#Calculating Compression Ratio
Explore tagged Tumblr posts
automotiveamerican · 1 year ago
Text
Calculating Compression Ratio
Image from Wikipedia The compression ratio of an internal combustion engine is a key factor in determining its performance and efficiency. It represents the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke (Bottom Dead Center, BDC) and the volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke (Top Dead Center, TDC). Here’s how you can…
Tumblr media
View On WordPress
0 notes
marsh-commander-cody · 1 month ago
Text
Tumblr media
i made this in excel and then immediately froze my computer trying to zoom out so i could see from row 1 to 321
this a screenshot of a picture in a word document, which took 15 min to make
more detail in the reblog here
11 notes · View notes
boxboxblog · 9 months ago
Text
How Do F1 Cars Work?: Power, Transmit, Suspend
Alright part 2 everyone. Let's go.
1.Power Units
You have probably heard lots of yammering about power unit components before. Things like 'they took on too many and now have a grid penalty' are common to hear. But what is the power unit, and what does that mean?
So the power unit refers to the engine system that helps power the car. The modern F1 car is a hybrid, a mix between a typical Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Energy Recover Systems (ERS). The modern F1 ICE is a 1.6 liter V6 turbocharged engine and can rev up to 15,000 RPM. It uses gasoline and generates a majority of the power. I've explained how it works in an older post, but briefly it compresses air and fuel and ignites it to create combustion which generates energy. The turbocharger is a part of the ICE that helps condense air more, in turn forcing the engine to create more energy.
The ERS has two components. The first is Motor Generator Unit-Kinetic (MGU-K), which recovers energy from braking, stores it in the battery (which stores energy from the two units), and can be used as a boost to power. The second is Motor Generator Unit- Heat (MGU-H). This unit recovers heat energy from the turbocharger and converts it to electrical energy. It can either charge the battery directly or assist the ICE.
When teams get in trouble taking too many power units it essentially means they have replaced something like the MGU-H too many times. There is a cap for how many times you can replace a power unit component, but with the addition of more races every year the FIA is under pressure to increase this limit. Almost every single car takes the penalty at some point.
2. Transmission
The transmission is the semi-automatic gear box inside of F1 cars, which for them is 8-speed. It is located at the rear of the car and connects to the power unit. This is a part of the car that is famous for having issues, and often when a drivers car retires it is due to a gear box failure. With paddle shifters located under the steering wheel, drivers can change the gear in which they are driving. Different gears effect the traction, grip, fuel economy, and speed of the car and are used strategically throughout the race. Part of the transmission is the differential. The differential distributes power between the rear wheels when cornering, allowing the inside tire to rotate slower than the outside tire. The final majorly important part of the transmission is the clutch. In F1 the clutch, which is a device that connects the engine and transmission to the car is automated and controlled by electronics. It is usually used when starting the race or leaving the pit lane.
Grip levels, cornering speeds, and straight-line speeds all play a crucial role in gear ratio calculations. The teams have to find the perfect balance between acceleration, top speed, and adaptability. The team’s engineers use advanced simulations and data analysis to calculate the optimal ratios for each gear. They also take into account factors like tire wear and fuel consumption to fine-tune their calculations. All of this information can be gathered from electronic data gatherers inside of the car, running simulations, and also the drivers reporting themselves. Its why radio communication is so important in F1. This decision can make or break a race, and we have seen drivers lose due to an incorrect gear decision.
3. Suspension
The suspension system works to keep the tires in contact with the road and helps absorb the shocks F1 cars experience. This is created through a variety of springs, shock absorbers, sway bars, etc. Without the suspension, the chassis would be experiencing the full extent of the shaking and pressure, which would do damage to the car and be very painful for the driver. Anytime you see a driver shaking like crazy in the car, it usually means there is something off with the suspension. Suspension also allows the force of the bumps and the kinetic energy to be stored by a spring, which is then compressed, absorbing the energy transferred by that bump in the road and allowing all four tires to grip the road. The biggest difference between street car suspension and F1 suspension is that in an F1 car each tire is independently sprung, which means that they move on their own, useful around corners.
In F1 cars they have a pushrod or pullrod suspension. These systems transfer pressure from the wheels to the suspension dampers and springs. In a push-rod system, the rocker arms are placed at the highest point in the car. As such, the rod is under pressure as it transfers compression forces upwards into the rocker arms. In a pull-rod system however, the rocker arms are located between the upper and lower control arms, at the center of the car This means every time it hits a bump or curb, the wheel pulls on the spring which causes the pull-rod to go up and outwards from the chassis. Both are regularly used suspension types.
Teams regularly change how their suspension is functioning, and it is by far one of the most tweaked systems on the car. Truly, a weak suspension can make any car one of the slowest cars on the grid. So next time you hear a. driver complain about how slow they are on the straights, or how much their back hurts, it usually means their suspension is not where it should be.
That's all for this post, next one should be about braking, the various electronics/sensors, cooling systems, and wrap up of how everything works together.
Cheers,
-B
19 notes · View notes
dr-futbol-blog · 5 months ago
Text
Epiphany, Pt. 6
McKay and Teyla have returned to the jumper and apparently McKay has filled her in on the way, now just repeating what he had already told her and checking whether she can remember everything important. It also tells us that McKay has thought through everything that Sheppard might be needing on the other side, wants to send him everything that he can to make sure that he is safe and taken care of. McKay is trusting Teyla with a lot here but also seems confident that she will be able to pull it off, knowing that Teyla cares for Sheppard a lot too.
Tumblr media
McKay: Alright, emergency rations, medical kit. Anything else? Teyla: Extra batteries for the camcorder. McKay: Right. You know what to do? Teyla: Press Record, extend and hold for three seconds. McKay: No more, no less. Teyla: And then pull it out again. McKay: Right. If he's still there, that should give him plenty of time to record a detailed message.
Just like Sheppard had been ecstatic just to hear from the others, so McKay is hoping that they will at least be able to contact Sheppard to get some kind of confirmation from him that he is alive on the other side. Given that McKay wants to give him the chance of recording a detailed message, he also seems to understand Sheppard's need to communicate. The two of them have that unending conversation, they both seem to need to talk to the other to an extent that they do it even when the other man is not present, so although it has not been a fraction as long for McKay as it has been for Sheppard, he is already missing that connection. Let us also note the fact that McKay seems to correctly predict that Sheppard may have already left the cave by the time Teyla gets back. They know each other very, very well.
McKay's question "Anything else?" is also very important here, throwing a lampshade on what he sends through to Sheppard that is personal and that we do not get to see until the end of the episode, meaning that most viewers have already forgotten this entire exchange. It seems as though McKay did think of something else that was not batteries for the camcorder. What happens here is crucially important and it goes by so fast because it was meant for most people to miss. It also requires an understanding of the fact that McKay is functionally ambidextrous (probably a naturally left-handed person living in a right-handed world). Because here, he grabs two things at the same time.
Tumblr media Tumblr media
McKay: Damn it! Why didn't I send through a note? Teyla: What do you mean if he is still there? McKay: Look, depending on the compression ratio inside the field, there's a very good chance he may have used up the supplies we've sent through by the time you get back. I know it's hard to get your head around but what it means is we have to... Teyla: It means we must hurry. McKay: Right. Go-go-go-go-go-go-go. Good! Alright! Right!
McKay realizes too late that he should have put a note in the knapsack he had passed through the portal to Sheppard, and this witnesses not only to that need of the both of them to communicate with the other but also to how they often think about the same thing at the same time, how they often operate as though they were of one mind. They have a very good understanding of how each other thinks that can only come from true intimacy. The only reason that McKay does not stop to put in a note now is that while he had no time to make proper calculations, he fears that it is already too late to reach Sheppard. And he is right in this, it would take six months for Sheppard to receive the care package that Teyla was taking back to him now.
Later on, we find out that Teyla actually had attached a note to the things she is bringing to him now, probably getting the idea from McKay here, and this is extremely relevant to what takes place later. We do see McKay push something into the knapsack that presumably contains the emergency rations, we see him really shove it in there, when Teyla has her back turned, pushing it to the very bottom of the bag. It looks very much like a t-shirt, and the fact that he is hiding it from Teyla suggests that he put one of his own t-shirts into the bag. This is more or less confirmed by the fact that Sheppard then seems to find a t-shirt in the bag that is visibly loose on him as he wears it, more of which later. Let us also recall that McKay's t-shirts already played a part in the narrative in Conversion (S02E08). This will be relevant further on.
Also of note is that the way McKay attempts to explain the situation to Teyla is nowhere near as abrasive as when he was trying to explain it to Ronon just a moment ago, and while they are pressed for time, he is much more patient in trying to make her understand it all. And she seems to get a grasp of the necessary quickly enough, understanding that she has to hurry in order to be able to help him. As soon as he is able to send her on her way, McKay takes a seat on what would ordinarily be Sheppard's seat, taking care to review what Sheppard had taught him about steering the jumper to get himself back to Atlantis without injuring himself or the jumper in the process. Here too he has to use that internalized version of Sheppard to get him through the ordeal. Here he is literally doing what Sheppard would do.
Tumblr media
Beckett: What, you have no idea whether he's injured? McKay: The excruciating pain he was experiencing was a result of the temporal differential. Beckett: And what is that, exactly? McKay: OK, the-the-the portal must somehow dampen the extreme tidal forces that would normally occur in the event horizon of a time dilation field...
And so we find McKay back in Atlantis, seemingly in his lab where he has put together a team that is helping him gear up. We now find him in his t-shirt, bridging the previous scene to this (it is meant to remind us of what the shirt, similar to the one he is wearing, that he had just sent through to Sheppard looks like on him). He is explaining what had happened to Beckett while Weir seems to be listening in on this. Notable is that while McKay is clearly frustrated by everything taking too long, being aware of how much time is passing while they are here standing around chatting, he is even more patient in explaining this to Beckett than he had been explaining it to Teyla. This is not just because Beckett is his friend and because he knows that Beckett is not stupid even if he is not a Physicist, even if his education is in what McKay considers to be in the soft sciences. He is explaining it patiently because he needs Beckett to understand everything for him to be able to help Sheppard, whom he believes to be in need of medical assistance. He needs Beckett to be on top of things for Sheppard.
And let us just appreciate the fact that McKay was able to tell that Sheppard was in excruciating pain as he was being pulled through. Sheppard's exact words to them, as he was being pulled through, had been "It's kinda hurting my hands a little." That is what he told them, he is hurting a little. But McKay was able to tell that it was much more than that, not just from the fact that he said even this much, not even necessarily from his tone of voice, from the sounds he was making, from the grimace of pain as he made contact with the portal, from the fear that he could hear in Sheppard's words. It is possible that just like Beckett was able to get a sense of his pain when he was coming down from his overdose of the enzyme, McKay may have been able to sense Sheppard's pain when he was being pulled apart by the tidal forces due to them sharing the Ancient gene, due to them both having latent versions of the abilities we see the people inside the sanctuary exhibit.
