#metaplastic

[onenicebugperday]

Balkan ornate bush-cricket, Metaplastes ornatus, Tettigoniidae

Found throughout the Balkan Peninsula

Photo 1 by gentoo, 2 by kostaszontanos, 3-4 by gabalz, and 5 by thanos_boulas,

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Reviews for Week 13, 2023

The emergence and influence of internal states. Flavell, S. W., Gogolla, N., Lovett-Barron, M., & Zelikowsky, M. (2022). Neuron, 110(16), 2545–2570.

What has vision science taught us about functional MRI? Himmelberg, M. M., Gardner, J. L., & Winawer, J. (2022). NeuroImage, 261, 119536.

Contributions by metaplasticity to solving the Catastrophic Forgetting Problem. Jedlicka, P., Tomko, M., Robins, A., & Abraham, W. C. (2022). Trends in Neurosciences, 45(9), 656–666.

Neural consequences of chronic sleep disruption. Zamore, Z., & Veasey, S. C. (2022). Trends in Neurosciences, 45(9), 678–691.

[wallkettle]

My best friend's mom was recently diagnosed with Metaplastic Breast Cancer

If you can, please consider donating to help ease Michelle and her family's financial burden while she battles breast cancer. It's ok if you can't donate; even a share and reblog would be very appreciated

Thank you for taking the time to read through this post and the link, and keep Michelle and her family in your thoughts

[jhavelikes]

Nanowire networks (NWNs) mimic the brain’s neurosynaptic connectivity and emergent dynamics. Consequently, NWNs may also emulate the synaptic processes that enable higher-order cognitive functions such as learning and memory. A quintessential cognitive task used to measure human working memory is the n-back task. In this study, task variations inspired by the n-back task are implemented in a NWN device, and external feedback is applied to emulate brain-like supervised and reinforcement learning. NWNs are found to retain information in working memory to at least n = 7 steps back, remarkably similar to the originally proposed “seven plus or minus two” rule for human subjects. Simulations elucidate how synapse-like NWN junction plasticity depends on previous synaptic modifications, analogous to “synaptic metaplasticity” in the brain, and how memory is consolidated via strengthening and pruning of synaptic conductance pathways.

Neuromorphic learning, working memory, and metaplasticity in nanowire networks | Science Advances

[ebonyforged]

★ Random info about Demonic Weapons and their physical/health attributes! Entirely incomplete, just a compilation of thoughts I’ve had that I’ll add to in the future.

★ The demons possess Biological Immortality when they are bound within a contract. This means they won’t age or deteriorate, but can be killed by injury or very rarely by disease. If or when the contract ends they resume ageing until their next contract is formed. In a way, they control their own immortality.

★ Not all Demonic Weapons are physically equal. They are all more powerful than the average human, but there are many genetic variables that can influence the demon’s individual potential. Whether their work to improve themselves obviously also plays a huge role.

★ Because Demonic Weapons have very dense muscles and bones, Ebony doesn’t bother with weighing herself, because the number will be high regardless and says nothing about her physical health. That said, yes, if someone picks her up they will be surprised by how heavy she is. This also means that enemies frequently underestimate how hard it is to knock her over in combat. Post-amnesia, she has yet to break any bones even when she would have been expected to. For anyone who’s curious about Ebony’s actual weight, it’s around 85kg/187lbs.

★ They have a very high metabolism. This is something she struggled to manage a lot when she was first out on the streets post-amnesia.

★ Blood-transfusions with human blood can be fatal if too much blood is given. A small or regular amount will only weaken her significantly and make her feel sick, but if she were to need and thus be given a lot, her body would violently reject it and possibly shut down.

★ On the topic of blood, regular ABO, Rhesus, or other blood typing tests used on human don’t work on her. In fact, the results are nothing short of confusing. Instead of either mixing nicely or causing agglutination when added to test serums containing human antibodies, her demonic blood will fully separate from the test serum. Mixing the two will be impossible, as though her blood has a hydrophobic coating, when in reality it’s physically repulsing the human antibodies.

★ Demonic Weapons are incredibly resistant to human disease, the only consistent exception being the common cold or demon-specific diseases.

★ Demonic Weapons have historically always had an incredibly hard time reproducing. If not for their longevity, hardly any couples would have enough time to try often enough and get lucky enough to get pregnant. When Ebony’s parents (and the Hellsmith as mentioned in my url lore post) found out they were having twins, this was unprecedented in any recorded history and caused a lot of excitement. The reason for this is that contrary to humans Demonic Weapons aren’t born with their lifetime supply of gametes (egg cells/reproductive cells), since their life span doesn’t have any determined length or end and varies per demon. Instead of being born with them, they create them throughout their life. A fertile stage is reached only once every 3,5 months or so, same with menstruation. The egg cells also aren’t as stable and are easily influenced by environmental factors as well as things such as diet, drug use etc., which can cause the ovulated cell to become metaplastic meaning it can do longer fulfill its function and be fertilized. Demonic Weapons can reproduce with other supernatural species and even humans. It’s unknown whether that factor makes conception harder.

