#sûreté

[francepittoresque]

4 juillet 1465 : ordonnance imposant la présence de lanternes dans les rues ➽ http://bit.ly/Lanternes-Rues Ce n’est que bien récemment que l’on a su mettre en œuvre, dans les grandes villes de l’Europe, les mesures de sûreté nécessaires à leur police intérieure. Au début du XVIIIe siècle, Paris était encore mal éclairé pendant la nuit

[qhsetools2022]

Responsable sûreté et EHS

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[etgroupfr]

Dans le monde rapide et conscient de la sécurité d'aujourd'hui, le rôle des détecteurs de métaux a évolué au-delà des limites traditionnelles telles que les aéroports et les tribunaux. Des écoles et bâtiments d'entreprises aux événements et espaces publics, les détecteurs de sécurité jouent un rôle pivot dans la protection des personnes et des biens. Investir dans des dispositifs de détection de sécurité est rentable et contribue à améliorer la sécurité publique. Appareils de détection de sécurité

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[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"SUSPECTS ARE RELEASED," Montreal Gazette. June 1, 1933. Page 4. ---- Youths Believed to Be Wandering Montreal Boys ---- (Special to The Gazette.) St. Jerome, May 31. - Two suspicious youths found loitering near the local railway station at five o'clock last night, and at first believed to be the two bandits who are being sought in connection with the St. Jovite bank hold-up, were arrested and taken to the local police station by Chief R. Latour. They were questioned and spoke little English, and the police stated, refused to give much information about themselves. Chief Latour communicated with the provincial police and Detective Merineau arrived here and questioned them.

This morning at 10.30 orders were received from the provincial police by Chief Latour to release the pair. The descriptions of the lads did not correspond with that of the two gunmen. When arrested the men were exhausted and said that they had come from Mont Laurier and were on their way to Montreal. The pair were first seen by M. Lapointe who called the police. They were between 19 and 23 years of age.

The Gazette learned that, according to the description, the two men, arrested and later released in St. Jerome, Que., when they were at first thought to be the two St. Jovite bank bandits, are believed to be Roger Laurin, 16 years of age, of 4586 Fabre street, and Jean Paul Gauvin, 18 years of age, of 5820 Second avenue, Rosemount, who disappeared from their homes on Monday last.

Upon learning that the two had been arrested and finding that the description corresponded with that of her missing son, Mrs. Laurin telephoned Chief Latour and asked him to detain them until she went for them yesterday morning. By the time that the call reached the police of St. Jerome the two youths had already been released.

Last night Mrs. Laurin left Montreal in an automobile in search of the pair. She hoped to pick them up somewhere along the highway between Montreal and St. Jerome.

[hiphuman2020]

True to her elevated style, Louise Penny turns The Beautiful Mystery into a revelation. 

Minus the murder, Louise Penny took me back to serenity of my time in the seminary.

In the opening chapter, Chief Inspector Armand Gamache and Jean-Guy Beauvoir of the Sûreté du Québec are forced to leave behind their loved ones and the quaint village of Three Pines. In the twenty plus books in Penny’s Chief Inspector Gamache series, their isolation from the home community is unusual and quite significant to the plot. After a long flight to the northern reaches of Québec,…

[francoisege]

On ne peut défier la chance impunément

On ne peut défier la chance impunément

Nous étions si fragiles…     Mais Dieu allait abandonner la France… L’énergie électrique française était produite, depuis le dernier quart du vingtième siècle, par une cinquantaine de réacteurs dont plus de la moitié avaient dépassé depuis longtemps la limite d’âge prévue par leurs concepteurs, et que l’exploitant rafistolait tant bien que mal en dépensant des sommes inconsidérées pour assurer…

[anotherhumaninthisworld]

A table over Robespierre’s activity at the Convention, Jacobin club and Committee of Public Safety from his election to this last body up until his death, as given by volume 10 of Oeuvres complètes de Robespierre, volume 5-15 of Recueil des actes du comité de salut public, Correspondance de Maximilien et Augustin Robespierre (1910) and Rapport au nom de la Commission des vingt-un, crée par décret du 7 nivôse, an III, pour l’examen de la conduite des Représentans du Peuple Billaud-Varennes, Collot d’Herbois et Barère, membres de l’ancien Comité de Salut Public, et Vadier, membre de l’ancien comité de Sûreté générale (1795):

Red - amount of interventions made at the National Convention. Green - amount of interventions made at the Jacobin club. Blue - amount of decrees signed at the Committee of Public Safety. — - Robespierre is recorded to have been present at the CPS, but without signing any documents there.

