#princess Beatrice of Great Britain and Ireland | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

sounmashnews · 2 years

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[ad_1] CNN — Here’s a take a look at the lifetime of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and different Commonwealth realms. Birth date: April 21, 1926 Birth place: London, England Birth title: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Father: King George VI Mother: Queen Elizabeth Marriage: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (November 20, 1947-April 09, 2021, his death) Children: Edward, Earl of Wessex (March 10, 1964); Andrew, Duke of York (February 19, 1960); Anne, Princess Royal (August 15, 1950); Charles, Prince of Wales (November 14, 1948) Grandchildren: By Prince Charles and Princess Diana: Prince William and Prince Henry (known as Harry); By Princess Anne and Mark Phillips: Peter Phillips and Zara Phillips; By Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson: Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie; By Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones: Lady Louise Windsor and James Windsor, Viscount Severn Great-Grandchildren: By Zara Phillips Tindall: Mia Grace, Lena Elizabeth and Lucas Philip; By Prince William: George Alexander Louis, Charlotte Elizabeth Diana and Louis Arthur Charles; By Peter Phillips: Savannah and Isla; By Prince Harry: Archie Harrison and Lilibet ‘Lili’ Diana Mountbatten-Windsor; By Princess Eugenie: August Philip Hawke Brooksbank; by Princess Beatrice: Sienna Elizabeth Mapelli Mozzi. She is known as after her mom Queen Elizabeth, her paternal great-grandmother Queen Alexandra and her paternal grandmother Queen Mary. She was not declared the inheritor obvious when her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated due to the potential of a male inheritor. When World War II started, she was a Girl Guide (British Girl Scouts) and went by means of the identical coaching as the opposite Girl Guides her age. Official title after March 26, 1953: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her different Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. She is the sixth feminine to ascend to the British throne and the longest-reigning monarch. In September 2015, she surpassed the file set by her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria, who dominated for 63 years, seven months. May 29, 1926 - Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, third in line to the throne, is christened. She is the primary royal youngster to be christened within the chapel at Buckingham Palace and wears a robe made from lace worn by Queen Elizabeth I. December 11, 1936 - Elizabeth turns into inheritor presumptive when her father turns into King George VI, after the abdication of his brother King Edward VIII. May 12, 1937 - Elizabeth attends the coronation of her mother and father, King George VI and Queen Consort Elizabeth. She is the primary feminine inheritor presumptive to see her mother and father topped. 1939 - World War II breaks out. Elizabeth strikes, together with her sister, to the Royal Lodge at Windsor Castle. This is considered the time interval when Elizabeth meets Prince Philip of Greece. 1942 - King George VI makes Elizabeth an honorary colonel within the Grenadier Guards, a regiment of the British Army. April 21, 1942 - Elizabeth makes her official public debut with a overview of 500 members of the Grenadier Guards at Windsor Palace. 1944 - Elizabeth is made a member of the Privy Council and the Council of State. She is now capable of act for the king throughout his absence from the nation. July 10, 1947 - King George VI and Queen Elizabeth announce Elizabeth’s engagement to Prince Philip of Greece, a lieutenant within the British Navy. November 20, 1947 - Princess Elizabeth marries Philip.

After changing into a British citizen and renouncing his Greek title, Philip turns into His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Elizabeth turns into the Duchess of Edinburgh. February 6, 1952 - King George VI dies of lung most cancers, and Elizabeth ascends to the throne. April 11, 1952 - The Queen decrees that she and her descendants will proceed to make use of the surname Windsor, first adopted by the British royal household throughout World War I. June 2, 1953 - Coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey. October 16-22, 1957 - Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip make their first state go to to the United States, and he or she addresses the General Assembly of the United Nations. May 14, 1965 - Queen Elizabeth II dedicates a memorial and one acre of land at Runnymede to the United States as a memorial to President John F. Kennedy. June 13, 1981 - A teen, Marcus Simon Sarjeant, fires six blanks on the Queen whereas she is using on horseback by means of London. He is arrested and charged with treason. July 9, 1982 - A person will get previous safety at Buckingham Palace and encounters the Queen in her bed room. May 16, 1991 - The Queen addresses a joint session of the US Congress, the primary British monarch to take action. November 24, 1992 - At a luncheon commemorating her fortieth anniversary on the throne, the Queen declares 1992 as an “Annus Horribilis.” That yr marked the separation of the Duke and Duchess of York, the divorce of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips, the growing estrangement of the Prince and Princess of Wales, and a hearth at Windsor Castle. November 26, 1992 - Prime Minister John Major pronounces that the Queen will start paying taxes on her private revenue. Her private fortune is estimated to be $11.7 billion. April 1993 - Taxation of the Queen and Prince Charles goes into impact with the availability that they might “opt-out” of the settlement at any time after April 1994. August 1993 - Buckingham Palace is opened to the general public for the primary time. Money raised from the excursions is to assist pay for the restoration of Windsor Castle. December 1995 - After heavy media protection of the estrangement and affairs of Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales, the Queen urges them to divorce. 1997 - Addresses the nation by way of reside tv to specific grief over the loss of life of Princess Diana. 1998 - Endorses a plan to finish gender discrimination within the line of succession for the throne. 2002 - The Queen celebrates her Golden Jubilee, or fiftieth anniversary, on the throne. December 2006 - The Queen points her annual Christmas broadcast reside for the primary time since 1960. May 3-8, 2007 - The Queen and Prince Philip go to the United States for the four-hundredth anniversary of America’s first settlement by a British firm in Jamestown in 1607. They attend the Kentucky Derby on May 5 and a State Dinner on the White House on May 7. April 2, 2009 - Meets Michelle Obama at Buckingham Palace and the women are photographed with their arms round each other. This causes numerous media consideration as touching the queen just isn't a typical incidence. July 6, 2010 - Addresses the General Assembly of the United Nations for the second time. April 21, 2011 - On the Queen’s eighty fifth birthday, the palace releases the Queen’s official consent, the Instrument of Consent, to the marriage of Prince William and Kate Middleton. By regulation, the Royal Marriages Act of 1772, the monarch should consent to most royal marriages. May 17, 2011 - Makes the primary state go to to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch. February 6-June 5, 2012 - Celebrations happen

all through the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth for the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee, or sixtieth anniversary, on the throne. Festivities embody a 1,000-boat flotilla alongside the River Thames and a live performance at Buckingham Palace. November 20, 2012 - The Queen and Prince Philip have fun their sixty fifth marriage ceremony anniversary. December 18, 2012 - Queen Elizabeth II attends a cupboard assembly at 10 Downing St, marking the top of the celebration of her Diamond Jubilee. It is the primary time a British monarch has attended a cupboard assembly in additional than 100 years. March 3-4, 2013 - Is admitted to King Edward VII’s Hospital after experiencing signs of gastroenteritis. She is launched the next day. June 2, 2013 - Services at Westminster Abbey mark the 60th anniversary of the Queen’s coronation. June 20, 2013 - The Royal Ascot signature race is received by Estimate, the Queen’s horse. The Gold Cup win makes the Queen the primary reigning British monarch to win Ascot’s greatest race. April 8, 2014 - The Queen hosts a state dinner for Ireland’s president Michael D. Higgins and his spouse Sabina. Also in attendance are actors Daniel Day-Lewis and Dame Judi Dench. Martin McGuinness, former IRA commander and present Northern Ireland’s Deputy First Minister, additionally attends. November 26, 2014 - The Queen is honored with the inaugural lifetime achievement award from the world governing body of horse sport, the International Equestrian Federation (FEI). March 2, 2015 - The Royal Mint reveals a newly designed portrait of the Queen that will likely be used on cash within the United Kingdom. The new royal coinage will make 2015 a classic yr. June 24-26, 2015 - The Queen visits Germany, assembly with Chancellor Angela Merkel and stressing the significance of unity in Europe throughout a speech. The Queen says, “We know that division in Europe is dangerous and that we must guard against it in the west, as well as in the east of our continent. That remains a common endeavor.” On her final day in Germany, the Queen visits the location of the Bergen-Belsen focus camp and meets with Holocaust survivors, in addition to WWII veterans who helped liberate the camp. July 18, 2015 - The Sun newspaper in Britain stirs up controversy, publishing a 1933 picture of the Queen as a baby apparently elevating her hand in a Nazi salute. The image is a display seize from a non-public dwelling film that was shot when the Queen was about 6 years previous and it depicts her taking part in together with her siblings. A supply near the royal household tells CNN, “Most people will see these pictures in their proper context and time. This is a family playing and momentarily referencing a gesture many would have seen from contemporary news reels.” September 9, 2015 - Becomes the longest reigning monarch in British historical past. March 9, 2016 - In gentle of a Buckingham Palace grievance to the Independent Press Standards Organization over a front-page article in The Sun headlined, “Queen backs Brexit,” the palace points an announcement insisting the Queen is impartial on whether or not the UK ought to vote to go away the European Union – a improvement broadly referred to within the press as “Brexit,” or “British exit.” March 2, 2018 - Documents are launched confirming and describing an assassination attempt on the Queen by a New Zealand teenager in 1981. April 15, 2018 - Loses the last descendant of her original corgi when 14-year-old Willow is put down following a battle with cancer, based on UK media stories. While the Queen nonetheless reportedly owns a number of different canines, Willow was the one remaining descendant of Susan, the unique corgi given to then-Princess Elizabeth on her 18th birthday in 1944. January 24, 2019 - In a speech to

