#standing rock north dakota

[piizunn]

Dance Clubs Cannupa Hanska Luger, 2022 6 ceramic and walnut objects with synthetic hair, fuel hose, synthetic sinew and vermillion ink Photo by @garthgreenangallery

Dance Clubs is a series of objects designed to be held in ones hand for a performance which is never to be activated.

Comprised of gas pumps slip cast in ceramic, coated with a brilliant orange ink, intended to stain ones hand if touched. The visual language is based on Indigenous war clubs of my ancestors - the ceramic and hand carved wooden clubs mirror the ingenuity in creating new technology - These objects transpose power of one idea into another, they are artifacts of necessary behavior shifts and a warning for humanity to pivot from our current actions if we are to survive as a species.

Now on view for BELONGING: Contemporary Native Ceramics from the Southern Plains now at the Louise Hopkins Underwood Center for the Arts, Texas through March 23, 2024. Participating Artists: Karita Coffey (Comanche), Chase Kahwinhut Earles (Caddo), Anita Fields (Osage/Muscogee), Raven Halfmoon (Caddo/Choctaw/Delaware), Cannupa Hanska Luger (Mandan/Hidatsa/Arikara/Lakota), Jane Osti (Cherokee National Treasure), Cortney YellowHorse-Metzger (Osage)

“This exhibit spotlights the diversity of contemporary ceramics practices among Native American artists in the region, and their reflections on belonging based in particular cultural roots, ancestral connections, personal insights, and individual experiences. Curating selected works from eight Native artists, this show incorporates a range of artistic practices from futuristic and customary works based on vessel forms, to more experimental practices that push clay in new directions through multi-media installation and performance.”

(via cannupahanska on Instagram)

[federer7]

«Defend The Sacred», Standing Rock, Cannon Ball, North Dakota, 2016

Photo: Ryan Vizzions

[petsincollections]

Chickens, ca. 1930-1949

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota

Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs

Series: Photographs

National Archives Catalog

[timmurleyart]

Standing rock SOS. 🆘⛺️🪶

[divinum-pacis]

Standing Rock v the Dakota Access Pipeline, 2016. (Photograph: Alessandra Sanguinetti/Magnum Photos)

From April 2016, members of the Standing Rock and other Native American communities began to protest against construction of a pipeline in North Dakota, on the basis that it would affect local water supplies and cross sacred native lands. Barack Obama’s administration halted construction, but Donald Trump would later reverse this decision. The pipeline remains in operation today. FB

[reasonsforhope]

"Cody Two Bears, a member of the Sioux tribe in North Dakota, founded Indigenized Energy, a native-led energy company with a unique mission — installing solar farms for tribal nations in the United States.

This initiative arises from the historical reliance of Native Americans on the U.S. government for power, a paradigm that is gradually shifting.

The spark for Two Bears' vision ignited during the Standing Rock protests in 2016, where he witnessed the arrest of a fellow protester during efforts to prevent the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline on sacred tribal land.

Disturbed by the status quo, Two Bears decided to channel his activism into action and create tangible change.

His company, Indigenized Energy, addresses a critical issue faced by many reservations: poverty and lack of access to basic power.

Reservations are among the poorest communities in the country, and in some, like the Navajo Nation, many homes lack electricity.

Even in regions where the land has been exploited for coal and uranium, residents face obstacles to accessing power.

Renewable energy, specifically solar power, is a beacon of hope for tribes seeking to overcome these challenges.

Not only does it present an environmentally sustainable option, but it has become the most cost-effective form of energy globally, thanks in part to incentives like the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

Tribal nations can receive tax subsidies of up to 30% for solar and wind farms, along with grants for electrification, climate resiliency, and energy generation.

And Indigenized Energy is not focused solely on installing solar farms — it also emphasizes community empowerment through education and skill development.

In collaboration with organizations like Red Cloud Renewable, efforts are underway to train Indigenous tribal members for jobs in the renewable energy sector.

The program provides free training to individuals, with a focus on solar installation skills.

Graduates, ranging from late teens to late 50s, receive pre-apprenticeship certification, and the organization is planning to launch additional programs to support graduates with career services such as resume building and interview coaching...

The adoption of solar power by Native communities signifies progress toward sustainable development, cultural preservation, and economic self-determination, contributing to a more equitable and environmentally conscious future.

These initiatives are part of a broader movement toward "energy sovereignty," wherein tribes strive to have control over their own power sources.

This movement represents not only an economic opportunity and a source of jobs for these communities but also a means of reclaiming control over their land and resources, signifying a departure from historical exploitation and an embrace of sustainable practices deeply rooted in Indigenous cultures."

