#British Viceroy

[jannattravelguruhp]

Visit Places In Dalhousie #travel #shortsvideo

Dalhousie is a picturesque hill station located in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Nestled amidst the Dhauladhar mountain range, Dalhousie is known for its scenic beauty, colonial architecture, and a serene atmosphere. Here's a brief description: Dalhousie, a charming hill station perched in the lap of the Dhauladhar range, captivates visitors with its tranquil ambiance and breathtaking landscapes. Named after the British Viceroy Lord Dalhousie, the town exudes a colonial charm with its well-preserved architecture and lush greenery. Stroll through the Mall Road to explore quaint shops and cafes, or visit the St. John's Church, showcasing colonial-era architecture. The town offers panoramic views of snow-capped peaks, dense forests, and meandering streams, making it a haven for nature lovers. With its pleasant weather, Dalhousie is a popular retreat for those seeking respite from the hustle and bustle of city life. From the viewpoints like Panchpula and Khajjiar to the historical Dalhousie Cantt, each corner of this hill station tells a tale of its colonial past and natural beauty. Whether you're an adventure enthusiast or someone seeking peace in the mountains, Dalhousie promises an enchanting experience. Explore the stunning landscapes of Himachal Pradesh with Jannat Travel Guru Tour and Travel Agency! We specialize in crafting unforgettable Himachal tour packages and providing valuable information about the must-visit tourist destinations in this Himalayan paradise. 🌄 Himachal Tour Packages 🌄 Discover the beauty of Himachal with our meticulously designed tour packages. Whether you're seeking adventure, tranquility, or cultural experiences, we have a package to suit your preferences. From the picturesque hill stations of Shimla, Manali, and Dharamshala to the enchanting valleys of Kinnaur and Spiti, we've got it all covered. 🗺️ Tourist Places Information 🗺️ Planning your Himachal getaway is easier than ever with Jannat Travel Guru. We provide detailed information on the best tourist places, including historical sites, temples, adventure spots, and local attractions. Our goal is to help you make the most of your visit by offering insights into each destination.

[trexalicious]

OMF'INGG!!! Exclusive from River...I can sooooo believe H expecting to be Viceroy!

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1742 – Handel’s Messiah is performed for the first time, conducted by the composer, at Mr. Neale’s Great Music Hall, Fishamble Street, Dublin, before an audience of 700.

George Frideric Handel (who had lived in London for many years) decided to visit Dublin. He also had received an invitation from the British Viceroy of Ireland, the Duke of Devonshire in Dublin.  At the time, Handel apparently was somewhat discontented with recent London reviews and with the treatment of some of his works, as a result he decided to visit Ireland. He had completed writing a new…

[forkaround]

I don't even know what Indian school are teaching or what even the point is... I learned from a white guy that something called The Indian Ocean Trade Route existed that connected coasts of Africa, Egypt and the Arabian world to India and other Asian countries including China. It was just as important as The Silk Road. In like - everything. But in 23 years of living in India - Never heard of it.

[mysterioushimachal]

The Story Behind Naldehra: Origin and History of Shimla’s Iconic Destination

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"EGYPT (THE RIVAL ENCHANTRESSES) INDIA." Toronto Star. December 15, 1913. Page 3. ---- Lord Kitchener's dilemma, as seen by the artist of the London Graphic. A rumor is abroad that Kitchener is to succeed Viscount Hardinge as Viceroy of India. The gallant Kitch will find it a trying ordeal to choose between fields, in both of which he has made separate and splendid reputations. two The theory is that the British Government feels the need of Kitchener's strong presence in India, during this time when the Hindoos are restive under the expulsion of their fellow-countrymen from Canada and South Africa.

[evilsoup]

something i periodically think about is how child sex abuse in public schools (for some reason the name which we give to the fee-paying schools which rich people send their kids to, i assume it was originally as distinguished from "private tuition") is a running joke across british culture, it's an established thing that at least traditionally ruling class boys of the british empire would spend some years "fagging" for slightly-older kids and getting touched up by old bastard teachers. And i think about this not only because of the horror of the thing itself but because like this is how the officers, viceroys, governors, etc, of the empire were raised -- this is how you create the kind of person who is willing to strap rebellious indians to cannons and blow them apart and so on. torment nexus designed to produce brutes.

