directions when lost, flirtatiously evade speeding tickets - you name it.  

You want more proof that the XY chromosome now dominates what used to be for XXs only? 

"Makeup companies, feminine hygiene companies, and clothing companies have all concluded that men are better than women at selling their products."

"Dylan Mulvaney, transgender influencer, is the big winner in all this, thanks in part to his being Joe Biden’s favorite girl."

Drew Barrymore kneels before the better woman.

The Battle Is Over.  

Men are now better women than women.

[fictionz]

New Fiction 2022 - October

Short Stories & Chapters

"Leonora" by Everil Worrell (1927)

"The Hollow Man" by Norman Partridge (1991)

"The Black Stone Statue" by Mary Elizabeth Counselman (1937)

"The Door" by Ann R. Loverock (2020)

"The Events at Poroth Farm" by T.E.D. Klein (1972)

"The Dead Wagon" by Greye La Spina (1927)

"Soft" by F. Paul Wilson (1984)

"Beelzebub" by Robert Bloch (1963)

"The Black Phone" by Joe Hill (2004)

"The Angle of Horror" by Cristina Fernández Cubas (1996)

"The Striding Place" by Gertrude Atherton (1896)

"The Fall of the House of Usher" by Edgar Allan Poe (1839)

"The Nurse's Story" by Elizabeth Gaskell (1852)

"The Girl With the Hungry Eyes" by Fritz Leiber (1949)

"The Summer People" by Shirley Jackson (1950)

"The Husband Stitch" by Carmen Maria Machado (2014)

"The Phantom 'Rickshaw" by Rudyard Kipling (1888)

"Scales" by Cherene Sherrard (2017)

"The Aztec" by Carmen Baca (2020)

"The Reaper's Image" by Stephen King (1969)

"The Mummy’s Foot" by Théophile Gautier (1840)

"When the Gentlemen Go By" by Margaret Ronald (2008)

"The Pear-Shaped Man" by George R.R. Martin (1987)

"Turn Out the Light" by Penelope Love (2015)

"Unseen—Unfeared" by Francis Stevens (1919)

"The White Cormorant" by Frithjof Spalder (1971)

"A Ghost Story" by Mark Twain (1870)

"The Signal-Man" by Charles Dickens (1866)

"Rearview" by Samantha Hunt (2020)

"The Green Bowl" by Sarah Orne Jewett (1901)

"A Good Student" by Nuzo Onoh (2014)

Dracula Daily - "October" by Bram Stoker & ed. Matt Kirkland (1897, 2021)

Comic Shorts & Single Issues

"Swamp Monster" by Basil Wolverton (1953)

"The Portrait of Sal Pullman" by Lonnie Nadler & Abby Howard (2019)

"O Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad" by M.R. James & Abby Howard (2019)

"Rainbow Sprinkles" by W. Maxwell Prince, Chris O’Halloran, Martín Morazzo, Nimit Malavia (2018)

"Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall!" by Jack Davis, et al. (1953)

"The Harvest" by Shannon Campbell & Pam Wishbow (2016)

"In Each and Every Package" by Reed Crandall, et al. (1954)

"Roots in Hell" by Richard Corben (2016)

"Mars Is Heaven!" by Ray Bradbury, Wally Wood, et al. (1953)

"Save the Last Dance for Me!" by Dennis O'Neil & Pat Boyette (1969)

"Infected" by Bruce Jones, Richard Corben, Steve Oliff (1982)

"Unpleasant Side Effects" by Kerry Gammill, Sam F. Park, Mar Omega (2010)

"The Boar's Head Beast" by George Wildman, Nicola Cuti, Wayne Howard (1975)

"Ill Bred" by Charles Burns (1985)

"Don't Go to the Island" by Sfé R. Monster & Kalyna Riis-Phillips (2016)

"Some Other Animal's Meat" by Emily Carroll (2016)

