#mexico 68 at 50

[mysticstronomy]

WHAT ARE WHITE DWARFS??

Blog#356

Saturday, December 9th, 2023

Welcome back,

White dwarfs are what is left when stars like our sun have exhausted all of their fuel. They are dense, dim, stellar corpses — the last observable stage of evolution for low- and medium-mass stars.

Whilst most massive stars will eventually go supernova, a low or medium mass star with a mass less than about 8 times the mass of the sun will eventually become a white dwarf, according to NASA. Approximately 97% of the stars in the Milky Way will eventually become white dwarfs, according to researchers.

Compared to our sun, a white dwarf has a similar carbon and oxygen mass though it is much smaller in size — similar to Earth, according to New Mexico State University (NMSU).

White dwarf temperatures can exceed 100,000 Kelvin according to NASA (that's about 179,500 degrees Fahrenheit). Despite these sweltering temperatures, white dwarfs have a low luminosity as they're so small in size according to NMSU.

Main-sequence stars, including the sun, form from clouds of dust and gas drawn together by gravity.

How the stars evolve through their lifetime depends on their mass. The most massive stars, with eight times the mass of the sun or more, will never become white dwarfs. Instead, at the end of their lives, white dwarfs will explode in a violent supernova, leaving behind a neutron star or black hole.

Smaller stars, however, will take a slightly more sedate path. Low- to medium-mass stars, such as the sun, will eventually swell up into red giants. After that, the stars shed their outer layers into a ring known as a planetary nebula (early observers thought the nebulas resembled planets such as Neptune and Uranus ). The core that is left behind will be a white dwarf, a husk of a star in which no hydrogen fusion occurs.

Smaller stars, such as red dwarfs, don't make it to the red giant state. They simply burn through all of their hydrogen, ending the process as a dim white dwarf. However, red dwarfs take trillions of years to consume their fuel, far longer than the 13.8-billion-year-old age of the universe, so no red dwarfs have yet become white dwarfs.

When a star runs out of fuel, it no longer experiences an outward push from the process of fusion and it collapses inward on itself.

White dwarfs contain approximately the mass of the sun but have roughly the radius of Earth, according to Cosmos, the astronomy encyclopedia from Swinburne University in Australia. This makes them among the densest objects in space, beaten out only by neutron stars and black holes. According to NASA, the gravity on the surface of a white dwarf is 350,000 times that of gravity on Earth. That means a 150-pound (68-kilogram) person on Earth would weigh 50 million pounds (22.7 million kg) on the surface of a white dwarf.

White dwarfs reach this incredible density because they are collapsed so tightly that their electrons are smashed together, forming what is called "degenerate matter." The former stars will keep collapsing until the electrons themselves provide enough of an outward-pressing force to halt the crunch. The more mass, the greater the pull inward, so a more massive white dwarf has a smaller radius than its less massive counterpart.

Those conditions mean that, after shedding much of its mass during the red giant phase, no white dwarf can exceed 1.4 times the mass of the sun.

When a star swells up to become a red giant, it engulfs its closest planets. But some can still survive. NASA’s Spitzer spacecraft revealed that at least 1 to 3 percent of white dwarf stars have contaminated atmospheres that suggest rocky material has fallen into them.

Originally published on www.space.com

COMING UP!!

(Wednesday, December 13th, 2023)

"METHUSELAH STAR IS THE OLDEST STAR IN OUR UNIVERSE??"

[torturedalbatross]