-via Good Good Good, December 10, 2023

[probablyasocialecologist]

Up to 10 informants managed by the FBI were embedded in anti-pipeline resistance camps near the Standing Rock Sioux Indian Reservation at the height of mass protests against the Dakota Access pipeline in 2016. The new details about federal law enforcement surveillance of an Indigenous environmental movement were released as part of a legal fight between North Dakota and the federal government over who should pay for policing the pipeline fight. Until now, the existence of only one other federal informant in the camps had been confirmed.  The FBI also regularly sent agents wearing civilian clothing into the camps, one former agent told Grist in an interview. Meanwhile, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, or BIA, operated undercover narcotics officers out of the reservation’s Prairie Knights Casino, where many pipeline opponents rented rooms, according to one of the depositions.  The operations were part of a wider surveillance strategy that included drones, social media monitoring, and radio eavesdropping by an array of state, local, and federal agencies, according to attorneys’ interviews with law enforcement.

[whencyclopedia]

Sitting Bull

Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka, l. c. 1837-1890) was a Hunkpapa Sioux holy man, warrior, leader, and symbol of traditional Sioux values and resistance to the United States' expansionist policies. He is among the best-known Native American chiefs of the 19th century and remains as famous today as he was when he led his people.

He is widely known for his part in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876 and his later celebrity as a performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, but, for the Sioux, Sitting Bull is celebrated as the embodiment of the four cardinal virtues of his people: courage, fortitude, generosity, and wisdom. He is also recognized for his refusal to abandon the traditions of his people and his efforts to preserve their culture. Although famous as a holy man, prophet, war chief, and hunter, Sitting Bull was also a poet and composer, as well-known among his people for his rapport with wild animals and herbal knowledge as for his leadership.

He was killed while resisting arrest at the Standing Rock Agency Reservation in South Dakota on 15 December 1890 and was buried at Fort Yates in North Dakota. His remains were exhumed by family members in the 1950s and interred at Mobridge, South Dakota, near where he was thought to have been born. Debate continues over whether these remains are those of Sitting Bull, and historians also offer differing views on his legacy. His reputation as a great leader of his people, however, is unchallenged as he continues to be recognized as a symbol of Native American pride, honor, and traditional values, as well as for his stand against injustice.

Youth & Name

Little is known of Sitting Bull's life before the age of 14. His date of birth, given as 1831, 1832, 1834, or 1837, is debated, as was his birthplace until fairly recently. He is now understood to have been born on the Yellowstone River (known to the Sioux as Elk River) in modern-day Montana and was named Jumping Badger (Hoka Psice). He quickly earned the nickname Slow (Hunkesni), owing, according to scholar Robert. M. Utley, to "his willful and deliberate ways" (6). His father was Chief Sitting Bull of the Hunkpapa Sioux, and his mother was Her-Holy-Door from a respectable Hunkpapa family. He had two sisters and a half-brother but would later adopt others as his brothers, and these are sometimes mistakenly referenced as biological siblings.

Chief Sitting Bull taught his son to ride, hunt, and shoot expertly before the boy was ten years old. Young Slow was an excellent shot with bow and arrow and became so closely associated with horses that his peers joked how he even walked as though he were on horseback. When he was 14, he joined a war party against the Crow and "counted coup" against a Crow warrior, knocking him from his horse where he was then killed by another of the party. For this act of courage – defeating an enemy without killing him – Chief Sitting Bull gave his name to his son and assumed the name Jumping Bull. "Sitting Bull" – Tatanka Iyotanka (literally "Buffalo Who Sits Down") – fit the youth's personality as, "according to fellow tribesmen, suggested an animal possessed of great endurance, his build much admired by the people, and when brought to bay, planted immovably on his haunches to fight on to the death" (Utley, 15).

Later acquaintances and writers would claim the name was given him due to his stubbornness or, according to Sioux writer and physician Charles A. Eastman, that he was given the name after forcing a buffalo calf to sit down. The name was actually given in accordance with the tradition whereby a father passed his own name to his son when the boy was recognized as attaining manhood.

Between the ages of 14 and 20, Sitting Bull led his own war parties, and his name became famous among his enemies as a formidable warrior. Utley describes him at around the age of 20:

A heavy, muscular frame, a big chest, and a large head, he impressed people as short and stocky, although he stood only two inches under six feet. His dark hair, often braided on one side with otter fur and allowed to hang loose on the other, reached his shoulders. A severe part over the center of the scalp glistened with a heavy streak of crimson paint. A low forehead surmounted piercing eyes, a flat nose, and thin lips. Although dexterous afoot and superbly agile mounted, he appeared to some as awkward and even clumsy. (19-20)

Around 1857, in a clash with an Assiniboine band, Sitting Bull spared a 13-year-old boy whom he later adopted as a younger brother. When Sitting Bull's father was killed in battle with the Crow in 1859, the boy took the name Jumping Bull and would remain by Sitting Bull's side for the rest of his life.

Continue reading...

[joshlmbrt]

Request: Gator x injured!reader. Whump/fluff.