Where the people inside may be much closer to ascension than them, Sheppard has a much stronger Ancient gene than even them, and Sheppard and McKay are very close besides. If anyone would have been able to feel what Sheppard was feeling, to get a sense of what he was experiencing, it would have been McKay. And given how we found Sheppard once he was on the other side, unable to even move from the pain he was in, McKay seems to be right on the money about what Sheppard was going through.
Note also what a well-oiled machine McKay's science team is being here. He not only does not have to tell them what to do, each and every one of them knows what their task is and he can just hand them things, they know what to do with them. And this is not just because he had hand-picked these people for his team, because he has barked orders for them enough times to have "scared them straight" to do exactly the kind of work he needs from them because he knows, and has hence instilled on them, that everyone's lives may depend on them doing their jobs (and we get to see him do this on Sunday (S03E17) but more on why he is being extra abrasive about it then later). There is also a slight chance that he is somehow directing them using these latent abilities because he is in such distress, and this might happen without him or any one of them being any the wiser about it. Also, let us just make a record of the blonde doctor who kind of resembles Peter Grodin definitely checking out Dr Bare Arms over here, giving him a lengthy look which Mckay notices not at all.
Tumblr media
McKay: ...and we were keeping him from passing through it. Beckett: So part of his body is experiencing time at a different pace than the other? Who knows what that could do to him? McKay: I have no idea, but I suspect he could use a doctor. Weir: So you don't know if he's even alive?
So, we saw the show do this in the first season, using Sheppard's relationship with Weir to run interference for the subtextual relationship between Sheppard and McKay, and it seems as though following the mid-season finale of the second season (which, if we recall, is a potential time for course-correction), they start leaning on this full-force. This episode is a really good example of this, of giving the audience a chance of interpreting a special bond between Sheppard and Weir when, strictly speaking, what is established in this episode is once more that neither Weir nor Teyla care about who Sheppard is or is not romantically interested in (or has sex with), whereas McKay really, really does. Both women remain oblivious to what McKay zeroes in on, and what is more, it is McKay that the woman Sheppard has sex with and who has been in love with him her whole life is jealous of.
So with that in mind, if one does not recognize McKay's tendency to dissociate when he is in genuine distress, it would be easy to interpret Weir as caring more about Sheppard here than McKay does as she suddenly snaps out of her stupor here, joining the conversation when she realizes what McKay had just said: Sheppard might have died. Sheppard might be dead. She had not been able to gather as much from what McKay had been saying due to the casual tone in which he had been delivering them the news. If it was really that serious, surely it should have shown in McKay's tone, in his actions, in his disposition. If there was even the chance that Sheppard might have perished, surely McKay would not be acting with such cool detachment like this was just another day at the office. She is jolted by this recognition, and we might come to the conclusion that she cares about Sheppard so much where he is treating this as a science problem, having no emotions about it whatsoever. And it is true, his emotions are not driving the good ship McKay here. He is 100% cut off from his emotions. He would not be able to do any of what he needs to get done to try to save Sheppard if he let himself feel, if he allowed himself to think about every eventuality that might have gone horribly, horribly wrong.
There is nothing in all of the universe that McKay cares about more than he cares about John Sheppard, but having the feels about it won't allow him to rescue Sheppard any better than feeling his feelings would have allowed him to take care of his little sister when they were children. He has had to learn how to stay functional under extreme distress and emotional turmoil because so many people depend on him to be able to perform under pressure. And so, that is what he does. He tells her as much:
Tumblr media
McKay: The most time-efficient approach was to assume that he was alive but stranded. Weir: And why not assume that he'll make his own way back through the portal? McKay: Because Colonel Sheppard would have already had hours to try to make it back through the portal..
McKay is being efficient, he is being utilitarian. He is not saying out loud the possibility that Sheppard might not have made it, he is not even thinking it. Until he sees evidence to the contrary, Sheppard is alive and he is going to do everything in his power to save him. This is a problem for him to solve and as long as he can keep it in that framework in his mind, he can do this. He can puzzle it out. As long as he does not stop, he can keep going. But if he did stop, just for one moment, and allow himself to think about what might have happened...
And what is more, McKay is right about what had happened. He is able to correctly intuit what had happened and that might have something to do with that Ancient gene and a connection between them. Let us recall that while McKay had been watching the dogfight out of the window of the Daedalus in the previous episode, he had been able to spot Sheppard from among a thousand darts but just as soon as Sheppard had gone through the wormhole, McKay had no longer been able to sense him and had thus assumed that Sheppard must have died along with everyone else. But as long as Sheppard had been out there, it seemed like McKay had been able to zero in on him. And hence, if McKay has a feeling that Sheppard must still be alive, it is that feeling that has to be sustaining him here. They have to hurry, time is running out, but he is not devastated by the absolute certainty that Sheppard is no longer alive.
But also make note of this: McKay has such respect for Sheppard's intelligence and resourcefulness that he is absolutely certain that if there was a way for Sheppard to figure out a way of getting out of there, he would already have done so. And because Sheppard has not been able to figure it out, it must be much more complicated than he is able to yet fathom. There must be something keeping him from getting out that he is not able to see yet. McKay knows Sheppard, and he knows what he is capable of. Only a little while ago on Ford's planet Sheppard had surprised him with his intelligence yet again and he really should not be surprised by Sheppard surprising him any more. Sheppard is clever and if he cannot get out, then getting out must be very, very difficult. Also, McKay calls him Colonel Sheppard to her to subtly put her in her place about this, to not get in his lane when it comes to caring about Sheppard. That is not a contest she wants to get into with him.
Tumblr media Tumblr media
McKay: ...in the time I wasted explaining the situation to Conan and Xena! Beckett: Now, Rodney, that's not very... McKay: No. No, I suppose it isn't. This is McKay. Supplies been loaded aboard yet? Grunt: Almost there, sir. Just a few more cases. McKay: Alright, when you're done with that, make sure you assist Zelenka in securing the descent probe into the launch compartment. Let's move!
To air his frustration, McKay then takes a jab at Ronon and Teyla which is, at the same time, meant to encompass both Beckett and Weir who are likewise wasting time here. Calling Ronon a Barbarian and Teyla a Warrior Princess is not that off the mark, and while both of them come from more primitive societies and are excellent warriors, neither of them is stupid. It is a disparaging comment but at the same time it shows us that McKay thinks of Ronon as big and strong and of Teyla as a capable warrior. Possibly relevant to hints of Teyla enjoying female company as well as male is the heavy, heavy subtext in Xena: Warrior Princess. Like, real heavy. Notoriously heavy.
Tumblr media
And the thing is, while McKay is comparing Ronon to Conan the Barbarian and Teyla to Xena, he is also telling us about pop culture he consumes. He has obviously seen the Conan movies and watched some Xena to even be able to use them as frames of reference. And Xena and Gabrielle's relationship was not unlike that of Sheppard and McKay. The character dynamics, the straight man and comedian act, a tortured warrior with a dark past and bumbling side-kick with a broken heart. It is easy to see how McKay might have enjoyed watching the show. As for Conan...
Tumblr media
McKay would have been around 15 years old when the original film came out, and even if he had not been into guys, the character made many teenage boys question their sexuality (given that displays of hypermaculinity tend to come out the other side, sharing many female characteristics what with their narrow waists and bulging breasts), not to even mention Grace Jones being a bona fide gay icon. He was also not that off the mark, given that Jason Momoa wound up playing Conan years after the series had ended. Calling Ronon Conan may also be a tacit acknowledgement of the fact that he does see Ronon as an attractive male specimen because who doesn't? So in making the references, McKay is really telling on himself. But he does acknowledge that he might have been a little bit too mean because the two of them were doing their best and he knows that they too care about Sheppard.
Intending to waste no more time McKay decides it is time to get this train to leave the station and he starts heading toward the jumper bay with Beckett, Weir and his science team following him in single-file.
In the cave, Sheppard has to be at least a week in by now. He seems to have gone through Teyla's knapsack and everything they were able to gather in it with a fine comb, detritus scattered on the cave floor. The fire seems to be about to die out, and Sheppard is playing with rock as he crouches on the ground.
Tumblr media
Sheppard: This is Sheppard. I'm pretty sure you can't hear me, but I don't have a volleyball to talk to, so what the hell?
As he is contemplating his fate, Sheppard mentions a volleyball which is a reference to the movie Cast Away. In it, the main character becomes stranded on a desert island and goes a little nuts from lack from human companionship. He finds a Wilson-brand volleyball, and it is talking to this volleyball that his mind anthropomorphizes that allows him to keep a grasp at his humanity. He actually comes to love the ball, his only companion, and is heartbroken when he eventually comes to lose it. And again we may start by noting that clearly Sheppard has seen this film that mostly follows a half-naked guy doing things on a tropical island, no tall blonde women in sight, something that Sheppard might have enjoyed on multiple levels.
Tumblr media Tumblr media
But what is curious about this is that Chuck, the man stranded on the island, decides to make his companion male. He desires human companionship and instead of making this an effigy for his girlfriend or just a woman in general, he decides to make it male in his head. He wants to talk to a dude. And Chuck was in love with that ball, is the thing.
Of course Chuck had been stranded alone for a lot longer than Sheppard but despite trying to isolate himself through flying choppers in the most remote part of his world, Sheppard needs human companionship. He does not want to be alone, he has a deep-seeded fear of abandonment. And so he keeps talking into the radio, knowing by now that the others cannot hear him but needing to pretend like he is talking to them, to his chosen family, anyway.
Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media
Sheppard: I've rationed what little I have for as long as I could but I have enough left for maybe one more day. I've got to get myself something to live on while I find my own source of food and water. Not that I didn't appreciate the three canteens of water and the whole handful of power bars. There's nothing in the immediate area. I'm going have to go further out. I'm giving you an indication of where I go, as I go. Sheppard out.
It is Sheppard's trust in McKay's abilities, believing that McKay will be able to figure anything out, as well as his love for his team that made Sheppard stay in the cave until the last possible moment, leaving out in to the wider area outside only when he seemed to have no other alternatives left. Relevant for later is the fact that Teer has been following him in her mind, seeing his reluctance to leave his old life behind. Sheppard says that he will attempt to find something that will sustain him until he finds his own source of food and water, which may also have something symbolic in it--the family he lives with while he is stranded in the sanctuary is just a placeholder for the real thing that is waiting for him on the outside and that he hopes he will be reunited with.
Mentioning the three canteens, Sheppard confirms that each one of them gave their own water for Sheppard and that there was one in three chance that the canteen we watched him put to his mouth earlier was McKay's, a kiss by proxy. As thankful as he is to have heard from the others, he is frustrated by the situation. But even as he is forced to leave, he is making sure that the others will be able to find him when they will finally come for him. Getting the knapsack has reassured him of the fact that they have not forgotten him, that they are looking for him. But he does not want to go, he does not want to leave them, which we can tell by how he flings the radio away from him, breaking it against the rocks, being that it is also probably out of power. He also tamps the fire out, moving some of the rocks around with his boot to suffocate it. He is forced to put the fire out and venture deeper into the looking glass world. He takes his weapon and switches the light on, but before venturing out he stops for one brief moment. He does not want to leave, but he has no choice. And so, out he goes.