surprise songs

usa 🇺🇸

1. mirrorball & Tim McGraw

2. this is me trying & State of Grace

3. Our Song & Snow On The Beach

4. cowboy like me & White Horse

5. Sad Beautiful Tragic & Ours

6. Death By A Thousand Cuts & Clean

7. Jump Then Fall & The Lucky One

8. Speak Now & Treacherous

9. The Great War & You’re On Your Own, Kid

10. mad woman & Mean

11. Wonderland & You’re Not Sorry

12. A Place In This World & Today Was A Fairytale

13. Begin Again & Cold As You

14. The Other Side Of The Door & coney island

15. High Infidelity & Gorgeous

16. I Bet You Think About Me & How You Get The Girl

17. Sparks Fly & Teardrops On My Guitar

18. Out Of The Woods & Fifteen

19. Would’ve, Could’ve, Should’ve & Mine

20. gold rush & Come Back…Be Here

21. Forever & Always & This Love

22. Hey Stephen & The Best Day

23. Should’ve Said No & Better Man

24. Question…? & Invisible

25. I Think He Knows & Red

26. Getaway Car & Maroon

27. Holy Ground & False God

28. Welcome To New York & Clean

29. I Wish You Would & the lakes

30. You All Over Me & I Don’t Wanna Live Forever

31. Hits Different & The Moment I Knew

32. Haunted & I Almost Do

33. All You Had To Do Was Stay & Breathe

34. Mr. Perfectly Fine & The Last Time

35. seven & The Story Of Us

36. Paper Rings & If This Was A Movie

37. Dear John & Daylight

38. I’m Only Me When I’m With You & evermore

39. ivy & Call It What You Want

40. Never Grow Up & When Emma Falls in Love

41. Last Kiss & dorothea

42. Picture To Burn & Timeless

43. Starlight & Back To December

44. This Is Why We Can’t Have Nice Things & Everything Has Changed

45. Tied Together With A Smile & Message In A Bottle

46. Right Where You Left Me & Castles Crumbling

47. Stay Stay Stay & All Of The Girls You Loved Before

48. I Can See You & Maroon

49. Our Song & You Are In Love

50. Death By A Thousand Cuts & You’re On Your Own, Kid

51. Dress & exile

52. I Know Places & King Of My Heart

53. New Romantics & New Year’s Day

mexico 🇲🇽

54. I Forgot That You Existed & Sweet Nothing

55. Tell Me Why & Snow On The Beach

56. Cornelia Street & You’re On Your Own, Kid

57. Afterglow & Maroon

argentina 🇦🇷

58. The Very First Night & Labyrinth

59. Is It Over Now?/ Out Of The Woods & End Game

60. Better Than Revenge & “Slut!”

brasil 🇧🇷

61. Stay Beautiful & Suburban Legends

62. Dancing With Our Hands Tied & Bigger Than The Whole Sky

63. ME! & So It Goes…

64. Now That We Don’t Talk & Innocent

65. Safe & Sound & Untouchable

66. Say Don’t Go & it’s time to go

japan 🇯🇵

67. Dear Reader & Holy Ground

68. Eyes Open & Electric Touch

69. Superman & The Outside

70. Come In With The Rain & You’re On Your Own, Kid

australia 🇦🇺

71. Red & You’re Losing Me

72. Getaway Car/ august/ The Other Side of the Door & this is me trying

73. Come Back… Be Here/ Daylight & Teardrops On My Guitar

74. How You Get The Girl & White Horse/ coney island

75. Should’ve Said No/ You’re Not Sorry & New Year’s Day/ peace

76. Is It Over Now?/ I Wish You Would & Haunted/ exile

77. Would’ve, Could’ve, Should’ve/ ivy & Forever & Always/ Maroon

singapore 🇸🇬

78. Mine/ Starlight & I Don’t Wanna Live Forever/ Dress

79. long story short/ The Story Of Us & Clean/ evermore

80. Foolish One/ Tell Me Why & This Love/ Call It What You Want

81. Death By A Thousand Cuts/ Babe & Fifteen/ You’re On Your Own, Kid

82. Sparks Fly/ gold rush & False God/ “Slut!”

83. Tim McGraw/ cowboy like me & mirrorball/ epiphany

france 🇫🇷

84. Paris & loml

85. Is It Over Now?/ Out Of The Woods & My Boy Only Breaks His Favorite Toys

86. Hey Stephen & Maroon

87. The Alchemy/ Treacherous & Begin Again/ Paris

sweden 🇸🇪

88. I Think He Knows/ Gorgeous & Peter

89. Guilty as Sin? & Say Don’t Go/ Welcome To New York/ Clean

90. Message in a Bottle/ How You Get The Girl/ New Romantics & How Did It End?

portugal 🇵🇹

91. Come Back… Be Here/ The Way I Loved You/ The Other Side of the Door & Fresh Out The Slammer/ High Infidelity

92. The Tortured Poets Department/ Now That We Don’t Talk & You’re On Your Own, Kid/ Long Live

spain 🇪🇸 

93. Sparks Fly/ I Can Fix Him (No Really I Can) & I Look in People’s Windows/ Snow On The Beach

94. Our Song/ Jump Then Fall & King Of My Heart

france (reprise) 🇫🇷

95. The Prophecy/ Long Story Short & Fifteen/ You’re On Your Own, Kid

96. Glitch/ Everything Has Changed & Chloe or Sam or Sophia or Marcus

united kingdom 🇬🇧

97. Would’ve Could’ve Should’ve/ I Know Places & ‘tis the damn season/ Daylight

98. The Bolter/ Getaway Car & All Of The Girls You Loved Before/ Crazier

99. It’s Nice To Have A Friend/ dorothea & Haunted/ exile

100. I Can See You/ Mine & Cornelia Street/ Maroon

101. This Is What You Came For/ gold rush & The Great War/ You’re Losing Me

102. Carolina/ No Body, No Crime & The Manuscript/ Red

[ongolecharles]

WORLD'S MOST PEACEFUL NATIONS

Where does your country stand?

Rank Country

---- -------

1 🇮🇸 Iceland

2 🇮🇪 Ireland

3 🇦🇹 Austria

4 🇳🇿 New Zealand

5 🇸🇬 Singapore

6 🇨🇭 Switzerland

7 🇵🇹 Portugal

8 🇩🇰 Denmark

9 🇸🇮 Slovenia

10 🇲🇾Malaysia

11 🇨🇦 Canada

12 🇨🇿 Czech Republic

13 🇫🇮 Finland

14 🇭🇺 Hungary

15 🇭🇷 Croatia

16 🇧🇪 Belgium

17 🇯🇵 Japan

18 🇳🇱Netherlands

19 🇦🇺 Australia

20 🇩🇪Germany

21 🇧🇹 Bhutan

22 🇲🇺 Mauritius

23 🇪🇸 Spain

24 🇪🇪 Estonia

25 🇰🇼 Kuwait

26 🇧🇬 Bulgaria

27 🇸🇰 Slovak Republic

28 🇳🇴 Norway

29 🇶🇦 Qatar

30 🇱🇻 Latvia

31 🇱🇹Lithuania

32 🇵🇱 Poland

33 🇮🇹 Italy

34 🇬🇧United Kingdom

35 🇲🇪Montenegro

36 🇷🇴Romania

37 🇴🇲 Oman

38 🇲🇰North Macedonia

39 🇸🇪 Sweden

40 🇬🇷 Greece

41 🇻🇳 Vietnam

42 🇦🇱 Albania

43 🇹🇼 Taiwan

44 🇲🇬Madagascar

45 🇲🇳Mongolia

46 🇰🇷South Korea

47 🇦🇷Argentina

48 🇮🇩Indonesia

49 🇱🇦Lao P.D.R.

50 🇧🇼Botswana

51 🇹🇱Timor-Leste

52 🇺🇾Uruguay

53 🇦🇪United Arab Emirates

54 🇷🇸 Serbia

55 🇬🇭 Ghana

56 🇽🇰 Kosovo

57 🇿🇲 Zambia

58 🇨🇷 Costa Rica

59 🇰🇿Kazakhstan

60 🇺🇿Uzbekistan

61 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina

62 🇳🇦 Namibia

63 🇲🇩 Moldova

64 🇨🇱 Chile

65 🇹🇿Tanzania

66 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone

67 🇯🇴 Jordan

68 🇧🇴 Bolivia

69 🇱🇷 Liberia

70 🇰🇭Cambodia

71 🇹🇯Tajikistan

72 🇦🇴 Angola

73 🇵🇾Paraguay

73 🇹🇳 Tunisia

75 🇹🇭 Thailand

76 🇦🇲 Armenia

77 🇰🇬 Kyrgyz Republic

78 🇲🇦 Morocco

79 🇲🇼 Malawi

80 🇳🇵Nepal

81 🇧🇭 Bahrain

82 🇬🇲The Gambia

82 🇹🇲Turkmenistan

84 🇸🇳 Senegal

85 🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau

86 🇫🇷 France

87 🇹🇹Trinidad and Tobago

88 🇨🇳 China

88 🇨🇾Cyprus

90 🇩🇿 Algeria

91 🇯🇲Jamaica

92 🇷🇼 Rwanda

93 🇧🇩Bangladesh

94 🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea

95 🇲🇷Mauritania

96 🇵🇦 Panama

97 🇩🇴Dominican Republic

98 🇨🇺 Cuba

99 🇵🇪 Peru

100 🇬🇪Georgia

100 🇱🇰Sri Lanka

102 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia

103 🇸🇿Eswatini

104 🇵🇭Philippines

105 🇪🇬Egypt

106 🇦🇿Azerbaijan

107 🇸🇻El Salvador

107 🇲🇿Mozambique

109 🇨🇮Côte d’Ivoire

110 🇨🇬Republic of the Congo

111 🇬🇾Guyana

112 🇧🇾Belarus

113 🇳🇮Nicaragua

114 🇧🇯 Benin

115 🇵🇬Papua New Guinea

116 🇮🇳 India

117 🇬🇹Guatemala

118 🇬🇦 Gabon

119 🇩🇯Djibouti

120 🇹🇬T ogo

121 🇬🇲Zimbabwe

122 🇰🇪Kenya

123 🇭🇳Honduras

124 🇬🇳 Guinea

125 🇱🇸Lesotho

126 🇺🇬Uganda

127 🇿🇦 South Africa

128 🇱🇾 Libya

129 🇧🇮Burundi

130 🇪🇨Ecuador

131 🇧🇷Brazil

132 🇺🇸United States

133 🇮🇷 Iran

134 🇱🇧Lebanon

135 🇹🇩 Chad

136 🇪🇷 Eritrea

137 🇨🇲Cameroon

138 🇲🇽Mexico

139 🇹🇷Türkiye

140 🇵🇰Pakistan

141 🇳🇪Niger

142 🇻🇪Venezuela

143 🇭🇹 Haiti

144 🇪🇹Ethiopia

145 🇵🇸Palestine

146 🇨🇴Colombia

147 🇳🇬Nigeria

148 🇲🇲Myanmar

149 🇻🇺Burkina Faso

150 🇨🇫Central African Republic

151 🇮🇶Iraq

152 🇰🇵North Korea

153 🇸🇴Somalia

154 🇲🇱Mali

155 🇮🇱 Israel

156 🇸🇾 Syria

157 🇷🇺 Russia

158 🇨🇩Democratic Republic of the Congo

159 🇺🇦Ukraine

160 🇦🇫Afghanistan

161 🇸🇸South Sudan

162 🇸🇩 Sudan

163 🇾🇪 Yemen

But what's the TRUE PEACE??

Only JESUS is the true PEACE ...

● "Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. Not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid." ... John 44:27

● "If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all." ... Romans 12:18

【Build your Faith in Christ Jesus on #dailyscripturereadingsgroup 📚: +256 751 540 524 .. Whatsapp】

***

Source: Global Peace Index 2024.

[realmadridnews]

National team matches - results

England - Brazil 0:1 (Endrick 80')

Jude Belligham - played 67 minutes. (7/10)

Vinicius Junior - played 89 minutes and assisted Endrick's goal. (6,8/10)

Rodrygo Goes - played 71 minutes. (7,3/10)

Spain - Brazil 3:3 (Rodri (p) 12', Olmo 36', Rodri (p) 87' - Rodrygo 40', Endrick 50', Paqueta (p) 90+7)

Daniel Carvajal - played the whole match. (6,6/10)

Joselu Mato - didn't play.

