mirandatrannzz

[mirandatrannzz]

[Week 10]

🌐  The Double-Edged Sword of Social Media: Pressure, Politics, and the Need for Collective Responsibility

Politics vs. Platforms: When Social Media and Governments Clash

The intersection of social media and government regulation exposes a fragile balance between free expression and political influence (Briggs, S. , 2018).

Platforms like Meta have faced criticism for silencing pro-Palestinian voices, with over 1,050 instances of content takedowns and suppression documented by Human Rights Watch during the Israel-Palestine conflict (2023).

📌 This is not mere content moderation - it is a calculated response to geopolitical pressures, raising concerns about platforms shaping political narratives rather than merely hosting discussions (McLaughlin & Velez, 2017).

On the other hand, corporate ambition often clashes with national governance.

In Vietnam, strict data-sharing regulations challenge Meta’s data-driven business model, highlighting how regulatory policies shape user privacy and digital freedoms (Huynh, 2025).

⚠️ These cases prove that social media is far from neutral - it is an arena where corporate and political interests dictate the boundaries of online discourse.

The Dark Side of Online Discourse: Harassment & Hate Speech

Beyond political suppression, social media’s engagement-driven algorithms fuel online toxicity, prioritizing outrage over ethical discourse (KhosraviNik & Esposito, 2018).

The case of Vietnamese pop star Sơn Tùng M-TP is a perfect example of how social media can turn public discourse into a toxic battleground (TUOI TRE ONLINE, 2022).

⚠️ Trigger Warning: This content includes discussions of suicide. Please proceed with caution.

This is the music video that sparked controversy

This is the official music video released after the scandal

🎵 His 2022 music video, There's No One At All, raised valid concerns about its portrayal of mental health. However, the conversation quickly spiraled into mass outrage.

(TUOI TRE ONLINE, 2022)

Algorithms, designed to maximize engagement, amplified negativity (Pohjonen & Udupa, 2017), turning: ➡️ Constructive criticism into harassment ➡️ Discussion into cancel culture ➡️ Concern into hate speech 

This incident highlights the challenges of regulating online content in a decentralized digital environment (Pohjonen & Udupa, 2017).

Once the backlash gained momentum, the sheer volume of hate speech and personal attacks made it nearly impossible to control.

The Sơn Tùng M-TP case proves how social media platforms can quickly become tools for targeted harassment, where: ✔️ Algorithmic amplification fuels negativity ✔️ The rapid spread of outrage overwhelms regulatory systems

⚖️ It serves as a stark reminder that the pursuit of engagement often trumps ethical considerations, leading to a digital world where outrage thrives while nuanced debate is silenced (Pohjonen & Udupa, 2017).

Beyond the Law: Collective Responsibility in Digital Spaces

Given the systemic nature of algorithmic amplification and online toxicity, legal solutions alone are insufficient. The viral spread of harmful content demonstrates the need for a multifaceted approach:

📚 Strengthening Digital Literacy Educating users on algorithmic manipulation can empower them to critically assess content and resist misinformation (Sari & Suryadi, 2022). By understanding how platforms prioritize outrage, users can make more informed engagement decisions, reducing the spread of harmful narratives.

🏛  Holding Platforms Accountable Through CSR Social media companies must take responsibility for the consequences of their algorithms. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives should enforce stricter content moderation policies to prevent the prioritization of harmful engagement over user well-being (Tamvada, 2020). Advocacy groups and public pressure are key to driving ethical platform policies.

🌱 Shifting Online Culture Addressing systemic issues requires a cultural shift in how digital spaces operate (Badel & Baeza, 2021). Beyond regulatory measures, fostering a safer online environment demands ethical platform design, stronger digital literacy programs, and corporate accountability. Without proactive efforts, social media will continue to prioritize profit over ethical responsibility.

Final Thoughts: The Need for Collective Action

⚡ Combating online toxicity and political influence is not the responsibility of a single entity - it is a shared duty. Governments, platforms, and users must work together to create a more ethical digital space.

🔍 Understanding the interplay between corporate interests, regulations, and user behavior is the first step toward moving beyond reactive solutions and toward real change.

Let's build a better, more responsible online world together. 

💬 If this resonates with you, share your thoughts below! 

🔄 Reblog to spread awareness!

References

Badel, F., & Baeza, J. L. (2021). DIGITAL PUBLIC SPACE FOR A DIGITAL SOCIETY: A REVIEW OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE DIGITAL AGE. ArtGRID - Journal of Architecture Engineering and Fine Arts, 3(2), 127–137. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/artgrid/issue/67840/1002117

Briggs, S. (2018, March 8). About | HeinOnline. HeinOnline. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/collsp52&div=5&id=&page=

Human Rights Watch. (2023). Meta’s Broken Promises: Systemic Censorship of Palestine Content on Instagram and Facebook. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2023/12/21/metas-broken-promises/systemic-censorship-palestine-content-instagram-and

Huynh, T. T. (2025). Everyone Is Safe Now: Constructing the Meaning of Data Privacy Regulation in Vietnam. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2024.36

KhosraviNik, M., & Esposito, E. (2018). Online hate, digital discourse and critique: Exploring digitally-mediated discursive practices of gender-based hostility. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 14(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2018-0003

McLaughlin, B., & Velez, J. A. (2017). Imagined Politics: How Different Media Platforms Transport Citizens Into Political Narratives. Social Science Computer Review, 37(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439317746327

Pohjonen, M., & Udupa, S. (2017). Extreme Speech Online: An Anthropological Critique of Hate Speech Debates. International Journal of Communication, 11(0), 19. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5843

Sari, A. D. I., & Suryadi, K. (2022). Strengthening Digital Literacy to Develop Technology Wise Attitude Through Civic Education. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220108.006

Tamvada, M. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility and accountability: a New Theoretical Foundation for Regulating CSR. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 5(1), 1–14. Springeropen. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40991-019-0045-8

TUOI TRE ONLINE. (2022, April 29). Dư luận phẫn nộ vì MV There’s no one at all của Sơn Tùng M-TP có cách giải quyết độc hại. TUOI TRE ONLINE. https://tuoitre.vn/du-luan-phan-no-vi-mv-theres-no-one-at-all-cua-son-tung-m-tp-co-cach-giai-quyet-doc-hai-20220429155227083.htm

[mirandatrannzz]

[Week 9]

🎮 Game Over for Gatekeeping? How Diversity is Reshaping Gaming

From Ethics to Exclusion: How Gamergate Redefined Online Harassment

Gamergate, disguised as a push for "ethics in gaming journalism," was a targeted harassment campaign designed to exclude women and marginalized voices from gaming (Stuart, 2014).