"Greed" by Becky Cloonan, Jordie Bellaire, Travis Lanham (2013)

"Goin' South" by Nancy Collins, David Imhoff, Jeff Butler, Steve Montano, Renée Witterstaetter, Electric Crayon, Simon Bisley (1995)

"Winnebago Graveyard #1" by Steve Niles, Stephanie Paitreau, Jordie Bellaire, Jen Bartel, Alison Sampson, Aditya Bidikar, Mingjue Helen Chen, Sarah Horrocks (2017)

"Seed" by Fiona Staples, Jose Villarrubia, Michael Dougherty, Todd Casey, Zach Shields, Marc Andreyko (2015)

"Kill Screen" by Lauren Beukes, Dale Halvorsen, Ryan Kelly, Eva de la Cruz, Clem Robins, Bill Sienkiewicz, Rowena Yow, Shelly Bond (2015)

"The Fool of the Web" by Patricia Breen, Roel, Brenda Feikema (1997)

"Fortune Broken" by Sandy King, Leonardo Manco, Marianna Sanzone (2015)

"The Cemetery" by Franco, Abigail Larson, Wes Abbott, Sara Richard (2022)

"The Speed of Pain" by Jeff Lemire, Andrea Sorrentino, Dave Stewart, Steve Wands, Will Dennis (2018)

"Gestation" by Marguerite Bennett, Jonathan Brandon Sawyer, Doug Garbark, Nic. J. Shaw (2014)

"Chemical 13!" by Michael Woods & Saskia Gutekunst (2009)

"Hello, My Name Is..." by Nadia Shammas, Rowan MacColl, Licha Myers, Chris Sanchez (2021)

"Sea of Souls" by Jenna Lynn Wright, Alvaro Feliu, Juan Francisco Mota, Ricardo Osnaya, Erik Lopera Tamayo, Jorge Cortes, Robby Bevaro, Maxflan Araujo, Walter Pereyra, Taylor Esposito (2022)

"Crush" by Janet Hetherington, Ronn Sutton, Becka Kinzie, Zakk Saam (2018)

"The End of All Things" by Natalie Leif & Elaine Well (2014)

Video & Electronic Games

Silent Hill dev. Team Silent (1999)

The Excavation of Hob's Barrow dev. Cloak and Dagger Games (2022)

Halloween Forever dev. Imaginary Monsters (2016)

Bride of Frankenstein dev. Paul Smith, Steve Howard, Timedata Ltd. (1987)

Zombies Ate My Neighbors dev. LucasArts (1993)

Darkstalkers 3 (aka Vampire Savior) dev. Capcom (1997)

Movies

Smile dir. Parker Finn (2022)

The Mummy dir. Karl Freund (1932)

Invasion of the Body Snatchers dir. Don Siegel (1956)

The Skin I Live In dir. Pedro Almodóvar (2011)

The Picture of Dorian Gray dir. Albert Lewin (1945)

The Uninvited dir. Lewis Allen (1944)

The Other Side of the Underneath dir. Jane Arden (1972)

Jeepers Creepers: Reborn dir. Timo Vuorensola (2022)

Terrifier 2 dir. Damien Leone (2022)

Ravenous dir. Antonia Bird (1999)

The Experiment dir. Oliver Hirschbiegel (2001)

Ganja & Hess dir. Bill Gunn (1973)

Def by Temptation dir. James Bond III (1990)

Eyes Without a Face dir. Georges Franju (1960)

Under the Shadow dir. Babak Anvari (2016)

Amsterdam dir. David O. Russell (2022)

Deadstream dir. Joseph Winter & Vanessa Winter (2022)

In My Skin by Marina de Van (2002)

Evolution dir. Lucile Hadžihalilović (2015)

Eko Eko Azarak: Wizard of Darkness dir. Shimako Satō (1995)

Celia dir. Ann Turner (1989)

Censor dir. Prano Bailey-Bond (2021)