Rodrygo Goes - played 82 minutes and scored. (7,4/10)

Vinicius Junior - played 71 minutes. (6,6/10)

France - Germany 0:2 (Wirtz 1', Havertz 49')

Aurelien Tchouameni - played 74 minutes. (6,9/10)

Eduardo Camavinga - played 29 minutes. (6,4/10)

Antonio Rudiger - played the whole match. (7/10)

Toni Kroos - played 90 minutes. Assisted Wirtz' goal. (8,2/10)

France - Chile 3:2 (Fofana 19', Kolo Muani 25', Giroud 72' - Nunez 6', Osorio 82')

Aurelien Tchouameni - played the whole match. (7,4/10)

Eduardo Camavinga - played 44 minutes, came off with an injury. (6,5/10)

Germany - Netherlands 2:1 (Mittelstadt 11', Fullkrug 85' - Veerman 4')

Antonio Rudiger - played the whole match. (6,5/10)

Toni Kroos - played the whole match. Assisted Fullkrug's goal. (7,3/10)

Spain - Colombia 0:1 (Munoz 61')

Joselu Mato - played 62 minutes. (6,2/10)

Daniel Carvajal - didn't play.

Morocco - Angola 1:0 (Carmo (OG) 72')

Brahim Diaz - played 87 minutes.

Yusi Enriquez - didn't play.

Morocco - Mauritania 0:0

Brahim Diaz - played the whole match.

Yusi Enriquez - didn't play.

Mexico U23 - Argentina U23 2:4 (Ayon 32', 45+2' Carillo - Almada 13', Soule 25', Beltran 49', 68')

Nico Paz - didn't start. No other information.

Mexico U23 - Argentina U23 3:0 (Munoz (p) 38', Arciga 63', 90+3')

Nico Paz - played 66 minutes.

Croatia - Tunisia 0:0 (p. 5:4) (Kramaric, Petkovic, Majer, Pasalic - Ben Romdhane, Laidouni, Abdi, Ltaief)

Luka Modric - played 59 minutes.

Egypt - Croatia 2:4 (Rabia 6', Abdelmonem 90+4' - Vlasic 21', Perkovic 57', Kramaric 77', Majer 86')

Luka Modric - played 60 minutes. Assisted Vlasic' and Petkovic' goals. (7,6/10)

England - Belgium 2:2 (Toney (p) 17', Bellingham 90+5' - Tielemans 11', 36')

Jude Bellingham - played the whole match and scored.

Hungary - Turkey 1:0 (Szoboszlai (p) 48')

Arda Guler - played 30 minutes. (6,7/10)

Austria - Turkey 6:1 (Schlager 2', Gregoritsch 44', 48', 59', Baumgartner (p) 78', Entrup 90+5' - Calhanoglu (p) 25')

Arda Guler -played 77 minutes. (6/10)

Bosnia and Hercegovina - Ukraine 1:2 (Matviienko (OG) 56' - Yaremchuk 85', Dovbyk 88')

Andriy Lunin - played the whole match (6,4/10)

Ukraine - Iceland 2:1 (Tsygankov 54', Mudryk 84' - Gudmundsson 30')

Andriy Lunin - played the whole match (6,8/10)

Uruguay - Basque Country 1:1 (Vecino 46' - Djalo 44')

Federico Valverde - not in the squad.

Uruguay - Ivory Coast 1:2 (Vinas 77' - Olivera (OG) 9', Doue 84')

Federico Valverde - played the whole match. (6,4/10)

[pia-writes-things]

I was tagged by @bourbon-ontherocks to post 9 of my fave film first watches of 2023, which is... uh. Hard. Like, I did go to the cinema or watch movies this year but I have a shit memory so 💀💀 Thank you so much tho, I like talking about movies and going to the theater !!

The immediates ones that come to mind are :

Spider-man : across the spiderverse. It was amazing ! The story was really good, the animation was incredible, and the music was great. Probably one of my favourite movies period haha

I care a lot. This movie was EVERYTHING. Be gay, do crime at its best. I loved it a lot. It was terrifying on what it said about the US legal system tho. But Rosamund Pike was amazing in it !

Catherine called birdy. It was super sweet but also way more traumatic than I expected? Went it for the comedy, got out with righteous anger about medieval patriarchy so... At least the acting was very good lmao

Olivia. An old french movie, but SO queer and so dramatic, in a camp way. We got out of the theater laughing with @gay-impressionist because it was lesbian drama at its core but make it 50's. I don't think the movie was supposed to be that funny, but it was to us !

Tlatelolco, verano del 68. An amazing movie about the October 2nd, 1968 massacre in Mexico city, just before the Olympics. It's hard to watch, but really well done and really important !

Roma. A movie about a mexican family and Cleo, their help. Great commentary on class, race, colonization, patriarchy and family in Mexico in the 60's. Also happens to mention the 2nd of October massacre, but in the background.

Promising young woman. Amazing movie. Hard to watch. Still not sure I understood the message but there definitely was one lol.

A private war. A biopic about war reporter Marie Colvin. Amazing performance by Rosamund Pike (yes, her again, if you hadn't understood by now, she was my star crush of this year lol). The movie was also really intense because she covered a lot of conflicts in the 2000's and 2010's, and they were not downplaying it.

Barbie. Of course.

Phew, I did it! I actually remembered 9 movies I watched this year! With the help of my phone but still. I even got to choose between more than 9 movies, so they are, indeed, my fave first watch of this year <3

I don't really know who to tag? So, anyone who reads this and, with no pressure : @gay-impressionist, @saecookie, @thebusylilbee, @corleyan

I tried to tag people who I know like to go to the movies <3

[pcttrailsidereader]

Flee for Your Life? Wildfires transform hiking in California's mountains

This is an excerpt from an article published on August 21, 2022 in the Santa Cruz Sentinel. I wish so many of our posts were not related to wildfires but fires have become a critical issue in trip planning and trip safety. Make sure you read to the recommendations at the end of the piece.

By Ethan Baron

Andrew Schrock woke around midnight smelling smoke on a backpacking trip late last month in California’s far north.

“I heard what I thought was rain but was ashes on the tent,” said Schrock, 43.

Using a satellite-based device from the Klamath National Forest near the Oregon border, he texted family and friends back home to find out what was happening – but “no one was up.”

He’d had cell service a mile back along the iconic Pacific Crest Trail that stretches from Mexico to Canada, so he set out alone in the dark, got online, and discovered that the McKinney Fire – which has since grown to more than 60,000 acres, killed four people and required the rescue of 60 hikers from the California side of the trail – had ignited behind him to the south the previous afternoon.

Ask anyone who hikes in California’s mountains about wildfires and you’ll likely get an earful about canceled trips, detours, lung-burning smoke and, possibly, harrowing escapes. Backcountry travelers are increasingly finding themselves on the dangerous edge of a changing climate that is driving drought, parching forests, spreading tree-killing beetles and altering weather patterns. Add in heavy vegetation buildup from decades of fire suppression, and you have frequent, ferocious forest fires that scramble hikers’ best-laid plans and demand new tactics for staying safe.

Schrock, of Long Beach, flew from Ashland, Oregon, to Fresno and then caught a bus to Yosemite to get back into the Sierra Nevada and finish his vacation covering more ground and enjoying the wilderness on his multi-year quest to complete the Pacific Crest Trail, he recalled while taking a snack break beside Lower Echo Lake near Lake Tahoe.

Dallan Clancy of Belmont, 68, finishing up a day hike 100 miles west of Sacramento at Carson Pass, said he had to cancel an overnight trip last September in the southern Sierra because the U.S. Forest Service shut access to all but one of California’s national forests over fire risks, including what the agency called “fire behavior that is beyond the norm of our experience and models such as large, quick runs in the night.” Clancy said he and four friends are aiming to do the trip this year, “unless it gets really bad.”

“We’ve always made note of escape routes, but on this trip, we actually planned our escape routes. We wanted to know the routes we could take to get out to a road,” said Jack Daro, a Southern California musician taking a break at Carson Pass during a backpacking trek to Yosemite National Park.