Maybe Gator is usually an asshole to reader (enemies to lovers?) but then reader gets hurt and Gator not only saves reader but also reveals he cares. <3

I OWE YOU.

warnings; its slightly mentioned that r & gator don’t get along - but short! i was too excited to write this. a slap, small mention of blood, & a gun. i’m basing this before the events currently taking place in the show! use of doll and pretty once.

an; the photo of joe SUCKS because i had edited it 😭 so sorry for the blurry image. BUT, thank you for the request!!!! its slightky different from the request, but not much - i don’t think- but i hope this is okay and you enjoy it! if you have anymore request, leave as many as you want!!!

(also if anyone else has a request for gator - or anyone else i write for (check pinned post!) - please always feel free to leave as many requests as you want!! i love seeing your ideas. but please be sure to read what im uncomfortable writing about!)

special special tag; @hollandweather !!!

𖡡 FARGO, NORTH DAKOTA. 2018

CASPER’S BAR & GRILL.

The night was going well.

Until that one boy stepped in, in his stupid cargo, camouflaged pants, boots laced up, with his gun strapped to his thigh and the black compression shirt steps in, as if he owned the place.

Your face was set in a grimace, Andy smirking at you. His hip bumps into yours. “There’s your fella.”

“Oh,” You roll your eyes, your eyes turning to him sharply. “In his dreams.”

You made a show of gagging as the aforementioned boy sits at the bar, lifting his brows at your actions. Andy chuckles, shaking his head, curly blonde hair shaking at the motion as he goes and tends to a group at the end.

“Your drool is going to end up in that shot glass you’re cleanin'.” His finger lifts, pointing towards the mentioned glass held in your hands.

“And I’ll be sure that you’re the one who gets it.” You smile at him, a sickening, sweet, smile.

He narrows his eyes at you, slumping forward as his partner slaps his shoulder roughly. A scowl takes over his face as he looks over at him.

“Hey, doll,” Your eye twitches, holding back a look of disgust, eyes glancing towards the man. “I’ll take a whiskey.”

“Are you even supposed to be drinking on the clock?” The glass is placed on the counter in front of you, arms now crossing over your chest.

He hums, shrugging his shoulders. “As long as we don’t get plaster,” He turns to Gator. “Right?”

Gator hums, shrugging. “Sure.”

“Wow. What great sheriffs ya both are!” You place your hands on the sticky bar, leaning down slightly. “Drinking on your job.”

The brunette man narrows his eyes at you. “Just. . . get the drink. Top shelf too.”

“I can deny serving you.”

“Then get Andy,” Eric - you believe his name was, although you didn’t care - nudges his chin towards the boy dancing with a group. “He’ll give it to us.”

“No he won’t. Because if I deny you both,” You are sure to quickly look at Gator before looking back. “You have to leave.”

“I’m sure Roy won’t be happy hearing you’re denying service.”

“I don’t care what Roy says. This isn’t his bar. Now, please. Leave.” You nudge your chin towards the door, before standing straighter, grabbing the glass once again.

“You’re serious?” Gator pinches his brows

“As a heartattack.”

-

There’s a sense of relief that floods you as you lock the back door and a deep sigh leaves deep from your chest.

Andy had offered you to stay, but you told him to go home, you had it.

The rocks crunch under your boots as you make your way towards your car, rubbing your eye with one hand, before unlocking your car with the other hand and slide in.

You shiver from the cold seats, turning the car on and quickly turn the heat onto the highest setting.

Backing out and towards the exit, your eyes cast a glance towards the door, groaning loudly as your eyes land on the BUD LITE sign still on and flickering from inside.

You dig into your purse, pulling the keys out and quickly get out. Jogging towards the doors, unlocking them as you look around the dark area.

“Don’t move until I tell you too.”

Your breath hitches in your throat, hand immediately stopping after hearing the click.

There’s a deep chuckle from behind you, before heat licks up your neck. “Go on,” There’s something pressed to the back of your head. You do not want to think about what exactly it is. “Go inside.”

You gulp, pushing the door open, the jingle of the bell seemingly echoing through the bar. Your boots click against the wooden floor as you slowly walk inside.

He follows behind you.

“Behind the bar. Now.”

You step in behind the bar, eyes meeting a pair of green ones and an evil smile.

“Now. . . That drink,” His gun stays pointed up, elbow resting on the clean bar counter. “Whiskey. Top shelf.”

You nod, turning and grabbing a glass and the top shelf whiskey.

You slowly turn back, pouring half a glass and sliding it in front of him before standing back, arms to the side.

Your eyes watch as his closes in delight at the first sip.

“God, that’s so good.” He hums, pulling the glass away, looking down at it.

Your eyes stay on the gun pointed at you.

“I wished you would’ve just done what you’re meant to do. . . Serve me,” His eyes look over at you again, placing the glass down, pushing it toward you. “Pour some more.”