It stemmed from anxieties over shifting power dynamics - gaming was no longer an exclusively male space, and the rise of female representation triggered a backlash.

💻 Online platforms amplified this outrage through their algorithms, normalizing harassment under the guise of "free speech." Far from neutral, they became enablers, rewarding inflammatory content with visibility and allowing harassment to flourish. Gamergate reinforced the "gamer mold," framing women and marginalized groups as interlopers and discouraging diversity (O’Donnell, 2022).

⚠️ The tactics of Gamergate persist in modern online hate campaigns. While diversity initiatives exist, women in gaming - whether developers, streamers, or critics - still face routine harassment (Cote, 2020). The fight for inclusivity is not just about gaming; it reflects broader struggles over power and digital exclusion.

The Gamer Mold: Who Fits, Who is Pushed Out, and Who Fights Back

The stereotypical "gamer" - young, white or East Asian, middle-class male - is an instrument of control, upholding the status quo (Yao et al., 2022). This exclusionary identity dictates who is seen as a "real" gamer. 

📊 A staggering 83% of adults aged 18–45 report harassment in gaming spaces (Moreno-López & Argüello-Gutiérrez, 2025), exposing systemic hostility toward those who do not conform.

This structure fuels gatekeeping. When Anita Sarkeesian critiqued sexist tropes in Tropes vs. Women in Video Games, she faced a coordinated harassment campaign, including death threats, rape threats, and a mass shooting threat at Utah State University (Teti, 2017). 

💣 Such extreme responses reveal that digital platforms are not neutral but contested battlegrounds for power and exclusion (Chia et al., 2020).

Gamergate further entrenched the "gamer mold," reinforcing gaming as a male-dominated space. However, marginalized gamers are fighting back, reshaping the industry, and creating alternative spaces.

Press Start to Disrupt: How Marginalized Gamers Are Fighting Back

Diverse gamers reclaim space through streaming, esports, game development, and indie gaming.

Groups like Black Girl Gamers (BGG), founded in 2015 by Jay-Ann Lopez (Teasley, 2024), have built safe digital spaces for Black women, amplifying marginalized voices through curated Twitch streams and industry panels.

🌍  BGG is not just about representation - it is a direct challenge to the structures that police gaming culture.

The rise of such communities underscores the depth of systemic exclusion (Paul, 2018). Their existence highlights how traditional gaming spaces remain hostile, necessitating alternative platforms.

However, progress is not just about visibility; it requires dismantling entrenched power structures. Actual change goes beyond inclusion - it demands systemic transformation in how gaming spaces are defined and governed (Peterson, M. , 2013).

Gaming's future hinges on this battle (Chia et al., 2020). The question is no longer whether diversity belongs in gaming but whether the industry will dismantle the barriers that necessitated these counter-movements in the first place.

💬 What do you think?

💡 Have you experienced gatekeeping in gaming?

🚀 What are your favorite communities that are pushing for diversity?

🔁 Reblog & share your thoughts in the tags or comments! Let's keep the conversation going. 

References

Chia, A., Keogh, B., Leorke, D., & Nicoll, B. (2020). Platformisation in game development. Internet Policy Review, 9(4). https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/platformisation-game-development

Cote, A. C. (2020). Redirecting. Ebsco.com. https://research.ebsco.com/c/ln5f2k/search/details/ye2pindx6n?db=e000xww

Moreno-López, R., & Argüello-Gutiérrez, C. (2025). Violence, Hate Speech, and Discrimination in Video Games: A Systematic Review. Social Inclusion, 13. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.9401

O’Donnell, J. (2022). Gamergate and Anti-Feminism in the Digital Age. In Springer eBooks. Palgrave Macmillan Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14057-0

Paul, C. A. (2018). The Toxic Meritocracy of Video Games. Google Books. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Mip0DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT6&dq=how+traditional+gaming+spaces+remain+hostile

Peterson, M. (2013). Computer Games: Definitions, Theories, Elements, and Genres. In: Computer Games and Language Learning. Palgrave Macmillan’s Digital Education and Learning. Springer.com; Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://fsso.springer.com/federation/Consumer/metaAlias/SpringerServiceProvider

Stuart, K. (2014, December 3). Zoe Quinn: “All Gamergate has done is ruin people’s lives.” The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/03/zoe-quinn-gamergate-interview

Teasley, S. (2024, February 12). A Peek Inside Her Agenda: Jay-Ann Lopez. Her Agenda. https://heragenda.com/p/jay-ann-lopez/

Teti, I. F. (2017). Female Tropes in Video Games | Penn State - Presidential Leadership Academy (PLA). Psu.edu. https://sites.psu.edu/academy/2017/04/09/female-tropes-in-video-games/

Yao, S. X., Ewoldsen, D., Ellithorpe, M., Van Der Heide, B., & Rhodes, N. (2022). Gamer Girl vs. Girl Gamer: Stereotypical gamer traits increase Men’s play intention. Computers in Human Behavior, 107217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107217

[mirandatrannzz]

[Week 8]

📱 The Internet Sold Us a New Face - Now We Hate Our Own

"Fix Me" Filters & Fake Perfection: A Glitch in Reality?

Surgery filters have been widely criticized for promoting unrealistic beauty standards and harming mental health. One example is Instagram's "Fix Me" filter, banned due to its damaging psychological impact (BBC, 2019).