Sandringham’s Women’s Institute, the Queen requires respecting of different view factors and searching for frequent floor. She states, “As we look for new answers in the modern age, I for one prefer the tried and tested recipes, like speaking well of each other and respecting different points of view; coming together to seek out the common ground; and never losing sight of the bigger picture.” Her comments are seen as a message to lawmakers amid Brexit divisions. January 18, 2020 - Buckingham Palace announces that Harry and Meghan, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, are no longer working members of the royal family. As a part of the settlement, the couple will likely be required to step again from their royal duties, together with army appointments, and not characterize the Queen. The couple will even repay the Sovereign Grant funds they not too long ago spent to renovate their official residence at Frogmore Cottage – £2.4 million (about $3 million) of British taxpayers’ cash. April 5, 2020 - Makes a uncommon nationwide deal with to the nation in a pre-recorded video calling for unity amid the coronavirus pandemic. “This time we join with all nations across the globe in a common endeavor, using the great advances of science and our instinctive compassion to heal.” October 21, 2021 - According to a Buckingham palace spokesperson, the Queen spent the night at a hospital and underwent “preliminary investigations.” She is in “good spirits” and resting at Windsor Castle. February 6, 2022 - Queen Elizabeth II turns into the primary British Monarch to reign for 70 years, extending her file because the longest-reigning monarch in British historical past. Platinum Jubilee celebrations will happen all year long. February 20, 2022 - Buckingham Palace announces Queen Elizabeth II has tested positive for coronavirus, and is experiencing gentle cold-like signs. UK media have reported that the Queen is absolutely vaccinated. March 29, 2022 - Makes her first public appearance in five months when she joins the royal family and different dignitaries at a memorial service in honor of her husband Prince Philip. June 2-5, 2022 - The “Platinum Jubilee Weekend,” celebrating the queen’s 70 yr reign, options quite a lot of public occasions and neighborhood actions, together with a birthday parade, often known as “Trooping the Colour,” a service at St. Paul’s Cathedral, a horse race, and nationwide avenue events. The Platinum Jubilee Pageant closes out the four-day-long celebration. Queen Elizabeth does not attend the church service, after experiencing “discomfort” throughout the opening day parade. Current line of succession: 1. The Prince of Wales, Prince Charles, son of Queen Elizabeth II (1948) 2. The Duke of Cambridge, Prince William, son of Prince Charles (1982) 3. Prince George of Cambridge, son of Prince William (2013) 4. Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, daughter of Prince William (2015) 5. Prince Louis of Cambridge, son of Prince William (2018) 6. The Duke of Sussex, Prince Harry, son of Prince Charles (1984) 7. Archie Mountbatten-Windsor, son of Prince Harry (2019) 8. Miss Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor, daughter of Prince Harry (2021) 9. The Duke of York, son of Queen Elizabeth II (1960) 10. Princess Beatrice of York, daughter of Prince Andrew (1988) [ad_2] Source link

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internationalroyals · 2 years

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Victoria I (Queen of UK of Great Britain and Ireland) (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901)

Daughter of Prince Edward (Duke of Kent and Strathearn) and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Wife of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Mother of Victoria (Princess Royal), Edward VII, Princess Alice, Prince Alfed (Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), Princess Louise, Princess Helena, Prince Arthur (Duke of Connaught and Strathearn), Prince Leopold (Duke of Albany), and Princess Beatrice.

Grandmother of Wilhelmina II (King of Germany and Prussia), Princess Charlotte of Prussia, Prince Henry of Prussia, Prince Sigismund of Prussia, Princess Viktoria of Prussia, Prince Waldemar of Prussia, Princess Sophia of Prussia, Princess Margaret of Prussia, Prince Albert Victor (Duke of Clarence and Avondale), George V, Louise (Princess Royal), Princess Victoria, Princess Maud of Wales, Prince Alexander John of Wales, Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, Elizabeth Feodorovna (Grand Duchess of Russia), Princess Henry of Prussia, Ernest Louis (Grand Duke of Hesse), Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine), Alexandra Feodorovna (Empress of Russia), Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, Alfred (Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), Marie of Romania, Victoria Feodorovna (Grand Duchess of Russia) Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Princess Consort of Hohenlohe-Langenburg), Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Duchess of Galliera), Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein, Albert (Duke of Schleswig-Holstein), Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (Princess Aribert of Anhalt), Prince Harald, Princess Margaret of Connaught (Crown Princess of Sweden), Prince Arthur of Connaught, Princess Patricia of Connaught (Lady Patricia Ramsay), Princess Alice (Countess of Athlone), Charles Edward (Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), Alexander Mountbatten (1st Marquess of Carisbrooke), Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (Queen of Spain), Lord Leopold Mountbatten, and Prince Maurice of Battenberg

Mother-in-law of Fredrick III (Emperor of Germany), Princess Alexandra of Denmark, Louis IV (Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine), Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, John Campbell (9th Duke of Argyll), Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia, Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont, and Prince Henry of Battenberg.

#victoria i #queen of the uk of great britain and ireland #victoria

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royallookbook · 2 years

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Princess Beatrice's Wedding Dress

The Wedding Dress of Princess Beatrice, first worn at the Lawrence of Arabia Premiere on 10 Dec 1962, then at the Opening of State Parliament in 1967, then finally at the 2020 wedding of Princess Beatrice.

10 Dec 1962: The Queen Elizabeth II wore the dress with the "Girls of Great Britain and Ireland" tiara. This crown was gifted to her in 1947 for her Wedding from her Grandmother, Queen Mary of Teck.

31 Oct 1967: The Queen wears the Imperial State Crown, the Current version of which was made in 1937. This crown is worn for important events such as Coronations and- obviously- the Opening of State Parliament.

19 Jul 2020: Princess Beatrice paired the Dress with the "Queen Mary's Fringe" tiara. This tiara was previously worn by both The Queen and the Princess Royal on their wedding days.

#Queen Mary's Fringe tiara #Imperial State Crown #Girls of Great Britian and Ireland tiara #Girls of Great Britian tiara #Queen Elizabeth II #Princess Beatrice #The Wedding of Princess Beatrice and Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi #Jul 2020 #Dec 1962 #Oct 1967

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germanaustriannoblesandroyals · 4 years

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Master Post - Members who married into a royal or noble house

Disclaimer: If a person married someone from the same house as they were born into, I have not listed them in this list. Please look at the list sorted by birth for them. Houses that rule(d)/reside(d) in other countries but originally came from German and/or Austrian territories and/or are generally regarded as belonging to this cultural room are listed among the German & Austrian Houses.

German & Austrian Houses

House of Babenberg

Princess Eudokia Laskarina of Nicaea, The Hereditary Duchess of Austria

Princess Theodora Angelina of Byzantium, The Duchess of Austria & Styria

Princess Theodora Komnene of Byzantium, The Duchess of Bavaria & Austria

House of Castell

Baroness Ottilie of Faber, Countess of Faber-Castell

House of Coburg (Cadet branch of the House of Wettin)

Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, The Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1st marriage)

Princess Mary of Teck, The Queen of the United Kingdom & British Dominions, The Empress of India

Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (wife of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)

House of Faber

Ottilie Richter, Baroness of Faber

House of Habsburg (incl. Habsburg-Lorraine)

Anna Plochl, Countess of Meran

Princess Charlotte of Belgium, The Empress of Mexico, Archduchess of Austria

Infanta Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress, The Archduchess of Austria

Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg, Holy Roman Empress

Elisabeth in Bavaria, The Empress of Austria

Princess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empress

Queen Joanna of Castile, León and Aragon (Consort of Philip the Handsome, Archduke of Austria and The Duke of Burgundy)

Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria, The Archduchess of Inner Austria-Styria

Maria Beatrice d’Este, The Duchess of Massa & Carrara, Archduchess of Austria

Mary, The Duchess of Burgundy

Princess Sophie of Bavaria, Archduchess of Austria

Countess Sophie Chotek of Chotkowa and Wognin, The Duchess of Hohenberg

Princess Stéphanie of Belgium, The Crown Princess of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia

House of Hanover (Cadet branch of the House of Welf)

Princess Adelaide (Adelheid) of Saxe-Meiningen, The Queen of the United Kingdom and Hanover

Princess Caroline of Ansbach, The Queen of Great Britain

Princess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, The Queen of the United Kingdom and Hanover

Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, The Queen of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover

Frederica (Friederike) of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, The Queen of Hanover, The Duchess of Cumberland and Teviotdale (3rd marriage)

Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, The Duchess of Kent (2nd marriage)

House of Hesse

Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland, The Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine

Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark, The Hereditary Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine

Princess Christina of Saxony, The Landgravine of Hesse

House of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

Princess Feodora of Leininigen, The Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

House of Hohenstaufen

Irene of Byzantium, The Queen of the Germans, The Duchess of Swabia

House of Hohenzollern

Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, The German Empress

Princess Augusta Victoria (Auguste Viktoria) of Schleswig-Holstein, The German Empress

Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, The Queen of Prussia

Princess Elisabeth of Wied, The Queen & Princess of Romania

Princess Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, The Queen of Prussia

Frederica (Friederike) of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Princess Louis Charles of Prussia (1st marriage)

Princess Hermine Reuß, “German Empress”

Jadwiga Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg

Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, The Queen of Prussia

Princess Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, The Queen in Prussia

Princess Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland, Princess Royal, The German Empress

House of La Marck

Jeanne d’Albret, The Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg

House of Limburg-Luxemburg

Elizabeth of Pomerania, Holy Roman Empress

House of Nassau

Princess Sophie of Württemberg, The Queen of the Netherlands

House of Oldenburg

Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, The Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein

Princess Juliane of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, The Queen of Denmark and Norway

House of Supplinburg

Richenza of Northeim, Holy Roman Empress

House of Thurn and Taxis

Helene in Bavaria, The Hereditary Princess of Thurn and Taxis

House of Welf (without the British Hanover branch)

Princess Elisabeth of Brandenburg, The Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen

Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Princess of Brunswick-Lüneburg aka Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia

House of Wettin (without the Coburg branch)

Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria, The Queen of Saxony

Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, The Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen

Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria, The Queen of Saxony

Sibylle of Cleves, The Electress of Saxony

House of Wittelsbach

Elizabeth Stuart, The Queen of Bohemia & Electress Palatine

Kunigunde of Austria, The Duchess of Bavaria-Munich

Princess Louise d’Orléans, Princess of Bavaria

Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, The Electress of Bavaria

Princess Marie of Prussia, The Queen of Bavaria

The House of Württemberg

Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Württemberg

Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis, The Duchess of Württemberg

The Ottonians

Adelaide of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Italy

Theophanu, Holy Roman Empress

Foreign Houses

House of Bourbon

Jeanne d’Albret, The Queen of Navarre and The Duchess of Vendôme

Archduchess Maria Antonia “Marie Antoinette” of Austria, The Queen of France

House of Braganza

Archduchess Maria Leopoldina, The Empress of Brazil, The Queen of Portugal and the Algarves

Byzantine Imperial Family

Konstanze “Anna” of Hohenstaufen, The Empress of Nicaea

House of Ivrea

Elisabeth “Beatrix” of Swabia, The Queen of Castile, León & Galicia

House of Lorraine

Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria, Princess of Lorraine and Bar

The Archduchess Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia) of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (marriage formed new House of Habsburg-Lorraine)

House of Medici

Archduchess Johanna of Austria, The Grand Duchess of Tuscany

House of Radziwiłł

Princess Luise of Prussia, Princess Radziwiłł

House of Romanov (incl. Romanov-Holstein-Gottrop)

Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine aka Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia

Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia

Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, The Empress Regnant of Russia aka Catherine the Great

House of Tudor

Anne of Cleves, The Queen of England

House of Valois

Elisabeth (Isabeau) of Bavaria, The Queen of France

House of Vasa

Princess Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, The Queen of Sweden

Minor Nobles

Anna Constantia of Brockdorff, The Imperial Countess of Cosel

Helene Baltazzi, The Baroness of Vetsera

Maria Anna Mozart, The Imperial Countess Berchthold

Marie Karoline of Mollard, The Imperial Countess of Fuchs to Bimbach

Sophia Botta, The Dark Countess of Hildburghausen

Sophie of Pannwitz, Countess of Voß

#historyedit #master post #german history #austrian history #european history

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missmeltycat · 4 years

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so i know ur famous but are u related to anyone else famous??