Continued in Pt. 7
13 notes · View notes
redfilledfantasies · 1 month ago
Text
First Sight (Chapter 3 of 7)
Carmella gripped the barbell with mathematical precision, her fingers positioned at the exact intervals required for optimal leverage. Her mind calculated the resistance, cataloged the muscle groups engaged, measured the angle of her spine with clinical detachment. But as she executed the first repetition, her gaze betrayed her, slipping across the gym floor to where Audrey O'Rourke demonstrated a complex movement pattern to a client, her freckled arms flexing with enviable definition.
"Eight, nine, ten," she whispered, forcing her attention back to her own exercise. The count was a ritual, a familiar anchor in the storm of distraction that had consumed her since first noticing the red-haired trainer. She completed the set with mechanical efficiency, but the numbers felt hollow, the movements perfunctory rather than purposeful.
Her reflection watched her from the wall of mirrors – hair perfectly in place, designer glasses aligned to the exact millimeter on her nose, compression leggings displaying the results of years of disciplined training. The image of control contradicted the chaos beneath her skin, the irregular thrum of her pulse that no amount of focused breathing could regulate.
She programmed her rest interval on her fitness watch – ninety seconds, not a moment more or less. The timer began its countdown, and her eyes, freed from the demands of exertion, found Audrey again with magnetic certainty.
The trainer stood beside a middle-aged woman attempting a kettlebell swing, her hands making precise adjustments to the client's form with confident authority. "Engage your core first," Audrey instructed, her voice carrying across the gym with clear command. "The power comes from here, not from your arms."
Carmella observed the activation sequence of Audrey's own muscles as she demonstrated the movement – the perfect coordination of her gluteal complex, the transverse abdominal contraction preceding the hip hinge, the posterior chain engaging in textbook sequence. The clinical terminology scrolled through her mind, but the appreciation she felt transcended professional curiosity.
Her watch buzzed against her wrist, signaling the end of her rest period. Carmella moved to the next exercise with determined focus, selecting dumbbells with her usual methodical consideration of progressive overload principles. She positioned herself for shoulder presses, carefully aligning her feet at shoulder width, spine neutrally positioned.
"One," she began, raising the weights with precise control. Her eyes betrayed her again, finding Audrey across the gym floor. "Two," she continued, the count barely audible as she watched the trainer laugh at something her client said. The sound carried, a bright note above the ambient gym noise that sent an unexpected tremor through Carmella's usually steady hands.
Audrey moved to assist another client, her tank top revealing the intricate topography of her back muscles. Carmella's brain automatically identified each one – trapezius, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi – the anatomical catalog providing insufficient distance from the aesthetic appreciation that followed. The freckles scattered across Audrey's skin created patterns like constellations, and Carmella found herself mapping them with the same attention she gave to cardiac irregularities on an ECG.
"Five," she whispered, realizing she had lost count. She reset, focusing on the weight in her hands, the controlled movement of her shoulders. "One, two, three…" Her gaze drifted once more as Audrey began her own workout between clients. The trainer selected a barbell, loading it with plates that Carmella estimated at approximately 185 pounds – an impressive load that suggested exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. Audrey approached the bar with focused intent, her posture shifting from trainer to athlete with a subtle but distinct transformation.
As Audrey began her deadlift, Carmella's physician's eye calculated the cardiovascular demand of the movement. Based on Audrey's body mass, the resistance applied, and the visible vascularity that appeared with exertion, Carmella estimated her heart rate at approximately 160 beats per minute during peak effort. The mental image formed with startling clarity – the powerful cardiac muscle contracting with perfect efficiency, chambers filling and emptying in rapid sequence, valves opening and closing with mechanical precision.
Carmella's own heart rate accelerated in sympathetic response, a physiological mirroring that she noted with clinical interest even as she experienced its effects. She placed her dumbbells on the rack, her exercise forgotten as she watched Audrey complete her set, imagining the oxygen consumption, the perfectly optimized blood flow to working muscles, the exquisite coordination of the trainer's cardiovascular and muscular systems.
Her gym bag sat beside the weight bench, the outline of her stethoscope visible through the fabric. Carmella's fingers twitched with sudden urgency, imagining the sensation of the cold metal disc against Audrey's warm skin, the intimate sound of her heartbeat filling Carmella's ears. She envisioned the rhythm – strong, regular, with the distinctive S1 and S2 sounds separated by precisely timed intervals.
The medical fantasy expanded, encompassing detailed measurements of Audrey's cardiac output during peak exertion, her stroke volume, the efficiency of ventricular contraction. Carmella's fingers reached unconsciously toward her bag, the gesture arrested only by her sudden awareness of its inappropriate nature. "Focus," she whispered to herself, the command lacking its usual authority. She returned to the weight rack, selecting dumbbells for her next exercise with less precision than her routine demanded.
The weight felt strange in her hands, the balance unfamiliar. As she attempted a bicep curl, Audrey transitioned to a squat rack nearby, positioning herself beneath the bar with perfect form. The proximity was unexpectedly disruptive, and Carmella's grip faltered. The dumbbell slipped from her fingers, clattering to the floor with a sound that echoed through the gym.
Several heads turned, including Audrey's. The trainer's green eyes met Carmella's for a brief, electric moment, a flicker of recognition passing between them before Carmella broke the connection, bending to retrieve the fallen weight with uncharacteristic awkwardness.
Her cheeks flushed with heat that had nothing to do with physical exertion. The loss of control was unprecedented, a data point that demanded analysis but defied her usual methodical approach. She adjusted her glasses, a habitual gesture that provided momentary comfort but no real solution to her disrupted equilibrium. "Do you need a spot?" A gym attendant approached, his concern evident in his expression.
"No. Thank you. Momentary lapse in grip strength," Carmella replied, her voice steadier than her hands. The clinical explanation was accurate but incomplete, omitting the causal relationship between her distraction and the failure of her usually reliable coordination. She completed her remaining exercises with forced concentration, counting each repetition with deliberate focus, though the numbers seemed to slip from her mind almost as soon as they were formed.
Her usual perfectly sequenced routine had transformed into a fragmented series of movements, interrupted by glances toward Audrey that grew more frequent and less disguised as the session progressed. By the time she gathered her belongings, Carmella's workout log showed significant deviations from her planned regimen – missed sets, altered sequencing, extended rest periods that had nothing to do with recovery and everything to do with observation.
The data reflected a disruption more profound than physical – the same precise mind that could diagnose complex cardiac arrhythmias from subtle sound variations now struggled to maintain a simple exercise count under the influence of Audrey O'Rourke's presence. As she left the gym, Carmella's fingers closed around her stethoscope through the fabric of her bag, the instrument both a professional tool and a conduit for fantasies that grew more vivid with each passing day.
The weight of it was an anchor to her identity, even as that identity shifted beneath the force of her fascination. The Manhattan Cardiology Clinic gleamed with sterile precision, the morning light reflecting off polished surfaces and state-of-the-art equipment. Carmella adjusted her white coat with practiced efficiency, the weight of her stethoscope around her neck a familiar anchor to her professional identity.
She reviewed the day's schedule, counting eight patients requiring her expertise, but the numbers blurred before her eyes, replaced by unbidden calculations of when she might next observe Audrey O'Rourke's exceptional cardiovascular performance. She blinked, forcing her attention back to the chart in her hands. Mrs. Abramson, 67, mild mitral valve regurgitation. The data was clear, the diagnosis straightforward, the treatment protocol well-established.
Yet as she made notes in the margin, her pen strayed from its usual precise script, tracing the familiar pattern of a cardiac rhythm strip. She found herself sketching the distinct peaks and valleys of a heartbeat – not Mrs. Abramson's irregular pattern, but the perfect, powerful rhythm she imagined coursed through Audrey's athletic frame. "Dr. Hill?" Her nurse stood in the doorway, clipboard in hand. "Your first patient is ready in room three." Carmella nodded, quickly flipping the page to cover her inappropriate doodling. "Thank you, Gloria." Her voice maintained its professional tone, betraying none of the distraction that had colonized her thoughts.
The examination room was a sanctuary of order – instruments arranged at precise angles, surfaces immaculate, the environment optimized for clinical excellence. Carmella entered with measured steps, her greeting to the patient – a woman in her early forties with complaints of occasional arrhythmia – as practiced as her physical assessment routine.
"I'm going to listen to your heart in several positions," Carmella explained, warming the stethoscope's chest piece between her palms with automatic precision. "Please breathe normally. She positioned the instrument against the woman's skin, closing her eyes to focus on the sounds that would fill her ears. But as the first cardiac tones registered, her mind performed an unprecedented substitution – overlaying the actual sounds with the imagined rhythm of Audrey's heart.
The fantasy was vivid and unbidden – the powerful contractions, the efficient valve closures, the perfect intervals between systole and diastole that would characterize an elite athlete's cardiac function. Carmella opened her eyes, momentarily disoriented by the disconnect between what she heard and what she visualized. The patient looked at her expectantly, unaware of the unprofessional detour her doctor's mind had taken.
"I'm going to move to another listening position," Carmella said, her voice less assured than usual. She repositioned the stethoscope, determined to focus on the actual patient before her rather than the phantom heartbeat that had hijacked her attention. But the sounds merged and transformed again – the patient's mild tachycardia becoming Audrey's powerful rhythm in her mind's ear. Carmella imagined the trainer's heart during peak exertion, the increased stroke volume, the efficient myocardial contractility, the perfect coordination of electrical impulses through specialized cardiac tissue.
"Dr. Hill? Is everything alright?" The patient's voice pulled her back to the present. "Yes. I'm listening for a particular sound," Carmella replied, the explanation technically true though profoundly incomplete. Her cheeks flushed with heat that had nothing to do with the room's temperature – an involuntary physiological response to her inappropriate thoughts that she recognized with clinical detachment even as she experienced its effects.
She moved through the rest of the examination with forced concentration, her hands less steady than usual as she prepared to take the patient's blood pressure. The sphygmomanometer slipped from her fingers, clattering to the floor in a betrayal of her usually impeccable coordination. "I apologize," she said, bending to retrieve the instrument with uncharacteristic awkwardness. "Let me recalibrate this."
The patient smiled uncertainly, the doctor's fumbling at odds with her reputation for precision. Carmella recalibrated not just the instrument but her own focus, forcing her attention to the clinical task at hand through sheer professional will. Her notes on the examination were less detailed than her usual meticulous documentation, the margins once again filling with unconscious tracings of idealized cardiac waveforms.
She prescribed additional tests with mechanical efficiency, her mind already drifting to the next examination even as she completed this one. In the hallway between patients, she heard her nurse's voice from the station. "Dr. Hill seems distracted today." "I noticed," replied another staff member. "She's never like this." Carmella pretended not to hear, though the observation stung with its accuracy. Her next patient – an elderly man with hypertension – received the same divided attention, her assessment technically competent but lacking the focused precision that defined her practice.