The filter mimicked a surgeon's markings on a patient's face, illustrating the process of cosmetic enhancement. Its creator, Daniel Mooney, intended it as a critique rather than a glorification of plastic surgery, highlighting its unglamorous reality (Mooney, 2019). However, Instagram's ban underscored a deeper issue - while filters can reinforce harmful beauty ideals, they are not the root cause. Instead, they reflect and amplify pre-existing societal pressures, making unattainable beauty the norm rather than the exception (Elias & Gill, 2017).

🚨 The real issue? Filters are not simply a tech innovation gone wrong but an extension of a billion-dollar beauty industry that profits from insecurity (Laham, 2020). While Mooney's filter was removed, the pressure to conform to digitally enhanced beauty remains stronger than ever, signaling that the issue runs more profound than any single app.

💭 So, are AR filters driving these toxic standards or merely exposing a system that has long dictated what is considered beautiful?

Eurocentric Beauty, Social Comparison & the Profitable Business of Insecurity

Leon Festinger's Social Comparison Theory (1954) explains how individuals evaluate self-worth by comparing themselves to societal norms (Festinger, 1954).

🔍 But beauty is not just an aesthetic preference; it is an industry that thrives on exclusion. The global Beauty & Personal Care, worth US$677.19bn, sustains itself by making people feel like they are never enough (Statista, 2024). In this economy, insecurity is currency, and filters are the salespeople, constantly redefining what is desirable.

✨ A striking example? Bella Hadid underwent rhinoplasty at just 14 (Ayoub, 2022), a decision shaped by the Eurocentric beauty ideals dominating her industry. Growing up in the spotlight, she was surrounded by a standard that favored features historically associated with whiteness - high cheekbones, small noses, and fair skin.

💭 Years later, she expressed regret, saying: "I wish I had kept the nose of my ancestors."

Her experience reveals how algorithmically curated beauty norms shape self-perception, pressuring individuals - especially those in the public eye - to conform from an early age.

Dr. Michelle Smith linked this to 19th-century ethnic rhinoplasty, when people altered their features to "pass as white" for social mobility (Ayoub, 2022). This historical parallel reveals how beauty has always been a tool of privilege and power.

Social media intensifies this struggle. Platforms like Instagram and Snapchat profit from comparison, filling feeds with filtered, surgically enhanced faces that subtly suggest: This is what you should look like (Lavrence & Cambre, 2020). 

💥 The result? This cycle fuels body dysmorphia, particularly among women and marginalized communities. However, resistance is growing - movements like body positivity, digital detoxing, and online activism challenge the dominant beauty narrative (Coy-Dibley, 2016).

Yet, the damage is already done. The rise of "Snapchat Dysmorphia" proves that filters do not just change appearances; they change how we see ourselves.

Snapchat Stole My Face: When Filters Rewrite Self-Perception

🎥 Four video testimonies reveal a disturbing trend: Women, confronted with their unfiltered reflections, express profound depression and self-disappointment (Hawker & Carah, 2020). This is not a fleeting moment of dissatisfaction - it is a psychological fracture, where the self they see in the mirror no longer matches the self they have been conditioned to expect.

For some, the solution is drastic: deleting Snapchat altogether, a digital amputation in pursuit of mental stability. For others, the cycle of insecurity continues - trapped in a loop where natural skin textures and facial features feel like defects rather than differences (Hawker & Carah, 2020).

🤳 This phenomenon directly aligns with Festinger's Social Comparison Theory - filters do not just offer enhancements; they create a new, unattainable benchmark for beauty, forcing users into constant comparison (Festinger, 1954). When social media rewards digital perfection, reality starts feeling like a flaw.

💔  Ultimately, these experiences reinforce the central theme of this essay: The internet did not just sell us a new face - it made us hate our real one. Through AR filters, beauty standards have shifted from aspirational to artificial, leaving a generation struggling to accept their reflections (Burnell et al., 2021).

What do you think? Are filters the real villain, or are they just exposing a much bigger issue? 💬 Drop your thoughts below! ⬇️

References

Ayoub, S. (2022, March 18). On Bella Hadid, beauty standards and the shame of hiding your ethnicity. The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/beauty/on-bella-hadid-beauty-standards-and-the-shame-of-hiding-your-ethnicity-20220318-p5a5rd.html

BBC. (2019, October 23). Instagram bans “cosmetic surgery” filters. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50152053

Burnell, K., Kurup, A. R., & Underwood, M. K. (2021). Snapchat lenses and body image concerns. New Media & Society, 24(9), 146144482199303. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444821993038

Coy-Dibley, I. (2016). “Digitized Dysmorphia” of the female body: the re/disfigurement of the image. Palgrave Communications, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1057/palcomms.2016.40

danielmooney . (2019). Instagram. Instagram.com. https://www.instagram.com/danielmooney/p/Bx2XdrSIc2R/?img_index=1

Elias, A. S., & Gill, R. (2017). Beauty surveillance: The digital self-monitoring cultures of neoliberalism. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(1), 59–77.

Festinger, L. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202

Hawker, K., & Carah, N. (2020). Snapchat’s augmented reality brand culture: sponsored filters and lenses as digital piecework. Continuum, 35(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2020.1827370

Laham, M. (2020). Made Up. Google Books. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sgPzDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=billion-dollar+beauty+industry+that+profits+from+insecurity&ots=AZ_Qn9qi2Y&sig=fo1J-veHSTuCngYQ0c2NacQ5-iE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Lavrence, C., & Cambre, C. (2020). “Do I Look Like My Selfie?”: Filters and the Digital-Forensic Gaze. Social Media + Society, 6(4), 205630512095518. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120955182

Statista. (2024). Beauty & Personal Care - Worldwide | Statista Market Forecast. Statista. https://www.statista.com/outlook/cmo/beauty-personal-care/worldwide

[mirandatrannzz]

[Week 7]

The Instagram Effect: How "Perfection" Became a Full-Time Job

Instagram is not just an app; it is a beauty factory. 

The Aesthetic Template: Copy, Paste, Repeat

Instagram's "aesthetic template" is not just a trend but a strategy for visibility. Influencers copy trends for algorithm success, forcing conformity and killing individuality (Witz et al., 2003).

Most European women adhere to a beauty template that favors darker skin tones, sharp and dramatic makeup, and a more muscular, robust physique.