[mapsontheweb]

The evolution of the Spanish West Indian Empire

« Atlas histórico de España », Jordi Induráin Pons, Larousse, 2021

by cartesdhistoire

In the 18th century, Spanish America was firmly established: the conquest phase having been completed, pacification opened the way to a reorganization of the administration of this immense territory. It was necessary to take into account the evolution of the population (since the law of 1514 allowing marriage between Spaniards and Indians, interbreeding was the central axis) and the rapid integration of the Río de la Plata to the south. Furthermore, the rise of the English and French Caribbean islands encouraged Spain to see its own islands as something other than naval relays to the continent.

The real administrative structure was the urban network, which allowed the Spaniards to immediately have control of the territory. Cities were political, administrative and religious centers, defensive sites and points of convergence for commercial and economic activities. They were created at the outlets of rich agricultural lands, most often at altitude to avoid tropical diseases, even if commercial necessities sometimes led to exceptions, as for Lima, built at sea level.

The plan of these new towns followed the same logic: a central square, with the church, the palace of the governor or viceroy, the town hall, seat of municipal power. The checkerboard plan structured the city. According to the Castilian model, the municipal power representing the local elites, the “cabildo”, was elected. Urban power was, throughout the colonial era, a center of passive resistance to distant injunctions from central power. Richly decorated, with public and private buildings of grandiose architecture, Spanish cities were incomparably more luxurious than their British or French counterparts in America. Montreal, Philadelphia or Cap-Français could not compare to the splendors of Bogotá, Caracas and even less so with Havana and Cartagena de Indias.

[whencyclopedia]

Delhi Durbar

The Delhi Durbar was a spectacular public event held in India to commemorate the accession of a new British monarch to the title Empress or Emperor of India. Three Delhi Durbars were held: 1877, 1903, and 1911. The event involved military processions, elephants, and magnificent carriages, as well as a host of rulers of the Indian princely states paying homage to the British Crown in recognition of its sovereignty over large parts of the subcontinent.

Queen Victoria (r. 1837-1901) did not attend the 1877 Delhi Durbar in person but was represented by the viceroy. Similarly, in the 1903 durbar, another viceroy represented King Edward VII (r. 1900-1910). The 1911 durbar was the most spectacular of all as King George V (r. 1910-1936) attended the event in person.

The Durbar Tradition

Spectacular gatherings of semi-independent or vassal rulers in order to pay homage to an emperor were a regular feature of the Mughal Empire (1526-1857) in India. These ceremonies were held at the royal court or durbar, and so that name became associated with the public act of homage performed by vassal rulers. In the royal palace in Delhi (today known as the Red Fort), the multitude of subordinate rulers gathered in a great open courtyard festooned with coloured awnings and wall hangings while, in the centre, the Mughal emperor awaited their homage of loyalty. The emperor sat majestically on the Peacock Throne, "a stunning construction of gold and jewels surmounted by a golden arch and topped by two gilded peacocks, birds of allegedly incorruptible flesh which may have symbolised not only the splendour of the Mughals but also their durability" (James, 4). The Mughal durbars not only displayed the emperor's power and his subject's obedience but were also an occasion to hear opinions from experienced rulers, to catch up on events in the far corners of the empire, and to settle any disputes or matters of justice between vassal rulers.

The British took on this double idea of power display and receiving homage from allied rulers. Delhi, the capital of the Mughal Empire in India, seemed a suitable location as it would involve a strong propaganda message "of complete British assumption of the symbolic and real power once held by the Mughal emperors" (Barrow, 126). Calcutta (Kolkata) was the other choice since this had long been the main centre of the East India Company, whose territories the British Crown and government took over in 1858. Calcutta was also made the capital of the British Raj (rule) in India. In 1911, however, Delhi replaced Calcutta in this role. For the durbars, though, Delhi was the choice for all three events. To demonstrate to the Indian rulers just why they were paying homage to the British Crown, the British version of the durbar involved a huge display of the empire's military might.

Continue reading...

[desimonewayland]

Chandeliers designed by Edwin Lutyens for the nursery of the Viceroy’s house in New Delhi, 1931

Collection of Royal Institute of British Architects 

[dailyanarchistposts]

To The Punjab Governor

Sir, With due respect we beg to bring to your kind notice the following:

That we were sentenced to death on 7th October 1930 by a British Court, L.C.C Tribunal, constituted under the Sp. Lahore Conspiracy Case Ordinance, promulgated by the H.E. The Viceroy, the Head of the British Government of India, and that the main charge against us was that of having waged war against H.M. King George, the King of England.