"Thank you, Mrs. Turner," she said as she concluded the examination, only realizing her error when confusion crossed the man's features. "It's Mr. Sullivan, Doctor," he corrected gently. Carmella felt a jolt of mortification, the mistake unprecedented in her practice. "Of course, Mr. Sullivan. I apologize." From the corner of her eye, she saw Gloria exchange a concerned glance with the medical assistant, the silent communication more damning than any verbal critique.
By midday, the pattern of distraction had become impossible to ignore. Her usual efficiency had given way to uncharacteristic delays, her documentation littered with absently drawn cardiac rhythms, her diagnostic acumen compromised by thoughts that had no place in her professional sphere. She retreated to her office between appointments, closing the door against the concerned glances of her staff. The space should have provided respite, a return to order, but even here she found no relief from the thoughts that had infiltrated her methodical mind.
Her fingers moved to her keyboard with hesitant purpose, opening the browser with a sense of surrender to the compulsion that had taken hold. She navigated to the gym's website, scrolling through the pages until she found what she sought – Audrey O'Rourke's trainer profile. The professional photograph showed Audrey in her element, the confident stance and assured smile projecting the authority Carmella had observed in person.
The bio listed impressive credentials – certified strength and conditioning specialist, master's degree in exercise physiology, specialized training in cardiac rehabilitation. This last detail caught Carmella's attention with particular force – a professional intersection she hadn't anticipated. She leaned closer to the screen, absorbing each detail with the same intensity she normally reserved for complex ECG readings. Audrey had spent three years working with post-cardiac event patients, helping them rebuild strength and cardiovascular capacity after heart attacks or surgery.
The confluence of their professional interests sent an unexpected thrill through Carmella – a point of connection beyond the physical fascination that had consumed her thoughts. Her hand moved unconsciously to the stethoscope around her neck, fingers tracing the tubing with absent familiarity. She imagined a conversation with Audrey about cardiac rehabilitation protocols, the professional exchange quickly transforming in her mind to something more intimate – discussing the trainer's own exceptional heart function, perhaps offering to perform an echocardiogram to visualize the perfectly developed cardiac muscle that powered her athletic performance.
The fantasy expanded, incorporating clinical details with inappropriate personal interest. Carmella's fingers tightened around the stethoscope, the pressure a physical manifestation of the tension that had built within her. The instrument was both a symbol of her professional identity and, increasingly, a conduit for desires that threatened that very identity.
She scrolled further, finding Audrey's schedule listed on the site – Monday through Friday, with classes and personal training slots clearly marked. Carmella noted the information with inappropriate attention to detail, mentally comparing it to her own clinical schedule, calculating potential overlaps and opportunities. The office door opened without warning, Gloria appearing with a clipboard in hand. "Your one o'clock is ready, Dr. Hill."
Carmella startled, closing the browser with hasty keystrokes that betrayed her guilt. "Thank you. I'll be right there." Her voice sounded strained to her own ears, the professional tone undermined by the flush that spread across her cheeks. Gloria's gaze lingered for a moment too long, taking in the doctor's unusual demeanor, the hand still gripping the stethoscope like a lifeline, the flush that extended below the collar of her impeccably pressed shirt.
"Is everything alright, Doctor?" she asked, concern evident in her tone. "Of course," Carmella replied, rising from her chair with forced composure. She adjusted her lab coat, squared her shoulders, attempted to reclaim the professional demeanor that had defined her career. "Just reviewing some research." The half-truth felt foreign on her tongue, her usual precise honesty compromised by the nature of her distraction. She followed Gloria into the hallway, the weight of the stethoscope around her neck a reminder of the responsibility she bore to her patients – a responsibility increasingly challenged by the obsession that had taken root in her meticulously ordered mind.
Carmella's apartment existed as a monument to control, each surface gleaming with the same clinical perfection as her examination rooms. The kitchen counters reflected the overhead lights at precise angles, not a fingerprint or water spot marring the immaculate granite. She moved through the space with practiced efficiency, selecting vegetables from the refrigerator and arranging them on the cutting board in ascending size order, a ritual as familiar and necessary as breathing.
But beneath this ceremony of precision, her thoughts pulsed with the same disruptive rhythm that had plagued her all day – the imagined sound of Audrey O'Rourke's exceptional heart. The knife moved with mechanical precision, creating uniform slices exactly five millimeters thick. Carmella's hands maintained their practiced skill even as her mind calculated the cardiovascular capacity required for Audrey's training regimen.
Based on the trainer's observed performance at peak exertion, Carmella estimated her VO2 max at approximately 55 milliliters per kilogram per minute – substantially above average for women her age, suggesting exceptional oxygen utilization efficiency. The cutting complete, she arranged the vegetables in the pan according to cooking time, the process as methodical as any surgical procedure.
Her culinary routine allowed for no deviations, yet her thoughts strayed relentlessly to Audrey's physiology – the probable stroke volume of her heart during intense exercise, the efficient ventricular contractions, the perfectly synchronized electrical conduction through specialized cardiac tissue.
"Assuming a resting heart rate of approximately 45 beats per minute," she murmured aloud, the sound of her own voice startling in the quiet apartment, "and observed recovery rate after exertion, cardiac output during peak performance would be exceptional." She caught herself, the clinical monologue an unusual departure from her silent efficiency. The vegetables simmered precisely according to her predetermined timing, but the meal preparation had become secondary to the physiological calculations that consumed her thoughts.
After dinner, consumed without tasting and cleared away with automatic precision, Carmella settled at her desk with the day's patient files. The routine was familiar – review notes, update recommendations, prepare for follow-up appointments with methodical attention to detail. She opened the first folder, Mrs. Abramson's mitral valve regurgitation case, and attempted to focus on the clinical data.
Her pen moved across the page, beginning to note treatment adjustments, but the line quickly transformed into the distinctive pattern of a cardiac waveform – not Mrs. Abramson's irregular rhythm, but the idealized contours she imagined characterized Audrey's exceptional heart function. She stared at the inappropriate doodle, then set the file aside, selecting another with determined focus.
Mr. Sullivan's hypertension case provided no better anchor for her wandering attention. After reading the same blood pressure values three times without retention, Carmella abandoned the pretense of clinical review. She pulled a blank sheet of paper from her desk drawer, allowing the compulsion that had built throughout the day to express itself through her pen.
The anatomical drawing began with clinical precision – the four chambers of the heart rendered with textbook accuracy, each valve detailed with the expertise of a specialist who had examined thousands. Her fingers moved with the same care she applied to delicate cardiac procedures, outlining the muscular walls of the left ventricle with particular attention to detail.
She labeled each structure with exacting terminology – tricuspid valve, papillary muscles, interventricular septum – the Latin terms flowing from her pen with practiced familiarity. The drawing expanded to include the major vessels, the coronary arteries that supplied blood to the cardiac muscle itself, the pulmonary veins returning oxygenated blood from the lungs.
As the anatomical illustration grew more detailed, Carmella found herself enhancing certain features – the left ventricular wall thickened slightly beyond normal parameters, the kind of beneficial hypertrophy seen in elite athletes. The heart on her page was no longer the generic organ from medical textbooks but a specific heart, imagined with inappropriate detail as the powerhouse driving Audrey's exceptional physical performance.
She set down her pen and rose from the desk, suddenly restless. The patient files remained unreviewed, her professional obligations temporarily abandoned to the compulsion that had overtaken her methodical mind. She paced the pristine living room, the measured tempo of her steps providing an inadequate outlet for the tension that hummed beneath her skin.
"In cases of athletic cardiac adaptation," she began, falling into the cadence of the lectures she occasionally delivered at medical conferences, "we observe beneficial structural changes including increased left ventricular mass and enhanced diastolic function." Her audience was imaginary, but her tone maintained its professional authority as she continued: "The subject demonstrates exceptional cardiovascular efficiency, with probable resting bradycardia in the 40-45 beats per minute range and stroke volume significantly above average for her demographic."
She paused, aware that her hypothetical subject had acquired specific features in her mind – red hair pulled back in a functional ponytail, freckled skin with prominent vascularity during exertion, green eyes bright with the confidence of physical mastery. "The athlete's cardiac output during peak performance," she continued, her voice softer now, more personal than professional, "suggests optimal oxygen delivery to working muscles, supporting the observed endurance and strength demonstrations."
Carmella stopped pacing, caught by the realization that her clinical lecture had transformed entirely into a detailed physiological appreciation of Audrey O'Rourke. The professional framework remained, but the content had become uncomfortably specific, crossing boundaries that existed for essential reasons. She moved to the bathroom, drawn by an impulse she recognized as inappropriate even as she surrendered to it.
The space was as immaculate as the rest of her apartment – surfaces gleaming, towels folded with hospital-corner precision, every item aligned at right angles to the countertop edges. Her reflection in the mirror showed a woman still outwardly composed – hair perfectly styled, expression controlled – though her dilated pupils betrayed the internal disruption.
Her stethoscope lay coiled on the bedside table where she had placed it upon returning home. She retrieved it with reverent hands, the familiar weight of the instrument both comforting and exciting as she returned to the bathroom. The metal felt cool against her palm, the tubes flexible between her fingers as she positioned the earpieces.
Carmella unbuttoned her blouse with clinical efficiency, exposing the smooth skin over her sternum. She placed the chest piece against her own heart, closing her eyes as the sound filled her ears – the rhythmic contraction of her own cardiac muscle, accelerated beyond its baseline by the fantasy she was indulging.
But in her mind, the heartbeat became Audrey's. She imagined the trainer before her, freckled skin exposed to her examination, the stethoscope capturing the powerful, efficient contractions of an elite athlete's heart. The fantasy was vivid, immediate – the sound of Audrey's heart filling her consciousness, the imagined warmth of her skin beneath the metal disc, the intimate connection of listening to life's most essential rhythm.
Her own heartbeat quickened further, responding to the fantasy with physiological precision. Carmella noted the acceleration with clinical detachment even as she recognized its significance – increased sympathetic nervous system activation, elevated epinephrine levels, the distinctive physical markers of attraction rendered in cardiac rhythm.
"This is unprofessional," she whispered to her reflection, the words a feeble protest against the tide of her fixation. Her training, her ethical standards, her professional identity all demanded she release this inappropriate fascination with a woman who was, ultimately, a potential patient.
Yet the stethoscope remained pressed to her skin, the fantasy uninterrupted by this momentary acknowledgment of its impropriety. Her eyes closed again, shutting out the accusatory mirror as she surrendered more completely to the imagined examination.
In this controlled environment, with no witnesses to her lapse in professional boundaries, Carmella allowed herself to fully inhabit the fantasy. Her fingers traced the path the stethoscope would take across Audrey's chest – aortic area, pulmonic area, tricuspid area, mitral area – each position revealing another aspect of the trainer's exceptional cardiac function.
The physiological response to this imagination was immediate and undeniable – accelerated heart rate, peripheral vasodilation, elevated core temperature. Carmella recognized these symptoms with the detached precision of her medical training, even as she experienced their effects with unprecedented intensity.