In contrast, traditional Asian beauty standards have long celebrated lighter, whiter skin, softer makeup, and a more delicate, slender body type (Dean, 2005). Besides, Asian women on Instagram now express themselves more but keep their distinct style, which is influenced by Western culture.

💭 Confidence or conformity: Why chase beauty ideals?

The truth is complex. While some see it as self-improvement and validation, the overwhelming influence of curated, idealized images and algorithmic pressures on social media often pushes people toward conformity over authenticity (Daniels, 2016).

Beauty Is not Universal - It is Algorithmic.

Beauty on Instagram is not just about looks but about playing the algorithm's game.

Conventionally attractive women in revealing outfits? Boosted.

Gay men expressing femininity? Often ignored.

📲 Instagram boosts sexy women and ignores feminine gay men, creating a skewed perception of self-worth and societal value. When users constantly see sexy, Eurocentric beauty ideals being rewarded with visibility and engagement, they may internalize the message that this is the "ideal" to aspire to - leading to intense pressure to conform (Bishop, 2021).

🚫 Meanwhile, the lack of representation for feminine gay men can make individuals in this group feel invisible or undervalued, reinforcing feelings of exclusion and inadequacy (Carrotte et al., 2017).

🔄 This dynamic shapes self-perception, often pushing people to alter their appearance or suppress their authenticity just to be seen. It also perpetuates harmful stereotypes about what is considered desirable or acceptable, ultimately narrowing diversity and limiting self-acceptance on the platform (Witz et al., 2003).

When Beauty & Sexualization Blur

(Warning: sensitive photos included)

This is not just about 'blurred lines'; it is about the normalization of exploitation. Young people who really look up to influencers are being taught the wrong ideas about beauty and sex. They start to think their value comes from how sexually attractive they are, which is bad for their minds and feelings (Drenten et al., 2019). 

📌 BOP House, a social media collective known for its provocative and highly sexualized content, exemplifies this phenomenon (Upton-Clark, 2025). Members like Sophia Rain (6M followers) gain fame through controversial posts, blurring the lines between social media, entertainment, and adult content. This normalization reshapes user perceptions of beauty, self-worth, and online expression.

The Mental Health Toll: When “Instagram Face” Becomes the Goal

Figure 1 (Dixon, 2024)

32% of Instagram users are 18-24, making Gen Z dominant (Figure 1). The platform is linked to depression, low self-esteem, and body image issues (Abrams, 2021). BDD affects 2% of people, especially young users, highlighting social media's role in these challenges (BDDF, n.d.).

In this video, she discusses a client with BDD driven by perfectionism and the online "aesthetic template." Obsessed with perfection, the client feels insecure and has undergone surgeries since age 14 to "fix" perceived flaws.

✨ Instagram promotes an illusion of perfection, fueling unhealthy comparisons (Witz et al., 2003). The platform's focus on curated images creates a false sense that everyone else has an ideal life, pressuring users to meet unrealistic beauty standards. A 14-year-old undergoing multiple surgeries highlights how far people go to chase this unattainable ideal. 

📱 This constant exposure distorts self-image, increases anxiety, and normalizes harmful behaviors - profoundly impacting mental health.

So... Who Really Wins?

Influencers? Maybe. Instagram? Definitely. The rest of us? We are left chasing a beauty standard that was never real.

✨ Thoughts? Have you ever felt the pressure of Instagram beauty standards? Let's talk. 💬

References

Abrams, Z. (2021, December 2). How can we minimize Instagram’s harmful effects? American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/03/feature-minimize-instagram-effects

BDDF. (n.d.). How Common is BDD? – BDDF. Body Dysmorphic Disorder Foundation. https://bddfoundation.org/information/frequently-asked-questions/how-common-is-bdd/

Bishop, S. (2021). Influencer Management Tools: Algorithmic Cultures, Brand Safety, and Bias. Social Media + Society, 7(1), 205630512110030. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211003066

Carrotte, E., Prichard, I., & Lim, M. S. C. (2017). “Fitspiration” on Social Media: a Content Analysis of Gendered Images. “Fitspiration” on Social Media: A Content Analysis of Gendered Images, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6368

Daniels, E. A. (2016). Sexiness on Social Media. Sexualization, Media, & Society, 2(4), 237462381668352. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374623816683522

Dean, D. (2005). Recruiting a self: Women performers and aesthetic labour. Work, Employment and Society, 19(4), 761–774. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017005058061

Dixon, S. J. (2024, May 2). Distribution of Instagram Users Worldwide as of April 2024, by Age Group. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/325587/instagram-global-age-group/

Drenten, J., Gurrieri, L., & Tyler, M. (2019). Sexualized labour in digital culture: Instagram influencers, porn chic and the monetization of attention. Gender, Work & Organization, 27(1), 41–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12354

Marwick, A. (2013). Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age. Yale University Press. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300209389/status-update/

Senft, T. (2013). Microcelebrity and the Branded Self. https://fws.commacafe.org/resources/theresa_senft_microcelebrity_branded_self.pdf

Upton-Clark, E. (2025, February 12). Meet the Bop House, the internet’s divisive new OnlyFans hype house. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/91277825/meet-the-bop-house-the-internets-divisive-new-onlyfans-hype-house

Witz, A., Warhurst, C., & Nickson, D. (2003). The Labour of Aesthetics and the Aesthetics of Organization. Organization, 10(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508403010001375

[mirandatrannzz]

[Week 6]

🌍 The Slow Fashion Movement and Digital Citizenship: Navigating the Paradox of Sustainable Consumption

The Hidden Cost of Fashion: What is the True Price of Your Clothes?

People love their clothes, and the fashion industry is enormous, expected to be worth nearly $900 billion by 2025 (Statista, 2024a). A big part of this is "fast fashion”, where trendy clothes are made and sold really quickly and cheaply (Muthu, 2019). This part of the industry alone could be worth over $185 billion by 2027 (Statista, 2024c).

🛍️ However, is that cheap price tag really worth it? People are starting to ask questions about the actual cost of these clothes. The sustainable apparel market is set to grow between 2024 and 2026 (Statista, 2024b). In fact, a large majority (82%) of people said they would even pay a little extra for products with packaging that is good for the planet (Figure 1).