★ All Demonic Weapons have a birthmark similar to Ebony’s that somehow ties in with an aspect of the design of their weapon vessel. This mark is also designed by the Hellsmith and the demons are born with it. It’s not a coincidence that Ebony’s mark is in the exact color of Ivory’s weapon vessel.

[arrangoiz]

Calcifications Identified on Mammogram

Straight lateral magnification view. “Milk of Calcium” Calcifications. The images clearly show benign “milk of calcium” type calcifications: Which do not warrant biopsy or interval follow-up regardless of how many are present In fibrocystic change: An apocrine metaplastic cell layer lines the cystically dilated acini: Which are filled with fluid and contain numerous psammoma body-like…

[jcmarchi]

Mark Bear wins Society for Neuroscience Julius Axelrod Prize

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/mark-bear-wins-society-for-neuroscience-julius-axelrod-prize/

Mark Bear wins Society for Neuroscience Julius Axelrod Prize

Recognizing his research advancing understanding of how the brain changes with experience by altering the strength of connections among neurons, a phenomenon called “synaptic plasticity,” the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) recently named Mark Bear, Picower Professor at MIT, a co-recipient of the 2023 Julius Axelrod Prize.

The prize honors scientists with distinguished achievements in the broad field of neuropharmacology or a related area and exemplary efforts in mentoring young scientists. Endowed by the Eli Lilly and Company Foundation, it includes a $30,000 prize and travel to this week’s SfN’s annual meeting in Washington, where Bear and co-recipient Raymond Dingledine of Emory University received the awards. Recipients are invited to give the keynote address at a National Institutes of Health symposium next spring.

In its announcement, SfN wrote: “Bear fundamentally advanced our understanding of experience‐dependent plasticity in the mammalian brain. He and his students showed that NMDA receptors trigger long‐term depression (LTD) as well as long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the cortex, that the properties of LTD and LTP are themselves ‘metaplastic’ and depend on the recent history of cortical activity, and that these bidirectional synaptic modifications and metaplasticity are essential for development of the visual cortex. His lab’s demonstration of LTD in the hippocampus was paradigm‐shifting, opening the door to numerous studies of the fundamental molecular mechanisms of synaptic modification. Their finding that LTD is impacted in several developmental disorders led to the insight that excess protein synthesis downstream of the glutamate receptor mGlu5 is a core driver of the synaptic, circuit, and behavioral dysfunction seen in Fragile X Syndrome, the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and a leading monogenic cause of autism. This work ushered in a sea change in how this and other developmental brain disorders are viewed medically and has led to numerous clinical trials in both Fragile X and autism.

“Additionally, Bear is an extraordinary mentor, with 18 of his 35 former postdoctoral researchers and 11 of his former PhD students now in tenure track positions. He is known for his positivity, optimism, and steadfast enthusiasm for science — even in the face of the challenges that research and funding present — and through his mentorship he passes these essential traits on to the next generation of scientists.”

Bear says he is delighted and honored to receive this award.

“Recognition for mentorship is particularly meaningful,” Bear says. “The greatest satisfaction of my career has been to help my undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdocs mature into the fantastic scientists they are today. I am proud of their many accomplishments, and very grateful for their key contributions to our studies of brain plasticity.

“It is also very meaningful to receive an award that commemorates Julius Axelrod,” Bear continues. “Dr. Axelrod received the 1970 Nobel Prize for his studies of neurotransmitters called catecholamines. His discoveries influenced my own, as my first studies as a graduate student focused on the involvement of catecholamines in the regulation of plasticity of visual cortex.”

[gendronrecherche]

Promise of Pyrvinium, the antihelminthic Drug in Stomach Cancer Prevention

The potential antihelminthic drug Pyrvinium to reverse metaplastic gastric mucosa in high-risk precancer patients is under investigation. http://dlvr.it/Sx7rsx

[ai-news]

Credit assignment in neural networks for correcting global output mistakes has been determined using many synaptic plasticity rules in natural neural networks. Short-term plasticity, Hebbian learning, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) hav #AI #ML #Automation

[rnomics]

#miRNA-132/212 Deficiency Disrupts Selective Corticosterone Modulation of Dorsal vs. Ventral Hippocampal Metaplasticity

Cortisol is a potent human steroid hormone that plays key roles in the central nervous system, influencing processes such as brain neuronal synaptic plasticity and regulating the expression of emotional and behavioral responses. The relevance of cortisol stands out in the disease, as its dysregulation is associated with debilitating conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease, chronic stress, anxiety and depression. Among other brain regions, cortisol importantly influences the function of the... https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37298523/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1Zap-74u4XbiV7x0qz5lToBuxtoq00qwwHZUuXSRQOsim8UYds&fc=None&ff=20230616100523&v=2.17.9.post6%2086293ac

[leedsomics]

Spatial transcriptomics reveal pitfalls and opportunities for the detection of rare high-plasticity breast cancer subtypes