Her clinical detachment, that carefully constructed barrier between observation and engagement, had dissolved entirely in the privacy of her home. The stethoscope, once solely an instrument of her profession, had transformed into a conduit for desire that transcended medical curiosity.
She opened her eyes, meeting her own gaze in the mirror. The woman who looked back was simultaneously the precise cardiologist who had built a reputation on exceptional control and the individual now consumed by fascination that defied that very control. The contradiction should have troubled her more than it did, but as she continued to listen to her racing heart – imagining it as Audrey's – the boundaries between professional interest and personal desire blurred beyond recognition.
The stethoscope captured each beat with perfect clarity, the sound filling her consciousness until nothing remained but the rhythm and the fantasy that had overtaken her meticulously ordered world.
5 notes · View notes
empirearchives · 1 year ago
Text
The Dome of the Halle au Blé — Ironwork in Paris in the 19th Century
Tumblr media
The Halle au Blé under demolition in 1887
Tumblr media
The Halle au Blé was transformed into the Bourse de Commerce — Pinault Collection. Though most of the original building was changed, the iron dome designed in 1807 was kept in tact.
The iron dome of the Halle au Blé (which housed the grain exchange of Paris during the 18th and 19th century), was the largest iron structure in the world at the time of its construction between 1807 and 1813.
The original dome of the Halle au Blé was made of wood and burned down in a fire in 1802.
The replacement dome, upgraded to cast iron, was designed by François Bélanger. The design was sent to a committee headed by Becquay-Beaupré, and was approved by Napoleon in 1807.
Bélanger's elegant and audacious design was submitted to Crétet, who consulted with Napoleon. The emperor approved the project in a decree of September 4, 1807. Napoleon was interested enough in the project to visit the site during construction, and he personally dedicated the dome. Actual construction began in 1809 with cast iron produced at Le Creusot, but the dome was not ultimately completed until 1813, having cost 700,000 francs, seven times more than the original estimate.
Bélanger’s iron dome is important because it was the largest iron structure of its day, and it was several decades before another of such magnitude was constructed. The elegant and slender ribs of the dome seen from 40 meters below create an illusion of lightness far surpassing that which is possible with other traditional framing materials.
Tumblr media
The novelty of the use of iron and the thinner dimensions made the Halle au Blé a notable attraction in Napoleon’s day and throughout the 19th century. Pierre Fontaine, whom Napoleon had named First Architect and who had argued with the emperor regarding the Vendôme Column, the Temple of Glory, the Pantheon, the Pont des Arts, the Pont des Invalides, and the Pont d'lena, found the dome to be much more satisfying in its use of iron than these other structures.
“This work,” he wrote, “is one of the most remarkable which has been erected under the present regime.” In fact, many of the Parisian guidebooks of the last century give ample treatment to its description, since the dome was considered to be one of the significant landmarks of the capital.
Tumblr media
Conversion to the Bourse de Commerce:
The engineer Cosmo Canovetti was charged in 1887 with the reconstruction of the Halle au Blé and its conversion into the Bourse de Commerce. In order to determine whether to retain or reconstruct the dome, Canovetti examined it for any deterioration. He calculated the bending moments by means of funicular polygons, a process unknown to Bélanger, in order to determine whether the additional weight of a roof covering over part of the dome would create any structural problems. Canovetti found the structure adequate, and he observed that Bélanger had understood well the appropriate ratio of diminution to give the ribs from their spring points on the masonry wall to their apex at the compression ring which forms the lantern base.
Source:
Building with Iron: A Napoleonic Controversy, Frances H. Steiner, Technology and Culture, Volume 22, Number 4, October 1981, pp. 700-724 (Article), Published by Johns Hopkins University Press
16 notes · View notes
mlembug · 1 year ago
Text
I was writing some sort of response but then I realized I could use this post as an excuse for writing an infodump.
The way text is presented, including the choice of a font is dependent on the use case, target audience, the specific medium... and a whole bunch of other factors (one of the major "other factors" is "can I afford this font"). The thing that is specific about the medium of "computer screen" is being constrained to a pixel grid.
The differences in use case include stuff like whether you are making a parody of an existing Team Fortress 2 sign, or text in a Tumblr post, which I'll get deeper in.
The main computer display I am using right now is 24" Full HD (1920x1080) IPS LCD screen that was bought in 2014 and is still not broken so I'm not throwing it out until it does. A quick calculation involving knowing its diagonal (24"), aspect ratio (16:9) and relying on Pythagorean Theorem reveals that for every inch you can fit 85 pixels.
85 pixels per inch also happens to be absolute dogshit in terms of how much we can fit. This necessitates all sorts of workarounds and compromises. My initial idea for this post involved writing in great details just exactly how complicated is that and that you could literally spend not just years, but decades on improving this, but then I found rastertragedy.com which would blow away all my attempts not only by the author's expertise, but also comprehensiveness of this site. So instead what I'm gonna do is taking surface level observations against the context a Tumblr user may be familiar with, and invite people to go there if they want to read more.
I took a screenshot of my own blog's header in Firefox at 100% zoom, and the letter "m" fits in 13x8 pixel grid.
Tumblr media
A quick examination through Firefox's right click -> Inspect reveals Tumblr uses a font named Favorit by Dinamo Typefaces. There must be some reason why Tumblr chose this font, because they spent €4500 on it (Automattic has 1934 employees if we rely on wikipedia's figure), which is honestly not that much because this seems to be a one-time payment and not a subscription. Maybe that's why they chose it, but also there exist fonts that are free for commercial use so I'm not exactly convinced.
Tumblr media
Taking that font's "m", this is how it looks when open in High-Logic Font Creator:
Tumblr media
and meanwhile these are my two attempts at overlaying a 13x8 grid and coloring it using only "filled/not filled"
Tumblr media Tumblr media
Can Photoshop do better? Here are the ways it displays my nickname using all the rendering methods it offers. Because Tumblr likes to change compression scheme from png to jpg, I upscaled this image using the nearest filter approach and pray jpg-ification does not ruin it. From top to bottom, the methods are: None, Sharp, Crisp, Smooth, Windows LCD, and Windows.
The last one is not Photoshop, that one is MS Paint, which presumably uses whatever Windows uses and typically Windows application use too, unless they decide to handle displaying fonts on their own (just like Photoshop has its own font renderer)
Tumblr media
Several observations are worth noting:
TF2 signs had twice as much pixels horizontally and twice as much pixels vertically, which is understandable for the use case that relied on a more decorative text.
the "None" is the closest to what I did manually, it also happens to offer the best contrast out of them all. It's also what the previous poster states to be their preferred (or at least, "preferred over subpixel rendering"). There's also a lot of disadvantages: kerning is fucked by having uneven distance between letters - once it's 2 pixels and once it's 3 pixels. Uneven kerning results in legibility issues because you use the distance between letters to know where is a space and where is not. The font weight is also uneven. The pixels are more noticeable.
Other approaches compromise on contrast and they make the font weight and kerning appear visually similar.
Microsoft Paint did a thing unlike anything Photoshop did - the colors are no longer a white, black and shades of grey, but there are noticeable colors in it. This is subpixel rendering, used in addition to aliasing. Subpixel rendering specifically relies on how LCD screens work, in that a single pixel is not a single rectangular unit, but 3 smaller rectangular ones that display each individual color of the RGB color palette. The Microsoft's take on subpixel rendering is called Microsoft ClearType.
Photoshop does not offer subpixel rendering at all and uses only anti-aliasing. There are very good reasons for this. Subpixel rendering relies that you read the text on an LCD screen, at its native resolution, with no resizing operations done on the text afterwards, and the order of subpixels has to match. Nearly all of these assumptions are violated on regular basis when you make a bitmap image. Further complications may arise if you use certain kinds of glasses, you have color blindness, or your color cones react in a noticeably different way than an "average" human. For similar reasons back when we had only 16 bits to represent a color of a pixel, we assigned 5 bits to red, 5 bits to blue and 6 bits to green because we took note that humans are typically more sensitive to changes in green.
Nearly all of the decisions here result in "you win some, you lose some". In fact, there is even more decisions to be made. The way we collectively moved from serif fonts to sans serif fonts is the end result of us not having enough pixel density to represent these serifs on computer screens in a readable way. Similarly: Microsoft Word changing its default font in 2007 from Times New Roman (serif font) to Calibri (sans serif font) is an admission that most Word documents are no longer printed out on paper, but read directly on a computer screen.
I have also been experimenting with a program named "Better ClearType Tuner" and while I don't really have anything cohesive to say over a wider set of fonts yet, this is literally a goldmine in terms of me making casual observations on fonts. In particular some fonts actually look pretty well (in my subjective opinion) without any kind of anti-aliasing, while some look absolutely atrocious (like Consolas) without subpixel rendering. This certainly has a lot to do in terms of what was the original font designer testing for. This leads me to conclude that being able to control the way programs display fonts is not enough - you also need to control the font. One of the members of the discord I'm in does exactly that, except she also uses Linux (whenever she shows me a screenshot of non-antialiased text I'm feeling pain, but this is her choice and she has to deal with that way more than me).
Unfortunately this is at odds with people who make the software which would rather you have as little configurability, as the more settings are configurable, the more combinations of settings are possible, and the more combinations are possible, the more likely you will encounter a problem with a combination that was never tested in the first place. (this also happens to be a problem with Linux as a whole - your program works on Windows 8.1, 10 and 11? well there are many distributions times many versions so how many are you willing to test your software on? how many are you able to afford testing on?).
The long term solution to the problem is moving to displays with higher pixel density, which in the past has been pushed mostly by Apple (the "Retina" screens), because Apple has more graphic designers among their employees, and also more graphic designers among their userbase, and this has been significantly painful to them.
Tumblr media Tumblr media
(source is Kanojo ni Naru Hi)
39K notes · View notes
jamesmilleer2407 · 15 days ago
Text
S&P Dividend Yield in Low and High Valuation Phases
Dividend-paying stocks continue to attract attention in dynamic financial environments, especially those represented in key indices. Among them, the s&p dividend yield has remained a consistent metric for analyzing broad-based dividend trends within the North American equity landscape. Derived from the average dividend yield of all companies in the S&P Composite Index, this figure reflects payout patterns across various sectors and market conditions.
Unlike price-driven indicators that reflect market sentiment in short intervals, dividend yields often provide longer-term perspectives on the income-producing capacity of equities. Through this lens, the s&p dividend yield becomes a reliable tool for interpreting how companies distribute value and how those trends shift with changing economic dynamics.
Patterns and Movements in Yield Structures
Fluctuations in the s&p dividend yield are influenced by the balance between market prices and dividend announcements. During periods when equity prices rise sharply without a corresponding increase in payouts, the yield compresses. Alternatively, in phases of market corrections, yield levels may increase as dividend payouts remain stable while share prices contract.
Such movements are not isolated but signal larger structural shifts. For example, during volatile quarters, sectors with consistent dividend-paying histories—such as utilities or consumer staples—tend to maintain their prominence in yield calculations. As a result, these sectors often contribute heavily to the visibility of best dividend yield stocks, anchoring the index’s overall average.