Figure 1 (Statista, 2023)

Shwopping: A Game-Changer or Just Another Greenwashing Tactic?

To cut down on clothing waste, M&S and Oxfam started "Shwopping". It is a program where people swap their old clothes instead of tossing them. So far, they have kept 2 million items out of landfills and raised £1.3 million for charity (RetailWeek, 2013).

🤔 But does it truly reduce consumption? Or does it simply make shoppers feel less guilty about buying more?

💡 The Bigger Picture

The fundamental issue with fast fashion is its reliance on mass production. Shwopping deals with the end result of this model - excess waste - but ignores the beginning. Fast fashion companies continue to produce vast amounts of cheap clothing, fueled by rapid trend cycles (Gwil et al., 2019). Shwopping does not address this, and in fact, it may even make people feel less guilty about buying more, as they have an easy way to dispose of old items.

Until the production model changes, simply managing waste will not solve the sustainability crisis. Therefore, it is unsure if it changes consumer behaviour or enables overconsumption with less guilt (Lee et al., 2023).

Slow Fashion & Digital Detox: A Surprising Connection

Slow fashion, advocating for fewer, higher-quality purchases, mirrors a "digital detox" (Papaioannou, 2024)! It champions thoughtful buying over impulse, lasting quality over fleeting trends, and mindful minimalism. Slow fashion favours enduring pieces like a digital detox, reducing unnecessary spending (Rodríguez-Barbará et al., 2022).

📵 An interesting connection exists

Reduced online time lessens exposure to fast fashion ads and flash sales, which drive overconsumption (Papaioannou, 2024). Social media's "must-have" culture fosters impulsive buys; responsible tech use supports sustainable brands. 

⚖️ However, a paradox arises…

While digital platforms educate about slow fashion, they also perpetuate rapid trends and endless content consumption. Prudent technology use is essential to prevent overconsumption (Vladimirova et al., 2023)

Justine Leconte: The Power of Digital Advocacy in Slow Fashion

Justine Leconte, a Paris-based fashion designer, champions "slow fashion" (Justine Leconte officiel, n.d.). She uses her YouTube platform to educate viewers on sustainable practices and reveal the hidden problems within the clothing industry.

One of her most impactful videos delves into the social, environmental, and economic consequences of "fast fashion", particularly in Bangladesh (Figure 2). She highlights worker exploitation, environmental degradation, and the misleading nature of GDP figures.

Figure 2 (Justine Leconte officiel, n.d.)

🗣️ Amplifying Voices, Driving Change

Leconte's mission extends beyond mere awareness; she aims to foster meaningful dialogue. In one video, a viewer shared a personal account of witnessing human rights abuses in garment factories (Figure 3). This illustrates how digital spaces can empower individuals to share their experiences and be heard, amplifying voices that might otherwise remain silenced (Vladimirova et al., 2023).

Figure 3 (Justine Leconte officiel, n.d.)

Your Impact Starts Now

Next time a flash sale tempts you, ask yourself:

👕 Do I really need this?

💰 Who made it, and under what conditions?

🌍 What is its true environmental cost?

References

Bealby-Wright, O., & Leurent, H. (2023). Shifting the needle: can we build the next generation of consumer activism and advocacy for sustainable fashion? Routledge EBooks, 203–215. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003272878-21

Gwil, A., Payne, A., & Ruthschilling, E. (2019). Global Perspectives on Sustainable Fashion. Ebsco.com. https://research.ebsco.com/c/ln5f2k/search/details/2n3j2nl7tv?db=e000xww

Justine Leconte officiel. (n.d.). Justine Leconte officiel - YouTube. Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChxkFSjTE7nLCHsDk8_pRhg

Lee, Z., Sianne Gordon-Wilson, Davies, I., & Pring, C. (2023). Communicating about Sustainability in fashion: a Construal Level Theory Approach. European Journal of Marketing, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2021-0701

Muthu, S. S. (2019). Fast Fashion, Fashion Brands and Sustainable Consumption. In Textile Science and Clothing Technology. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1268-7

Papaioannou, T. (2024). Articulating Sustainable Fashion through Digital Storytelling: Actualising Citizenship in Vlogging of H&M’s “Conscious” Collection. Springer Nature Link, 483–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59952-1_23

RetailWeek. (2013). OpenAthens / Sign in. Global-Factiva-Com.eu1.Proxy.openathens.net. https://global-factiva-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/ha/default.aspx#./

Rodríguez-Barbará, E., Oihane Gómez-Carmona, Ferrer, A., Braulio Gómez-Fortes, Kados, S. A., López-de-Ipiña, D., & Casado-Mansilla, D. (2022). The Street as a Reflective Space to Increase Citizen Awareness of Social Justice in the Fashion Industry. ACM, 276–282. https://doi.org/10.1145/3524458.3547249

Statista. (2023). Willingness to pay for sustainable packaging worldwide 2023 | Statista. Statista; Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1467292/willingness-to-pay-for-sustainable-packaging-worldwide/

Statista. (2024a). Fashion - Worldwide. Statista. https://www.statista.com/outlook/emo/fashion/worldwide

Statista. (2024b, August 8). Global: Sustainable Clothing Sales 2013-2026. Statista. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1307848/worldwide-sales-of-sustainable-clothing-items

Statista. (2024c, October 24). Fast fashion market value forecast worldwide 2008-2028 | Statista. Statista; Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1008241/fast-fashion-market-value-forecast-worldwide/

Vladimirova, K., Henninger, C. E., Alosaimi, S., Brydges, T., Choopani, H., Hanlon, M., Iran, S., McCormick, H., & Zhou, S. (2023). Exploring the Influence of Social Media on Sustainable Fashion consumption: a Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 15(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2023.2237978

[mirandatrannzz]

[Week 5]

✊🏾 The Power of #BlackLivesMatter: Digital Citizenship & Political Engagement 

Social media has transformed activism. With the rise of platformisation - where digital platforms shape how we communicate and engage (Chia et al., 2020) - political participation now happens online as much as in the streets. This shift has fueled digital citizenship, where people use online spaces to advocate for change (Theocharis et al., 2023).