You step forward, grabbing the whiskey bottle and pouring some more into the cup. Theres a deep chuckle from him, watching you as you slide it back towards him. “See. You look pretty listening and not speaking. You should do that some more.”

“And maybe if you weren’t creepy, you’d find someone who wants to be with you.”

There’s a moment where you felt satisfied with the words.

Then the sharp sting to your lip makes you quickly regret it.

“Watch your mouth.”

“You watch where you throw your hand.”

Your eyes are quick to dart over Eric’s shoulder, landing on the one person you didn’t expect to see pointing his gun at the boys back.

Gator Tillman.

And, maybe you didn’t expect to see his father step inside as well.

“Dixon, get up from that stool and place your gun and badge down,” Roy’s voice causes the boy to tense up, eyes looking down at the gun he was still holding in his hand. “Now.” There’s a cutting edge to the older man’s voice that has him immediately standing from the stool, placing the gun onto the counter.

“Hands behind your head.” Gator holsters his gun, pulling the cuffs from his back, watching as Eric places his hand onto his head. His hand grips his wrist, roughly pulling them down, making sure the cuffs were too tight and too uncomfortable for him.

He pushes him towards his father, Roy’s hand shooting out and gripping his bicep and pulling him away.

Your eyes follow quietly, still shaken up from the ordeal, cheek still stinging.

The sound of the floorboard creaking behind you has you flinching and quickly turning.

“Sorry,” Gator is quick to lift his hands by his head. “It’s me. Just me. Are you okay?”

You could only nod, staring at him quietly.

His eyes quickly glance down to your lips before looking back up. “Your lip,” He points at his own lip for emphasis. “It’s bleeding.” He’s then on a search for something before he walks towards one of the tables and pulling a couple of napkins out from a dispenser.

“How. . .” You clear your shaky voice. “How did you know that he-”

“Would be here? I had a hunch. Especially after he kept saying something about you.” He makes his way back towards you, turning on the small sink and wetting the brown napkin.

“What was he saying?” You watch him.

He pauses a moment, before switching the cold water off and stepping closer. “You don’t want to know.”

You leave it at that.

Well. . .

You were actually lost at words.

Especially with him this close that you could faintly smell the cologne that he had chosen from this morning that had only faded slightly and. . .

“You know Mnt. Dew is bad for your kidneys, right?” You want to bash your head against the counter, or even allow Eric to throw another slap your way because maybe you should’ve just kept your mouth shut.

He lifts his brows, golden browns glancing up at you, hand dropping at his side. It wasn’t necessary for him to clean the small cut on your bottom lip. Maybe he just wanted to be close.

“How did you know I was drinking Mnt. Dew?” He questions.

“Well, you are in my personal space,” You point out. He really was. The tops of his boots touching your own. “And I could smell it.”

He smirks a bit, glancing away eyeing the trash can under the counter as he tosses the wet paper into the bag.

“Well, I’ll walk you out.” He clears his throat, stepping away from you and out from behind the counter.

You watch him quietly before stepping away as well, flipping the BUD LITE sign off, before walking out and locking the door once again.

He walks beside you to your car, wishing you a goodnight before heading to his own.

Your hand grips the door before you quickly turn. “Gator!” You watch as he turns quickly. Your eyes glance around before you sigh, making your way towards him. “Thank you for saving me tonight.”

He rocks on the balls of his feet, grinning softly. “Of course. Anytime.”

You smile softly, eyes glancing at the one strand of hair that had fallen against his forehead from a long day.

You lift up, lips pressing at the corner of his mouth before you pull away. You grin as you watch his cheeks flush and lips parting.

“I owe you.”

His lips curl into a soft, pretty smile as his eyes twinkle.

“I’ll remind you.”

thank you for reading! comments, likes, reblogs, and feedback is always welcomed and deeply appreciated!

[lilithism1848]

Atrocities US committed against NATIVE AMERICANS

In 2016, the US army corp of engineers approved a Energy Transfer Partners’ proposal to build an oil pipeline near the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, sparking the Dakota Access Pipeline Protests, evoking a brutal response from North Dakota police aided by the National Guard, private security firms, and other law enforcement agencies from surrounding states. The Standing Rock Sioux tribe believes that the pipeline would put the Missouri River, the water source for the reservation, at risk, pointing out two recent spills, a 2010 pipeline spill into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan, which cost over billion to clean up with significant contamination remaining, and a 2015 Bakken crude oil spill into the Yellowstone River in Montana. Police repression has included dogs attacking protesters, spraying water cannons on protesters in sub-freezing temperatures, >700 arrests of Native Americans and ~200 injuries, a highly militarized police force using armored personnel carriers, concussion grenades, mace, Tasers, batons, rubber bullets, and tear gas. In November 2017, the keystone XL pipeline burst, spilling 210,000 gallons of oil in Amherst, South Dakota. 