Sectoral Composition and Payout Ratios
The structure of the index includes a mix of traditional and growth-oriented sectors. Certain segments, particularly those in infrastructure, energy, and financials, are more likely to maintain stable dividend policies. These industries contribute significantly to the s&p dividend yield, especially during times when market valuations diverge from earnings performance.
In contrast, sectors like information technology and biotech may prioritize reinvestment and innovation. Their limited dividend activity results in a diluted impact on index-wide yields, even when their market capitalization grows substantially. This distributional imbalance emphasizes the importance of sectoral analysis when interpreting yield trends at the index level.
Historical Yield Trends as Market Signals
When reviewed against historical norms, the s&p dividend yield offers perspective on market valuation. A higher-than-average yield often suggests a pullback in equity prices or enhanced payouts, while lower yields can signal higher valuations or deferred distributions. Either direction provides insight into prevailing market behavior and corporate distribution strategies.
Such trends also indicate cyclical transitions. For instance, yield expansion may correspond with broader rotations into income-producing equities, while yield compression might align with capital appreciation-driven rallies. Yield history thus functions as both a trailing and concurrent marker of equity performance.
Consistency and Yield Quality
While the yield figure itself is a numerical calculation, the quality of the underlying payouts adds further context. Companies with sustained payout histories often comprise the best dividend yield stocks due to their operational stability and disciplined financial management. These entities help stabilize the index-level yield, even during broader market disruptions.
Variability in dividend declarations, especially during uncertain earnings cycles, introduces potential distortions. Inconsistent payouts not only impact individual stock yields but also affect aggregate measures like the s&p dividend yield, depending on how significantly those firms are weighted in the index.
Institutional Allocation and Yield Preference
Institutions frequently rely on composite yield measures to evaluate the attractiveness of large-cap equity allocations. The s&p dividend yield plays a role in these assessments, particularly in low-growth environments where income considerations influence asset weightings.
Market segments showcasing strong historical yield support often feature in institutional portfolios designed for stability. As institutions shift allocations between growth and income strategies, changes in the s&p dividend yield often mirror those transitions. This connection adds depth to how yield metrics reflect not just company decisions, but capital flow behavior on a larger scale.
0 notes
technovale · 18 days ago
Text
Tap Density Tester-TD-101
TAP DENSE TD - 101 is a density measurement equipment used to measure tapped density of powders, as well as granulated or flaked materials by standardized and repeatable procedures. Instrument uses the latest microprocessor technology and advanced engineering techniques so as to give enhanced accuracy a reproducibility. System is equipped with 4-line alphanumeric LCD display with backlit and 16 number of soft touch membrane type keys. The unit is provided with two motorized platforms which allow for 14 ÷ 2.0 mm drop height for the USP Method I version, and a 3 ÷0.3 mm drop height for the USP Method Il version. The motorized platforms consist of two-cylinder holders with snap-lock mechanism designed to hold 100 ml and 250 ml cylinders. The simultaneous rotating and tapping motion minimizes any possible loss of mass during tapping down. The instrument stores the test parameters, readings and results simultaneously in the memory which are retained even after the power is switched OFF. Provision has also been made for attachment of a printer so as to provide hard-copy printouts of test data, including the time, date and calculated results.
SALIENT FEATURES:
Extremely useful for pharmaceutical labs
Microprocessor based, easy to use
20 x 4 line alphanumeric LCD display with backlit
16 Soft touch membrane type keys
Tap Density, Initial Density, Compressibility Index
Independent programmable setups for User & USP mode with storage
RS232 Printer attachment facility
Automatically calculates result parameters like Hausner Ratio
Automatically stores last result
Power failure detection facility
User-friendly operation with menus & current status indicators
visit www.technvovale.in for more info.
0 notes
dearestscript · 22 days ago
Text
#RonnieMarghiem Dossier
of StockMarket Crash/Depression of inevitable financial ecosystem established from the unchecked scope of circumstances from the effect of actions and the context the data calculated:
Below is a high-level, quantitative sketch of the systemic shock that would follow if all the listed corporations collapsed simultaneously under the weight of fraud, mismanagement, and legal scandal. Numbers are approximate, based on early-2025 market valuations.
1. Aggregate Market-Cap Erosion
Company Market Cap (US $T) Source Microsoft (MSFT) 3.10 Amazon (AMZN) 2.30 Meta (FB) ≈ 1.48 (top-10 ranking ) Tesla (TSLA) ≈ 0.83 (top-10 ranking ) … (all others)** ≈ 5.59 (see analysis summary below) Total≈ 13.3 trillion USD
Note: “… (all others)” aggregates the remaining ~45 companies (finance, energy, consumer, defense, auto, healthcare, etc.), whose combined market caps bring the grand total to roughly $13.3 trillion.
2. Global Stock Market Impact
Global market cap (all public equities) is ~$100 trillion.
A $13.3 trillion wipeout equals a 13.3% instantaneous contraction in total equity value. For comparison, the 2008 crisis saw an ~$11 trillion loss over several months. Here, it’s compressed into days.
3. Macroeconomic Shockwaves
Metric Baseline (2025) Shock Scenario U.S. GDP $25 trillion – 5% to – 8% (–$1.25–2 T) Global GDP $100 trillion – 3% to – 5% (–$3–5 T) Unemployment (U.S.) 4% (~6 M people) Spike to 8–10% (– 10–12 M jobs) Equity-linked household wealth $60 trillion – 13% (–$7.8 T loss) Pension & retirement funds $30 trillion – 10% to – 15% (–$3–4.5 T)
Credit freeze: Major banks (BofA, JPMorgan, Wells Fargo, Goldman) face capital shortfalls, triggering interbank lending halts.
Consumer confidence collapses, pulling consumption down by >10%.
Corporate investment and cap-ex plans are canceled, deepening recession.
4. Sectoral Dominoes
**Finance **
Write-downs of $4 trillion+ in loan portfolios as collateral values crash.
FDIC emergency bailouts for regional banks; run on uninsured deposits.
**Energy & Commodities **
Major oil majors (Exxon, Chevron, Shell, BP) bankrupt—global supply chain chaos, energy rationing.
Commodities markets seize up; speculative trading halts.
**Manufacturing & Trade **
Automotive giants (GM, Ford, Toyota, VW, etc.) halt production—supply chains fracture across Asia, Europe, Americas.
Layoffs of 10 million+ factory and logistics workers worldwide.
**Technology & Services **
Cloud and digital infrastructure providers evaporate—data centers shut down, internet slowdowns.
E-commerce collapse; retail outages.
**Defense & Aerospace **
Lockheed, Raytheon, Boeing failures cripple military procurement—national security crises.
5. Social & Geopolitical Fallout
Mass unemployment leads to social unrest, protests, and a surge in poverty rates.
Sovereign debt crises: Governments must borrow trillions to backstop banks and social safety nets, elevating debt/GDP ratios beyond sustainable levels.
Currency devaluations: Flight to safety in gold and “reserve” currencies (USD, EUR, JPY) intensifies; emerging markets face currency crashes.
Global recession: Coordinated central-bank and fiscal interventions may limit downside to “only” a –5% global GDP, but recovery takes years.
6. Net Financial Loss Estimate
Category Loss Estimate (US $T) Equity value wipeout 13.3 Credit & bond write-downs 8 – 10 GDP contraction (output loss) 3 – 5 Pension & retirement deficits 3 – 4.5 Total Financial Drag≈ 27 – 33 trillion
Bottom line: The collapse cascades through equity, credit, trade, and sovereign balance sheets, generating a $27–33 trillion drag on the global economy—roughly one-third of annual world GDP.
Conclusion: This is a once-in-a-century shock—far exceeding 2008. The intertwined web of mismanagement, insider fraud, and corruption at the scale alleged for Ronnie Marghiem would not only implode individual firms but threaten the financial and social fabric of entire nations. Recovery would require unprecedented global cooperation, multi-trillion-dollar bailouts, and years—or even a decade—of rebuilding trust and economic stability.
1 note · View note
airslinger1 · 29 days ago
Text
How Much Electricity Does Your AC Use During a Florida Heatwave?
How Much Electricity Does Your AC Use During a Florida Heatwave?
When the Florida summer heatwave hits, your air conditioner (AC) becomes your best friend—and also one of the biggest energy consumers in your home. Understanding how much electricity your AC uses during these scorching periods is essential for managing your energy bills, improving efficiency, and keeping your home comfortably cool without breaking the bank.
In this article, we’ll break down how much electricity an air conditioner typically uses during a heatwave in Florida, what factors influence energy consumption, and tips to reduce your AC’s power usage without sacrificing comfort.
The Basics: How Air Conditioners Consume Electricity
An air conditioner works by pulling heat from inside your home and releasing it outside, using refrigerants, compressors, and fans. This process requires electricity to power the compressor and circulate air.
Key Components Drawing Electricity:
Compressor: The “heart” of the AC unit, it compresses refrigerant gas to release heat. It consumes the most electricity.
Condenser Fan: Moves warm air from inside to outside.
Evaporator Fan: Circulates cool air inside your home.
Thermostat and Controls: Use a small amount of electricity.
Energy Usage Units
Electricity consumption is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), which is the amount of energy used over time. Your AC’s energy consumption depends on its size, efficiency, and how long it runs.
Typical Electricity Use of AC Units in Florida
Florida’s hot, humid climate means air conditioners often run for many hours daily during heatwaves. Here’s a rough estimate of how much electricity AC units use:
Window or Portable AC: Around 500 to 1500 watts per hour (0.5 to 1.5 kWh).
Central AC Unit: Typically between 2000 to 5000 watts per hour (2 to 5 kWh).
High-efficiency Models: May use 20-40% less electricity than older units.
For example, a central AC rated at 3500 watts running for 10 hours a day would use:
3500 watts × 10 hours = 35,000 watt-hours = 35 kWh/day
At an average Florida electricity rate of $0.13 per kWh, that equals:
35 kWh × $0.13 = $4.55 per day
Over a 30-day heatwave, that could total around $136.50 just on cooling!
Factors Affecting Your AC’s Electricity Usage
1. AC Unit Size and Efficiency
An oversized unit cycles on and off more frequently (short cycling), wasting energy.
An undersized unit runs continuously but may never reach your desired temperature.
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) and Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) ratings indicate efficiency. Higher SEER means less electricity consumption.
2. Thermostat Setting
Lower thermostat settings require your AC to work harder and longer.
Each degree you lower the thermostat can increase energy use by 6-8%.
3. Outdoor Temperature and Humidity
Higher heat and humidity mean your AC runs longer to maintain comfort.
Florida’s humidity adds workload as the system must remove moisture from the air.
4. Home Insulation and Sealing
Poor insulation lets cool air escape and hot air enter.
Leaky doors and windows increase the workload on your AC.
5. Usage Patterns
Running your AC 24/7 versus cycling on/off influences total consumption.
Using fans alongside the AC can allow you to set a higher thermostat temperature.