But does online activism actually make a difference? Let’s take a look at one of the most influential movements of the digital age: #BlackLivesMatter.

How #BlackLivesMatter Took Over Social Media

The hashtag first appeared in July 2013 after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the killing of Trayvon Martin. But it truly exploded in May 2020, with over 1.2 million tweets per day following the murder of George Floyd (Hatfield, 2023).

The movement became a rallying cry, especially for Gen Z and Millennials. While 64% of adults aged 18–29 support BLM, that number drops to 41% among those 65+ (Figure 1). This generational divide highlights the role of social media in shaping awareness and activism.

Figure 1 (Hatfield, 2023)

A large majority of U.S. social media users (77%) have encountered Black Lives Matter content, and 34% have posted or shared something about the topic (Figure 2). This shows that social media is not just a passive space - it is where conversations, debates, and mobilization happen.

Figure 2 (Hatfield, 2023)

Social Media: A Tool for Engagement or Just a Hashtag?

Between 2013 and 2023, about 72% of tweets using #BlackLivesMatter were supportive, while 17% were neutral and 11% were negative (Figure 3).

Figure 3 (Hatfield, 2023)

The hashtag was not just words - it sparked action (Rauschnabel et al., 2019). People used it to: ✔️ Share petitions ✍🏾 ✔️ Contact public officials 📢 ✔️ Amplify political news 📰 ✔️ Mobilize protests and donations 💰

Even political figures took notice. Former President Donald Trump often criticized the movement. In July 2020, he referred to a planned Black Lives Matter mural in New York City as a "symbol of hate" (Liptak & Holmes, 2020). His comments reflected ongoing political tensions over the movement’s goals and methods.

Does Digital Activism Create Real Change?

Many argue that online activism fuels real-world action (Maratea, 2013). The BLM movement led to: 🔥 Mass protests worldwide  📢 Policy discussions on police reform  💰 Millions in donations to racial justice organizations 

What do you think? 🤔 Is hashtag activism enough, or does real change require more? Drop your thoughts below! 👇🏾

#MDA20009#BlackLivesMatter #DigitalActivism #SocialJustice #GenZ #Millennials #RacialJustice #SocialMedia #Politics #BLM #OnlineActivism #Protest #2020Election #DigitalCitizenship

References

Chia, A., Keogh, B., Leorke, D., & Nicoll, B. (2020). Platformisation in game development. Internet Policy Review, 9(4), 1–28. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205727/

Hatfield, J. (2023, July 12). 8 facts about Black Lives Matter. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/07/12/8-facts-about-black-lives-matter/

Liptak, K., & Holmes, K. (2020, July). Trump calls Black Lives Matter a “symbol of hate” as he digs in on race. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/01/politics/donald-trump-black-lives-matter-confederate-race/index.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Maratea, R. J. (2013). The Politics of the Internet. Google Books. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VZnQAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Many+argue+that%C2%A0online+activism+fuels+real-world+action&ots=3aHYtvEhVF&sig=nd1fOkgkkDMhIcjzCCdJ1R39dpE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rauschnabel, P. A., Sheldon, P., & Herzfeldt, E. (2019). What motivates users to hashtag on social media? Psychology & Marketing, 36(5), 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21191

Theocharis, Y., Boulianne, S., Koc-Michalska, K., & Bimber, B. (2023). Platform affordances and political participation: how social media reshape political engagement. West European Politics, 46(4), 788–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2022.2087410

[mirandatrannzz]

[Week 4]

📖 Reality TV + Social Media – The Fame Revolution

The convergence of reality TV and social media has redefined the nature of fame, shifting power away from traditional television networks and placing it in the hands of digital platforms. In the past, reality stars had only a fleeting moment in the spotlight before fading into obscurity (Deller, 2019). However, the rise of social media as a strategic tool for audience engagement and brand-building has transformed their influence into long-term success.

Today, reality TV personalities leverage social media to extend their reach, monetize their following, and reshape their public personas. This shift has altered the mechanics of celebrity culture, demonstrating that fame is no longer dictated by television exposure alone but rather by an individual’s ability to engage audiences across multiple digital platforms (Stefanone et al., 2010).

How Social Media Reshaped Reality TV Fame

Before the rise of platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter, reality TV stars were dependent on network contracts and traditional media coverage to sustain their visibility (Ruehlicke, 2019). Now, social media serves as a powerful amplifier, allowing them to remain in public discourse long after their shows have ended.

Key Ways Social Media Reinforces Reality TV Fame (Deller, 2016)

📱 Unfiltered, Behind-the-Scenes Content – Platforms such as TikTok and Instagram Stories provide fans with direct access to a reality star’s daily life, fostering a sense of authenticity and deepening audience connection.

💬 Direct Audience Engagement – Features like live Q&A sessions, direct messaging, and interactive content create parasocial relationships, which enhance fan loyalty and engagement.

💰 New Monetization Models – Reality TV stars can diversify their income streams through sponsored posts, brand collaborations, exclusive subscriptions, and direct-to-consumer businesses, reducing reliance on television contracts.

🔄 Personal Brand Reinvention – Rather than being confined to their reality TV personas, stars can evolve into influencers, entrepreneurs, and cultural figures by carefully curating their social media presence.

🔥 Drama as an Engagement Driver – Social media thrives on controversy. Reality stars who engage in high-profile feuds, viral debates, and trending topics maintain visibility in the algorithm-driven landscape.

🤝 Collaboration & Trend Participation – Engaging in viral challenges, influencer partnerships, and cross-promotions further amplifies a reality star’s digital footprint, keeping them relevant across social media channels.

Case Study: The Kardashian-Jenners – A Digital Fame Blueprint

No reality TV family has mastered the digital landscape as effectively as the Kardashian-Jenners. What began as a television show in 2007 evolved into a multi-billion-dollar empire spanning beauty, fashion, and social media influence (Butterly, 2021).