In 1975, FBI agents attacked AIM activists on the Pine Ridge Reservation, in the ‘Pine Ridge Shootout’. Two FBI agents, and an AIM activist were killed. In two separate trials, the U.S. prosecuted participants in the firefight for the deaths of the agents. AIM members Robert Robideau and Dino Butler were acquitted after asserting that they had acted in self–defense. Leonard Peltier was extradited from Canada and tried separately because of the delay. He was convicted on two counts of first–degree murder for the deaths of the FBI agents and sentenced to two consecutive terms of life in prison, after a trial which is still contentious. He remains in prison.

In 1973, 200 Oglala Lakota and AIM activists occupied the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Reservation, called the Wounded knee incident. They were protesting the reservation’s corrupt US-backed tribal chairman, Dick Wilson, who controlled a private militia, called Guardians of the Oglala Nation (GOONs), funded by the government. FBI, US marshals, and other law enforcement cordoned off the area and attacked the activists with armored vehicles, automatic rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers, and gas shells, resulting in two killed and 13 wounded. Ray Robinson, a civil rights activist who joined the protesters, disappeared during the events and is believed to have been murdered. As food supplies became short, three planes dropped 1,200 pounds of food, but as people scrambled to gather it up, a government helicopter appeared overhead and fired down on them while groundfire came from all sides. After the siege ended in a truce, 120 occupiers were arrested. Wilson stayed in office and in 1974 was re-elected amid charges of intimidation, voter fraud, and other abuses. The rate of violence climbed on the reservation as conflict opened between political factions in the following three years; residents accused Wilson’s private militia of much of it. 

In Nov. 1969, a group of 89 Native Americans occupied Alcatraz Island for 15 months, to gauge the US’s commitment to the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), which stated that all abandoned federal land must be returned to native people. Eventually the government cut off all electrical power and all telephone service to the island. In June, a fire of disputed origin destroyed numerous buildings on the island. Left without power, fresh water, and in the face of diminishing public support and sympathy, the number of occupiers began to dwindle. On June 11, 1971, a large force of government officers removed the remaining 15 people from the island.

From its creation in 1968, The American Indian Movement (AIM) has been a target of repression from law enforcement agencies, and surveillance as one of the FBI’s COINTELPRO targets. This includes the wounded knee incident and the pine ridge shootout. 

In 1942 the federal government took privately held Pine Ridge Indian Reservation land owned by tribal members in order to establish the Badlands Bombing Range of 341,725 acres, evicting 125 families. Among the families evicted was that of Pat Cuny, an Oglala Sioux. He fought in World War II in the Battle of the Bulge after surviving torpedoing of his transport in the English Channel. Dewey Beard, a Miniconjou Sioux survivor of the Wounded Knee Massacre, who supported himself by raising horses on his 908-acre allotment received in 1907 was also evicted. The small federal payments were insufficient to enable such persons to buy new properties. In 1955 the 97-year-old Beard testified of earlier mistreatment at Congressional hearings about this project. He said, for “fifty years I have been kicked around. Today there is a hard winter coming. …I might starve to death.”

In 1890, US soldiers killed 150-300 people (including 65 women and 24 children) at Wounded Knee (19-26 people, including two women and eleven children.) on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Twenty-five soldiers also died, and 39 were wounded (6 of the wounded later died). At least twenty soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor. The event was driven by local racism towards the practice of Ghost Dancing, which whites found distasteful, and the Native Americans arming up in response to repeated broken treaties, stolen land, and their bison-herds being hunted to near extinction by the whites.

In 1887, the Dawes Act, and Curtis Act, resulted in the loss of 90 million acres of native-alloted land, and the abolition of many native governments. During the ensuing decades, the Five Civilized Tribes lost 90 million acres of former communal lands, which were sold to non-Natives. In addition, many individuals, unfamiliar with land ownership, became the target of speculators and criminals, were stuck with allotments that were too small for profitable farming, and lost their household lands. Tribe members also suffered from the breakdown of the social structure of the tribes.

Starting in the 1870s, The US army, aided by settlers and private hunters, began a widespread policy of slaughtering bufallo and bison, in order to destroy many tribe’s primary food source, and to starve Native Americans into submission. By 1900, they succeeded; the bufallo population dropped from more than 30 million, to a few hundred. The country’s highest generals, politicians, and presidents including Ulysses S. Grant, saw the destruction of buffalo as solution to the country’s “Indian Problem.” By destroying the food supply of the plains natives, they could more easily move them onto reservations.

Starting in 1830-50, The Trail of Tears was a series of forced removals of Native American nations, including Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, Cherokee people and the African freedmen and slaves who lived among them, from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to an area west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Native Territory. The forced relocations were carried out by various government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. “Marshaled by guards, hustled by agents, harried by contractors,they were being herded on the way to an unknown and unwelcome destination like a flock of sick sheep.” They went on ox wagons, on horses, on foot, then to be ferried across the MississippiRiver. The army was supposed to organize their trek, but it turned over its job to private contractors who charged the government as much as possible, gave the Indians as little as possible. The Cherokee removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush. Approximately 2,000-6,000 of the 16,543 relocated Cherokee perished along the way.