Out of the 83 interventions made by Robespierre at the Convention during this period, seven were bigger reports/speeches written by him (November 17, December 5, December 25 1793, February 5, May 7, June 8, July 26 1794). As can be seen, these speeches are often preceded by a rather long period of silence.

Out of the 607 CPS decrees signed by Robespierre, 83 were also drafted by him, while 40 have his signature only on them.* The subject which these decrees appear to occupy themselves the most with is arrests (20 drafted himself [1], 19 signed alone [2]) and liberations (11 drafted himself [3]). Another 19 of the decrees Robespierre had drafted himself were letters to different representatives on mission. [4]

*I’ve here reached a different conclusion than Peter McPhee, who on page 193 of his Robespierre: a revolutionary life (2010) writes: ”Of the 542 decrees of the Committee of Public Safety signed by Robespierre, 124 were written in his own hand, and these along with the 47 others that he signed first were largely to do with policing and arrests.”

[1] On August 22, August 28, September 7, September 27, October 4, October 12, October 22, November 2, November 4, November 27, December 15, December 29, December 31, March 17 (two arrests), March 18, March 29 (two arrests), April 14, May 22.

[2] On September 9, June 19 (seven arrests), June 24 (two arrests), June 25 (four arrests), June 29 (three arrests), June 30 (two arrests)

[3] On October 29, November 4, November 22, December 16, January 18, February 7, March 18, March 25, April 14, April 15, May 7.

[4] On October 12, October 13 (four letters), October 27, October 28, November 2, November 3, November 4 (two letters), undated November, December 10, December 31, January 8 (three letters), May 14, May 25.

[i-identify-guns-in-posts]

Big autism moment! There were cops in front of me on the train, like, RIGHT in front of me, just riding the train, and I noticed that their gun wasn't the usual SIG SP2022 I see french cops with, and I thought "mmh this looks like a Springfield xd" and turns out that yeah the "RATP sûreté" is equipped with the XDM-9 since 2008. I was right.

[francepittoresque]

11 mai 1857 : mort d’Eugène-François Vidocq, père de la police judiciaire ➽ http://bit.ly/Eugene-Francois-Vidocq Nature énergique et fortement douée, aventurier hors pair dont la vie truculente dépasse la fiction, Eugène-François Vidocq, ancien forçat évadé en rupture de ban, se hissa à la tête de la Sûreté parisienne et fonda la première agence de détectives privés

[etgroupfr]

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[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"MOUNTAIN BANDITS ELUDE ALL PURSUIT," Montreal Gazette. June 1, 1933. Page 4. ---- St. Jovite People Believe They Have Caught Train Into Montreal --- POLICE IDEA OPPOSED --- Tired Detectives Think Pair Still in Woods Where They Have Proved Their Resourcefulness --- (Special to The Gazette.) Ste Agathe des Monts, Que. May 31. - Little hope that the police will capture the .two bank bandits who robbed the St. Jovite branch of the Bank of Montreal and escaped with $2,000 in cash on Monday morning last, is being entertained by local residents. While local woodsmen are of the opinion that the pair had probably jumped a passing train on its way to Montreal, the provincial police still insist that the men are hiding in the woods not far from this town and the search is being continued. All day today detectives and members of the posse which pursued the fugitives, combed the woods and later reported that no trace of the men could be found.

Sergeant Detective Lasnier, of the provincial police, who returned to the Raymond Hotel this morning after an all night search of the woods, reported that he is convinced that the pair sought are expert woodsmen who are familiar with these mountains. They have been successful in eluding the posse several times, and had probably, by this time, taken a different course through the bush without the knowledge of the pursuers. He stated, however, that the men have not left the woods and will have to make an appearance in some town sooner or later to get food. All towns in the Laurentians have been notified of this and asked to communicate with police as soon as suspicious men are seen.

The posse which has sought the two men since Monday through the woods between Ste. Agathe and St. Jovite, has been considerably reduced, and there remain about 15 or 20 men. Sergt. Detective Lasnier announced that he withdrew four of the six detectives who were with him during the search. Two detectives have remained here with the posse, and today conducted an all-day search.