I suppose ‘famous’ is subjective based on the type of history you know. (For example, I have mentioned these people before around a few friends from the USA and they had no idea who they were, but in the UK, France, Norway, Denkmark and Sweden they are very well known.)

Rollo 1st Duke of Normandy - 35th Great Grandfather

William Longsword - 34th Great Grandfather

Emma Of Normandy - 33rd Great Grandmother

King Henry I (Beauclerc) - 29th great-grandfather

King Henry II (Henry Plantagenet) - 27th Great Grandfather

William the Conqueror - 30th Great Grandfather

Richard II Of Normandy - 32nd great-grandfather

Alan 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby la Zouche - 23rd Great Grandfather

Guéthénoc vicomte du Porhoët - 29th Great Grandfather

Henry Tudor (AKA Henry VIII) - 10th cousin 18x removed

Louis IX of France - 2nd cousin 26x removed

Mary Stuart (AKA Mary Queen of Scots) - 12th cousin 16x removed

Catherine de' Medici -11th cousin 17x removed

Francis II King of France (Valois) - 12th cousin 16x removed

Alexandrina Victoria Hanover Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Queen of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Empress of India (AKA Queen Victoria) - 21st cousin 7x removed

Alix Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice (Alexandra Feodorovna) Of Hesse Princess of Hesse and bei Rhein - 23rd cousin 5x removed

Grand Duchesses Olga Nikolaevna, Tatiana Nikolaevna, Maria Nikolaevna and Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova of Russia and Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov, children of Nicholas II of Russia and Alix of Hesse and bei Rhine - all 24th cousins 4x removed

#Anon #Ancestry

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princesscatherinemiddleton · 5 years

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Queen Elizabeth II and the first TWENTY people in line to the British throne

inspired by @everythingroyalty and @duchessofostergotlands

Elizabeth Alexandra Mary

Title – Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith (Her Majesty The Queen)

Place in Succession – The Queen

Born – April 21 1926 (93)

Fun Fact! The longest reigning monarch in the world

Charles Philip Arthur George

Title - His Royal Highness Prince Charles Philip Arthur George, Prince of Wales, KG, KT, GCB, OM, AK, QSO, CC, PC, ADC, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland

Place in Succession – Heir Apparent

Born – November 14 1948 (70)

Fun Fact! The longest-serving heir apparent in history

William Arthur Philip Louis

Title – His Royal Highness Prince William Arthur Philip Louis, KG, KT, PC, ADC, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, Baron Carrickfergus

Place in Succession – Second-in-line

Born – June 211982 (37)

Fun Fact! William is a trained pilot and worked with East Anglian Air Ambulance for two years

George Alexander Louis

Title – His Royal Highness Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge

Place in Succession – Third

Born – July 22 2013 (5)

Fun Fact! George loves helicopters and police cars

Charlotte Elizabeth Diana

Title – Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana of Cambridge

Place in Succession – Fourth

Born – May 2 2015 (4)

Fun Fact! Charlotte is the first princess in the BRF not to be displaced in the line of succession by her younger brother

Louis Arthur Charles

Title – His Royal Highness Prince Louis Arthur Charles of Cambridge

Place in Succession – Fifth

Born – April 23 2018 (1)

Fun Fact! Louis was born on St George’s Day

Henry “Harry” Charles Albert David

Title – His Royal Highness Prince Henry Charles Albert David, KCVO, ADC, Duke of Sussex, Earl of Dumbarton, Baron Kilkeel

Place in Succession – Sixth

Born – September 15 1984 (35)

Fun Fact! Harry is the founder of the Invictus Games, based on the US’ Warrior Games

Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor

Title – Master Archie Mountbatten-Windsor

Place in Succession – Seventh

Born – May 6 2019 (0)

Fun Fact! Archie is the Queen’s youngest great-granchild

Andrew Albert Christian Edward

Title – His Royal Highness Prince Andrew Albert Christian Edward, KG, GCVO, CD, ADC(P), Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, Baron Killyleagh

Place in Succession – Eighth

Born – February 19 1960 (59)

Fun Fact! Andrew unites the world in hatred of him

Beatrice Elizabeth Mary

Title – Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice Elizabeth Mary of York

Place in Succession – Ninth

Born – August 8 1988 (30)

Fun Fact! Beatrice is a brilliant public speaker, despite suffering from dyslexia

Eugenie Victoria Helena

Title – Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank

Place in Succession – Tenth

Born – March 23 1990 (29)

Fun Fact! Eugenie underwent surgery to correct scoliosis as a child

Edward Antony Richard Louis

Title – His Royal Highness Prince Edward Antony Richard Louis, KG, GCVO, CD, ADC(P), Earl of Wessex, Earl of Forfar, Viscount Severn

Place in Succession – Eleventh

Born – March 10 1964 (55)

Fun Fact! Edward will one day take over his father’s title, the Duke of Edinburgh

James Alexander Philip Theo Mountbatten-Windsor

Title – Viscount Severn

Place in Succession – Twelfth

Born – December 17 2007 (11)

Fun Fact! James was the first person to wear the replica christening gown worn at all royal christenings since

Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary Mountbatten-Windsor

Title – Lady Louis Windsor

Place in Succession – Thirteenth

Born – November 8 2003 (15)

Fun Fact! Louise was born with esotropia and has undergone surgery to correct her vision

Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise

Title – Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal, KG, KT, GCVO, GCStJ, QSO, CD

Place in Succession – Fourteenth

Born – August 15 1950 (68)

Fun Fact! Anne regularly completes more engagements than any other member of the BRF

Peter Mark Andrew Phillips

Title – Mr Peter Phillips

Place in Succession – Fifteenth

Born – November 15 1977 (41)

Fun Fact! Peter organised the Patron’s Lunch, held in honour of the Queen’s 90th birthday

Savannah Anne Kathleen Phillips

Title – Miss Savannah Phillips

Place in Succession – Sixteenth

Born – December 29 2010 (8)

Fun Fact! Savannah is the eldest of the Queen’s great-grandchildren

Isla Elizabeth Phillips

Title – Miss Isla Phillips

Place in Succession – Seventeenth

Born – March 29 2012 (7)

Fun Fact! Isla’s christening wasn’t attended by her great-grandparents

Zara Anne Elizabeth Tindall

Title – Mrs Zara Tindall MBE

Place in Succession – Eighteenth

Born – May 15 1981 (38)

Fun Fact! Zara is an Olympic silver medallist in equestrian

Mia Grace Tindall

Title – Miss Mia Tindall

Place in Succession – Nineteenth

Born – January 17 2014 (5)

Fun Fact! Mia’s first photos were revealed in a photoshoot for Hello! magazine

Lena Elizabeth Tindall

Title – Miss Lena Tindall

Place in Succession – Twentieth

Born – June 18 2018 (1)

Fun Fact! Lena joined her mother in an advert for iCandy

#mine #the queen #charles #will #george #charlotte #louis #harry #archie #andrew #beatrice #eugenie #edward #louise #james #anne #peter #savannah #isla #zara #mia #lena

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duchessofostergotlands · 6 years

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Why are British princesses- Charlotte and Beatrice for example- titled after their father's Duchy when the title 'Princess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland' is a higher and much more royal sounding title? I think it sounds much prettier than 'Of Cambridge and Of York.'

Well Princess of the United Kingdom isn’t a title that currently exists so it’s not a higher title. Your title is always derived from your father. Even with ordinary people, it’s been traditional that you take your last name from your father so it’s essentially the same thing. It’s like a last name for the family.

#ask #anon #titles #british royal family

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felipeandletizia · 7 years

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King Felipe’s speech at the State Banquet in London

I want to begin personally thanking you, together with Queen Letizia, for your invitation, which I value so much, to make this State Visit to the United Kingdom. An invitation that reflects the mutual cordiality and affection between the Spanish and British peoples as well as the close relationship and friendship between our families.

Let me mention the fact that 160 years ago this Buckingham Palace saw the birth of Princess Beatrice. She was the youngest daughter of Queen Victoria and mother of Princess Ena, who, when she married King Alfonso XIII, became Queen Victoria Eugenia, my great-grandmother and godmother.

This is our first visit as Kings to a country that we have known well as Princes and for which we have always had a great appreciation. A visit, Your Majesty, which takes place when you celebrate the 65th anniversary of your accession to the throne.

Your Majesty, you have distinguished me today with the very noble Order of the Garter. I am deeply grateful for this recognition which is due to your generosity and warm friendship, and which I receive as a clear example of the close and historical relations that unite our two Royal Families and our two countries.

As I have pointed out in the Parliament of your great nation this very afternoon, during your long and fruitful reign - in which you have always had the support of your Family and, in particular, with the firm and valuable commitment of HRH The Duke of Edinburgh - have led the United Kingdom with commendable wisdom and spirit of service. You are, Your Majesty, a reference throughout the world in the exercise of your responsibilities. That is why I want to express my appreciation, admiration and respect to you today and congratulate you sincerely.

Our visit comes 31 years after the one my father, King Juan Carlos, did with my mother Queen Sofia in 1986. This meeting symbolized a new stage of full relations between our two countries and between two of the oldest monarchies in Europe. That is why I would like to express today the immense satisfaction that comes from seeing the progress that our relations and, above all, the ties between our peoples and citizens have experienced since then.