In 1848, the California Genocide is a term used to describe the drastic decrease in Native American population in California. The population decreased from ~300,000 in 1769, to 16,000 in 1900. 

The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States, part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars. The Second Seminole War, often referred to as the Seminole War, is regarded as “the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States.” ~3000 seminoles were killed, and 4000 were deported to Indian territory elsewhere. 

In 1832, the Black Hawk War, was a brief 1832 conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader, in Illinois. The war gave impetus to the US policy of Indian removal, in which Native American tribes were pressured to sell their lands and move west of the Mississippi River and stay there. Over 500 Native Americans were killed in the conflict.

In 1832, the Chickasaw Indians were forced by the US to sell their country in 1832 and move to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) during the era of Indian Removal in the 1830s.

In 1813, the Creek War, was a war between the US, lead by the then notorious indian-hunter Andrew Jackson, and the Creek nation, residing primarily in Alabama. Over 1,500 creeks were killed. The war effectively ended with the Treaty of Fort Jackson, where General Andrew Jackson insisted that the Creek confederacy cede more than 21 million acres of land from southern Georgia and central Alabama. These lands were taken from allied Creek as well as Red Sticks. In 1814, Andrew Jackson became famous for his role in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, where his side killed more than 800 Creeks. Under Jackson, and the man he chose to succeed him, Martin Van Buren, 70,000 Indians east of the Mississippi were forced westward.

The Red Sticks, a faction of Muscogee Creek people in the American Southeast, led a resistance movement against European-American encroachment and assimilation; tensions culminated in the outbreak of the Creek War in 1813.

From 1785-96, the Northwest Indian War was a war between the US and a confederation of numerous Native American tribes, with support from the British, for control of the Northwest Territory. President George Washington directed the United States Army to enforce U.S. sovereignty over the territory. Over 1,000 Native Americans were killed in the bloody conflict.

In the 1800s, Indian removal was a policy of the United States government whereby Native Americans were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, thereafter known as Indian Territory. That policy has been characterized by some scholars as part of a long-term genocide of Native Americans. 

The Texan-Indian Wars were a series of 19th-century conflicts between settlers in Texas and the Southern Plains Indians. Its hard to approximate the number of deaths from the conflicts, but the Indian population in Texas decreased from 20,000 to 8,000 by 1875.

The Indian Wars is a name given to the collection of over 40 conflicts and wars between Native Americans and US settlers. The US census bureau reports that they have cost the lives of about 19,000 white men, women and children, including those killed in individual combats, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians. The actual number of killed and wounded Indians must be very much higher than the number given… Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate.

From 1500-1900s, European and later US colonists and authorities displaced and committed genocide on the Native American Population. Ward Churchill characterizes the reduction of the North American Indian population from an estimated 12 million in 1500 to barely 237,000 in 1900 as a “vast genocide.. the most sustained on record.

[pronoun-fucker]

“Ezra Miller has been hit with a fresh restraining order over claims the star rubbed up against a non-binary 12 year-old and threatened the youngster's mom with a gun after accusing her of cultural appropriation.

Miller, 29, who identifies as queer and uses they/them pronouns, faces a temporary harassment prevention order from the unidentified Massachusetts child and their mother over alleged inappropriate behavior.

Miller is said to have turned up to see the child and their mom in a bulletproof vest, and berated the mom for using the word 'tribe' to describe her friendship group, claiming it was an example of cultural appropriation.

The actor - whose current whereabouts are unknown - also took exception to them playing the board game Parcheesi and said it was steeped in Rastafarian culture.

Grilled by a Rastafarian woman present for further information, Miller is said to have opened up a piece of clothing to reveal a weapon before issuing a chilling threat.

The actor is further said to have pressed up against the non-binary child and even offered to buy horses so the youngster could visit Miller's ranch in Vermont, spooking the child's relatives.

Throughout the encounter, Miller is said to have had dilated pupils, leading to suspicions that the performer was under the influence of booze or drugs.

The latest drama also comes amid accusations Miller 'groomed' and then 'brainwashed' a now 18-year-old from South Dakota. It appears they expressed at the very least odd behavior toward the 12-year-old, including a promise to buy them several horses.

…

'They automatically were just weirdly drawn to me and kept talking about how they love my outfit and love my style, and kept going on and on about how it was great,' the child said. 'It was really uncomfortable. I was really nervous. I was scared to be around them after he'd yelled at my mother and she was crying.'

Miller then apologized but continued to bother the family in the months that followed, as recently as June 4 when they showed up dressed as a cowboy.

On multiple occasions, Miller made the 12-year-old uncomfortable, including the promise to purchase a horse for them, but also by hugging and pressing their body closely against them.