ADOPT NEW TACTICS. Detective Lasnier left here this afternoon for Montreal with the two overcoats and the money which was found cached near the entrance of the woods into which the men escaped at St. Jovite. Before leaving, however, ho said that he will conduct an investigation along other lines which might lead to establishing the identity of the two gunmen. Detectives will try to find out whether any men have suddenly disappeared from their homes in the mountains, and in this way it might be possible to find out who the gunmen are. So far no report of any disappearance shas reached the police.

Local residents, however, are of the opinion that the two men remained in hiding near one of the many up grades and jumped on a passing freight train. The pair may have got on a train heading north,and again they may have gone to-wards Montreal.

Detectives conducting the search are puzzled as to how the pair were able to make their way through the thick bush without having eaten since probably before the hold-up was committed.

At local provincial police head-quarters it was learned yesterday afternoon that Sergeant-Detective Lasnier and four detectives had arrived. They were tired and worn, but the only thing that bothered Sergeant Lasnier and Detective Merineau was that they had each lost, through wear and tear, a pair of perfectly good trousers and had to purchase khaki pants at Ste. Agathe yesterday afternoon.

Questioned by The Gazette upon his arrival, Sergeant Detective Lasnier refused to have anything to say about the case except for the fact that he and his men endured many hardships during the search due to the fact that they were unfamiliar with the woods.

[chic-a-gigot]

Le Petit écho de la mode, no. 28, vol. 33, 9 juillet 1911, Paris. Bicycle advertisement. Ville de Paris / Bibliothèque Forney

DESCRIPTION. — Cadre et fourche en tubes d’acier étiré, sans soudure, renforcés à tous les raccords. — Pièces de direction nickelées, en acier décolleté. — Guidon à serrage par expandeur.— Pédalier à réglage indesserrable par bagues coniques et concentriques. — Manivelles acier forgé à grande résistance. — Pédales à scie avec entretoises. — Pignon acier laminé, modèle déposé, 52 dents, au pas de 12-7. — Moyeux à cônes indéréglables. — Jantes acier à bords nickelés. — Rayons tangents renforcés, marque “Etoile”. — Roue libre Eadie véritable, à 2 rangées de billes. — Frein de sûreté sur la roue avant. — Frein sur la jante arrière, licence Bowden. — Chaîne acier, supérieure, au pas de 12-7. — Garde-boue érable poli et verni. — Selles, 4 spires à 4 fils nickelés. — Sacoche garnie de tous les accessoires. — Email noir très soigné. Nickel extra 1er titre sur cuivre. — Poids en ordre de marche : 13 kilos.

DESCRIPTION. — Frame and fork in drawn steel tubes, without welding, reinforced at all joints. — Nickel-plated steering parts, in machined steel. — Handlebar with expander clamping. — Crankset with unloosenable adjustment by conical and concentric rings. — High-strength forged steel cranks. — Saw pedals with spacers. — Rolled steel pinion, registered design, 52 teeth, 12-7 pitch. — Hubs with unadjustable cones. — Steel rims with nickel-plated edges. — Reinforced tangent spokes, “Etoile” brand. — Genuine Eadie freewheel, with 2 rows of ball bearings. — Safety brake on the front wheel. — Brake on the rear rim, Bowden license. — Steel chain, upper, 12-7 pitch. — Polished and varnished maple mudguards. — Saddles, 4 coils with 4 nickel-plated wires. — Bag with all accessories. — Very neat black enamel. Extra nickel 1st grade on copper. — Weight in working order: 13 kilos.

[somnolancee]

'Prudence est mère de sûreté'

[anotherhumaninthisworld]

What is the whole story of the law of 22 prairial? Who wrote it in the first place? Because I've learned that Georges couthon is the one who wrote it and not robespierre so I just wanna know everything and the background of this.

Tell me about it if you can, and what was the consequences of that law that came after?

The law of 22 prairial has always been a hot topic of debate for historians, both when it comes to who exactly worked it out, as well as what the intended and actual consequences for it were.

If we start with the first of these questions — who was involved in the creation of the law? — it can be observed that the draft of it is in Couthon’s handwriting. This makes him the only person where any direct involvement in the development of the law can be truly established.

Today, this draft is apperently being kept at AN C 304, pl. 1126 et pl. 1127.

The law of 22 prairial does however share several undeniable similarities with the instruction decree for a commission at Orange, written on May 10 1794, exactly a month before Couthon’s draft was presented before the Convention. Below are the relevant extracts:

The decree for the commission at Orange

The duty of the members of the commission established at Orange is to jugde the enemies of the revolution.