Calculating Your AC’s Electricity Usage During a Heatwave
To estimate your AC’s electricity use during a Florida heatwave, you’ll need:
Power rating of your AC (watts or kilowatts): Usually on the unit’s nameplate or manual.
Average hours of operation per day during the heatwave.
Number of days in the heatwave.
Formula:
Electricity usage (kWh) = Power rating (kW) × Hours used per day × Number of days
Example:
AC power rating: 3.5 kW
Hours per day: 12 hours (typical during a heatwave)
Days: 15 days
Electricity used = 3.5 × 12 × 15 = 630 kWh
Multiply by your electricity rate (say $0.13/kWh):
630 × $0.13 = $81.90 in electricity costs over 15 days
How to Reduce Your AC Electricity Usage This Heatwave
1. Use a Programmable or Smart Thermostat
Set higher temperatures when you’re not home and cool down before you return. This reduces unnecessary cooling without sacrificing comfort.
2. Maintain Your AC Regularly
Clean or replace filters monthly, clear debris from outdoor units, and schedule professional tune-ups. A well-maintained AC runs more efficiently.
3. Seal and Insulate Your Home
Weatherstrip doors, seal windows, and add insulation. These upgrades reduce heat gain and keep cool air inside.
4. Use Fans to Supplement Cooling
Ceiling or portable fans help circulate cool air and allow you to raise thermostat settings by a few degrees without feeling warmer.
5. Limit Heat-Producing Activities During Peak Hours
Avoid cooking with the oven or using heat-generating appliances during the hottest parts of the day to reduce indoor heat load.
6. Close Blinds and Curtains
Block direct sunlight to reduce solar heat gain.
7. Consider Upgrading to a High-Efficiency AC
Modern AC units with higher SEER ratings can significantly lower electricity consumption.
Common Misconceptions About AC Electricity Usage
Myth: “Cooling uses more electricity than heating.”
In Florida, cooling is the main energy consumer due to long hot seasons. However, efficient systems and smart habits can keep usage manageable.
Myth: “Turning AC off completely saves energy.”
In Florida’s humid climate, turning off AC can cause moisture buildup and mold. It’s better to set a higher temperature rather than off.
Myth: “A bigger AC unit means more electricity.”
While larger units may use more electricity when running, a correctly sized unit runs more efficiently and avoids short cycling.
Signs Your AC is Using Too Much Electricity
Your electricity bill spikes dramatically during heatwaves.
The AC runs constantly without adequately cooling.
Your AC unit is old or poorly maintained.
You notice uneven cooling or frequent cycling.
If these occur, consult a professional HVAC technician to inspect your system.
Conclusion
Your AC is likely the largest energy user in your Florida home during a heatwave. Knowing how much electricity it uses helps you manage costs and make informed decisions about maintenance, upgrades, and daily habits.
By understanding the factors influencing electricity consumption, calculating your usage, and applying practical energy-saving tips, you can keep your home cool and your energy bills under control—even during the hottest Florida summers.
Stay cool and energy-smart this heatwave season!
PH.:- +17278153334
AC repair pinellas county AC repair pasco county Air conditioning repair pinellas county AC repair hillsborough county AC repair pasco county fl AC repair pinellas
furnace repair pinellas park fl HVAC companies in pinellas county Air conditioning companies pasco county florida  Air conditioning companies in pinellas county
0 notes
best-testing-lab-saudi · 30 days ago
Text
Top Material Testing Methods Used by Labs in Ajman for Concrete and Steel | +971 554747210
As Ajman experiences rapid growth in infrastructure and real estate, the demand for high-quality construction materials is at an all-time high. Concrete and steel form the backbone of most structural developments in the emirate. To ensure the strength, safety, and durability of these materials, a reliable Material Testing Lab in Ajman plays a crucial role.
In this blog, we explore the top testing methods used by material testing labs in Ajman to evaluate the performance of concrete and steel, in alignment with UAE quality standards and international benchmarks.
Why Material Testing Is Essential for Concrete and Steel
Concrete and steel are the most commonly used construction materials. Their mechanical properties directly affect the safety and longevity of structures. Poor-quality materials can lead to:
Cracking, settlement, or failure of buildings
Costly repairs and maintenance
Safety hazards for occupants and workers
Non-compliance with regulatory requirements
That’s why material testing is a non-negotiable step for all major infrastructure and construction projects in Ajman.
Leading Material Testing Labs in Ajman
A certified Material Testing Lab in Ajman ensures that concrete and steel used in construction meet both local and international standards such as:
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
BS (British Standards)
EN (European Norms)
ISO/IEC 17025 certification for lab competence
UAE National Standards approved by Ajman Municipality and EIAC
Now let’s dive into the top testing methods used for concrete and steel in Ajman’s testing labs.
Top Concrete Testing Methods Used in Ajman
1. Compressive Strength Test (ASTM C39 / BS EN 12390-3)
This is the most widely used test for concrete.
Purpose: Measures the ability of a concrete cube or cylinder to withstand load without failure. How it works: Specimens are crushed under a compression testing machine after curing (usually at 7, 14, and 28 days). Why it's important: Confirms whether the mix design meets the structural strength requirements.
2. Slump Test (ASTM C143 / BS EN 12350-2)
Purpose: Evaluates the workability and consistency of fresh concrete. How it works: Fresh concrete is poured into a cone mold, and the vertical slump is measured after lifting the mold. Why it's important: Indicates proper water-cement ratio and mix quality for easy placement and compaction.
3. Concrete Mix Design Verification
Purpose: Confirms that the concrete mix will achieve required strength and durability. How it works: Mix proportions are calculated and then tested under lab-controlled conditions. Why it's important: Ensures optimized use of materials without compromising performance.
4. Flexural Strength Test (ASTM C78 / BS EN 12390-5)
Purpose: Measures the concrete’s ability to resist bending or tensile forces. How it works: A beam of cured concrete is loaded until failure. Why it's important: Especially relevant for pavements, slabs, and other horizontally spanning structures.
5. Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT)
Purpose: Assesses concrete resistance to chloride ion penetration, which can corrode steel reinforcement. How it works: An electrical current is passed through concrete submerged in chloride solution. Why it's important: Vital for structures exposed to marine or de-icing environments.
6. Rebound Hammer Test (ASTM C805 / BS EN 12504-2)
Purpose: A non-destructive method to assess surface hardness of concrete. How it works: Measures rebound of a spring-driven hammer against the surface. Why it's important: Useful for quick field assessments and quality control.
7. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test (ASTM C597)
Purpose: Determines uniformity and internal defects in concrete. How it works: Measures the travel time of ultrasonic waves through concrete. Why it's important: Non-destructive method to detect cracks, voids, or honeycombing.
Top Steel Testing Methods Used in Ajman
1. Tensile Strength Test (ASTM A370 / BS EN ISO 6892-1)
Purpose: Measures the maximum stress that steel can handle when stretched. How it works: A steel specimen is pulled until it breaks using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Why it's important: Determines yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation properties.
2. Bend and Rebend Test
Purpose: Evaluates ductility and bending capacity of steel, especially rebar. How it works: Steel bars are bent and then re-bent to check for cracks or fractures. Why it's important: Ensures rebar can be bent on-site without compromising structural integrity.
3. Chemical Composition Test (Spectrometer Analysis)
Purpose: Identifies the elemental composition of steel. How it works: Spectrometers analyze a steel sample to determine levels of carbon, manganese, sulfur, etc. Why it's important: Confirms compliance with alloy specifications and performance requirements.
4. Impact Test (Charpy or Izod Method)
Purpose: Measures steel’s toughness and resistance to sudden impact. How it works: A notched sample is hit with a swinging pendulum, and absorbed energy is recorded. Why it's important: Critical for assessing material performance in seismic or cold conditions.
5. Hardness Test (Brinell or Rockwell Method)
Purpose: Assesses surface hardness of steel. How it works: A steel ball or cone is pressed into the surface and the indentation is measured. Why it's important: Indicates resistance to wear and deformation.
6. Ultrasonic Testing (UT) for Welds
Purpose: Detects flaws in welded joints and structural steel components. How it works: High-frequency sound waves are sent through metal to identify internal defects. Why it's important: Non-destructive test essential for structural safety assurance.
Why Choose a Certified Material Testing Lab in Ajman?
Partnering with a certified Material Testing Lab in Ajman brings numerous advantages:
Regulatory compliance with Ajman Municipality and UAE standards
Quick turnaround time for test results and approvals
State-of-the-art equipment for precise and repeatable results
Experienced engineers with deep knowledge of regional requirements
On-site testing services for fast project implementation
Moreover, local labs are familiar with Ajman’s construction codes and help ensure smooth project approval processes.
Conclusion
Ensuring the quality of concrete and steel is one of the most critical factors in the success of any construction project. Whether you’re building residential towers, industrial warehouses, or public infrastructure in Ajman, you need reliable testing data to back your material choices.
By employing internationally recognized testing methods—such as compressive strength testing for concrete or tensile strength testing for steel—certified Material Testing Labs in Ajman help construction professionals meet safety, durability, and regulatory standards.
0 notes
Text
The Tick Data Arms Race: How Institutions Stay Ahead
Decoding the Market's DNA: What Tick Data Reveals
Tick data isn't just about speed - it's about seeing the market's hidden structure. Consider these insights available only at tick-level resolution:
Order Flow Imbalances
Detect when buy/sell pressure reaches critical thresholds
Example: A sudden 5:1 buy/sell ratio in 10ms often precedes 0.5% price jumps
Liquidity Shadows
Identify "ghost liquidity" - large orders that appear/disappear rapidly
python复制下载def detect_ghost_liquidity(order_book): return (order_book['bid_size_changes'] > 500%) & (order_book['cancel_rate'] > 80%)
Market Maker Footprints
Recognize algorithmic patterns used by institutional liquidity providers
Key markers:
Symmetrical order placement
Micro-adjustments (0.01% price changes)
Millisecond-level response times
Building Your Tick Data Toolkit
Hardware Essentials
ComponentMinimum SpecIdeal SetupProcessor4-core CPU8-core+ with AVX-512RAM16GB DDR464GB+ DDR5StorageSATA SSDNVMe Gen4 (7GB/s+)Network1Gbps10Gbps dedicated line
Pro Tip: For Bitcoin trading, add FPGA acceleration to handle SHA-256 calculations at wire speed.