The above-mentioned finding of the Court pre-supposed two things:

Firstly, that there exists a state of war between the British Nation and the Indian Nation and, secondly, that we had actually participated in that war and were therefore war prisoners.

The second pre-supposition seems to be a little bit flattering, but nevertheless it is too tempting to resist the desire of acquiescing in it.

As regards the first, we are constrained to go into some detail. Apparently there seems to be no such war as the phrase indicates. Nevertheless, please allow us to accept the validity of the pre-supposition taking it at its face value. But in order to be correctly understood we must explain it further. Let us declare that the state of war does exist and shall exist so long as the Indian toiling masses and the natural resources are being exploited by a handful of parasites. They may be purely British Capitalist or mixed British and Indian or even purely Indian. They may be carrying on their insidious exploitation through mixed or even on purely Indian bureaucratic apparatus. All these things make no difference. No matter, if your Government tries and succeeds in winning over the leaders of the upper strata of the Indian Society through petty concessions and compromises and thereby cause a temporary demoralization in the main body of the forces. No matter, if once again the vanguard of the Indian movement, the Revolutionary Party, finds itself deserted in the thick of the war. No matter if the leaders to whom personally we are much indebted for the sympathy and feelings they expressed for us, but nevertheless we cannot overlook the fact that they did become so callous as to ignore and not to make a mention in the peace negotiation of even the homeless, friendless and penniless of female workers who are alleged to be belonging to the vanguard and whom the leaders consider to be enemies of their utopian non-violent cult which has already become a thing of the past; the heroines who had ungrudgingly sacrificed or offered for sacrifice their husbands, brothers, and all that were nearest and dearest to them, including themselves, whom your government has declared to be outlaws. No matter, it your agents stoop so low as to fabricate baseless calumnies against their spotless characters to damage their and their party’s reputation. The war shall continue.

It may assume different shapes at different times. It may become now open, now hidden, now purely agitational, now fierce life and death struggle. The choice of the course, whether bloody or comparatively peaceful, which it should adopt rests with you. Choose whichever you like. But that war shall be incessantly waged without taking into consideration the petty (illegible) and the meaningless ethical ideologies. It shall be waged ever with new vigour, greater audacity and unflinching determination till the Socialist Republic is established and the present social order is completely replaced by a new social order, based on social prosperity and thus every sort of exploitation is put an end to and the humanity is ushered into the era of genuine and permanent peace. In the very near future the final battle shall be fought and final settlement arrived at.

The days of capitalist and imperialist exploitation are numbered. The war neither began with us nor is it going to end with our lives. It is the inevitable consequence of the historic events and the existing environments. Our humble sacrifices shall be only a link in the chain that has very accurately been beautified by the unparalleled sacrifice of Mr. Das and most tragic but noblest sacrifice of Comrade Bhagawati Charan and the glorious death of our dear warrior Azad.

As to the question of our fates, please allow us to say that when you have decided to put us to death, you will certainly do it. You have got the power in your hands and the power is the greatest justification in this world. We know that the maxim “Might is right” serves as your guiding motto. The whole of our trial was just a proof of that. We wanted to point out that according to the verdict of your court we had waged war and were therefore war prisoners. And we claim to be treated as such, i.e., we claim to be shot dead instead of to be hanged. It rests with you to prove that you really meant what your court has said.

We request and hope that you will very kindly order the military department to send its detachment to perform our execution.

Yours

BHAGAT SINGH

[workingclasshistory]

On this day, 23 March 1931, Indian revolutionary socialists Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar were executed by British colonial authorities in what is now Punjab, Pakistan. They had been sentenced to death for assassinating a senior British police officer in 1928, to avenge the police killing of Lala Lajpat Rai during an anti-colonial demonstration. While they opposed British colonialism, rather than narrow nationalism they advocated working class revolution against both British and Indian capitalists. They were all just 22-23 years old. Singh commented: "They may kill me, but they cannot kill my ideas. They can crush my body, but they will not be able to crush my spirit". In the wake of their conviction, Mohandas Gandhi appealed to the Viceroy of India to commute their sentences, but he also appealed to huge crowds not to take action to secure their release, as he had signed a truce agreement with authorities. After they were executed, Gandhi was greeted by a crowd he described as "incensed" flying black flags and shouting “Gandhi go back”, “Down with Gandhism”, “Gandhi's truce has sent Bhagat Singh to gallows” and “Long live Bhagat Singh”. After their deaths, Bhagat Singh in particular became a national hero. More information, sources and map: https://stories.workingclasshistory.com/article/9583/singh,-thapar-and-rajguru-executed Pictured left to right: Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar https://www.facebook.com/workingclasshistory/photos/a.296224173896073/2236021649916306/?type=3

[intellectual6666]

Some really shit happened today.

