sciencetopics

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Working principle behind 0G and 1G communication!

Mobile generations are the improvement in cellular technology in different periods. The cellular connection is the method of transfer of signals from one point to another via electromagnetic radiation (Wireless communication). These radiations are produced by the acceleration of the charged particles, which eliminates the need for a complex wired system. These breakthroughs in the generations were paved by the invention of the telegraph in 1843 by Samuel Morse in Washington DC. It was the first electrical instrument used for wireless communication. By using this system, radio waves are produced at a specific pattern using dots and dashes.  You can find more about this topic in the below article,

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How Card transaction works?

Payment cards are rectangular plastic piece which has some sensitive numbers on them. These cards will be directly linked to our bank account. By using this card we can easily transact the amount online, without even going to the bank and withdrawing the money. These cards were used in different places like Point of Sale (PoS), online, and ATMs.  In this article, we will look at the card transaction process taking place in PoS machines and online.

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Types of Retail Payment System

Retail payments are the type of payments, which is used for transacting smaller amounts in a country. Even though it is used for transacting very smaller amounts of payment, it is used by a large number of people in shopping, paying utility bills, entertainment, etc. The major categories of Retail payment systems are Paper-based systems and Electronic based systems.

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What is a Wire transfer (Large Value Payment System)?

The Wire transfer is basically a type of Electronic fund transfer that makes the movement of money wirelessly and spontaneously. It can be simplified as a direct bank-to-bank transfer either domestically or internationally. For domestic transactions, each country uses its own wire transfer methods. One of the important country-based wire transfer services is RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement), which involves secure and fast transactions of the amount over the country.

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Election process in India

The Indian Parliament (Central Government) is a type of Bicameral legislature (law-making body). This is the place, where laws are made and converted into an amendment in the constitution, through the decision of the people in it. The word “Bicameral” means the legislature is split into two parts (houses). In Indian parliament, it is called as Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. 

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Electromagnetic Spectrum and its types!

An electromagnetic field is a combination of both electric and magnetic fields. Every particle has a charge which makes it to have an electric field around it. This electric field is produced from charged particles like protons and electrons. This electric field surrounds the charged particle as long as the particle possesses the charge. The magnetic field is produced when the charged particles are in motion, such that all the charged particle points in the same direction and constitute the magnetic field. A moving charged particle also creates an electric field in combination with the magnetic field, thus producing together as an electromagnetic field.

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How a South Asian monsoon occurs (Southwest and Northeast)?

The monsoon is one of the seasonal winds that bring a huge amount of rain over the tropical regions during a particular season. The monsoon winds happen over in many regions of the world like South Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific coast of Central America. Among all these, the most noticeable monsoon that brings a dramatic change in the South Asian monsoon (Indian Monsoon) which majorly affects the climate of India. It is mainly carried out by the temperature difference between land and sea.

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Jet streams| Types of Jet streams| Effect of Jet Streams on weather

Jet streams are fast-flowing winds that circulate over the globe at a higher atmosphere. The major jet streams that form via the global air circulation are subtropical jet streams and polar jet streams. The subtropical jet stream originates at the subtropical region, and the polar jet stream originates at the subpolar region. These jet streams are permanent winds that exist in both the northern and the southern hemispheres, and flow around the globe all around the year. The main thing that is necessary for the formation of the jet stream is two different kinds of temperature and a little bit of spin.

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How money creation is done in the economy? (PART-2- Open Market Operation)

The central bank introduces new money in the economy through the process of Open Market Operations. It is the type of operation in which the central bank buys or sells bonds (government securities) to and from the government via other financial institutions (mostly commercial banks) to increase the money supply in the economy. To know more about the working of Open Market Operations, please visit the below link,

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How money creation is done in the economy? (PART-1- Commercial Banks)

Commercial banks create money through the process of loans. The method of issuing loans is classified as Fractional Reserve Banking and Interbank Lending. This is done when the banks want to increase the money supply in circulation which in turn creates money for the banks. Please visit the below link to know about the process of money creation with a clear diagrammatic explanation,

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Construction and working principle of Nuclear based thermal power plant!

The nuclear power plant uses Uranium (U) as its main fuel. Uranium is so powerful that 1kg of Uranium is equivalent to 4500 tons of high-grade coal or 1700 tons of oil. Also, the average production cost for the production of electricity through nuclear power is 1.2/kWh, while in gas, it is 2.27/kWh. Nuclear power plant generally works by splitting of the uranium atom, which creates huge amount of energy. To know more about the process of nuclear power plant, please visit the below link.

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How does a Quartz Watch Works?

Quartz watch purely depends upon the electrical signals in turning up a motor to move the second's hand. The main target is to move the second's hand at a certain speed, which makes the minute's and hour's hand to move at a correct pace. In quartz watches, this is made to done by a series combination of gears, electromagnets, and quartz material, which makes the name quartz watch. To know more about the operation, please visit the below link.

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What is Global Air Circulation and how does it work?

Air circulation is one of the prominent features of the Earth. It is the type of circulation that happens when there is an uneven distribution of temperature. For example, when there is more heat in one place and more cold in another place, there will be movement of air between these two places to balance the heat. This is the same principle as the process of wind formation, but on a larger scale. To know more about the formation, please visit the below link.

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Seasons of Earth (Solstice and Equinox)

Our earth mainly encounters four seasons, namely summer, winter, spring, and autumn. These seasons are commonly called as temperate seasons. Even though there are four seasons, some locations particularly near the equatorial regions experience different seasons as the rainy season, on behalf of winter. These seasons mainly occur due to the apparent movement of the earth with respect to the sun. To know more about their principle of occurrence, please visit the below link.

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Origin of Paper Currency!

Paper currency was made into circulation, when the gold coins were too risky and too heavy to carry. So deposit method was announced where people can deposit their money in exchange for a paper that is backed up to their gold. So whoever the people having the paper currency, can exchange it with the gold deposited. What an ingenious method! To know more about the answer please visit the below link,

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Contribution of different factors to the economic growth of a country!

The economic growth of a country is mainly determined by the country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) which in turn is determined through consumer spending To know more about the factors contributing to the economic growth of a country, please visit the below link,

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Various types of Twins

Fertilization is the process, where a sperm meets the egg, and brings a new life. But it needs to be considered, that how a sperm fertilizes the egg and how a baby is born. A baby can be born as single if only one sperm fertilizes the ovum and that ovum makes its journey without dividing. But there are several possibilities in which fertilization can occur. To know about the various possibilities, please visit the below link.