In recent decades, Spanish society has consolidated a modern democracy and has become a full member of the European project, representing a historic period of unprecedented political stability and economic prosperity.

Indeed, during this time the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Spain have succeeded in building a very fruitful understanding which, from innumerable human, social, cultural and economic exchanges, as with few nations in the world, has resulted in a fundamental coincidence with respect to the most important challenges we must face at the global level. During the last three decades we have lived and managed to reach the best moments of the long and dense history that we share.

At European level, our governments have agreed to defend policies to ensure the progress and welfare of our societies. And it is true that in this area we have made different choices regarding the dynamics of integration, but this is part of our democratic tradition, anchored in the values of European civilization of which we are both countries and will always be a part.

In the international sphere, our collaboration is also very close in all fields. In Security and Defense we are loyal allies and we cooperate closely in the fight against terrorism and jihadism whose cruel and soulless violence, unfortunately, we have suffered in recent times. In this sense, I want to have a special memory for all the victims of these attacks; Among which are also Spanish citizens, such as Ignacio Echeverría, who attempted to protect the lives of others and lost his.

Spain stands in solidarity with the British people who in those painful moments have shown, once again, their dignity and integrity. And there is no doubt that the Spanish will always be with our friends and British allies, shoulder to shoulder, in the fight against terrorism.

Also, a strong financial and commercial exchange has consolidated us as economic partners of the first order. The Spanish companies present in the United Kingdom contribute to the progress of this country, as do the British companies that are in Spain to the prosperity of our country. But beyond this reality, the Hispanic-British business and economic projects that are strengthening the growth of our economies and our corporate fabrics are notorious and very relevant.

I also highlight the vitality of our cultural dimension, which has had milestones of enormous importance, such as the anniversary last year of the death on the same date of the two most universal writers of Literature, Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare, pride of the languages Spanish and English. And our languages - true exponents of the richness of our respective cultures - have been consolidated in the last decades as two essential languages of international communication.

Throughout the centuries the contribution of thinkers, intellectuals and scientists of our two countries has been equally important, whose effort and work have generated currents of thought that, uniting Oxford or Cambridge with Salamanca or Santiago de Compostela, have made a unique contribution to our sciences and cultures.

But, as I have wanted to emphasize, the Hispano-British closeness is currently based in a unique way in the proximity of our peoples and civil societies. During the last thirty years thousands of Britons have settled in Spain, and thousands of Spaniards have done so in Britain, and in this way have turned our respective countries into their homes, creating very deep affective bonds.

All of them, Spaniards and Britons, whether workers, businessmen, students, researchers, teachers, artists, sportsmen, tourists, retirees or their families, contribute every day to bring our societies closer. There is no doubt that the human ties that have been woven in the last decades between the Spanish and the British, and the mutual sympathy and knowledge among our peoples, constitute a valuable patrimony that we must safeguard and that will allow us to confront with confidence and optimism to the challenges that lie ahead.

The depth of our links and the solidity of our friendship will help us to address any issue in our respective Governments where discrepancies persist, with the best will and the highest spirit of collaboration.

Your Majesty, After highlighting how many −and how good− are the bonds between the Spanish and British people, I would like to end my remarks by offering my personal affection and admiration to you; and again by thanking Your Majesty, together with your Government, for making this State Visit happen. Queen Letizia and I are deeply touched by the enormous effort put into it by so many, and we are also very grateful for the active involvement of the members of the Royal Family.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

I now invite you all to rise and drink a toast to Her Majesty the Queen, His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, and the people of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

#King Felipe #King Felipe of Spain #King Felipe VI #King Felipe VI of Spain #Queen Elizabeth #Queen Elizabeth II #State Visit #speech #Spain/UK 2017 #July 2017

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sounmashnews · 2 years

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politicoscope · 5 years

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Queen Elizabeth II Biography and Profile

New Post has been published on https://www.politicoscope.com/queen-elizabeth-ii-biography-and-profile/

Queen Elizabeth II Biography and Profile

Queen Elizabeth II was born Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926, in London, to Prince Albert, Duke of York (later known as King George VI), and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. She married Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1947, became queen on February 6, 1952, and was crowned on June 2, 1953. She is the mother of Prince Charles, heir to the throne, as well as the grandmother of princes William and Harry. As the longest-serving monarch in British history, she has tried to make her reign more modern and sensitive to a changing public while maintaining traditions associated with the crown.

Queen Elizabeth’s Health At the end of 2016, concerns about the Queen’s health grew. The Queen was reported to have a “heavy cold” and missed several traditional holiday events, including Christmas and New Year’s services. “The Queen does not yet feel ready to attend church as she is still recuperating from a heavy cold,” the palace said in a statement. She made her first public appearance in January 2017 since taking ill. At that time it was also announced that she would be cutting the number of charities of which she is a patron in an effort to reduce her work obligations.

Queen Elizabeth’s Husband Queen Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten (a surname adopted from his mother’s side) in the autumn of 1947. Elizabeth first met Philip, son of Prince Andrew of Greece, when she was only 13. She was smitten with him from the start. Distant cousins, the two kept in touch over the years and eventually fell in love. They made an unusual pair. Elizabeth was quiet and reserved while Philip was boisterous and outspoken. Her father, King George VI, was hesitant about the match because, while Mountbatten had ties to both the Danish and Greek royal families, he didn’t possess great wealth and was considered by some a bit rough in his personality.

At the time of their wedding, Great Britain was still recovering from the ravages of World War II, and Elizabeth collected clothing coupons to get fabric for her gown. The ceremony was held at London’s Westminster Abbey on November 20th. The family took on the name Windsor, a move pushed by her mother and Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and which caused tension with her husband. Over the years, Philip has inspired numerous public relations headaches with his off-the-cuff, edgy comments and rumors of possible infidelities.

Queen Elizabeth’s Children Elizabeth and Philip wasted no time in producing an heir: Son Charles was born in 1948, the year after their wedding, and daughter Anne arrived in 1950. Elizabeth had two more children — sons Andrew and Edward — in 1960 and 1964 respectively. In 1969, she officially made Prince Charles her successor by granting him the title of Prince of Wales. Hundreds of millions of people tuned in to see the ceremony on television.

In 1981 Prince Charles wed 19-year-old Diana Spencer (best known as Princess Diana), with later rumors surfacing that he was pressured into the marriage from his family. The wedding drew enormous crowds in the streets of London and millions watched the proceedings on television. Public opinion of the monarchy was especially strong at that time. The couple gave birth to Queen Elizabeth’s grandsons Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and successor to the throne, in 1982, and Prince Harry in 1984. Elizabeth has emerged as a devoted grandmother to William and Harry. Prince William has said that she offered invaluable support and guidance as he and Kate Middleton planned their 2011 wedding.

On July 22, 2013, Queen Elizabeth II’s grandson William and his wife Kate, the Duchess of Cambridge, welcomed their first child, George Alexander Louis — a successor to the throne known officially as “His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge.” Elizabeth visited her new great-grandson after William and Kate returned home to Kensington Palace from the hospital. Two years later, on May 2, 2015, William and Kate welcomed their second child, Princess Charlotte, the Queen’s fifth great-grandchild. On April 23, 2018, the couple welcomed their third child, a son.

In addition to Prince William and Prince Harry, the Queen’s other grandchildren are Peter Phillips, Princess Beatrice of York, Princess Eugenie of York, Zara Tindall, Lady Louise Windsor and James, Viscount Severn.

Queen Elizabeth: Coronation On February 6, 1952, Elizabeth’s father, King George VI, died, and she assumed the responsibilities of the ruling monarch. (She and Prince Philip had been in Kenya at the time of her father’s death.) Queen Elizabeth’s official coronation took place on June 2, 1953, in Westminster Abbey. For the first time ever, the ceremony was broadcast on television, allowing people from across the globe to witness the pomp and spectacle of the event.

Family Tree Queen Elizabeth II’s father, Prince Albert, was the second son of King George V and Queen Mary. She has ties with most of the monarchs in Europe. Her ancestors include Queen Victoria (ruled 1837 to 1901) and King George III (ruled 1760 to 1820).

In 1936, the course of Elizabeth’s life changed with the death of her grandfather, George V, with whom she was said to be close. Her uncle became King Edward VIII, but he was in love with American divorcée Wallis Simpson and had to choose between the crown and his heart. In the end, Edward chose Simpson and abdicated the crown. Elizabeth’s father became King George VI in 1937.

Young Queen Elizabeth At the time of her birth, most did not realize Elizabeth would someday become queen of Great Britain. Elizabeth got to enjoy the first decade of her life with all the privileges of being a royal without the pressures of being the heir apparent.

Elizabeth’s father and mother, also known as the Duke and Duchess of York, divided their time between a home in London and Royal Lodge, the family’s home on the grounds of Windsor Great Park. Elizabeth, nicknamed Lilibet, and her younger sister Margaret were educated at home by tutors. Academic courses included French, mathematics and history, with dancing, singing and art lessons undertaken as well.

With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Elizabeth and her sister Princess Margaret largely stayed out of London, having been relocated to Windsor Castle. From there she made the first of her famous radio broadcasts, with this particular speech reassuring the children of Britain who had been evacuated from their homes and families. The 14-year-old princess, showing her calm and firm personality, told them “that in the end, all will be well; for God will care for us and give us victory and peace.”

Elizabeth soon started taking on other public duties. Appointed colonel-in-chief of the Grenadier Guards by her father, Elizabeth made her first public appearance inspecting the troops in 1942. She also began to accompany her parents on official visits within Britain.

In 1945, Elizabeth joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service to help in the war effort. She trained side-by-side with other British women to be an expert driver and mechanic. While her volunteer work only lasted a few months, it offered Elizabeth a glimpse into a different, non-royal world. She had another vivid experience outside of the monarchy when she and Margaret were allowed to mingle anonymously among the citizenry on Victory in Europe Day.

Queen Elizabeth II’s Reign Queen Elizabeth’s long and mainly peaceful reign has been marked by vast changes in her people’s lives, in her country’s power, how Britain is viewed abroad and how the monarchy is regarded and portrayed. As a constitutional monarch, Elizabeth does not weigh in on political matters, nor does she reveal her political views. However, she confers regularly with her prime ministers.