Halloween Ends dir. David Gordon Green (2022)

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari dir. Robert Wiene (1920)

Black Adam dir. Jaume Collet-Serra (2022)

Trouble Every Day dir. Claire Denis (2001)

Eve's Bayou dir. Kasi Lemmons (1997)

Monster (aka Humanoids from the Deep) dir. Barbara Peeters & Jimmy T. Murakami (1980)

The Mafu Cage dir. Karen Arthur (1978)

Medusa: Queen of the Serpents dir. Matthew B.C. (2020)

Medusa dir. Anita Rocha da Silveira (2021)

Prey for the Devil dir. Daniel Stamm (2022)

It Follows dir. David Robert Mitchell (2014)

Amer dir. Hélène Cattet & Bruno Forzani (2009)

TV Episodes

The Simpsons - "Treehouse of Horror XXXIII" (2022)

Bob's Burgers - "Apple Gore-chard! (But Not Gory)" (2022)

TV Series

Costume Quest (2019)

Castlevania - Seasons 3 & 4 (2020-2021)

[megandugger]

Rodney F. Hughes

Rodney F. Hughes began his career as a fashion designer after studying art and design at Pratt University. He worked and designed for brands such as Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, and Liz Claiborne. During his career in fashion, Hughes found himself and his health getting lost in the pace of the fashion industry. This led him to explore alternative routes of peace, self-care, and health. These different routes began with an interest and exploration of essential oils. Rosemary and lemon were a couple of essential oils that he found helped with his jet lag, sprouting his interest in the many uses of oils. Around this time, Hughes was studying reiki - later becoming a master reiki. This connection and understanding of energy directed his attention toward the healing properties of smell. With this, his interest shifted from essential oils to the opportunity for healing in parfums. Pictured below is a painting created by Hughes.

Working in the fashion industry, Rodney F. Hughes travelled to many places around the world. His visit to Sri Lanka, along the shore of the Indian Ocean inspired his love for fragrance the fragrance L'Autre by Diptyque. Rodney F. Hughes continued his exploration of parfum with extensive reading about aromatherapy, essential oils, and parfumery. This drove his confidence and interest in the idea of transitioning between industries. He went on to take a parfumery class taught by Debbie and Howard Freund. He later found that they had studied under Kathryn Degraff, where they learned the art of natural parfumery. This perspective on natural ingredients, led his understanding of the healing properties of plants and parfumery as medicine. He then spent six years in the industry as a parfum critic and later developed his brand, Therapeutate Parfums. Some other natural parfum brands include, Phlur, Sana Jardin, and By Rosie Jane.

Essential oils are the natural oils made from plants. They represent and provide the essence or most true scent of these natural resources. They are 100% concentrated oils or fragrance so the scent can last eight or more hours. Parfum, eau de toilette, and eau de cologne are all consisted of essential or fragrance oils. Parfum is usually about 20-30% essential or fragrance oil and can last six to eight hours. Eau de toilette is approximately 5-15% essential or fragrance oil and can last two to three hours. Eau de cologne is about 2-5% of essential or fragrance oils and can last as long as two hours. Each of these options are all consisted of very similar ingredients but vary in the level of concentration and therefor price and longevity. I typically wear parfum because I appreciate a strong and long lasting scent. 

Amethyst and lavender both stood out to me as I have always been attracted to the color purple. I found lavender intriguing because of the color but I ultimately have always loved the smell. I have also always been very attracted to amber because it is the scent that my mom always wore. The warmth, sweetness, and sensuality of amber is something I found myself wanting to reflect. This description is accurate with my relationship with the idea of femininity and maternal nature. Personally, my interest in parfum started with Dark Kiss from Bath and Bodyworks. The cherry sweetness was the part of this spray that was most attractive to me. Again, this parfum was purple in color. I think it interesting to recognize the combination of sensory attributes that influence the natural relationship with parfum.

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