Key Strategies Behind Their Digital Empire

📈 Unprecedented Digital Influence – Kylie Jenner and Kim Kardashian consistently rank among the top 10 most-followed Instagram accounts, with Kendall, Khloé, and Kourtney not far behind, ensuring widespread audience reach (Butterly, 2021).

💸 Turning Attention into Billions – Kylie Jenner’s Kylie Cosmetics achieved a $1.2 billion valuation through Instagram-driven marketing, while Kim Kardashian’s SKIMS brand reached $4 billion in 2023 via viral campaigns and direct-to-consumer sales (Tappin, 2024; Frischer, 2023). Forbes estimates Kim Kardashian’s net worth at over $1 billion (Forbes, n.d.).

(Forbes, n.d.)

🧠 Mastering Algorithmic Fame – The Kardashian-Jenners engineer engagement, from Kim Kardashian’s viral selfies to Kylie Jenner’s surprise pregnancy reveal, maintaining sustained public interest (Wallace, 2018).

🔄 Continuous Reinvention – To remain culturally relevant, the Kardashians adapt to shifting trends, with Kim Kardashian’s legal advocacy and Kylie Jenner’s beauty empire illustrating their strategic evolution (Tappin, 2024).

📺 Record-Breaking Reality TV Success – In May 2024, the fifth season of The Kardashians shattered records, becoming the most-watched unscripted premiere of the year across Hulu, Disney+, and Star+ (What's On Disney Plus, 2024).

(What's On Disney Plus, 2024)

These strategies demonstrate how reality TV stars can transcend traditional media, leveraging social media to remain influential and financially independent.

The Power Shift: Audiences as Cultural Gatekeepers

Social media has democratized fame, shifting power from television executives to the audiences who determine engagement, visibility, and relevance (Marshall, P. D., 2014).

Key Factors in the New Fame Economy (Evans, 2011)

✅ Authenticity as the New Currency – Modern audiences demand transparency and relatability, rewarding reality stars who share unfiltered aspects of their lives.

✅ Financial Independence from TV Networks – Reality stars no longer need television contracts to succeed; instead, they can build self-sustaining brands via social media monetization.

✅ Algorithm-Driven Visibility – Content that sparks high engagement (likes, shares, and comments) is prioritized, meaning those who master digital storytelling dominate explore pages and trending lists.

This fundamental shift in audience dynamics means that reality TV stars must continuously adapt to remain relevant in the ever-changing digital landscape.

Conclusion: The Dual Impact of Social Media on Reality TV Fame

Social media has revolutionized reality TV fame, offering stars unprecedented control over their public personas, direct audience access, and lucrative business opportunities. However, this empowerment comes with significant challenges (Rocavert, 2022):

⚠️ The pressure to remain constantly visible in an oversaturated digital space. ⚠️ Public scrutiny and backlash amplified by viral discourse. ⚠️ The demand for perpetual reinvention to stay aligned with shifting trends.

Ultimately, reality TV fame is no longer dictated by television networks alone - it is co-authored by audiences, algorithms, and engagement metrics. As digital landscapes continue to evolve, reality stars must strike a delicate balance between authenticity and marketability to sustain their influence in this fast-moving era.

💬 Discussion: The Future of Reality TV in the Digital Age

How has social media reshaped our perception of reality TV fame? Are platforms like TikTok and Instagram redefining celebrity culture? What are the long-term implications of algorithm-driven fame?

📩 Share your insights, case studies, or opinions below! Let’s analyze the evolving landscape of digital fame.

#RealityTV #SocialMedia #CelebrityCulture #DigitalMedia #FanEngagement

References

Butterly, A. (2021, June 9). Keeping Up With the Kardashians: 8 ways one family became a hot topic. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-57343862

Deller, R. A. (2016). Star image, celebrity reality television and the fame cycle. Celebrity Studies, 7(3), 373–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2015.1133313

Deller, R. A. (2019). Reality Television in an Age of Social Media. Reality Television in an Age of Social Media. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83909-021-920191007

Evans, E. (2011). Transmedia Television. Transmedia Television. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203819104

Forbes. (n.d.). How Kim Kardashian Became a Billionaire. Www.forbes.com. https://www.forbes.com/stories/billionaires/how-kim-kardashian-became-a-billionaire/

Frischer, B. (2023, July 19). Kim Kardashian’s Skims Brand Reaches $4 Billion Valuation. Fashionista. https://fashionista.com/2023/07/skims-reaches-four-billion-dollar-valuation

Marshall, P. D. (2014). Celebrity and Power. Google Books. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=en&lr=&id=OTB0DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT8&dq=Social+media+has%C2%A0democratized+fame

Rocavert, C. M. (2022, January 1). Reality television and the change in the character of discourse. Figshare.utas.edu.au. https://figshare.utas.edu.au/articles/thesis/Reality_television_and_the_change_in_the_character_of_discourse/23247050/2

Ruehlicke, A. (2019). So you’ve been on a show: The life-cycle and labor of reality television contestants. Www.ideals.illinois.edu. https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/111880

Stefanone, M. A., Lackaff, D., & Rosen, D. (2010). The Relationship between Traditional Mass Media and “Social Media”: Reality Television as a Model for Social Network Site Behavior. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(3), 508–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2010.498851

Tappin, H. (2024, November 4). The business of Kylie Jenner. Vogue Business. https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/fashion/the-business-of-kylie-jenner

Wallace, F. (2018, February 5). Decoy cars to confidentiality agreements: here’s how Kylie Jenner hid her pregnancy. Vogue Australia. https://www.vogue.com.au/celebrity/news/decoy-cars-to-confidentiality-agreements-heres-how-kylie-jenner-hid-her-pregnancy/news-story/7227d55fd14381391f05805f57a4cf5d

What's On Disney Plus. (2024, June 3). The Kardashians Season 5 Premiere Scores Big Ratings. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3siOmWORMR8

[mirandatrannzz]

[Week 3]

🌎 Tumblr: A Space for Free Thought and Inclusive Discourse

The public sphere - a space where people exchange ideas and shape discourse - has long been a key element of democracy (Hohendahl, 2016). But let’s be real: not all social media platforms actually support meaningful conversations.