Hikers in years past “just went and did whatever you wanted to do wherever you wanted to go,” Wilkinson said. But 2020 marked a transformation, with the million-acre August Complex Fire, the Creek Fire northeast of Fresno that led to helicopter evacuations of hundreds of people including hikers on the John Muir Trail, and other massive blazes launching California into the age of mega-fires, Wilkinson said.

Nine of California’s 20 biggest fires since 1932 have occurred in the past three years, torching 4.1 million acres, according to Cal Fire. This year’s five biggest blazes have burned 116,000 acres, and “we’re just now getting into peak wildfire season,” Wilkinson said.

U.S. Forest Service spokeswoman Adrienne Freeman noted that fire can move much faster in today’s baked-crisp forests. “The window between OK and not OK,” Freeman said, “is becoming shorter and shorter.”

Backcountry journeyers who think seeing smoke but no flames means they’re fine may be mistaken, Wilkinson said. “Fire can move like a freight train, much faster than a person can run.”

Some hikers have dramatically changed the way they travel. Loetitia Saint-Jacques, 50, a Tahoe City veterinary technician, was on an overnight trip this month near South Lake Tahoe. Before the mega-fires, she and her companions would take long trips into deep wilderness. “We don’t go as remote now,” Saint-Jacques said. “Now it’s shorter trips. We do overnights, instead of five to eight days.”

Long-distance speed-hiker Ella Raff had multiple run-ins with wildfire and its fallout after embarking on the Pacific Crest Trail in June to walk from Mexico to Canada. Last month, the Washburn Fire in Yosemite shrouded her in smoke for two days. “I was just breathing heavy smoke 24/7. It’s not very fun,” said Raff, 29, of Portland. Farther north in California, traversing 85 miles of trail charred from last year’s nearly million-acre Dixie Fire left Raff covered in ash and dismayed by a “surreal” landscape with little animal life.

Soon after, she smelled smoke from the McKinney Fire. As she was nearing the Oregon border, authorities shut the trail ahead. More than 100 miles of the route remain closed, with the fire, which started July 29, now almost contained. Raff made her way to Portland, then to Washington to hike the trail southward from Canada.

Changing jumping-off points, routes, destinations, or timing to cope with uncertainty about fires is now routine for hikers in California. The Caldor Fire, which ravaged 220,000 acres southwest of Lake Tahoe last year from August to October, forced Truckee artist Danae Anderson, 63, to cancel three backpacking trips. “Everything was too smoky up here,” said Anderson, hiking beside Lower Echo Lake. She went to Yosemite instead.

Reckless target shooting by a father and son allegedly caused the Caldor Fire. The inferno’s scar stretches nearly 50 miles southwest of Echo Lakes in a swath up to 15 miles wide, much of it a blackened wasteland of lifeless trees, some downed, some standing without greenery, granite on many boulders shattered in places by the intense heat. More than 80 miles of the Pacific Crest Trail were closed from the fire’s start last August until early this year. Hikers passing through such areas may find water scarce, and standing dead trees can pose a deadly toppling hazard, said Matt Rump, a trail stewardship staffer for the Pacific Crest Trail Association.

Crews take down the most dangerous trees, but because there are so many dead, and they provide important wildlife habitat, officials accept some risk to hikers, under the calculus that “if you get whacked, it’s your time,” said Cheryl Bailey, 73, a volunteer for the Tahoe Rim Trail Association, as she walked along the 2 1/2 miles of the rim trail that run through the Caldor scar and that she’s been helping rebuild.

Some hikers console themselves with fire’s importance to forest health, but many of today’s blazes burn so hot they kill trees accustomed to lower-intensity fires.

In the Echo Chalet store where Schrock, who fled the McKinney Fire, bought snacks, cashier Georgia Sprague, 22, chatted with the trekkers whose ebbs and flows depend on fires and smoke. Many expressed urgency over climate change.

“They feel a lot of a push to get out,” she said, “and see the world before it burns up.”

Wildfire safety tips for hikers

Recommendations for staying safe while hiking in the age of mega-fires:

Check websites such as InciWeb for fire information and PurpleAir for air-quality information before, and if possible during, backcountry trips.

2. Give friends and family your itinerary, always know your location and pay close attention to your surroundings in case you need to retreat.

3. Know whether fires are prohibited where you’re going.

4. Carry paper maps in addition to any digital maps or apps.

5. Use cell phones and satellite-based devices to monitor weather, fires, wind, air quality and alerts such as Red Flag wildfire warnings, and to stay in close contact with people not in the wilderness who may have better access to weather and fire information. Many satellite-based messaging devices such as the popular Garmin inReach also act as rescue beacons; trekkers wishing to stay less connected may prefer personal locator beacons that are only for emergency rescue.

6. Pay attention to signs at trailheads and trail junctions.

7. Gather crowd-sourced fire and trail information from reliable websites and forums.

8. Carry an N95 mask in case of smoke.

9. Watch the sky for smoke, and use your nose to detect it.

[hannahhook7744]

Invisible truth timeline;

94 years ago= Pedro Madrigal was born.

93 years ago= Alma Botero was born.

91 years ago= Catalina Botero was born.

89 years ago= Alejandra Botero-Yee and Raimi Emmanuel Botero were born.

74 years ago= Alejandra leaves home and eventually finds her way to the Botero siblings' original village. Where she met her future husband, Raimi.

73 years ago= Raimi finds out about Alejandra's ancestral gift and Alma meets Pedro.

71 years ago= Raimi and Alejandra marry. Not long after their first daughter, Miranda, is born.

70 years ago= Alma and Pedro marry, and Félix's parents move to town shortly after his birth.

68 years ago= Beatrice is born followed by the triplets a month later.

 The village is attacked. 

Pedro and Alejandra die. 

Raimi, his kids, and Catalina are separated from the group. 

And the Encanto is born.

67 years ago= Agustín is born outside of the Encanto in Bogotá.

63 years ago= The triplets get their gifts. Pepa meets Félix not long later.

53 years ago=  Félix  starts courting Pepa.

50 years ago= Agustín leaves home, eventually stumbling upon the Encanto where he  meets Julieta after needing to be healed by her. They start courting not long after.

48 years ago= Félix and Pepa marry.

45 years ago= Agustín and Julieta marry.

39 years ago= Isabella, Mariano, and Dolores are born inside of the Encanto while Bubo is born outside of it.

37 years ago= Luisa is born in the Encanto and Ryder Nattura is born in the Enchanted Forest. 

34 years ago= Miguel Rivera is born in Mexico. Isabella and Dolores get their gifts.

33 years ago= Camilio and Mirabel are born in the Encanto, and Mina Prepon is born in the Kuzcoian Empire. 

32 years later= Luisa gets her gift.

28 years ago= Camilio gets his gift, Mirabel doesn’t, and Bruno gets his vision and leaves.

23 years ago= Antonio is born. 

22 years ago= The isle is formed.

21 years ago= Rick Ratcliffe is born on the isle of the lost.

19 years ago= Claudine Frollo is born on the isle of the lost and Isabella meets Bubo. 

They start dating shortly before the events of Encanto. 

18 years ago= Rachel Ratcliffe is born on the isle of the lost and the events of Encanto take place.

Mirabel gets her own room and meets Miguel Rivera soon after. 

Months later, Mina and Camilio meet while the family is on vacation. 

17 years old= Isabella and Bubo end up having Miguel Jr, who is named after Miguel after Miguel helps deliver him.

 That same year Camilio and Mina start dating, and Isabella and Bubo marry. 

Catalina, Raimi, and Raimi’s two adult children end up finding the Encanto at long last shortly before the year is over. 

Dolores and Mariano start dating.

16 years ago= Zoey is born to Isabella and Bubo exactly nine months after her brother. 

Rory Ratcliffe is born on the isle of the lost three months later. 

Bruno gets a visit and surprise adopts the Ratcliffe siblings, Claudine, and the Ratcliffes three pugs and Claudine’s rats and mice. Much to the surprise of everyone.