…

The actor also allegedly tried to get into bed with Tokata Iron Eyes – a member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe – during a trip to London when she was just 14, we can also reveal.

Anguished mother Dr. Sara Jumping Eagle said she and lawyer husband Chase Iron Eyes now have 'no idea' where 18-year-old Tokata is – after lodging legal papers for a protection order against Miller, 29, on behalf of their activist daughter.

The mom says she last saw Tokata in Santa Monica on May 29 in a harrowing street encounter after she and Chase flew from their home in North Dakota following a tip that the teen was in California with the Flash star.

Miller and Tokata jumped in a taxi after being confronted and sped off, she said.

Unable to hold back tears, Sara told DailyMail.com in an exclusive interview: 'I would say to her now what I said to her then as she was going down the road away from me.

'I love you and that I want you to be safe.'

Sara, a pediatrician, faltered before continuing: 'I would also say, you don't deserve to be in a toxic relationship where you are not being protected’

'You are beautiful and amazing. You are a shining light. You should just be allowed to be yourself.'

She said Tokata was like a 'zombie' and 'very, very thin' when she last saw her.

Chase, 44, and Sara have lodged legal papers in the Standing Rock Sioux Tribal Court in North Dakota, which contain startling allegations against the troubled star. A hearing is set for next month.

The parents claim in a lawsuit that the actor plied their underage daughter with drugs including LSD and disrupted her Massachusetts private schooling to such an extent that she dropped out from Bard College at Simon's Rock in December.

When they flew to Miller's home in Stamford, Vermont, in January to retrieve Tokata, they allegedly found bruises on her body and she no longer had a driver license, car keys or a bank card.

And when the teenager was returned to her parents' home, she fled again to New York to reunite with Miller and they have since allegedly been traveling together to Vermont, Hawaii and Los Angeles.

Mom Sara told DailyMail.com: 'During this entire time since then we have only been able to talk to Tokata three times, on the phone.

'Two of those times Ezra interrupted and I could also hear him in the background – so we weren't able to freely have a discussion.

'Ezra has control over Tokata's Instagram account, which is really the only way I have been able to send her messages. She barely replied, and sometimes I couldn't tell if it was Tokata or Ezra replying.

'Ezra was isolating Tokata from family and friends. And then brainwashing her. She is still with him. I don't know where. When I tried to talk to her they jumped in a car and took off. We have no idea of their location.

'I am fearing for her safety.’

The lawsuit is the latest legal case involving the star, who was arrested in Hawaii in April for allegedly throwing a chair at a woman's head after refusing to leave her home, weeks after another arrest for spitting in someone's face in a bar during a game of darts.

The most serious allegations over Tokata by Chase, a former Democratic House candidate for North Dakota, and his wife, can be revealed in detail for the first time by DailyMail.com.

They begin their lawsuit saying Miller is 'currently physically and emotionally abusing Tokata Iron Eyes (18), psychologically manipulating, physically intimidating and endangering' her safety and welfare.

This is 'while perpetuating intimate partner violence upon' their daughter 'after having groomed Tokata since 2016 when she was 12 years old.'

They also alleged Miller 'uses violence, intimidation, threat of violence, fear, paranoia, delusions, and drugs to hold sway over a young adolescent Tokata'.

The star 'established contact with Tokata Iron Eyes under the pretense' of helping the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe during a movement to stop an underground oil pipeline in 2016,' they say.

Miller, who identifies as non-binary and queer and uses the pronouns they/them, would likely have been filming Justice League at the time, where one of the sets was located in Illinois.

He took 'an immediate and apparently innocent liking' to Tokata and 'began to formulate relations,' the papers continue.

The star flew her with other Standing Rock tribal members to London to tour the Harry Potter movie studio in December 2017 – when they 'attempted to sleep in the same bed at Tokata, who was 14 years old at the time. Miller was 25 years old at the time,' her parents' lawsuit alleges. Miller had appeared in the 2016 Potter spin-off movie Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them

'Ezra was prevented from sleeping in the same bed with Tokata at that time by a chaperone who can attest to this as the witness lives on the Standing Rock reservation… Tokata's parents learned of this episode in June 2022.

'Tokata had read all the available Harry Potter books and was/is enamored by the fantasy/celebrity of Ezra Miller at all times during her still formative years as a young adolescent. Ezra has recently and violently abused Tokata's vulnerability and trust,' Chase and Sara say.

…

Sara accused Miller of being a danger not only to her daughter, but other young women.

'We feel that Ezra keeps being allowed to hurt people, has no accountability. We are concerned for our daughter's safety as his behavior keeps escalating. And that our daughter is there while the behavior is escalating,' she said.

'It is clear from more people we talk to that Ezra is targeting vulnerable young women. It seems that the pattern is to move on to the next one, but some of these women keep coming back, even though they have been at least emotionally abused.'”