Breast cancer is one of the most prominent types of cancers, in which therapeutic resistance is still a major clinical hurdle. Specific subtypes like Claudin-low (CL) and metaplastic breast cancers (MpBC) have been associated with high non-genetic plasticity, which can facilitate resistance. The overlaps and differences between these orthogonal subtypes, respectively identified by molecular and histopathological analyses, are however still insufficiently characterised. Adequate methods to identify high-plasticity tumours to better anticipate resistance are furthermore still lacking. Here we analysed 11 triple negative breast tumours, including 3 CL and 4 MpBC samples, via high-resolution spatial transcriptomics. We combined pathological annotations and deconvolution approaches to precisely identify tumour spots, on which we performed signature enrichment, differential expression and copy-number analyses. We used the TCGA and CCLE public databases for external validation of expression markers. By levying spatial transcriptomics to focus analyses only to tumour cells in MpBC samples, and therefore bypassing the negative impact of stromal contamination, we could identify specific markers that are not expressed in other subtypes nor stromal cells. Three markers (BMPER, POPDC3 and SH3RF3) could furthermore be validated in external expression databases encompassing bulk tumour material and stroma-free cell lines. We find that existing bulk expression signatures of high-plasticity breast cancers are relevant in mesenchymal transdifferentiated compartments but can be hindered by stromal cell prevalence in tumour samples, negatively impacting their clinical applicability. Spatial transcriptomics analyses can however help identify more specific expression markers, and could thus enhance diagnosis and clinical care of rare high-plasticity breast cancers. http://dlvr.it/SnGBHF

[biomedres]

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of Literature in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research

https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006035.php

Background: Despite the variety of epithelial malignancies seen in the breast, primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is rare. It was often classified as one of the metaplastic carcinomas of the breast, although it can arise denovo from benign cysts in the breast. The reported incidence is less than 0.1% of all the ductal carcinomata. It has no distinct clinical features and radiological appearances are also unremarkable. Case Report: We managed a 43-year-old housewife at the General Surgery Unit of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Borno State-Nigeria, who presented with an 11-month old left breast lump that developed malignant features 2 months prior to presentation. A diagnostic Ultra Sound Scan revealed a 10cm retroareola cystic mass with irregular margins and no colour flow on Doppler interrogation, with a provisional diagnosis of a chronic breast abscess. A Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology was equivocal. A wide local excision with axillary dissection was done and postoperative histopathologic analysis showed a primary squamous cell carcinoma. The resection margins were free and only one lymph node showed metastatic deposit. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma of the breast is the most common malignancy in the breast. The absence of primary squamous cells in the breast renders pure squamous cell carcinoma a rarity. The presentation of squamous cell carcinoma could be similar to that of an adenocarcinoma or bears a benign outlook. It is imperative therefore to subject all benign lesions of the breast to pathological analysis after removal.

For more articles in Journals on Biomedical Sciences click here bjstr

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[jhavelikes]

Influences of the habenular complex on electrophysiological and neurochemical aspects of brain functioning are well known. However, its role in cognition has been sparsely investigated until recently. The habenular complex, composed of medial and lateral subdivisions, is a node linking the forebrain with midbrain and hindbrain structures. The lateral habenula is the principal actor in this direct dialogue, while the medial habenula mostly conveys information to the interpeduncular nucleus before this modulates further regions. Here we describe neuroanatomical and physiological aspects of the habenular complex, and its role in cognitive processes, including new behavioral, electrophysiological and imaging findings. Habenular complex lesions result in deficits in learning, memory and attention, some of which decline during repeated testing, while others become worse, consistent with multiple roles in cognition. The habenular complex is particularly responsive to feedback about errors. Electrophysiological studies indicate a role in metaplasticity, the modulation of neuroplasticity. These studies thus reveal important roles of the habenular complex in learning, memory and attention.

A conductor hidden in the orchestra? Role of the habenular complex in monoamine transmission and cognition - ScienceDirect

[hackernewsrobot]

Neuromorphic learning, working memory, and metaplasticity in nanowire networks

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adg3289 Comments

[anantradingpvtltd]

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[rxbreast]

Invasive or infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), also known as infiltrating ductal carcinoma, is a type of breast cancer that starts in the milk ducts of the breast and moves into nearby tissue. In time, IDC may spread (metastasize) through the lymph nodes or bloodstream to other areas of the body. This is known as metastatic breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma is also the most common type of male breast cancer.

Some people may be diagnosed with a subtype of IDC. These diagnoses are rare, with each one making up less than 5 percent of all breast cancers. Less common forms of IDC include:

- Medullary carcinoma

- Metaplastic carcinoma

- Mucinous (or colloid) carcinoma

- Papillary carcinoma

- Tubular carcinoma

IDC may be discovered on a mammogram before presenting any symptoms. However, some individuals may have symptoms including:

- Changes in breast shape

- Breast or nipple pain

- Discharge from the nipple

- Swelling of the breast

- A lump in the breast tissue

- Thickening of the nipple skin