Rick gets his gift on his fifth birthday—the day they make it back to the Encanto.

The Taxidermied animals are hung up and come to life—able to speak.Much to everyone’s horror.

15 years ago= Dolores and Mariano get married. A few months afterwards, their daughter, Princesca, is born.

Oh and Isabella discovers that she can make sentient plants and food. Much to everyone’s horror. 

Camilio and Mina end up having twins—Ameila and Sophia—and after the scolding of a lifetime, they get married. 

14 years ago= The Encanto reveal themselves, Ryder and Luisa meet, and the pair starts dating towards the end of that year.

Dolores and Mariano’s second daughter, Fuega is born shortly after.

Claudine gets her gift.

13 years ago= Rachel gets her gift.

Luisa and Ryder get married.

12 years ago= Dolores and Mariano’s daughter, Leta, is born and Miguel Jr gets his gift. 

Luisa and Ryder have Belinda.

Mina and Camilio have their third child, Hugo.

11 years ago= Zoey and Rory get their gifts. 

10 years ago= Luisa and Ryder’s last child, Silvia, is born. 

Mirabel and Moguel get married.

Princesca gets her gift.

9 years ago= Camilio and Mina’s last child, José, is born. 

Fuega gets her gift. 

7 years ago= Belinda, Hugo, and Leta get their gifts.

6 years ago= Mirabel and Miguel Sr have their first child, Vera.

5 years ago= Mirabel and Miguel Sr have their last child, Renata.

Silvia gets her gift.

4 years ago= José gets his gift.

1 year ago= Dolores and Mariano have twins—Javier and Juan. 

Vera gets her gift.

Present day= Renata gets her gift. 

The LeGume, Bimbette, and LePrince children stumble upon the Encanto.

Lefou Deux starts working at a toy store.

The Gaston twins become handymen for hire and have their friends (Harriet and their crew) over.

Claudine meets and falls for LeFou Deux ‘Lee’ LePrince.

And Rick meets and falls for Mad Maddy. 

[apenitentialprayer]

Do you know of any articles on the history of wedding ceremonies? I know marriage is ancient as are weddings. But on occasion I've read in a medieval document or story how a man & woman became husband & wife simply by declaring they were. No major ceremony or witnesses. But on the other hand, there are accounts of elaborate weddings in the Bible for example, such as Samson's wedding and the wedding at Cana. Were weddings only for the wealthy, or am I missing something here?

I don't really know if I have any articles to give you on that; I haven't done a lot (or any) in-depth study on the history of marriage as an institution.

With that said, marriage as an institution has always been a bit of a contested one. One real eye opener to me was a passage from The Limits of Racial Domination: Plebian Society in Colonial Mexico City, 1660-1720. Looking at the ecclesiastical records from this period, Cope claims that among the lower-class, mixed race population of the city, over 50% of births occurred to women who were not married in a way recognized by the Church, a rate which "suggest[s] the prevalence of such nonmarital unions" (p. 68).

From what little I have read, it seems that the records we have from the early modern period indicate that common-law marriages remained fairly common even as the Church started emphasizing the need for formal marriages more and more starting from about the 13th century onward.

But maybe someone who actually knows what they're talking about would like to add more.

[menalez]

more like audre was out as a lesbian in the 50s in at least america and mexico and then married a man for 6 years and had two kids with him from 62-68. and they were both having extra marital affairs “openly” so not really giving return to closet vibes. out history audre lorde

oh i meant the boyfriend thing that was discussed. i tried finding more info on her marriage but couldn’t, but wasn’t her husband a gay man too? like both of them were out? i don’t personally relate to doing such a thing but it seemed like they got married solely to have kids n then got divorced 🤨

[nightsidewrestling]

M.L.B Bios: Aza de Angel / Azahar Luz Gutiérrez

M.L.B's Second Vocalist Aza de Angel (Jan 1989)

The second vocalist of the M.L.B (Mega Level Bitches), Aza, is the only Latina member of the group, and the only member of the group born in Roswell, she's also the only member born in New Mexico. She moved to Compton at 3 years old, gradually getting used to the chaos of the neighbourhood. Aza met Deja and Hutch in high school, and then met Kris and Lola when they both (separately) moved into the neighbourhood

"Ebony and Ivory. That's you and your dream boy, Krystal."

Name

Full Legal Name: Azahar Luz Gutiérrez

First Name: Azahar

Meaning: Means 'Orange Blossom' in Spanish, ultimately from Arabic 'Zahrah' meaning 'Flower'

Pronunciation: a-sa-AR

Origin: Spanish

Middle Name: Luz

Meaning: Means 'Light' in Spanish

Pronunciation: LOOS

Origin: Spanish

Surname: Gutiérrez

Meaning: Means 'Son of Gutierre' (Which is the Spanish form of 'Walter', from the Germanic name 'Waltheri' meaning 'Power of the army', from the elements 'Walt' 'Power, Authority' and 'Heri' 'Army'.)

Pronunciation: goo-TYEH-rehs

Origin: Spanish

Alias: Aza de Angel

Reason: Stage Name

Nicknames: Aza, Hara, Lu, Guti

Titles: Miss

Characteristics

Age: (As of Jan 1989) 20

Gender: Female. She/Her Pronouns

Race: Human

Nationality: American

Ethnicity: Latina (Mexican)

Birth Date: April 19th 1968

Sexuality: Straight

Religion: Catholic

Native Language: Spanish

Spoken Languages: Spanish, English

Relationship Status: Single

Astrological Sign: Aries

Voice Actor: Selena Quintanilla Pérez / Selena

Geographical Characteristics

Birthplace: Roswell, Chaves County, New Mexico, USA

Current Location: Compton, Los Angeles County, California, USA /On Tour

Hometown: Compton, Los Angeles County, California, USA

Appearance

Height: 5'9" / 175 cm

Weight: 150 lbs / 68 kg

Eye Colour: Brown

Hair Colour: Black

Hair Dye: None

Body Hair: N/A

Facial Hair: N/A

Tattoos: (As of Jan 1989) 0

Piercings: Nipple (Both), Ear Lobe (Both), Navel

Scars: None

Health and Fitness

Allergies: None

Alcoholic, Smoker, Drug User: (Underage) Social Drinker

Illnesses/Disorders: None Diagnosed

Medications: None

Any Specific Diet: None

Relationships

Friends: Deja Dickson, Dolores Park, Esther Hutchinson, Kristine Cobb, Nālani Kekoa

Colleagues: Deja Dickson, Dolores Park, Esther Hutchinson, Kristine Cobb, Nālani Kekoa, Amber Gray, Tiffany Peterson, Tara Torres, Jamie Ward

'Rivals': Andre Young, Antoine Carraby, Eric Wright, Lorenzo Patterson, O'Shea Jackson

Closest Confidant: Nayeli Gutiérrez

Mentor: Valente Gutiérrez

Significant Other: None

Previous Partners: None of Note

Parents: Valente Gutiérrez (40, Father), Nayeli Gutiérrez (40, Mother, Née Velázquez)

Parents-In-Law: None

Siblings: Gilberta Gutiérrez (15, Sister), Lucero Gutiérrez (10, Sister)

Siblings-In-Law: None

Nieces & Nephews: None

Children: None

Children-In-Law: None

Grandkids: None

Great Grandkids: None

Music Career

Debut: 1988

Retired: N/A

Genre: Rap / Hip-Hop

(Fictional) Records, Albums & Singles: 'Mega Level = Major Label' (Album, October 1988), Untitled Work in Progress (Due To Be Released Late 1989)

Songs (Record/Album/Single - Song Title - Track Length): 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Fighting Words' - 2:52 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'In My Feelings' - 2:24 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Twins' - 3:32 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Strong Female Leader' - 3:05 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Use Your Voice' - 3:58 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Booty' - 3:22 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Silence, Please' - 2:27 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Go Away (Come Back)' - 3:18 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Broken Dreams' - 4:20 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Touching You' - 3:20 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'No Other' - 3:48 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'My Man' - 2:50 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Mind Melting' - 3:28 'Mega Level = Major Label' - 'Go My Way' - 3:32