The enemies of the revolution are all those who, by any means whatsoever and with any deeds they may have covered themselves, have sought to thwart the march of the revolution and to prevent the strengthening of the Republic.

The punishment for this crime is death.

The evidence required for the conviction is all information, of whatever nature, which can convince a reasonable man and friend of liberty. The rule of judgments is the conscience of judges enlightened by the love of justice and of the fatherland. Their goal, the public health and the ruin of enemies of the fatherland.

Law of 22 prairial

The Revolutionary Tribunal is instituted to punish the enemies of the people.

The enemies of the people are those who seek to destroy public liberty, either by force or by cunning. [there then follows a list of eleven actions that will deem you an enemy of the people]

The penalty provided for all offenses under the jurisdiction of the Revolutionary Tribunal is death.

The proof necessary to convict enemies of the people comprises every kind of evidence, whether material or moral, oral or written, which can naturally secure the approval of every just and reasonable mind; the rule of judgments is the conscience of the jurors, enlightened by love of the Patrie; their aim, the triumph of the Republic and the ruin of its enemies; the procedure, the simple means which good sense dictates in order to arrive at a knowledge of the truth, in the forms determined by law.

This time, the draft of the decree is in Robespierre’s handwriting (see the image below), and was signed by him, Collot d’Herbois, Couthon, Barère, Billaud-Varennes and Carnot. This, together with Robespierre’s undeniable support for the law of 22 prairial, is was has led some historians to want to give him and Couthon equal responsibility for it. There does however exist no real proof for Robespierre being the actual author behind the draft for the law of 22 prairial, nor evidence that he was the mastermind behind the law and just got Couthon to write it, as stated by his enemies after his death (see for example Robespierre peint par lui-même et condamné par ses propres principes… (1794) by Laurent Lecointre).

Today kept at AN, F7 4435, p. 3, pl. 85

When it comes to the involvement of anyone else in the development of the law of 22 prairial, Barère, Billaud-Varennes and Collot d’Herbois would in their Réponse des membres des deux anciens comités de salut public et de sûreté générale… (1795) claim that the law had been secretly worked out between Robespierre and Couthon — the rest of the CPS had not only had nothing to do with it, but even protested against it.

Is it not known to all citizens since the sessions of 12 and 13 Fructidor, that the decree of 22 Prairial was the secret work of Robespierre and Couthon, that it never, in defiance of all customs and all rights, was discussed or communicated to the Committee of Public Safety? No, such a draft would never have been passed by the committee had it been brought before it. […] At the morning session of 22 floréal [sic, it clearly means prairial], Billaud-Varennes openly accused Robespierre, as soon as he entered the committee, and reproached him and Couthon for alone having brought to the Convention the abominable decree which frightened the patriots. It is contrary, he said, to all the principles and to the constant progress of the committee to present a draft of a decree without first communicating it to the committee. Robespierre replied coldly that, having trusted each other up to this point in the committee, he had thought he could act alone with Couthon. The members of the committee replied that we have never acted in isolation, especially for serious matters, and that this decree was too important to be passed in this way without the will of the committee. The day when a member of the committee, adds Billaud, allows himself to present a decree to the Convention alone, there is no longer any freedom, but the will of a single person to propose legislation. 

Against this be lifted the fact that Barère described the law of 22 prairial as ”a law completely in the favor of the patriots” when it was introduced (in the name of both the CPS and CGS, it might be added) to the Convention on June 10, and that both he and Billaud-Varennes stood on Robespierre’s side when the law was being criticised on June 12 (albeit this time they didn’t strictly speak about the law in itself). Furthermore, Collot d’Herbois, Barère, Billaud-Varennes and Carnot, as mentioned above, had actually co-signed the decree for the Commission of Orange on May 10, which suggests that, if they had a problem with the law of 22 prairial, it’s at least unlikely it had to do with the articles it had in common with said decree. All that said, like in the case of Robespierre, there is no solid proof of anyone besides Couthon having worked on the draft.