When Elizabeth became queen, post-war Britain still had a substantial empire, dominions and dependencies. However, during the 1950s and 1960s, many of these possessions achieved independence and the British Empire evolved into the Commonwealth of Nations. Elizabeth II has thus made visits to other countries as head of the Commonwealth and a representative of Britain, including a groundbreaking trip to Germany in 1965. She became the first British monarch to tour there in more than five decades.

During the 1970s and 1980s, Queen Elizabeth continued to travel extensively. In 1973 she attended the Commonwealth Conference in Ottawa, Canada, and in 1976 traveled to the United States for the 200th anniversary celebration of America’s independence from Britain. More than a week later she was in Montreal, Canada, to open the Summer Olympics. In 1979, she traveled to Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman, which garnered international attention and widespread respect.

In 1982, Elizabeth worried about her second son Prince Andrew, who served as a helicopter pilot in the British Royal Navy during the Falklands War. Britain went to war with Argentina over the Falklands Islands, a clash that lasted for several weeks. While more than 250 British soldiers died in the conflict, Prince Andrew returned home safe and well, much to his mother’s relief.

In 2011, Elizabeth showed that the crown still had symbolic and diplomatic power when she became the first British monarch to visit the Republic of Ireland since 1911.

As queen, Elizabeth has modernized the monarchy, dropping some of its formalities and making certain sites and treasures more accessible to the public. As Britain and other nations struggled financially, she welcomed the elimination of the Civil List, which was a public funding system of the monarchy dating back roughly 250 years. The royal family continues to receive some government support, but the Queen has had to cut back on spending.

Despite the occasional call to step aside for Prince Charles, Elizabeth remained steadfast in her royal obligations as she passed her 90th birthday. She continued making more than 400 engagements per year, maintaining her support of hundreds of charitable organizations and programs.

However, in late 2017 the monarchy took what was considered a major step toward transitioning to the next generation: On November 12, Prince Charles handled the traditional Remembrance Sunday duty of placing a wreath at the Cenotaph war memorial, as the Queen watched from a nearby balcony.

Relationship With Prime Ministers As of 2017, Elizabeth has had 13 prime ministers placed into power during her reign, with Queen and PM having a weekly, confidential meeting. (Elizabeth has also met about a quarter of all the U.S. presidents in history.) She enjoyed a father-figure relationship with the iconic Winston Churchill, and was later able to loosen up a bit and be somewhat informal with Labour leaders Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. In contrast, she and Margaret Thatcher had a very formal, distant relationship, with the PM tending to be a grating lecturer to the Queen on a variety of issues.

Tony Blair saw certain concepts around the monarchy as somewhat outdated, though he did appreciate Elizabeth making a public statement after the death of Princess Diana. Later, Conservative leader David Cameron, who is Elizabeth’s fifth cousin removed, enjoyed a warm rapport with the Queen. He apologized in 2014 for revealing in a conversation that she was against the Scottish referendum to seek independence from Great Britain. The most recent PM, Theresa May, has been described as being tight-lipped about Brexit plans to leave the European Union, with a rumor circulating that Elizabeth was perturbed over not being informed about future exit strategies.

Threats Elizabeth has worked tirelessly to protect the image of the monarchy and to prepare for its future. But she has seen the monarchy come under attack during her lifetime. The once-revered institution has weathered a number of storms, including death threats against the royal family. In 1979, Elizabeth suffered a great personal loss when Lord Mountbatten, her husband’s uncle, died in a terrorist bombing. Mountbatten and several members of his family were aboard his boat on August 29th, off the west coast of Ireland, when the vessel exploded. He and three others, including one of his grandsons, were killed. The IRA (Irish Republican Army), which opposed British rule in Northern Ireland, took responsibility for the attack.

In June 1981, Elizabeth herself had a dangerous encounter. She was riding in the Trooping the Colour, a special military parade to celebrate her official birthday, when a man in the crowd pointed a gun at her. He fired, but, fortunately, the gun was loaded with blanks. Other than receiving a good scare, the Queen was not hurt. She had an even closer call the following year when an intruder broke into Buckingham Palace and confronted Elizabeth in her bedroom. When the press got wind of the fact that Prince Philip was nowhere to be seen during this incident, they speculated about the state of the royal marriage.

Tabloid Scandals The marriage of Queen Elizabeth’s son, Prince Charles, to Princess Diana made headlines for years before the couple announced plans to divorce in 1992. In the wake of Princess Diana’s death in 1997, Elizabeth went under intense media scrutiny. Her incredibly popular ex-daughter-in-law, sometimes nicknamed the People’s Princess, died from injuries in a Paris car crash on August 31st. The Queen was at her Balmoral estate in Scotland with Prince Charles and his and Diana’s two sons, Prince William and Prince Harry, at the time. For days, Elizabeth remained silent while the country mourned Diana’s passing, and she was sharply criticized for her lack of response. Stories circulated that the Queen did not want to give Diana a royal funeral, which only fueled public sentiment against the monarch. Nearly a week after Diana’s death, Elizabeth returned to London and issued a statement on the late princess.

Another of Queen Elizabeth’s children, Prince Andrew, ended up in the tabloids, after photos emerged of his wife Sarah Ferguson and another man engaged in romantic activity.

In November 2017, the media turned its attention back to the Queen, this time over reports of some $13 million invested in offshore accounts. The news came following the leak of the so-called “Paradise Papers” to a German newspaper, which shared the documents with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. The Duchy of Lancaster, which holds assets for the Queen, confirmed that some of its investments were overseas accounts, but insisted they were all legitimate.

Also in 2017, the former owner of the lingerie company Rigby & Peller, which had serviced Queen Elizabeth for more than 50 years, wrote a tell-all autobiography that included some of her experiences with the royal family. Although the author insisted that “the book doesn’t contain anything naughty,” the Queen responded in early 2018 by revoking Rigby & Peller’s royal warrant.

Loss and Change After the start of the 21st century, Elizabeth experienced two great losses. She said goodbye to both her sister Margaret and her mother in 2002, the same year she celebrated her Golden Jubilee, or 50th year on the throne. Margaret, known for being more of an adventurous soul than other royals and who was barred from marrying an early love, died that February after suffering a stroke. Only a few weeks later, Elizabeth’s mother, known as the Queen Mother, died at Royal Lodge on March 30th at the age of 101.

Known to be a stickler for ceremony and tradition, Elizabeth eventually started to show signs of softening her stance. She had objected to the relationship between Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles, with the pair having been involved while the prince was married. When the two wed in 2005, Elizabeth and Prince Philip had a reception in their honor at Windsor Castle.

Diamond Jubilee Elizabeth celebrated her Diamond Jubilee in 2012, marking 60 years as queen. As part of the jubilee festivities, a special BBC concert was held on June 4th featuring the likes of Shirley Bassey, Paul McCartney, Tom Jones, Stevie Wonder and Kylie Minogue. Elizabeth was surrounded by family at this historic event, including her husband Philip, son Charles and grandsons Harry and William. On September 9, 2015, she surpassed her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria as Britain’s longest ruling monarch, who reigned for 63 years.

Sapphire Jubilee On February 6, 2017, the Queen celebrated 65 years on the throne, the only British monarch to ever celebrate her Sapphire Jubilee. The date also marks the anniversary of the death of her father. The Queen chose to spend the day quietly at Sandringham, her country estate north of London, where she attended a church service.

In London, there were royal gun salutes at Green Park and at the Tower of London to mark the occasion. The Royal Mint also issued eight new commemorative coins in honor of the Queen’s Sapphire Jubilee.

Queen Elizabeth: Movies and Plays Keeping in mind the duration of her reign, Elizabeth has been played by a number of well-known actresses on both stage and screen. She has perhaps most famously been portrayed by Helen Mirren, who received an Oscar and Golden Globe, among other accolades, for her starring role in 2006’s The Queen, directed by Stephen Frears. Mirren later played Elizabeth in The Audience, a West End and Broadway play which chronicled the Queen’s aforementioned meetings with various prime ministers and for which the actress earned a 2015 Tony Award. Elizabeth later received a dramatic stage treatment from the formidable Kristin Scott Thomas, who starred in The Audience in 2015.

The Queen has also been played in various films over the decades by lookalike Jeannette Charles and was portrayed by Emma Thompson in the Playhouse Presents TV episode Walking the Dogs (2012). Elizabeth has been more recently portrayed on television screens by Claire Foy; the actress depicts the future monarch at the time of her marriage and political relationship with Churchill (John Lithgow) in Netflix’s The Crown, which debuted in autumn 2016. Foy received a Best Actress Golden Globe for the role.

Corgis For much of her life, the Queen has surrounded herself with dogs. She is especially known for her love of corgis, owning more than 30 descendants of the first corgi she received as a teenager, until the death of the final one, Willow, in 2018. Elizabeth is also a horse enthusiast who bred thoroughbreds and attended racing events for many years.

Not one for the spotlight, Elizabeth likes quiet pastimes. She enjoys reading mysteries, working on crossword puzzles and even watching wrestling on television.

Queen Elizabeth II Biography and Profile (Biography)

#Elizabeth Alexandra Mary #Queen Elizabeth II #UK

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fifiweihao-blog · 4 years

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memories of 1988

The Hubble Space Telescope Goes into operation to explore deep space and is still in full use today mapping our universe. A bomb is exploded on Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie in Scotland on December 21st . Also Prozac is sold for the first time as an anti-depressant, some of the great movies that year included Rain Man, Die Hard and A Fish Called Wanda.

In the early 1980s, Britain had just begun to slough off its reliance on packet mash and tinned pineapple. With Delia, we discovered kiwi and cranberries; trend-setting restaurants proliferated and "seasonality" started to mean something again. The British tend to mainline on nostalgia, but who hankers for the traditional British culinary experience? Prawn cocktail, steaks that should have been sent to a burns unit, serviettes, frozen food, fondue, gateau festering on pudding trolleys, sliced bread…

In 1988, these were just some of our favourites. "Foreign" meant French. "Vegetarian" meant omelette. "Modern British" meant Garfunkel’s. Food wasn’t invented in Britain until 1987, the year the River Café opened in West London. In the provinces, it was later still. Nostalgia is a dish best served never.