❌ Twitter – Too fast-paced for meaningful discourse. ❌ Instagram – Prioritizes visuals over deep discussions. ❌ Facebook – Real-name policies limit open conversations. ✅ Tumblr – Fosters layered, evolving discussions and niche communities.

Tumblr stands apart. Unlike these platforms, Tumblr thrives on deep discussions, evolving perspectives, and niche communities (Tiidenberg et al., 2021). Despite its imperfections, it remains one of the few places where collaborative, thoughtful conversations can still flourish.

Why Tumblr Functions as a Public Sphere

🔄 Reblogs: Where Discussions Evolve, Not Die

Unlike Twitter’s quick-fire retweets, Tumblr’s reblogging system allows users to build upon posts - adding context, humor, or deeper analysis. Instead of disappearing into the void, conversations on Tumblr grow over time, forming complex, multi-layered discussions (Chang et al., 2014).

👤 Anonymity: A Safe Haven for Honest Conversations

No real names? No pressure. Tumblr’s pseudonymous identities empower users - especially LGBTQ+ individuals - to explore identity, share personal experiences, and discuss issues without fear of real-world repercussions (McCracken, 2017).

📉 Authentic Engagement Over Virality

Unlike Instagram and TikTok, where algorithm-driven popularity dominates, Tumblr’s engagement is community-driven. Your post’s impact is not determined by follower count but by relevance and resonance within the community (Chang et al., 2014).

💬 Community First, Clout Last

While most platforms prioritize fleeting trends, Tumblr fosters long-term discourse. From fandom deep dives to activism, the focus is not just on going viral – it is on making an impact (McCracken, 2017).

🏳️‍🌈 Tumblr & LGBTQ+ Activism: The #ItGetsBetter Movement

One of Tumblr’s most powerful examples of social impact is its role in LGBTQ+ activism -  particularly the #ItGetsBetter campaign.

(It Gets Better, n.d.)

In 2010, journalist Dan Savage and his husband Terry Miller created a video offering hope to LGBTQ+ youth facing bullying. Their message: “Life gets better.” The video sparked a global movement, inspiring over 70,000 people - including celebrities and politicians - to share their own stories (ItGetsBetter, n.d.).

(It Gets Better, 2010)

📈 Tumblr’s Role (McCracken et al., 2020)

Tumblr users shared personal testimonies, art, and support networks, amplifying the campaign’s reach.

Reblogs created a ripple effect, allowing stories to evolve and inspire others.

The platform’s anonymity gave LGBTQ+ youth a safe space to express their struggles and triumphs.

When Tumblr Sparks Change: Stories of Impact

💬 Personal Growth Through Storytelling

"Growing up gay and trans felt isolating, but one day, I realized—I love who I am, and I wouldn’t change a thing."

(itgetsbetter, 2024a)

This reflects a common LGBTQ+ experience - self-doubt followed by self-acceptance. On Tumblr, pseudonymity makes it easier to share these vulnerable moments, while reblogs allow others to build on the message - creating a shared story of resilience (Brady Robards et al., 2022).

😂 Humor as a Coping Mechanism

"In middle school, I tried to convince myself I wasn’t gay by deciding I would 'only be gay at night.' Spoiler: it didn’t work."

(itgetsbetter, 2024b)

Humor is a powerful tool for processing identity struggles. Tumblr’s culture embraces storytelling through humor, making tough experiences relatable and engaging (McCracken et al., 2020). Through reblogs and tags, this post sparks solidarity, laughter, and meaningful conversations.

The Takeaway

Despite its flaws - such as insular subcultures and limited content discovery - Tumblr remains one of the few platforms where deep conversations, identity exploration, and activism thrive.

Let’s Talk

💬 How has Tumblr influenced your understanding of LGBTQ+ activism? 💬 Do you think Tumblr fosters better discussions than other platforms? 💬 What’s an example of Tumblr’s impact on a social movement that stood out to you?

Reblog, add your thoughts, or start a new thread - because Tumblr was made for this.

#MDA20009#Tumblr #DigitalPublicSphere #LGBTQActivism #SocialMedia #CommunityBuilding #ItGetsBetter

References

Brady Robards, B. P., & D’Souza, S. (2022). The Oxford Handbook of Digital Media Sociology. Google Books. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=en&lr=&id=JgKEEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA339&dq=Tumblr+role+in+LGBTQ%2B&ots=Vo19CpjxiV&sig=rSlcHwXuiGpB6N1JUfBs4Dg0fDs&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Tumblr%20role%20in%20LGBTQ%2B&f=false

Chang, Y., Tang, L., Inagaki, Y., & Liu, Y. (2014). What is Tumblr. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 16(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/2674026.2674030

Hohendahl, P.U. (2016). 7 Critical Theory, Public Sphere, and Culture: Jürgen Habermas and His Critics. In Cornell University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1353/book.46092

It Gets Better. (n.d.). Tumblr. https://itgetsbetter.tumblr.com

It Gets Better. (2010). It Gets Better: Dan and Terry. Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IcVyvg2Qlo

Itgetsbetter. (n.d.). About. It Gets Better. Retrieved February 16, 2025, from https://itgetsbetter.org/about/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

itgetsbetter. (2024a). Blocked Page. Instagram.com. https://www.instagram.com/itgetsbetter/p/C1mhqlqgmj6/

itgetsbetter. (2024b). It Gets Better on Instagram: “Just manifesting this for you on this Monday morning. Sometimes all it takes is time. 💜 #itgetsbetter #tumblr #queermemes.” Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/itgetsbetter/p/C2sHFRXgi0L/

McCracken, A. (2017). Tumblr Youth Subcultures and Media Engagement. Cinema Journal, 57(1), 151–161. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44867867

McCracken, A., Cho, A., Stein, L., & Hoch, I. N. (2020). a tumblr book. University of Michigan Press. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Tumblr+role+in+LGBTQ%2B&btnG=

Tiidenberg, K., Hendry, N. A., & Abidin, C. (2021). Tumblr. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dyY_EAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT4&dq=Tumblr&ots=shnFKRQzWD&sig=faLCY19dy_0V4E1mk9H7pzJ-zw0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Tumblr&f=false