The historian Léonard Gallois wanted in his Historie de la Convention par elle-même (1835) to give the principal authorship of the law of 22 prairial not to Couthon, but to René-François Dumas, the president of the revolutionary tribunal. This based on the fact that Dumas, according to Gallois, ”didn’t cease to explain to the Committee of Public Safety that it was impossible to legally reach all the enemies of the people and conspirators when these found defenders, allegedly mindful, who held them to ransom, or who insulted revolutionary justice.” On May 30 at the Jacobins, Dumas did indeed suggest ”not to lightly grant unofficial defenders to all those who come to ask for them” and asked ”that a decree stipulating that no unofficial defender may not be granted without the Committee having previously examined the case for which one is requested, be strictly enforced.” Fouquier-Tinville, the public prosecutor, also reported the following in his defence (1795):

On 19 Prairial, I was in the council chamber with Dumas and several jurors. I heard the president speak of a new law which was being prepared and which was to reduce the number of jurors to seven and nine per sitting. That evening I went to the Committee of Public Safety. There I found Robespierre, Billaud, Collot, Barère and Carnot. I told them that the Tribunal having hitherto enjoyed public confidence, this reduction, if it took place, would infallibly cause it to lose it. Robespierre, who was standing in front of the fireplace, answered me with sudden rage, and ended by saying that only aristocrats could talk like that. None of the other members present said a word. So I withdrew. I went to the Committee of General Security, where I was told that they had no knowledge of this work. Two days later, on the 21st, President Dumas spoke again in the council chamber of this new law which was about to be passed, and which would abolish interrogations, written declarations and defenders. That evening again I went to the Committee of Public Safety. There I found Billaud, Collot, Barère, Prieur and Carnot. I informed them of this fact. They told me that it was none of their business, only Robespierre was in charge of this work. They wouldn't tell me more. I went to the Committee of General Security where I found Vadier, Amar, Dubarran, Voulland, Louis du Bas-Rhin, Moses Bayle, Lavicomterie and Elie Lacoste. I showed them my concern. All answered me that such a law was not in the status of being adopted.

While Gallois’ account has not been repeated by other historians (seeing as, again, Couthon’s handwriting is the only one which can be spotted on the draft), it’s also not impossible pressure from people like Dumas inspired the law, especially as he was close to the robespierrists (he is listed on second place on a list of patriots written by Robespierre).

When it comes to the second question — what was the intention with the law? — the historian Annie Jourdan summarized rather neatly the different main theories that have been laid out by historians over the years in a 2016 article titled Les journées de Prairial an II: le tournant de la Révolution ? (which I really recommend for anyone wishing to learn more about all the questions asked here). Franky, I think they all are probably true to some extent, one doesn’t have to exclude the other.

The first interpretation goes that the law was a response to the two failed assassination attemps against Collot d’Herbois and Robespierre on May 22 and 23. These events, the supporters of this theory argue, rattled the Convention in general (who viewed them as part of a bigger, English conspiracy) and Robespierre in particular (see for example this speech he held about it and this letter recalling Saint-Just to Paris written in his hand, both dated May 25 and both rather panicky in tone, as well as a claim made by the deputy Vilate that Robespierre during the last months of his life could speak only of assassination — ”he was frightened his own shadow would assassinate him.”) and this ”law of wrath” to borrow an expression from Hervé Leuwers, was the response, meant to act as the ultimate instrument of defense to protect the regime. What speaks against this being the full truth is the fact that the Orange decree existed already before the assassination attempts, which, as seen, contains much of the same content.

The somewhat opposite interpretation is that the law, instead of a passionate reaction to a sudden event, was a rational response to the Parisian revolutionary justice’s ongoing development. On May 8 1794, a decree had been passed ordering all local revolutionary tribunals (with a few exceptions) be closed and all suspects tried in front of the Revolutionary Tribunal in Paris. Naturally, this had caused overcrowding in the prisons of the capital a month later, and a law which speeded up the administration of justice therefore became a servicable solution. A similar line of thought is that the law was one in a series of decrees with the aim of bringing more power for Committee of Public Safety (we already have the law of 14 frimaire (December 4), the decree of 27 germinal (16 April) and the above mentioned decree of 19 floréal (8 May).