So it was economics period. A new teacher came to take our class. I got to know he took the class yesterday too (I was absent). But instead of economics, he was actually teaching geography, and with a bit of history. At first he gave pet names to every state and taught how to plot them on the map very easily. And then he talked about how our Bharat used to have such a big territory and Pakistan and Bangladesh was a part of our country.

He opted for UPSC and got 735 out of 800, but because he is in general caste, he didn't get selected.

A student, name her R, first told him, "Konsi reel dekh ke aaye hai aap ?" in the rudest way possible. Then she got up and said "I think this discussion is baseless, jo bhi hona tha, the partition and everything, it's all past". So the teacher said that the what is the point of studying history then ? Jo ho gaya ho gaya ? Agar koi kuch bolega humare desh ke baare mein, toh hum chor denge? Itna easy hai kya ? After a lot of argument between them, by when she was losing her temper (she has horrible anger issues), sir asked, "What do you think, as a citizen of India, who probably loves her country, that there are better countries than ours ?" She said maybe yes, there are many, but I cannot recall their names right now. She said that partition occurred totally because of Indians. Behen British kya mujra karne aaye the yaha ? If that bloody Viceroy didn't gave such an option for a separate country, maybe this wouldn't have happened. I tried to say that in the most decent way possible. Bro the way she barked. Then three other students told her to lower her voice as an elder was standing infront of us and she freaking shouted. All the teachers present in the corridor ran to our class and asked her why the hell she screamed. "I was trying to put my point but everyone interrupted me", bro you argues with the teacher continuously on some useless shit and no body told you anything, at last last we just told you lower your voice.

And then the savage replies by the teacher left her speechless and pale.

I, along with the rest, understand that she is short tempered and have anger issues, but who is gonna work on it ? Us ? Ofc not. She herself knows about this but she ain't helping herself. And nobody cannot blame the rest of the students, to a limit, everyonecan control, but if you keep barking, at some point people are going shout back at you. And you also need to understand where you're going wrong. You cannot say partition was baseless. You cannot say discussing about Indian history is baseless. We NEED to have this knowledge. And even if you think it's wrong, atleast you should have a proper reason behind it.

And foremost of all, you need to learn decency. You should know how to talk to a teacher. But yeah, nobody really talked about this to her today, as after this shit, no body really wanted to confront her.

[andiatas]

Lady Pamela: My Mother's Extraordinary Years as Daughter to the Viceroy of India, Lady-in-Waiting to the Queen, and Wife of David Hicks by India Hicks (published Sep. 3, 2024)

For years designer India Hicks has been sharing anecdotes about the life of her mother, Lady Pamela Hicks, or Lady P, as she is affectionately known. This new visual biography is an extraordinary chronicle of Lady Pamela s life. Daughter of the 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, the last viceroy of India, Lady Pamela was a first cousin to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and served as a bridesmaid and lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth II, before marrying legendary interior designer David Hicks. Sifting through her parents archives, India has uncovered a trove of material about her mother. This beautifully illustrated personal history includes ephemera such as letters from the Queen; images of the houses and gardens where she grew up and made her wonderfully elegant home; details of her extraordinary work during Indian independence, her marriage to David Hicks and the homes he designed for them, the assassination of her father in Ireland, and later life in the country, as well as the lessons India has learned from her mother having had a front row seat at so many historical events. An exemplary life, captured in beautiful images for lovers of history, royal watchers, and all style enthusiasts.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Humanitarian, designer, and author India Hicks has led an unexpected life. Growing up as the daughter of decorator David Hicks and goddaughter of King Charles, she comes from both British and design royalty. India lives on a small island in the Caribbean, where she raised her five children and now works on the fringes of fashion and the front lines of disaster relief.