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Canadian Rockies While orbiting over western Montana, an astronaut aboard the International Space Station captured this photograph of the northern Rocky Mountains, also known as the Canadian Rockies. Sprawling approximately 4,800 kilometers (3,000 miles) long and nearly 650 kilometers (400 miles) wide at certain points, the Rockies are North America’s largest mountain range. The Rocky Mountains extend from British Columbia, Canada, southeast toward New Mexico, in the United States. At least 100 separate ranges comprise the Rockies, and they are separated into four geologic subdivisions: the Canadian and Northern Rockies, Middle Rockies, the Southern Rockies, and the Colorado Plateau. This image features the greater portion of the Canadian Rockies, which extends through northern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta. While there are approximately 50 peaks in the Canadian Rockies surpassing 3,350 meters (11,000 feet) in elevation, Mount Robson—in the center of the photo—is the highest peak at about 3,950 meters (12,970 feet) tall. Jasper National Park, in Alberta, encompasses around 11,214 square kilometers (4,330 square miles) of mountainous terrain, glaciers, forests, and alpine landscapes. The park was established in 1907 and is one of several contiguous parks in the Canadian Rockies that have been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park also supports a vast diversity of wildlife. There are 53 different types of mammals found in the park including bears (both black and grizzly), wolves, elk, and cougars. Part of the Coast Mountains, a major range along the Pacific coastline of British Columbia and Alaska, is visible in the upper-left part of the image. Glaciers carved out numerous valleys along the 1,600-kilometer (990-mile) long range, including several fjords along British Columbia’s Pacific coast. Astronaut photograph ISS068-E-31571 was acquired on December 21, 2022, with a Nikon D5 digital camera using a focal length of 50 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 68 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by Minna Adel Rubio, GeoControl Systems, JETS Contract at NASA-JSC.

[sageglobalresponse]

Full list of Forbes’ 25 world billionaires in 2023

American business magazine, Forbes, in its 2023 list of 25 richest people in the world, featured Bernard Arnault on the No. 1 spot, followed by Twitter Chief Executive Officer, Elon Musk.

In its previous list in 2022, Musk was on the No. 1 spot.

Forbes described the drop of Musk from the top spot as ” this year’s second-biggest loser”, adding that “Elon Musk, had it worse.”

For Jeff Bezos, fortune knocked him from number. 2 in the world in 2022 to No. 3 this year as Amazon shares crashed by 38 per cent.

So This Happened (202) Reviews Lagos Bizman’s Arraignment Over Wife’s Death, Others | Punch

Musk lost his title of the world’s richest person after his pricey purchase of Twitter, which he funded in part by the sale of Tesla shares, helping to spook investors. Musk, who is worth $39 billion less than a year ago, is now No. 2.

For Jeff Bezos, fortune knocked him from number. 2 in the world in 2022 to No. 3 this year as Amazon shares crashed by 38 per cent.

Also, among the top 25, two billionaires — Zhang Yiming, Changpeng Zhao lost their spots and were unable to make it on the list for this year.

Yiming, the founder of Tik Tok-parent Bytedance, dropped one place, from No. 25 to No. 26, as his embattled company has taken a haircut from investors while Zhao, Binance founder, known as CZ, fell from No. 19 last year all the way to No. 167 amid the crypto winter.

Below are the list of Forbes 25 richest people in the world in 2023 with their net worth

1. Bernard Arnault & family

(Net worth: $211 Billion | Source of Wealth: LVMH | Age: 74 | Citizenship: France)

2. Elon Musk

(Net worth: $180 Billion | Source of Wealth: Tesla, SpaceX | Age: 51 | Citizenship: U.S.)

3. Jeff Bezos

(Net worth: $114 Billion | Source of Wealth: Amazon | Age: 59 | Citizenship: U.S.)

4. Larry Ellison

(Net worth: $107 Billion | Source of Wealth: Oracle | Age: 78 | Citizenship: U.S.)

5. Warren Buffett

(Net worth: $106 Billion | Source of Wealth: Berkshire Hathaway | Age: 92 | Citizenship: U.S.)

6. Bill Gates

(Net worth: $104 Billion | Source of Wealth: Microsoft | Age: 67 | Citizenship: U.S.)

7. Michael Bloomberg

(Net worth: $94.5 Billion | Source of Wealth: Bloomberg LP | Age:81

8. Carlos Slim Helú & family

(Net worth: $93 Billion | Source of Wealth: Telecom | Age: 83 | Citizenship: Mexico)

9. Mukesh Ambani

(Net worth: $83.4 Billion | Source of Wealth: Diversified| Age: 65 | Citizenship: India)

10. Steve Ballmer

(Net worth: $80.7 Billion | Source of Wealth: Microsoft | Age: 67 | Citizenship: U.S.)

11. Françoise Bettencourt Meyers & family

(Net worth: $80.5 Billion | Source of Wealth: L’Oréal | Age: 69 | Citizenship: France)

12. Larry Page

(Net worth: $79.2 Billion | Source of Wealth: Google | Age: 50 | Citizenship: U.S.)

13. Amancio Ortega

(Net worth: $77.3 Billion | Source of Wealth: Zara | Age: 87 | Citizenship: Spain)

14. Sergey Brin

(Net worth: $76 Billion | Source of Wealth: Google | Age: 49 | Citizenship: U.S.)

15. Zhong Shanshan

(Net worth: $68 Billion | Source of Wealth: Beverages, pharmaceuticals | Age: 68 | Citizenship: China)

16. Mark Zuckerberg

(Net worth: $64.4 Billion | Source of Wealth: Facebook | Age: 38 | Citizenship: U.S.)

17. Charles Koch

(Net worth: $59 Billion | Source of Wealth: Koch Industries | Age: 87 | Citizenship: U.S.)

18. Julia Koch & family

(Net worth: $59 Billion | Source of Wealth: Koch Industries | Age: 60 | Citizenship: U.S.)

19. Jim Walton

(Net worth: $58.8 Billion | Source of Wealth: Walmart | Age: 74 | Citizenship: U.S.)

20. Rob Walton

(Net worth: $57.6 Billion | Source of Wealth: Walmart | Age: 78 | Citizenship: U.S.)

21. Alice Walton

(Net worth: $56.7 Billion | Source of Wealth: Walmart | Age: 73 | Citizenship: U.S.)

22. David Thomson & family

(Net worth: $54.4 Billion | Source of Wealth: Media | Age: 65 | Citizenship: Canada)

23. Michael Dell

(Net worth: $50.1 Billion | Source of Wealth: Dell Technologies | Age: 58 | Citizenship: U.S.)

24. Gautam Adani

(Net worth: $47.2 Billion | Source of Wealth: Infrastructure, commodities | Age: 60 | Citizenship: India)

25. Phil Knight & family

(Net worth: $45.1 Billion | Source of Wealth: Nike | Age: 85 | Citizenship: U.S.)