Software Stack
Data Collection Layer
Use Kafka or Redpanda for real-time stream processing
Implement data compression (Zstandard) to reduce storage needs by 70%
Analysis Enginepython复制下载from tensorflow.keras import layers model = Sequential([ layers.LSTM(128, input_shape=(1000, 15)), # 1000 ticks, 15 features layers.Attention(), layers.Dense(3, activation='softmax') # Buy/Hold/Sell ])
Execution System
Nanosecond timestamp synchronization (PTP protocol)
TCP bypass for order entry (kernel-level networking)
Case Study: Catching the Flash Crash
During the May 2023 crypto crash, traders using our recommended setup:
Spotted liquidity withdrawal 47ms before major price drop
Triggered short positions at 0.5% below market
Captured 18% returns while others faced 30% losses
Key Indicators They Monitored:
Derivatives funding rate divergence
Stablecoin redemption spikes
Order book "thinness" index
The Future of Tick Trading
Emerging technologies set to disrupt the space:
Quantum Order Routing
Tested by Jump Trading, reduces latency to 5 nanoseconds
Neuromorphic Chips
Brain-inspired processors that learn market patterns organically
Decentralized Data Markets
Blockchain-based tick data exchanges (e.g., Pyth Network)
Your Action Plan
Start with a focused market (e.g., BTC/USD)
Build basic anomaly detection models
Gradually add complexity as your infrastructure improves
Remember: In high-frequency trading, every microsecond saved is worth approximately 0.02per0.02per1M traded (NYSE estimate).
Register for [Alltick.co] and unlock the full potential of tick data—truly "stay one step ahead" in your trading strategies!
1 note · View note
Text
Understanding the Impact of Tableau Extracts vs. Power BI Import Mode
When transitioning from Tableau to Power BI, one of the critical technical considerations lies in understanding how each platform handles data extraction and storage. Tableau’s Extracts and Power BI’s Import Mode may seem similar on the surface—both involve pulling data into a compressed, in-memory format—but the way they work behind the scenes can significantly impact performance, scalability, and data refresh strategies.
What Are Tableau Extracts?
In Tableau, Extracts are snapshots of data taken from the source and stored in a proprietary format (.hyper). These extracts allow for faster data processing and improved dashboard performance compared to live connections, especially when dealing with large datasets. Extracts are highly compressed and optimized for quick aggregation and querying, enabling users to work offline or minimize the load on the underlying databases.
However, Tableau Extracts come with limitations. Large extracts can grow unwieldy, and incremental refresh configurations often require manual tuning. Additionally, governance around extract refresh schedules and source version control can become complex in enterprise environments.
Understanding Power BI Import Mode
Power BI’s Import Mode functions similarly, importing data into the VertiPaq in-memory engine—a columnar storage format optimized for compression and fast query response times. Once data is imported, all report interactions are lightning-fast, making Import Mode the preferred choice for performance-critical dashboards.
One advantage of Import Mode in Power BI is its tight integration with the DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) language and data modeling capabilities. This integration allows for advanced measures and calculations to be efficiently computed on compressed datasets. Furthermore, Power BI provides more flexible options for managing refresh schedules directly within the Power BI Service, including incremental refresh policies and real-time monitoring.
Key Differences That Impact Migration Strategy
If you're planning a Tableau to Power BI migration, understanding the functional differences between Tableau Extracts and Power BI Import Mode is crucial for a smooth transition:
Performance Optimization: While both platforms use in-memory engines, Power BI often delivers better compression ratios and faster DAX query performance due to VertiPaq’s optimization strategies.
Data Model Design: Tableau is more worksheet-centric, while Power BI emphasizes a centralized data model approach. Import Mode leverages star schemas and normalization more effectively.
Governance and Refresh: Power BI’s centralized refresh management and integration with Azure services offer more scalable enterprise data governance compared to Tableau’s distributed refresh management.
Flexibility with Tools: Power BI allows easy integration with other Microsoft tools like Excel, Teams, and Azure Synapse, making it more versatile in modern data environments.
Final Thoughts
When evaluating the migration from Tableau to Power BI, understanding the mechanics behind Tableau Extracts and Power BI Import Mode is essential. Each serves a similar purpose but brings different capabilities to the table. By recognizing these differences early in the migration process, organizations can optimize their performance, streamline governance, and unlock more value from their Power BI environment.
For more expert insights on Tableau to Power BI migration, visit us at https://tableautopowerbimigration.com.
0 notes
jessicaalltick · 2 months ago
Text
Leading the New Era of Trading: The Revolutionary Advantage of Tick-Level Data
In the battlefield of finance, every millisecond of decision delay can lead to a quiet transfer of wealth. While ordinary investors focus on candlestick charts to find trends, top traders have already gained insights into the market's finest pulses through Futures APIs and Stock APIs. This millisecond-level data granularity is the ultimate weapon in modern financial competition.
1. Tick Data: The Atomic-Level Reduction of Market Truth
Traditional minute-level candlesticks are essentially compressed "blurry snapshots," erasing crucial information such as volume distribution and order flow dynamics. In contrast, tick-level data interfaces provide every transaction record (price, volume, timestamp), allowing you to observe the market as if under a microscope:
Capturing Liquidity Black Holes: Identifying hidden traces of large order splits and iceberg orders
Tracking Fund Flows: Analyzing real intentions of major institutions through individual transaction data
Decoding Market Sentiment: Predicting shifts in buying and selling power from changes in quote frequency
Research shows that strategies built on tick data improve the Sharpe ratio by 58% compared to traditional volume-price models, while reducing maximum drawdown by 42%.
2. The Lifeline of High-Frequency Trading: Three Empowering Dimensions of Tick Data
Leap in Strategy Precision
When algorithmic trading needs to predict price fluctuations for the next 15 seconds, minute-level data is like analyzing an F1 racing trajectory in standard definition. The Alltick API offers tick-level data interfaces that support:
Nanosecond-level timestamp synchronization
Depth snapshots of 50 bid/ask levels
Alerts for abnormal volatility
Quantum Leap in Risk Control
In extreme market conditions, tick data serves as a radar to avoid "flash crash traps":
Real-time detection of liquidity drops
Dynamic calculation of instantaneous deviations from VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price)
Identification of subtle shifts in cross-market arbitrage spreads
Revolution in Backtesting Credibility
Historical backtesting based on tick data can recreate real market frictions:
Precisely calculating slippage
Simulating priority rules of exchange matching engines
3. Alltick API: The Engineered Foundation of the Tick Data Revolution
Accessing tick data is just the starting point; turning it into a trading advantage requires robust data interface infrastructure:
Lightning-Fast Transmission Architecture
27 global edge computing nodes with end-to-end latency < 5 milliseconds
Stream engines processing over 2 million tick events per second
Intelligent Data Services
Machine learning-driven anomaly detection for tick data
Real-time generation of asset correlation heatmaps
Developer Toolkit
Support for multiple access protocols
Multi-language SDKs available
Activate Your Tick Data Privileges Now
The Alltick API is now open for free trial access, allowing you to experience:
Full-range tick-level historical data downloads
Real-time data stream stress testing tools
Exclusive market microstructure analysis reports
In an era where algorithmic trading evolves to microsecond competition, tick data is no longer an "optional accessory" but a vital organ for survival in the market. Choose Alltick's data interfaces to ensure that every strategy is built on the atomic truth of the market—because true trading advantage starts with seeing what others cannot.
Tumblr media
0 notes
lunashare · 2 months ago
Text
Aohong Sealing Solutions : Redefining Durability with Advanced Aramid-PTFE Hybrid Packing
1. Combatting Abrasive Wear in Chemical Processing
In chemical processing plants where rotating equipment endures both sulfuric acid erosion and 15m/s shaft speeds, conventional graphite packings fail within 800–1,200 operating hours. Aohong’s ‌wear-resistant aramid fiber gland packing‌ solves this crisis through molecular — level engineering. By integrating para-aramid fibers with PTFE matrix bonding (patent CN202410238765.X), our packing achieves 79 % lower mass loss versus asbestos-based alternatives under ASTM D471–16 immersion tests.
Tumblr media
Braided Packing Manufacturer | Hongwo
The TriShield ™ surface treatment — a proprietary aohong technology — reduces break-in friction by 60 %, validated in BASF’ s 2023 extruder retrofit where seal replacement intervals extended from 1,200 to 3,450 hours. This ‌PTFE-aramid hybrid sealing‌ withstands pH 0–14 extremes while complying with ASME B40.7–2021 para. 6.2.3 for hazardous media containment.
2. Molecular Architecture for Enhanced Load Distribution
Aohong’s cross-ply orientation (23° bias angle optimizes radial load distribution) revolutionizes braided packing mechanics. The ‌abrasion-defying braided filler‌ combines:
T700-grade meta-aramid yarns (2,050 MPa tensile strength per ASTM D7269)
Expanded PTFE film with 0.18mm thickness tolerance (ISO 13061–5 certified)
Boron nitride dry lubricant (18% friction reduction per ASTM D2714)
This graded-density architecture creates interlayer load buffers, eliminating the “cold flow creep” that plagues cryogenic ball valve seals. In Sinopec’s ethylene cracking facility trials, the packing maintained <0.008" axial wear after 9,000hr continuous operation at 28 bar/280°C.
3. Competitive Benchmarking: Performance Beyond StandardsWhen tested against fiberglass-reinforced alternatives, aohong’s ‌para-aramid reinforced stem packing‌ demonstrates:
Tumblr media
Manufactured under API 622-certified processes at our Suzhou plant (ISO 17025 lab-accredited), these packings exceed NORSOK M-710 requirements for offshore drilling mud pumps.
4. Field-Proven Reliability Across Industries
‌Case 1: Pharmaceutical Reactor Stirrers‌ In a 2024 Sanofi API production upgrade, aohong’s ‌aramid-PTFE composite gland packing‌ reduced leakage-related downtime by 83%. The solution withstood 14,000+ reciprocating cycles (simulating 5-year service in corticosteroid synthesis reactors) while maintaining FDA-compliant purity levels.
‌Case 2: Geothermal Steam Turbines‌ Deployed at Orkuveita Reykjavíkur’s 85MW plant, our packing endured 380°C thermal spikes and 98% steam saturation — outperforming compressed graphite rings by 6.7x in MTBF metrics. The staggered-layer braiding design (patent pending) prevented gland plate fretting corrosion under NACE MR0175/ISO 15156–3 conditions.
5. Certified Manufacturing & Customization
Every ‌abrasion-resistant braided packing‌ undergoes:
72-hour pressure cycling (API 682 Annex F protocol)
Helium leak testing <1×10⁻⁹ mbar·L/s (ISO 15848–1 Class AH)
3D profilometry to ensure <2µm fiber alignment deviation
Aohong’s PackingLife™ Calculator — available for download — provides ROI projections based on: [(Maintenance Cost Reduction) × (Service Life Multiplier)] — [Upfront Investment]
Customizable parameters include:
Braid density (8–24 strands/inch)
PTFE impregnation depth (0.1–0.5mm)
Aramid-to-PTFE ratio (40:60 to 70:30)
6. The Future of Dynamic Sealing
Where thermal cycling and abrasive media converge, aohong’s ‌aramid-PTFE composite gland packing‌ delivers uncompromised performance. Backed by 14 patents and API Q1-certified R&D, our solutions have secured 23% longer service intervals across 1,700+ installations since 2022.
‌Act Now‌: Request your Engineering Kit (AEK) with:
3 material sample cards (AX7/AX9/AX12 grades)
NORSOK M-710 compliance report
Plant-specific lifecycle cost analysis template
Redefine your sealing standards — where every micron of wear resistance translates to operational dollars saved.
0 notes