[stephensmithuk]

The Sign of Four: The Episode of the Barrel

Victorian literature loves its fainting women. Was this down to overly tight corsets, ill health or someone just deciding to be dramatic for the sake of it? Possibly all of the three.

The woman Mary works for is not called Cecil Forrester. The conventions of this time were that women took their husband's legal identity. They certainly took their nationality, losing their own.

Forty-three is rather a large number of dogs to have. The RSPCA (which was a thing in 1888) would get involved if they knew about this facility today. Back then too.

The "wiper" or viper in this case is almost certainly Vipera berus aka the adder. Males are normally silvery-grey, females copper or brown. However, you can sometimes see black adders. If you want to see baldrics, go watch some Morris dancers.

The adder gives birth to live young (up to twenty at a time) and can live for over ten years. They are the only venomous snake of the three British native species, but for most humans, like Watson, a bite will just cause pain and inflammation. Ireland doesn't have any snake species at all, as the Irish Sea was too wide for them to get across.

The RSPCA would not approve of dropping an adder on someone as it would harm the adder. The police would not approve either.

It is legal to own a pet snake in the UK - indeed there are quite a lot of them - but you need a licence for the venomous ones today. This includes adders and all the viper family.

European badgers are different to the American ones. They are far more social, dig the most complex burrows and can also make a range of noises. They are also nocturnal, and they do bite if provoked. It is today illegal to have a pet badger, disturb their setts or injure them. Unless the government authorises a cull due to bovine TB, a controversial policy. Sadly, they frequently end up as roadkill.

It is legal to keep stoats, although controversial. They can kill animals much larger than themselves, like rabbits or birds. It is legal to kill them as a result.

Slow worms are legless lizards, not snakes despite their appearance. They do not have fangs. You could keep one as a pet, but not buy or sell one.

Sugar is not toxic to dogs but can cause problems in substantial amounts.

The penal colony on the Andaman Islands can really be compared to Devil's Island in French Guiana and should better known in the UK. The British sent many political prisoners, to wit independence activists, there from the 1857 Rebellion onwards. Crossing over the sea threatened devout Hindus with the loss of caste and the possibility of reincarnation, something known as "Kala pani". Arrivals would be put on chain gangs. Conditions would be harsh, with torture, medical experimentation, disease, and cruelty from the guards causing thousands of deaths. You could also be executed for trying to escape. Hunger strikes were common and responded to with force-feeding.

The worst prison at this time was on Viper Island, which contained solitary cells, whipping stands and stocks.

In 1872, a former police officer called Sher Ali Afridi sent there for murder after his death sentence, claiming he was acting on the instructions of Allah, assassinated the Viceroy of India, the 6th Earl of Mayo, who was inspecting the place. He had also wanted to kill the Superintendent but did not manage to do so. He was hanged a month later on Viper Island, where the gallows building still stands.

Viper Island lost its importance following the construction of the Cellular Jail at Port Blair, finished in 1906. That was also a very nasty prison, but it is beyond the scope of this post.

"Mohammedan" was a term used for Muslim in the West at the time, implying erroneously that Muslims worship their Prophet. They certainly hold him in great reverence, but they do not worship him.

Guess people started drinking early in Victorian times; licencing hours would not be introduced until the First World War.

The Oval is an international cricket ground in Kennington, the other famous ground in London along with Lord's. It traditionally hosts the final Test of the English cricket season and after getting gas lighting in 1889, it would get a Tube station nearby originally called Kennington Oval the following year, when the initial stretch of the City & South London Railway opened. Today, just being Oval and on the Northern line, it has cricket-related decorations on some of the tiling.

The land the Oval is on is owned by the Duchy of Cornwall, the large property portfolio belonging to the Duke of Cornwall, the title given to the eldest son of the British monarch; this currently being Prince William, who is also Prince of Wales, that title trumping it.

Coal-tar creosote has traditionally been used as a preservative to stop wood rotting when outdoors, something necessary in the wet British climate. It was also used in dentistry!

However, it was discovered to cause cancer. While still allowed for general use by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the EU banned its sale to and use by the regular public in 2003. The UK carried over this law after Brexit. Coal-tar creosote products can only be sold to certified professionals for specific uses, like farm fencing and railway sleepers. The public have to buy substitutes like Ronseal, whose famous advertising slogan declares "it does exactly what it says on the tin".