Culinary innovations aside, 1988 boasts no seismic cultural shift – unlike, say, 1966 or 1977. It might have witnessed acid house’s Second Summer of Love, but for most people it was the year Bros stole hearts, Neighbours became must-see after-school viewing and England crashed out of the European Championships in the first round.

Before the deregulating 1990 Broadcasting Act, there was no satellite television in this country. In 1988, British film was in good shape, thanks to the artistically stimulating output of the still-new FilmFour. Spitting Image still mattered, thanks to unbeatable material from the Thatcher government, which was also being wound up by ITV’s documentary Death on the Rock. It was a time before the insane pressures of the global market, when films and TV programmes were made for their own sake, not pitched at demographics.

In 1988 the City of London was coming out of the Big Bang. The deregulation and competition that ensued has transformed London into the biggest international capital market, with banks such as HSBC and the Royal Bank of Scotland taking their place among the world’s best.

1988: when Kylie, Cliff and Ghostbusters ruled

Best-selling single

Cliff Richard’s Mistletoe & Wine

Best-selling album

Kylie Minogue’s Kylie

Highest-grossing movie

Rain Man

Oscar winner

Bernardo Bertolucci, who won nine Oscars for The Last Emperor.

Video game

Super Mario 3 is released. It goes on to sell 18m copies and spawn a television show.

The price of a pint of beer

Around £1

Children’s toys

Ghostbusters toys sell out – with the Slimer toy (complete with bubbles) particularly popular.

Births

Tinie Tempah

Alexandra Burke

Princess Beatrice

Michael Cera

Deaths

Divine

Kenneth Williams

Nico

Roy Orbison

Marriages

Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick

Patsy Kensit and Dan Donavan

Michael J Fox and Tracy Pollan

Mike Tyson and Robin Givens

1988: Jumbo jet crashes onto Lockerbie

A Pan Am jumbo jet with 258 passengers on board has crashed on to the town of Lockerbie near the Scottish borders. Initial reports indicate it crashed into a petrol station in the centre of the town, between Carlisle and Dumfries, and burst into a 300-foot fireball. Hundreds are feared dead as airline officials said flight 103 was about two-thirds full with 255 adults and three children on board. Rescue teams have confirmed there are many casualties at the scene including townspeople who were on the ground. The Boeing 747 left London Heathrow at 1800 GMT bound for New York’s JFK airport. Shortly after 1900 the flight disappeared from radar screens at Prestwick Air Traffic Control Centre.

At 1908-hrs there were reports by the Civil Air Traffic Control Authorities of an explosion on the ground 15 miles north of the Scottish border. Details of the accident are still unclear but there are unconfirmed reports the plane has ploughed into cars and houses. An eyewitness said the aircraft has hit a central part of the town in a residential area. "There was just a terrible explosion, you just couldn’t describe it," he told the BBC. "It is just impossible to approach the town but at the time it went up there was a terrible explosion and the whole sky lit up. "It was virtually raining fire – it was just liquid fire."

Parts of the town are being evacuated and a hall has been converted into a refuge centre. Dumfries and Galloway Hospital, about 20 miles away, is on emergency alert.

Ambulances from southern Scotland and Cumbria have been sent to the scene. The RAF has sent personnel and helicopters from Scotland and Northern England, along with mountain rescue teams to help police. The A74 has been cordoned off after police reported several parked cars on fire. It is thought the plane would have been flying at about 31,000 ft over Lockerbie when it exploded.

In total 259 people aboard the flight and 11 on the ground died in the crash which took place 38 minutes after take-off. The debris from the aircraft was scattered across 845 square miles and the impact reached 1.6 on the Richter scale. The subsequent police investigation was the biggest ever mounted in Scotland and became a murder inquiry when evidence of a bomb was found.

Two men accused of being Libyan intelligence agents were eventually charged with planting the bomb. Abdelbaset ali Mohmed al-Megrahi was jailed for life in January 2001 following an 84-day trial under Scottish law, at Camp Zeist in Holland. His alleged accomplice, Al Amin Khalifa Fhimah, was found not guilty. In 2002 Al Megrahi’s appeal against conviction was rejected.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMo2t_MD1s8

1988: IRA gang shot dead in Gibraltar

The IRA has confirmed the three people shot dead by security forces in Gibraltar yesterday were members of an active service unit. They are reported to have planted a 500lb car bomb near the British Governor’s residence. It was primed to go off tomorrow during a changing of the guard ceremony, which is popular with tourists.

The three – two men and a woman – were shot as they walked towards the border with Spain. Security officers say they were acting suspiciously and the officers who carried out the shootings believed their lives were in danger. The three dead have been named as Daniel McCann, 30 and Sean Savage, 24, both known IRA activists and Mairead Farrell, 31, the most senior member of the gang who had served 10 years for her part in the bombing of a hotel outside Belfast in 1976.

The Ministry of Defence confirmed last night military personnel had opened fire on three terrorist suspects. It said no weapons had been found at the scene. The shooting happened in mid-afternoon. One eyewitness said he had seen a man in jeans holding a pistol in both hands. He said the man was only four feet from one of those he killed. Police sealed off the area for several hours after the shooting. A robot was brought in to defuse the car bomb and troops patrolled the streets. Local residents were warned to stay indoors. The terrorists’ target was the band and guard of the 1st Battalion Royal Anglian Regiment, which arrived in Gibraltar recently after a tour of duty in Northern Ireland.

Army intelligence officers have been expecting an IRA attack on a military target for some months after a series of setbacks for the Provisionals. Reports say 20 members of the IRA have been killed in the past 15 months. The Independent’s Ireland correspondent, David McKittrick, said 1987 was "a bad year" for the IRA. They lost eight active service members in an SAS ambush in Country Antrim. He has raised speculation yesterday’s killings in Gibraltar may also have been the work of the SAS.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7MBqTw2vl0

1988: Three shot dead at Milltown Cemetery

A gunman has killed three mourners and injured at least 50 people attending a funeral for IRA members shot dead in Gibraltar. It is understood he also threw four grenades into the crowd of 10,000 people gathered around the Republican plot at Milltown Cemetery in Roman Catholic west Belfast. The casualties have been taken to the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast in a fleet of private vehicles and 10 ambulances. Eyewitness reports describe mourners gripped with panic, screaming and shouting while others collapsed to the floor.

The initial shot was mistaken for an IRA salute as the dead, Mairead Farrell, 31, Daniel McCann, 30, and Sean Savage, 23, were buried. But shortly after 1300 GMT as the last of the three coffins was lowered into the joint grave, another shot was fired. Another shot was quickly followed by two blasts 50 yards away which is said to have sent black smoke and earth into the air. Several more shots were fired amid a burst of what is thought to be grenades.

Funeral stewards made repeated appeals for calm as the course of reconciliation in Northern Ireland faced another setback. There are some reports the man was then pursued by hundreds of youths oblivious to the danger.

The Northern Ireland Secretary Tom King, has condemned the attacks and appealed for calm, echoing calls from other political quarters including Sinn Fein president Gerry Adams. But Mr Adams accused the RUC of collusion in the attack. The RUC had agreed to stay away from the funeral after representations from the Roman Catholic church and political leaders. The Ulster Defence Association, the largest of the Protestant paramilitary organisations, denied any part in the attack. It added the outlawed Ulster Freedom Fighters had no part in today’s events either.

The funerals were for three IRA members shot dead by British special forces in Gibraltar, where they were planning an attack on the British garrison. A lone loyalist gunman, Michael Stone, was chased by mourners at the cemetery but was arrested by police. The east Belfast man had been active on the fringes of loyalist para-militarism before the Milltown killings and was ultimately sentenced for a total of six murders when he eventually came to trial. The Ulster Freedom Fighters member was sentenced to a minimum of 30 years imprisonment by the trial judge.

But he was released in 2000, despite massive outrage, after serving 12 years under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. In November 2006 he had his release licence suspended after he was arrested for bursting into Stormont claiming to have a bomb. He was charged with attempting to murder Sinn Fein’s Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness and with possessing an imitation firearm.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFfhkdHIVgA

Corporals Wood and Howes killed by IRA 1988

When two corporals in the British Army inadvertently drove into the midst of a republican funeral, their car was set upon by the crowd. They were dragged out and beaten before being shot dead by members of the IRA. These brutal killings marked the conclusion of a period of 14 days that was to prove one the darkest of Northern Ireland’s Troubles. The incident was filmed by television cameras and the images have been described as some of the "most dramatic and harrowing" of the conflict in Northern Ireland.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhfgQOLSrTQ

1988 Timeline

January – Elizabeth Butler-Sloss becomes the first woman to be appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal.

3 January – Margaret Thatcher becomes the longest serving British prime minister this century, having been in power for eight years and 244 days.

4 January – Sir Robin Butler replaces Sir Robert Armstrong as Cabinet Secretary, on the same day that Margaret Thatcher makes her first state visit to Africa when she arrives in Kenya.

5 January – Actor Rowan Atkinson launches the new Comic Relief charity appeal.

7 January – Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock calls for a further £1.3 billion to made available for the National Health Service.

9 January – One of the worst incidents of football hooliganism this season sees 41 suspected hooligans arrested at the FA Cup third round tie between Arsenal and Millwall at Highbury.

11 January – The government announces that inflammable foam furniture will be banned from March next year.

14 January – Unemployment figures are released for the end of 1987, showing the 18th successive monthly fall. Just over 2,600,000 people are now jobless in the United Kingdom – the lowest total for seven years. More than 500,000 of the unemployed found jobs during 1987.

22 January – Colin Pitchfork is sentenced to life imprisonment after admitting the rape and murder of two girls in Leicestershire in 1983 and 1986, the first conviction for murder in the UK based on DNA fingerprinting evidence.

22 January – Peugeot’s 405 saloon, winner of the European Car of the Year award, goes on sale in Britain.

23 January – David Steel announces that he will not stand for the leadership of the new Social and Liberal Democratic Party.

24 January – Arthur Scargill is re-elected as leader of the National Union of Mineworkers by a narrow majority.

28 January – The Birmingham Six lose an appeal against their convictions.

1 February – Victor Miller, a 33-year-old warehouse worker from Wolverhampton, confesses to the murder of 14-year-old Stuart Gough, who was found dead in Worcestershire last month.

