#Computing & information processing

[jcmarchi]

It Is Possible to 'Poison' the Data to Compromise AI Chatbots With Little Effort - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/it-is-possible-to-poison-the-data-to-compromise-ai-chatbots-with-little-effort-technology-org/

It Is Possible to 'Poison' the Data to Compromise AI Chatbots With Little Effort - Technology Org

According to researchers, individuals could potentially disrupt the accuracy of AI chatbots by intentionally contaminating the datasets upon which these systems rely, all for a minimal cost.

Coding a chatbot – illustrative photo. Image credit: James Harrison via Unsplash, free license

As it stands, AI chatbots already exhibit biases and deficiencies attributable to the flawed data on which they are trained. The researchers’ investigation described on Business Insider revealed that malevolent actors could deliberately introduce “poisoned” data into these datasets, with some methods requiring little technical expertise and being relatively inexpensive.

A recent study conducted by AI researchers unveiled that, with as little as $60, individuals could manipulate the datasets essential for training generative AI tools akin to ChatGPT, which are crucial for providing precise responses.

These AI systems, whether chatbots or image generators, leverage vast amounts of data extracted from the expansive digital realm of the internet to generate sophisticated responses and images.

Florian Tramèr, an associate professor of computer science at ETH Zurich, highlighted the effectiveness of this approach in empowering chatbots. However, he also underscored the inherent risk associated with training AI tools on potentially inaccurate data.

This reliance on potentially flawed data sources contributes to the prevalence of biases and inaccuracies in AI chatbots. Given the abundance of misinformation on the internet, these systems are susceptible to incorporating erroneous information into their responses, further undermining their reliability and trustworthiness.

Through their investigation, researchers discovered that even a “low-resourced attacker,” armed with modest financial resources and sufficient technical expertise, could manipulate a relatively small portion of data to substantially influence the behavior of a large language model, causing it to produce inaccurate responses.

Examining two distinct attack methods, Tramèr and his colleagues explored the potential of poisoning data through the acquisition of expired domains and manipulation of Wikipedia content.

For instance, one avenue for hackers to poison the data involves purchasing expired domains, which can be obtained for as little as $10 annually for each URL, and then disseminating any desired information on these websites.

According to Tramèr’s paper, an attacker could effectively control and contaminate at least 0.01% of a dataset by investing as little as $60 in purchasing domains. This equates to potentially influencing tens of thousands of images within the dataset.

The team also explored an alternative attack strategy, focusing on the manipulation of data within Wikipedia. Given that Wikipedia serves as a “crucial component of the training datasets” for language models, Tramèr emphasized its significance in this context.

According to the author, Wikipedia prohibits direct scraping of its content, instead offering periodic “snapshots” of its pages for download. These snapshots are captured at regular intervals, as publicly advertised on Wikipedia’s website, ensuring predictability in their availability.

Tramèr’s team outlined a relatively straightforward attack approach involving strategically timed edits to Wikipedia pages. Exploiting the predictable nature of Wikipedia’s snapshot intervals, a malicious actor could execute edits just before moderators have an opportunity to revert the changes and before the platform generates new snapshots.

This method allows for the surreptitious insertion of manipulated information into Wikipedia pages, potentially influencing the content used to train language models without raising immediate suspicion.

Tramèr suggests hat at least 5% of edits orchestrated by an attacker could successfully infiltrate the system. However, the success rate of such attacks would likely exceed 5%, he said.

Following their analysis, Tramèr’s team shared their findings with Wikipedia and proposed measures to enhance security, such as introducing randomness into the timing of webpage snapshots, mitigating the predictability exploited by potential attackers.

Written by Alius Noreika

You can offer your link to a page which is relevant to the topic of this post.

[babylaptop]

setting up an ipod is harder than you fucking think

just spent the last life four+ hours setting up this ipod classic 4th gen. here's a summary of all the problems i ran into:

(1) ipod had files in it. they appeared as gray and un-editable on itunes, so i thought reseting the ipod to factory would be the fastest and easiest solution.

turns out the last step of the process is connecting ipod to a wall power source. i do this. nothing happens for at least an hour. ipod is stuck in "connect to the wall" icon screen no matter what i do. the internet says it needs to connect with an actual apple firewire wall connector, which i do not have. tried using my ipad's charger with a usb-to-usb-c adapter that i own. didn't work. eventually figured it out the problem had to do with the amps it needs to get defibrillated. i remember that i own a pretty hefty power bank with a 5v/2.1a output. it works. ipod is reset. i have a nice fun time adding the 6 or so songs i have downloaded on my computer (:

(2) i had downloaded soulseek a while ago and gotten frustrated with it but decided to give it another spin since piracy experts on reddit sing it many praises. it seems to have a heavy culture of egalitarianism: a pop up window informs you that a lot of people's download's are restricted only to other people sharing files.

__(2.1) it prompts me to enter my account and password but i don't have one. there isn't an immediatly visible 'create account' link. i google this. eventually i find this soulseek forum where a ton of normies are asking questions pretty regularly. excellent. i search my problems and someone else has already made a post and had the question answered. thank you normies. also: google groups is still a thing???????

the inability to create an account is a weird bug. someone's answer tells me how to circumvent it.

__(2.2) i still can't search for anything. there are no files in this wasteland. i turn on my vpn. put my humble six songs in a folder and share it. voila!!!!!!!

soulseek is actually VERY cool. you can browse other people's music folders, which opens an incredible secret world of possibilities re: finding new music similar to your tastes. EXTREMELY exciting. feels like i'm in a cool secret club of the internet. feels like the old internet.

i download one (1) lana del rey song that's stuck in my head. choose .flac (a lossless audio file) because i want to be fancy.