Link

[popolitiko]

Barbara May Cameron's 69th Birthday May 22, 2023

Barbara May Cameron (May 22, 1954 – February 12, 2002) was a Native American photographer, poet, writer, and human rights activist in the fields of lesbian/gay rights, women's rights, and Native American rights.

Today’s Doodle celebrates Barbara May Cameron, a Native American photographer, poet, writer, and human rights activist. The Doodle artwork is illustrated by queer Mexican and Chitimachan artist Sienna Gonzales. On this day in 1954, Barbara Cameron was born in Fort Yates, North Dakota.

Cameron was born a member of the Hunkpapa group, one of the seven council fires of the Lakota tribe, and raised on the Standing Rock Reservation by her grandparents. After graduating high school, she studied photography and film at the American Indian Art Institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico. It was here that Cameron began winning awards in theater and media arts.

After coming out as a lesbian, Cameron moved to San Francisco in 1973 and advocated for LGBTQIA+ acceptance in the Native American community and addressed racism in queer spaces. In 1975, she co-founded Gay American Indians — the first ever dedicated Native American LGBTQIA+ group — with her friend and fellow activist Randy Burns. 

Cameron took part in various programs to promote human welfare. From 1980 through 1985, she organized the Lesbian Gay Freedom Day Parade and Celebration. She also co-led a lawsuit against the Immigration & Naturalization Service which had a policy of turning away gay people. The case went before the Supreme Court and ruled in favor of Barbara and her co-plaintiffs who made persuasive arguments for change. 

A few years later, she became an executive director at Community United Against Violence, where she supported people affected by hate crimes and domestic violence. The San Francisco Mayor appointed Cameron to both the Citizens Committee on Community Development and the San Francisco Human Rights Commission in 1988, and the next mayor appointed her to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women.

HIV/AIDS disproportionately impacted Native people in the early 1990s, so Cameron stepped up to lead the charge. She was active within the San Francisco AIDS Foundation, the American Indian AIDS Institute, and served as a consultant to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Centers for Disease Control, helping with AIDS and childhood immunization programs.

Cameron is remembered for her passionate writing and speeches, many of which are housed at the San Francisco Public Library. Her words live on through her essay, No Apologies: A Lakota Lesbian Perspective which is featured in Our Right To Love: A Lesbian Resource Book.

Happy birthday Barbara May Cameron, thank you for working tirelessly to improve human rights and for giving queer Indigenous people a place to feel safe and belong.

Native American Standing Rock Sioux Tribe

Barbara May Cameron was a Hunkpapa Lakota from the Fort Yates band of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in Fort Yates, North Dakota. She grew up on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, North Dakota, raised by her grandparents. Completing her early education and high schooling on the reservation, she went on to further her education in photography and film at the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In 1973 Cameron moved to San Francisco to attend the San Francisco Art Institute.

[markcaron]

Here is the first. The Keystone XL pipeline in response to upset citizens of Bismarck North Dakota not wanting the pipeline that close to them decided to move that proposed pipeline closer to the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe reservation which crosses the borders of North and South Dakota. Standing Rock Nation was PEACEFULLY protesting the pipeline when the "Bought and paid for by Big Oil and the Pipeline" governor of North Dakota sent national guard troops to remove the Water Protectors. The majority Republican Congress of South Dakota past 2 bills to end the rights of the tribe to protest the pipeline the Oglala Lakota Nation banned the governor.

[littlefeather-wolf]

The Standing Rock census data shows that Iron Star belonged to No Neck's band of Hunkpapa, which came to Standing Rock from Canada in 1884.

After No Neck's death in 1885, Iron Star became the headman of the band. Is this the Hunskacantojuha (Legging Tobacco Pouch) band to which Waggoner refers ?

This is a portrait of Iron Star taken by Frank Fiske in 1906, according to the State Historical Society of North Dakota.

He might be a younger relative of Iron Star.

[timmurleyart]

The old burial ground. 🪦🪶(mixed media collage)🌟✨

[teaspoon-of-salt]

BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — Opponents of the Dakota Access oil pipeline are taking issue with the format of private oral testimony in meetings for public comment on a draft environmental review of the controversial pipeline.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is in the midst of two public comment meetings in Bismarck, North Dakota, the first held Wednesday, the second set for Thursday. People wishing to give testimony may do so orally in a curtained area with a stenographer, or do so in writing at tables.

The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe has long opposed the pipeline due to the risk of an oil spill contaminating the tribe’s drinking water supply. The four-state pipeline crosses under the Missouri River just upstream of the tribe’s reservation.

The long-awaited draft environmental review, released in September, outlines five options for the pipeline’s fate. Those include denying the easement for the controversial crossing and removing or abandoning a 7,500-foot (2,286-meter) segment, or granting the easement with no changes or with additional safety measures. A fifth option is to reroute the pipeline north of Bismarck, which would require new state, local and federal permits.

the lakota law center is requesting people to submit a public comment, though they have a letter template as well.