3 February – Nurses throughout the UK strike for higher pay and more cash for the National Health Service.

4 February – Nearly 7,000 ferry workers go on strike in Britain, paralysing the nation’s seaports.

5 February – The first BBC Red Nose Day raises £15 million for charity.

7 February – It is reported that more than 50% of men and 80% of women working full-time in London are earning less than the lowest sum needed to buy the cheapest houses in the capital.

13 – 28 February – Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada, but do not win any medals.

15 February – Norman Fowler, Secretary of State for Employment, announces plans for a new training scheme which the government hopes will give jobs to up to 600,000 people who are currently unemployed.

16 February – Thousands of nurses and co-workers form picket lines outside British hospitals as they go on strike in protest against what they see as inadequate NHS funding.

26 February – Multiple rapist and murderer John Duffy is sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommendation that he should never be released.

1 March – British Aerospace launches a takeover bid for the government-owned Rover Group, the largest British-owned carmaker.

3 March – The SDP merges with the Liberal Party to create the Social and Liberal Democratic Party. Its interim leaders are David Steel and Robert Maclennan. The merger means that the Liberal Party has ceased to exist after 129 years.

4 March – Halifax Building Society reveals that year-on-year house prices rose by 16.9% last month.

6 March – Operation Flavius: A Special Air Service team of the British Army shoots dead three unarmed members of a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) Active Service Unit in Gibraltar.

7 March – Margaret Thatcher announces a £3 billion regeneration scheme to improve a series of inner city areas by the year 2000.

9 March – It is revealed that the average price of a house in Britain reached £60,000 at the end of last year, compared to £47,000 in December 1986.

10 March – The Prince of Wales narrowly avoids death in an avalanche while on a skiing holiday in Switzerland. Major Hugh Lindsay, former equerry to the Queen, is killed.

15 March – Chancellor Nigel Lawson announces that the standard rate of income tax will be cut to 25p in the pound, while the maximum rate of income tax will be cut to 40p from 60p in the pound.

16 March – Milltown Cemetery attack: Three men are killed and 70 are wounded in a gun and grenade attack by loyalist paramilitary Michael Stone on mourners at Milltown Cemetery in Belfast during the funerals of the three IRA members killed in Gibraltar.

17 March – The fall in unemployment continues with just over 2,500,000 people now registered as unemployed in the UK. However, there is a blow for the city of Dundee, when Ford Motor Company scraps plans to build a new electronics plant in the city – a move which ends hopes of 1,000 new jobs being created for this city which has high unemployment.

19 March – Corporals killings in Belfast: British Army corporals Woods and Howes are abducted, beaten and shot dead by Irish republicans after driving into the funeral cortege of IRA members killed in the Milltown Cemetery attack.

29 March – Plans are unveiled for Europe’s tallest skyscraper to be built at Canary Wharf. The office complex will cost around £3 billion to build and is set to open in 1992.

9 April – The house price boom is reported to have boosted wealth in London and the south-east by £39 billion over the last four years, compared with an £18 billion slump in Scotland and north-west England.

10 April – Golfer Sandy Lyle becomes the first British winner of the US Masters.

21 April – The government announces that nurses will receive a 15% pay rise, at a cost of £794 million which will be funded by the Treasury.

24 April – Luton Town FC beat Arsenal in the Littlewoods Cup final at Wembley 3-2. The match was won in the 92nd minute with a goal by Brian Stein after Luton had come back from being 2-1 down and goalkeeper Andy Dibble saving a penalty in the 79th minute. Luton scorers Brian Stein and Danny Wilson. Attendance 96,000

May – The first 16-year-olds sit General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations, replacing both the O-level and CSE. The new qualifications are marked against objective standards rather than relatively.

2 May – Three off-duty British servicemen are killed in The Netherlands by the IRA.

6 May – Graeme Hick makes English cricket history by scoring 405 runs in a county championship match.

7 May – The proposed Poll tax, which is expected to come into force next year, will see the average house rise in value by around 20%, according to a study.

14 May – Wimbledon F.C., who have been Football League members for just 11 seasons and First Division members for two, win the FA Cup with a 1–0 win over league champions Liverpool at Wembley. Lawrie Sanchez scored the winning goal in the first half, while Liverpool’s John Aldridge missed a penalty in the second half. In Scotland, Celtic beat Dundee United 2-1 in the Scottish Cup final with two late goals from Frank McAvennie to complete the Scottish double.

19 May – Unemployment is now below 2,500,000 for the first time since early 1981.

House prices in Norwich, one of the key beneficiaries of the current economic boom, have risen by 50% in the last year.

24 May – Local Government Act becomes law. The controversial Section 28 prevents local authorities from "promoting homosexuality". Local authorities are also obliged to outsource more services, and dog licences are abolished (except in Northern Ireland).

Albert Dock in Liverpool reopened by Prince Charles as a leisure and business centre including the Tate Liverpool art museum.

31 May – the BBC controversial film, Tumbledown is broadcast despite Ministry of Defence concern.

2 June – U.S. President Ronald Reagan makes a visit to Britain.

11 June – Some 80,000 people attend a concert at Wembley Stadium in honour of Nelson Mandela, the South African anti-apartheid campaigner who turned 70 on that day and has been in prison since 1964.

15 June – Five British soldiers are killed by the IRA in Lisburn.

16 June – More than 100 English football fans are arrested in West Germany in connection with incidents of football hooliganism during the European Championships.

18 June – England’s participation in the European Football Champions ended when they finished bottom of their group having lost all three games.

23 June – Three gay rights activists invade the BBC television studios during the six o’clock bulletin of the BBC News.

July – The Freeze art exhibition is held at Surrey Docks in London Docklands, it is organised by Damien Hirst and is considered significant in the development of the Young British Artists.

5 July – The Church of England announces that it will allow the ordination of women priests from 1992.

6 July – Piper Alpha disaster oil rig in the North Sea explodes and results in the death of 167 workers.

A contractor’s relief driver pours 20 tonnes of aluminium sulphate into the wrong tank at a water treatment plant near Camelford in Cornwall, causing extensive pollution to the local water supply.

18 July – Paul Gascoigne, 21-year-old midfielder, becomes the first £2 million footballer signed by a British club when he leaves Newcastle United and joins Tottenham Hotspur.

28 July – Paddy Ashdown, MP for Yeovil in Somerset, is elected as the first leader of the Social and Liberal Democratic Party.

28 July – Paddy Ashdown an ex-Royal Marine commando is elected leader of the Social Democrats and Liberal Democrats.

29 July – Most provisions of the Education Reform Act come into effect in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Act introduces Grant-maintained schools and Local Management of Schools, allowing schools to be taken out of the direct control of local government; a National Curriculum with Key Stages; an element of parental preference in the choice of schools; published league tables of school examination results; controls on the use of the word ‘degree’ by UK institutions; and abolition of tenure for new academics.

31 July – Economists warn that the house price boom is likely to end next year.

1 August – A British Army soldier is killed by IRA terrorists at Inglis Barracks in North London.

2 August – Everton F.C. pay £2.3 million for West Ham United striker Tony Cottee, 22, breaking the national record set six weeks ago by Paul Gascoigne’s transfer.

8 August – The first child (a girl) of TRH The Duke and Duchess of York is born at Portland Hospital in London. She was fifth in line to the throne until the birth of Prince George of Cambridge on the 22 July 2013. She is currently sixth in line.

14 August – Scunthorpe United F.C.’s Glanford Park is opened; the first new stadium to be built by a Football League club since the 1950s. Their last game at their original ground, Old Showground, was on 18 May.

18 August – Ian Rush becomes the most expensive player to join a British club when he returns to Liverpool F.C. for £2.7 million after a year at Juventus in Italy.

20 August – Six British soldiers are killed by an IRA bomb near Belfast. 27 other people are injured.

22 August – New licensing laws allow pubs to stay open all day in England and Wales.

The Duke and Duchess of York’s 14-day-old daughter is named Beatrice Elizabeth Mary.

29 August – 14-year-old Matthew Sadler becomes Britain’s youngest international chess master.

31 August – Postal workers walk out on strike over a dispute concerning bonuses paid to recruit new workers in London and the South East.

3 September – Economic experts warn that the recent economic upswing for most of the developed world is almost over, and that these countries – including Britain – face a recession in the near future.

9 September – The England cricket team’s tour to India is cancelled after Captain Graham Gooch and seven other players are refused visas because of involvement in South African cricket during the apartheid boycott.

13 September – Royal Mail managers and Union of Communication Workers representatives agree a settlement to end the postal workers strike.

17 September – 2 October – Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, and win 5 gold, 10 silver and 9 bronze medals.

24 September – The house price boom is reported to be slowing as a result of increased mortgage rates.

30 September – A Gibraltar jury decides that the 3 IRA members killed on 6 March were killed "lawfully".

October – Vauxhall launches the third generation of its popular Cavalier family saloon.

9 October – Labour MP and Shadow Chancellor John Smith, 50, is hospitalised with a heart attack in Edinburgh.

12 October – As Pope John Paul II addresses the European Parliament, Ian Paisley heckles and denounces him as the Antichrist.

13 October – The House of Lords rules that extracts of the banned book Spycatcher can be published in the media.

18 October – Jaguar unveils its new Jaguar XJ220 supercar at the Motor Show. It is set go into production in 1990, costing £350,000 and being the world’s fastest production car with a top speed of 220 mph.

27 October – Three IRA supporters are found guilty of conspiracy to murder in connection with a plot to kill Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Tom King.

28 October – British Rail announces a 21% rise in the cost of long distance season tickets.

2 November – Victor Miller is sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Stuart Gough.

4 November – Margaret Thatcher presses for freedom for the people of Poland on her visit to Gdańsk.

9 November – The government unveils plans for a new identity card scheme in an attempt to clamp down on football hooliganism.

15 November – The Education Secretary, Kenneth Baker, says that the national testing will place great emphasis on grammar.

30 November – A government report reveals that up to 50,000 people in Britain may be HIV positive, and that by the end of 1992 up to 17,000 people may have died from AIDS.

A bronze statue of former prime minister Clement Attlee, who died in 1967, is unveiled outside Limehouse Library in London by fellow former prime minister Harold Wilson.

3 December – Health minister Edwina Currie provokes outrage by stating that most of Britain’s egg production is infected with the salmonella bacteria, causing an immediate nationwide fall in egg sales.