The third interpretation is that Robespierre and Couthon wanted to use the law of 22 prairial to be able to lay their hands on Convention deputies they thought needed to be purged. The law contained an article more or less stripping the Convention of its exclusive right to bring its representatives before the Revolutionary Tribunal. This was what said representatives took the biggest issue with, and on June 11,while Couthon and Robespierre were absent, they talked about scrapping it, something that however was undone the next day when the two came back, proving that that article was important to them. Historians especially sympathetic to Robespierre have argued that purging Convention deputies was his only intended purpose with the law (see for example Albert Mathiez who in his Robespierre terroriste (1920) wrote ”It therefore seems quite likely that by passing the law of 22 Prairial, Robespierre only aimed to punish five or six currupt and bloodthirsty proconsuls who had made the Terror the instrument of their crimes.”) But if that’s the case I wonder why Robespierre also personally contributed to making sure people who very clearly were not proconsuls were put under the mercy of the law (the most obvious example being his contribution to the prison conspiracies, where prisoners were brought before the tribunal in big groups to more or less be judged collectively).

A fourth interpretation goes that the reasoning behind the law was neither emotional nor practical, but ideological. Opposing the former interpretation, where it would only have been the question of using the law against only a small number of deputies, this one argues that it was aimed towards all counterrevolutionaries all over France, in an attempt to finally exterminate them all and thus create the ”virtuous republic” Robespierre talks about in his very last speech on 8 thermidor. Against this interpretation can be lifted the fact that Robespierre seemingly protests against the latest bloody developments in the same speech (though while simultaneously asking that revolutionary justice stays the way it currently is…)

Finally, when it comes to what the actual consequences for the law were, it is undeniable that it contributed to what we today call ”the great terror”, that is, the bloody parisian summer of 1794 during which, between the law’s passing on June 10 and the fall of Robespierre on July 27, 1366 people were executed. Exactly how much it is to blame has however been debated. While older historians have wanted to put all the blame almost exclusively on the law, more recent ones have argued that bickering, overlapping and rivalries between different operative bodies made the whole system work badly and that this was the true cause of the bloodletting, and that the law of 22 prairial would not have multiplied the amount of executions had only things around it worked properly.

[ernestinee]

Je commence à avoir les conséquences positives de tout le travail abattu depuis qqs semaines avec mon système anti-procrastination et franchement ça fait du bien je suis trop fière de moi ça donne envie de tenir encore! Concrètement c'est juste recevoir les documents pour que les mutuelles acceptent de rembourser mes patients, mais comme je ne facture pas tant qu'ils n'ont pas la sûreté d'être remboursés, ça a un impact sur moi aussi.

Mes journées sont de type : 6h45 debout, 7h lever l'ado au treuil, 7h50 conduire l'ado à l'école, 8h30 retour maison et café avec l'homme qui vient de se lever, 9h productivité jusqu'à midi (bilans, paperasse , factures, coups de tel, visios, réunions, préparer les séances ou du matériel, cochage des petites cases, planifier les tâches du lendemain en fonction de ce qui a été fait...), 12h manger,ranger, 13h15 partir au bureau, 14h à 19h les patients, 19h15 courses, 20h30 reprendre l'ado au cirque (il gère seul le trajet école cirque), 21h faire le souper, manger, etc. 22h/22h30 journée finie.

Par contre j'ai lu vachement moins et je suis descendue de plusieurs ligues dans Duolingo malgré que je fais des langues tous les jours pour ne pas perdre ma série.

[psalm22-6]

Les Misérables, by M. Victor Hugo, tomes III and IV [aka what we would call Volume II: Cosette] The story now has for a heroine the daughter of Fantine, the woman who, in the midst of deprivation, was able to keep all her maternal feelings. In these next volumes there are, once again, numerous episodes and the first one is a bombastic account of the battle of Waterloo. But this episode only serves as a lead up to the theft of a watch from the pocket of a dead soldier. It is akin to a mountain which gives birth to a mouse. As for the rest of these big new volumes, there can be found within the same great qualities and faults that we signaled in the first volumes.

[. . .] Appearing alongside the continuation of Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables are two works which are themselves quite miserable; one written with blood, the other with mud. They are Mysteries of the Scaffold, memoirs of seven generations of executioners, advertised to be by Sanson and Canler’s Memoirs, Canler being the former police chief of the sûreté under Louis-Philippe. The Sanson in question is the son of the executioner who cut off the head of Louis XVI; he (the son) was dismissed ten or so years ago and who would believe it? A large number of applicants presented themselves for the terrible position which was to be filled. [According to Wikipedia it was actually the grandson, Henry-Clément Sanson, who republished the text in 1862 under the new name, due to money problems. The original text was partially written by Balzac.]  

Source: Journal des arts, des sciences et des lettres, 30 June 1862