[brookston]

Holidays 12.16

Holidays

Barbie and Barney Backlash Day

Beethoven Day

Boston Tea Party Day

Day of Reconciliation (f.k.a. Day of the Vow; South African Afrikaners)

Los Posadas begins (a.k.a. Posadas Navidenas; Mexico, Latin America)

Man Will Never Fly Memorial Society Day

National Sports Day (Thailand)

One Day At A Time Day

O Sapientia (Anglicanism)

Peter Rabbit Day

Pokemon Incident Day

Posadas Navidenas begins (Mexico)

Reconciliation Day (South Africa)

Simbang Gabi begins (Philippines)

Sophia (a.k.a. Sapinetia; Celtic Goddess of Wisdom)

Stupid Toy Day

Three-Tier System Day

Victory Day (a.k.a. Bijoy Dibosh; Bangladesh)

Victory Day (a.k.a. Vijay Diwas; India)

Wan Kila Haeng Chat (National Sports Day; Thailand)

Yuletide Lad #5 arrives (Pottasleikir or Pot-Licker; Iceland)

Food & Drink Celebrations

Eat What You Want Day

National Chocolate Covered Anything Day

St. Klippenstein's Day (Allagash) [Varies]

3rd Friday in December

National Ugly Christmas Sweater Day [3rd Friday]

Underdog Day [3rd Friday]

Independence Days

Bahrain (from UK, 1971; cerebration day only)

Kazakhstan (from USSR, 1991)

Feast Days

Ado, Archbishop of Vienne (Christian; Saint)

Adelaide of Italy (Christian; Saint)

Alice, Empress of Germany (Christian; Saint)

Beethoven Day (Pastafarian)

Crispin Glover Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Festival of Sapientia (Ancient Roman personification of wisdom & knowledge)

Festival of the Little Heat (Celebrating Bes, Ancient Egyptian Protector of the Home)

Haggai (Christian; Saint)

Martin the Turkey (Muppetism)

Newton (Positivist; Saint)

Philip K. Dick Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Ralph Adams Cram, Richard Upjohn and John La Farge (Episcopal Church USA)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Lucky Day (Philippines) [68 of 71]

Perilous Day (13th Century England) [31 of 32]

Sakimake (先負 Japan) [Bad luck in the morning, good luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres

Avatar: The Way of Water (Film; 2022)

Battle of the Bulge (Film; 1965)

Hello, Dolly! (Film; 1969)

Hey Joe, by Jimi Hendrix (Song; 1966)

La La Land (Film; 2016)

The Magicians 9TV Series; 2015)

Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol (Film; 2011)

The OA (TV Series; 2016)

Playtime (Jacques Tati French Film’ 1967)

The Producers (Musical Film; 2005)

Rain Man (Film; 1988)

Rogue One (Film; 2016)

Symphony No. 9 in E minor, "New World Symphony," by Antonín Dvořák (Symphony; 1893)

The Tale of Peter Rabbit (Children’s Book; 1901)

200 Motels, by Frank Zappa (Music Film; 1971)

Unplugged, by Nirvana, airs on MTV (TV Concert; 1993)

Today’s Name Days

Adelheid, Elke, Heidi (Austria)

Adela, Hagaj, Sebastijan (Croatia)

Albína (Czech Republic)

Lazarus (Denmark)

Aade, Aale, Adeele, Adelheid, Aliide, Ethel, Haide, Liide, Teele (Estonia)

Aada, Adele, Auli, Aulikki (Finland)

Alice (France)

Adelheid, Elke, Heidi (Germany)

Modestos, Theofano (Greece)

Aletta, Etelka (Hungary)

Albina (Italy)

Alvīne (Latvia)

Albina, Alina, Audronė, Vygaudas (Lithuania)

Oddbjørg, Oddbjørn (Norway)

Adelajda, Ado, Albina, Alina, Ananiasz, Bean, Zdzisława (Poland)

Agheu (Romania)

Albína (Slovakia)

Adela, Adelaida (Spain)

Assar (Sweden)

Addie, Addy, Adela, Adelaide, Adele, Adeline, Adella, Adelle, Alena, Alina, Aline, Della (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 350 of 2022; 15 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 5 of week 50 of 2022

Celtic Tree Calendar: Ruis (Elder) [Day 21 of 28]

Chinese: Month 11 (Dōngyuè), Day 23 (GUI-Mao)

Chinese Year of the: Tiger (until January 22, 2023)

Hebrew: 22 Kislev 5783

Islamic: 22 Jumada I 1444

J Cal: 20 Zima; Sixday [20 of 30]

Julian: 3 December 2022

Moon: 50%: 3rd Quarter

Positivist: 14 Bichat (12th Month) [Newton]

Runic Half Month: Jara (Year) [Day 7 of 15]

Season: Autumn (Day 85 of 90)

Zodiac: Sagittarius (Day 24 of 30)

[sciencespies]

Study links protecting Indigenous peoples' lands to greater nonhuman primate biodiversity

https://sciencespies.com/nature/study-links-protecting-indigenous-peoples-lands-to-greater-nonhuman-primate-biodiversity/

Study links protecting Indigenous peoples' lands to greater nonhuman primate biodiversity

By comparing geographic patterns of nonhuman primate biodiversity and human land-use, researchers discovered that areas managed or controlled by Indigenous peoples tend to have significantly more primate biodiversity than nearby regions. They also found that lorises, tarsiers, monkeys and apes whose territories overlap with Indigenous areas are less likely to be classified as vulnerable, threatened or endangered than those living fully outside Indigenous lands.

The findings are reported in the journal Science Advances.

“There is an impending extinction crisis among the world’s 521 primate species,” said Paul A. Garber, a professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign who led the research with Alejandro Estrada, a professor in the Institute of Biology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. “We know that 68% of these species are vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered and many of them may not survive to the end of the century. Worldwide, 93% of primate populations are declining.”

Understanding the conditions that allow primate populations to survive and even thrive is critical to preventing their extinction and preserving their special contributions to healthy forest ecosystems, Garber said.

“Most primates exploit forests, where they serve as agents of pollination and seed dispersal,” he said. “They’re involved in important predator-prey relationships. They consume insects and small vertebrates. They play a very important role in the regeneration of forests.”

Because they are relatively large-bodied animals with a slow reproductive rate and a late age of first reproduction, primates also are “one of the first indicator species if there’s some perturbation or dramatic change in the environment,” he said.

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For the study, the researchers reviewed scientific reports of Indigenous peoples and primate biodiversity, and conducted a spatial analysis “to assess the significance of Indigenous peoples’ lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity,” the authors wrote. “We found that Indigenous peoples’ lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations.”

The pattern held true even when comparing Indigenous lands to regions with roughly the same human population density immediately outside these Indigenous territories, and 10, 25 and 50 kilometers from their borders.

“The results were that the human footprint — a measure of infrastructure development and habitat conversion — was significantly greater immediately outside Indigenous peoples’ lands than inside,” Garber said.

Most Indigenous groups whose territories overlap with those of nonhuman primates have an ancient association with their lands and these animals, and many — though not all — have developed cultural practices and norms that aid in preserving primate populations and ecosystem health, Garber said.

“There are many different Indigenous peoples, and they exploit their environments in different and multifaceted ways,” he said. “While many groups hunt primates, they also hunt pigs, ungulates, rodents, birds and fish. They gather forest resources including medicinal plants. They have gardens, employ methods of shifting cultivation and engage in herding.”

This reduces their reliance on primates as a primary food source.

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Many Indigenous groups also engage in practices that preserve primate habitat and reproductive capacity, he said. Some hunt only within a 10- or 15-kilometer radius of their villages and consider more distant lands sacred landscapes. This allows primates further away to increase their numbers and move into areas closer to the villages as those zones experience population declines as a result of hunting.

“In addition, Indigenous groups have various prohibitions based on their knowledge, culture or religion,” Garber said. “We cite several cases, for example, where a species of primate may only be hunted for a particular festival. Or a particular primate species is not hunted when fruit is overabundant in the forest, allowing those populations to get into reproductive condition and produce offspring.”

There are exceptions to the close association between Indigenous peoples’ lands and primate biodiversity, Garber said. But most exceptions appear to be the result of colonial practices in recent centuries. For example, in east Africa, large swaths of traditional Indigenous lands were taken away from Indigenous communities and preserved as national parks, where primate biodiversity remains higher than in the cattle-grazing areas that many Indigenous peoples continue to inhabit.

In Madagascar, a country that hosts more than 100 primate species, no groups meet internationally accepted definitions of Indigenous peoples, and none identify as Indigenous, the researchers report. A former French colony, Madagascar has lost about 90% of its original forest. Roughly 96% of its primate species, all of which are lemurs, are listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as threatened (vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered).

The study is correlational and therefore does not provide direct evidence that Indigenous practices account for the higher diversity of primate species on those lands. But it strongly suggests that “safeguarding Indigenous peoples’ lands, languages and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the world’s primates,” the authors wrote.