6 December – The last shipbuilding facilities on Wearside, once the largest shipbuilding area in the world, are to close with the loss of 2,400 jobs.

10 December – James W. Black wins the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment".

12 December – 35 people are killed in a collision between three trains at Clapham in London.

15 December – Unemployment is now only just over 2,100,000 – the lowest level for almost eight years.

16 December – Edwina Currie resigns as Health minister.

19 December – The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors publishes its house price survey, revealing a deep recession in the housing market.

PC Gavin Carlton, 29, is shot dead in Coventry in a siege by two armed bank robbers. His colleague DC Leonard Jakeman is also shot but survives. One of the gunmen gives himself up to police, while the other shoots himself dead.

20 December – The three-month-old daughter of the Duke and Duchess of York is christened Beatrice Elizabeth Mary.

21 December – Pan Am Flight 103 explodes over the Scottish town of Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway killing a total of 270 people – 11 on the ground and all 259 who were on board. It is believed that the cause of the explosion was a terrorist bomb.

Inflation remains low for the seventh year running, now standing at 4.9%.

1988 in British television

4 January – BBC1 moves the repeat episode of Neighbours to a 5:35pm evening slot, the decision to do this having been made by controller Michael Grade on the advice of his daughter.

6 January – All ITV regions network Emmerdale Farm in the Wednesday and Thursday 6.30pm slot.

11 January – The first episode of the game show Fifteen to One airs on Channel 4.

25–29 January – TV-am airs a week of live broadcasts from Sydney to celebrate Australia’s bicentenary.

5 February – Comic Relief airs its Red Nose Day fundraiser on BBC1.

13–28 February – The 1988 Winter Olympics are held in Calgary, Alberta and broadcast to television audiences around the world.

15 February – Red Dwarf makes its debut on BBC2.

20 February – London’s Burning makes its debut as a regular series on ITV, having been developed from Jack Rosenthal’s original 1986 film.

19 March – Two off-duty British soldiers are killed after stumbling into an IRA funeral procession in Belfast. Footage of the incident is captured by journalists and widely broadcast.

22 March – Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher tells the House of Commons that journalists have a "bounden duty" to assist the police investigation into the corporals killings by handing over their footage. Many have refused to do so fearing it could place them in danger.

23 March – Film of the corporals killings is seized from the BBC and ITN under the Prevention of Terrorism and Emergency Provisions Acts.

4 April – The original series of Crossroads airs for the last time on ITV. It returns in 2001 before being axed again in 2003.

6 April – ITV’s chart show The Roxy airs for the last time.

15 April – The Pogues perform their controversial hit Streets of Sorrow/Birmingham Six – a song expressing support for those convicted over the Guildford and Birmingham pub bombings – on the Ben Elton Channel 4 show Friday Night Live. The song is cut short, however, by a commercial break.

28 April – ITV broadcasts Death on the Rock, a hugely controversial episode of Thames Television’s This Week current affairs strand, investigating Operation Flavius, which resulted in the SAS killing three members of the IRA in Gibraltar on 6 March.

16 May – The youth strand DEF II is launched on BBC2.

30 May – Debut of Charles Wood’s screenplay Tumbledown about the experiences of Scots Guard Robert Lawrence, who was left paralysed after being shot in the head by a sniper at the Battle of Mount Tumbledown during the Falklands War.

8 June – Television presenter Russell Harty dies aged 53.

Media mogul Rupert Murdoch announces to the British Academy of Film and Television Arts his intention to launch a new news service. Sky News is launched at 6.00pm on 5 February 1989.

11 June – The Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute concert is staged at Wembley Stadium, London, and broadcast to 67 countries and an audience of 600 million. It was broadcast on BBC 2.

23 June – Three gay rights activists invade the BBC studios during a six o’clock bulletin of the BBC News.

19 July – The Bill broadcasts the first episode of its fourth season and switches to a year-round serial format.

3 August – Brookside is moved from Tuesdays to Wednesdays which means the soap can now be seen on Mondays and Wednesdays.

31 August – ITV airs a version of The Hound of the Baskervilles starring Jeremy Brett and Edward Hardwicke.

8 September – Channel 4 drops plans to invite Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams to appear on an edition of its late night discussion programme After Dark following

objections from other contributors.

17 September–2 October – The 1988 Summer Olympics are held in Seoul, South Korea and broadcast to television audiences around the world.

30 September – Television presenters Mike Smith and Sarah Greene are seriously injured in a helicopter crash in Gloucestershire.

3 October – The magazine programme This Morning makes its debut. It is presented by Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan until 2001.

19 October – Home Secretary Douglas Hurd issues a notice under clause 13 of the BBC Licence and Agreement to the BBC and under section 29 of the Broadcasting Act 1981 to the Independent Broadcasting Authority prohibiting the broadcast of direct statements by representatives or supporters of 11 Irish political and military organisations. The ban lasts until 1994, and denies the UK news media the right to broadcast the voices, though not the words, of all Irish republican and Loyalist paramilitaries. The restrictions – targeted primarily at Sinn Féin – means that actors are used to speak the words of any representative interviewed for radio and television.

25 October – As the 25th anniversary of the assassination of John F. Kennedy approaches ITV airs the two part documentary The Men Who Killed Kennedy, a film which explores discrepancies and inconsistencies in the US Government’s official version of events.

2 November – In the House of Commons, an amendment introduced by the opposition Labour Party condemning the government’s decision over the broadcasting ban as "incompatible with a free society" is rejected, despite some Conservative MPs voting with Labour.

Evacuation, an episode of ITV’s The Bill features one of the series early prominent events – an explosion at Sun Hill police station.

8 November – BBC1 airs Episode 523 of Neighbours featuring the wedding of Scott Robinson and Charlene Mitchell, which is watched by 20 million viewers.

13 November–18 December – The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, one of C.S. Lewis’s Chronicles of Narnia, is aired as a six-part TV serial by the BBC, featuring actors including Ronald Pickup, Barbara Kellerman and Michael Aldridge.

23 November – The BBC science fiction series Doctor Who celebrates its 25th anniversary and begins the three part serial Silver Nemesis.

24 November – Frank Ruse, a left-wing Labour councillor for Liverpool City Council accompanies Liverpool’s Pagoda Chinese Youth Orchestra to London for an appearance on Blue Peter. He is given a Blue Peter badge, but later receives a BBC headed letter requesting its return. The letter (later discovered to be a forgery) claims the programme had been approached by the office of Labour leader Neil Kinnock expressing concern that a councillor with hard-left views had been given a Blue Peter badge. Upon receiving the returned badge, the BBC writes back to Ruse stating that it had not sent the letter. The incident prompts Ruse to start an enquiry to find out who sent the hoax letter.

26 November – Tugs a children’s model animated series made by Clearwater Features (the company behind the first two seasons of Thomas the Tank Enigne & Friends) debuts on ITV.

1 December – ITV’s ORACLE Teletext service launches Park Avenue, a teletext based soap opera. It is written by Robert Burns and runs until ORACLE loses its franchise at the end of 1992.

3 December – Comedian Steve Tandy wins New Faces of ’88.

11 December – Launch date of the Astra Satellite. The satellite will provide television coverage to Western Europe and is revolutionary as one of the first medium-powered satellites, allowing reception with smaller dishes than has previously been possible.

13 December – Central airs the final episode of Sons and Daughters making it the first ITV region to complete the series.

22 December – BBC1 airs Civvy Street, a spin-off episode of EastEnders set during World War II.

25 December – The final edition of It’s a Knockout to air on BBC1 is another celebrity special, It’s a Charity Knockout From Walt Disney World, featuring teams of celebrities from the United Kingdom, United States and Australia. The series returns to S4C in 1991.

26–30 December – As part of a Christmas special, Channel 4 soap Brookside airs five episodes over five consecutive days.

Ulster Television in Northern Ireland is the last in the ITV network to begin 24-hour transmission.

BBC1

3 January – First of the Summer Wine (1988–1989) 3 May – 4 Square (1988–1991) 30 May – Tumbledown 3 September – Noel’s Saturday Roadshow (1988–1990) 12 September – Stoppit and Tidyup (1988) 18 September – On the Record (1988–2002) 17 October – Playdays (1988–1997) 20 October – Charlie Chalk (1988–1989) 29 December – You Rang, M’Lord? (1988–1993)

BBC2

15 February – Red Dwarf (1988–1999, 2012–present) 9 May – DEF II (1988–1994) 18 October – Colin’s Sandwich (1988–1990)

ITV

4 January – After Henry (1988–1992) 20 February – You Bet! (1988–1997) London’s Burning (1988–2002) 16 April – All Clued Up (1988–1991) 19 July – Wheel of Fortune (1988–2001) 26 July – I Can Do That (1988–1991) 3 September – The Hit Man and Her (1988–1992) 6 September – Count Duckula (1988–1993) 3 October – This Morning (1988—present) 24 November – Children’s Ward (1988–2000) 26 November – TUGS (1988–1989) 1 December – Park Avenue on ORACLE (1988–1992) 3 December – How to Be Cool (1988)[14]

Channel 4

11 January – Fifteen to One (1988–2003, 2013–present) 23 September – Whose Line Is It Anyway? (1988–1998)

Charts Number-one singles

"Always on My Mind" – Pet Shop Boys "Heaven Is a Place on Earth" – Belinda Carlisle "I Think We’re Alone Now" – Tiffany "I Should Be So Lucky" – Kylie Minogue "Don’t Turn Around" – Aswad "Heart" – Pet Shop Boys "Theme from S-Express" – S’Express "Perfect" – Fairground Attraction "With a Little Help from My Friends" – Wet Wet Wet / Billy Bragg "Doctorin’ the Tardis" – The Timelords "I Owe You Nothing" – Bros "Nothing’s Gonna Change My Love For You" – Glenn Medeiros "The Only Way Is Up" – Yazz and the Plastic Population "A Groovy Kind of Love" – Phil Collins "He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother" – The Hollies "Desire" – U2 "One Moment in Time" – Whitney Houston "Orinoco Flow (Sail Away)" – Enya "First Time" – Robin Beck "Mistletoe and Wine" – Cliff Richard

Posted by brizzle born and bred on 2018-01-05 15:38:29

Tagged: , memories of 1988 , 1988 , UK news headlines

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