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia supported this research.

#Nature

[nationsoftheworldtournament]

Nations Of The World Retro: 1914

Round One Matches

1. Colombia vs British Honduras

2. Nicaragua vs South Orkney Islands

3. Amoy vs Togoland

4. Italian Somaliland vs Luxembourg

5. Chongqing vs French Indochina

6. Emirate of Afghanistan vs Persia

7. Uruguay vs South Shetland Islands

8. Khiva vs Union Islands

9. Federated Malay Islands vs Réunion

10. Bahama Islands vs New Zealand

11. Ottoman Empire vs Spain

12. Suzhou vs Monaco

13. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland vs Straits Settlements

14. Kingdom of Italy vs French Madagascar

15. Portuguese East Africa vs Panama Canal Territory

16. Saint Barthélemy vs Netherlands

17. Guernsey vs Alaska

18. Bechuanaland vs Barbados

19. Ethiopia vs Curaçao and Dependencies

20. Midway Atoll vs Brunei

21. Saint Martin vs German East Africa

22. Amoy vs Sverdrup Islands

23. Sulu vs Northern Rhodesia

24. Serbia vs Panama

25. German Kiautschou vs Norway

26. British Guiana vs Sikkim

27. Falkland Islands vs Argentina

28. Ha'il vs Mexico

29. French Guiana vs British East Africa

30. Switzerland vs Seychelles

31. Italian Tripolitania vs Quita Sueño Bank

32. Italian Cyrenaica vs American Samoa

33. North Borneo vs Portuguese Guinea

34. Portuguese India vs British Jamaica

35. Portuguese Sao Tomé and Principe vs Kwantung

36. Jiujiang vs Zanzibar

37. Karafuto vs Costa Rica

38. France vs Hawaii

39. Jarvis Island vs British Winward Islands

40. Terengganu vs Surinam

41. British Trinidad and Tobago vs Belgium

42. Newfoundland vs Ubangi-Shari

43. Palmyra Atoll vs Romania

44. Fernando Poo vs Portuguese Macau

45. Sierra Leone vs Wallis and Futuna

46. British Mauritius vs French Tunisia

47. India vs Spanish Sahara

48. Tristan da Cunha vs Navassa Island

49. Siam vs Tientsin

50. Guadaloupe vs Bulgaria 51. Wake Island vs Maldive Islands

52. Johor vs Isla de la Pasión

53. Sarawak vs French Morocco

54. Norfolk Island vs Hankou

55. Swan Islands vs German Empire

56. Johnston Atoll vs Saint Pierre and Miquelon

57. Egypt vs Baker Island

58. Trucial States vs Paraguay

59. Hangzhou vs Isle of Man

60. Victoria Land vs Emirate of Nejd and Hasa

61. French Oceania vs French India

62. Territory of New Guinea vs Mbundaland 63. Spanish North Africa vs Nigeria

64. Uganda vs Phillipine Islands

65. Basutoland vs Tibet

66. Elobey, Annobón, and Corsico vs Nepal

67. San Marino vs Andorra

68. Kongo vs Howland Island

69. Canada vs Muscat and Oman

70. Martinique vs Rhodesia

71. Bolivia vs Russian Empire

72. Ascension Island vs Dutch East Indies

73. China vs Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá

74. Graham Land vs Serranilla Bank

75. French Equatorial Guinea vs Liechtenstein 76. Portuguese West Africa vs Australia

77. Kingdom of Montenegro vs Weihai

78. Honduras vs Papua

79. Perlis vs Haiti

80. Bhutan vs Iceland

81. Middlebrook Island vs Greenland

82. Guam vs Setul Mambang Segara

83. Denmark vs Bahrain

84. Serrana Bank vs Gold Coast

85. Italian Eritrea vs Taiwan

86. French West Africa vs British Hong Kong 87. Gibraltar vs French Algeria

88. United States vs Bermuda

89. Puerto Rico vs Finland

90. Kamerun vs Kelantan

91. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan vs French Somaliland

92. Shanghai vs Suez Canal Zone

93. Shasi vs Sultanate of Aussa

94. Bouvet Island vs Empire of Japan

95. Portuguese Cape Verde vs Zhenjiang

96. Spanish Morocco vs Kingman Reef

97. Venezuela vs Principality of Albania

98. Aden vs Portugal

99. Darfur vs German Samoa

100. Belgian Congo vs Malta

101. Heard Island and McDonald Islands vs Ecuador

102. Swaziland vs Kuwait

103. Bukhara vs Gambia

104. Cuba vs Corn Islands

105. British Somaliland vs German South-West Africa

106. Kedah vs Portuguese Timor

107. Liberia vs New Caledonia

108. Danish West Indies vs Peru

109. Northern Nigeria vs Saint Helena

110. South Africa vs Bajo Nuevo Bank

111. British Leeward Islands vs Roncador Bank 112. Sweden vs British Western Pacific Territories

113. Kingdom of Greece vs Mongolia

114. Brazil vs Chile

115. Austria-Hungary vs British Hong Kong

116. Uryankhay vs Rio Muni vs British Cyprus

[goalhofer]

2024 Seattle Mariners Roster

Pitchers

#22 Bryan Woo (Alameda, California)

#30 Austin Voth (Covington, Washington)*

#36 Logan Gilbert (Apopka, Florida)

#41 Eduard Bazardo (Maracay, Venezuela)

#45 Ryne Stanek (Johnson County, Kansas)*

#46 Trent Thornton (Charlotte, North Carolina)

#48 Gregory Santos (San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic)

#50 Bryce Miller (New Braunfels, Texas)

#52 Collin Snider (Nashville, Tennessee)*

#55 Gabe Speier (Goleta, California)

#58 Luis Castillo (Baní, Dominican Republic)

#60 Tayler Saucedo (Maple Valley, Washington)

#62 Emerson Hancock (Cairo, Georgia)

#67 Carl Bolton (Tracy, California)*

#68 George Kirby (Rye, New York)

#75 Andrés Muñoz (Los Mochis, Mexico)

Catchers

#18 Mitch Garver (Albuquerque, New Mexico)*

#29 Cal Raleigh (Sylva, North Carolina)

#33 Bernardo Zavala (La Puente, California)

Infielders

#0 Sam Haggerty (Denver, Colorado)

#3 J.P. Crawford (Lakewood, California)

#4 Josh Rojas (Goodyear, Arizona)

#7 Jorge Polanco (San Pedro De Macorís, Dominican Republic)*

#12 Samad Taylor (Corona, California)*

#16 Luis Urías (Magdalena De Kino, Mexico)*

#20 Luke Raley (Hinckley Township, Ohio)*

#23 Ty France (West Covina, California)

Outfielders

#8 Dominic Canzone (Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio)

#17 Mitch Haniger (San José, California)

#25 Dylan Moore (Placentia, California)

#44 Julio Rodríguez (Loma De Cabrera, Dominican Republic)

Coaches

Manager Scott Servais (Coon, Wisconsin)

Bench coach Brant Brown (Porterville, California)

Hitting coach Jarret DeHart (Medford Township, New Jersey)

Assistant hitting coach Tommy Joseph (Scottsdale, Arizona)

Pitching coach Pete Woodworth (St. Petersburg, Florida)

Assistant pitching coach Danny Farquhar (Southwest Ranches, FL)

Batting practice pitcher Nasusel Cabrera (San Cristóbal, Dom Rep)

Bullpen coach Tony Arnerich (Santa Rosa, California)

Bullpen catcher Fleming Báez (Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic)

Bullpen catcher Justin Novak (Charlottesville, Virginia)

1B coach Kristopher Negrón (Fairfield, California)

3B coach Manny Acta (San Pedro De Macorís, Dominican Republic)

Infield coach Perry Hill (Salina, Kansas)

Field coordinator Carson Vitale (Victoria, British Columbia)

Assistant coach Trent Blank (Columbia, Illinois)