(3) ...........itunes doesn't read .flac files

__(3.1) searches: what files does itunes read? > which of these files is best for lossless audio? > how do i convert .flac files to itunes-compatible file types? > download foobar2000 > click around till i figure out how to convert .flac files to .wav files.

__(3.2) it works! (: the songs are now in itunes! (:

............but the metadata (album cover, genres, artist, album, etc) doesn't transfer. i don't want to manually input it again. searches: how to keep metadata when converting files? tutorial is slightly different from the version of foobar i have, but i eventually find the setting to keep the metadata.

(4) it works! (:

.............but it won't transfer to my ipod ): i get the message: your ipod can't read this file <- paraphrasing.

okay. searches: what kind of files can an ipod classic 4th gen read? (perhaps they are different from the files itunes can read. this is, after all, the last version of itunes ever released, many years and itunes versions after the ipod classic 4th gen.)

this information isn't in the wikipedia page. this isn't in the ipod wiki. can't even find this model in the official apple pages. it's mentioned in several reviews but it's the wrong model. christ almighty. ok. here it is. found it. allegedly it should be able to read it. ok. why isn't it.

read through forum threads. some people say older ipods get fussy with high bitrates. (search: what is a bitrate? oh ok. higher bitrate > higher audio quality. got it.)

bitrates reccomended by foobar: 180-300something. lossless file bitrate: 2000 and change. hm. surely that's a huge difference.

i convert the .flac file to .mp3 instead.

__(4.1) it works! (: the files are in my ipod! (:

.....but goddamnit, i'm stubborn, and this goddamn ipod is supposed to be able to read apple lossless files (basically a .flac file, but designed to be used with apple products. lol.) i don't want a lameass mp3, i want lossless goddamn quality! even if this brick of an ipod won't be able to play it! it's the principle of the thing!

______(4.1.1) okay. try to fuck around with bitrates in the settings of the apple lossless conversion on foobar. foobar is like "you don't have the right encoder pack, bitch" <- paraphrasing.

oooh. surely, this is the problem. i download encoder pack.

______(4.1.2) foobar is like: "you don't have the right encoder pack, bitch" <- paraphrasing.

me: [crying] but i did.

foobar: bitch.

______(4.1.3) search: why is foobar calling me a bitch? > reddit thread: look closely at the sphynx's riddles three: it doesn't say "you haven't downloaded the encoder pack." it says: you haven't installed the encoder pack. (<- NOT A JOKE.)

go to C: > program files > foobar > find the encoder pack i downloaded > click on all the .exe files. powershell windows appear and dissappear. basically: stuff happened. i'm certian.

_____________(3.4.3.1) i'm STILL getting the riddles three message, but the same reddit thread says: if you know you solved th riddles three, you can just ignore it (: so i do.

__(4.2) .flac files seem to have been successfully converted to apple lossless files !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

....but i am back to "your ipod can't read this shit!!!!!!!!!"

do some more searches > turns out it's a weird itunes glitch. the thing is just moody. try turning it on and off. try disconnecting and re-connecting. try resetting your ipod again.

try uninstalling and installing again.

(5) "iTunes Library.itl cannot be read because it was created by a newer version of iTunes"

.......................to be continued. if i don't kill mysuelf first.

[hrstaq]

HRstaq

HIRE TO RETIRE HRstaq: Employee Experience Simplified. Modern workplace demands agility. HRstaq, a Human Resource Management System (HRMS), empowers organizations to adapt and grow. By streamlining HR processes, enhancing employee experiences, and empowering employees, HRstaq provides an intuitive and scalable platform that propels your business forward

Contact Us:

HRstaq

812, Block 5, MH2 Building, Hyderabad, 500009

contact@hrstaq.com

+91 817 994 ​7020

Social links

https://x.com/hrstaq

Keywords

human resource management information system

hrm management

hr software

payroll software

hrms system

hrm system

human resource software

hrms systems

software hr

human resource management system

hris system

human resource system

human resource information system

hr is system

payroll system

human resource solution

hr management information system

human resource management service

human resource information

hr information systems

hr in software

hris hr system

hris human resource information system

hr software software

hris information system

payroll computer software

core hrms

human resources in information system

[seoresellerca]

Key Tips for Better Mobile Design in Victoria

Mobile websites have become the need of the hour for businesses. Many people make accessing and purchasing decisions through their smartphones. An effective mobile design is no longer a choice but a necessity. The business community needs strategic Victoria mobile website design to capture local audiences and ensure seamless user experiences.

Responsive Design

This approach will automatically change the layout and content of the website. A good design makes sure that your website looks great on all devices. Victoria mobile website design should prioritize flexibility. Your website must look perfect whether viewed on a smartphone or desktop computer.

Speed Optimization Strategies

Mobile users are more impatient, and Websites that load slowly lose potential customers. Businesses must focus on speed optimization. Compress images and use efficient hosting solutions. Aim for load times under three seconds and Faster websites improve user experience and search engine rankings.

Navigation Simplification

Mobile screens are smaller, so navigation must be simple and intuitive. Make sure you are using clear and large buttons. Implement dropdown menus and ensure important information is easily accessible within two taps. Victoria mobile website design should prioritize user-friendly navigation that reduces user frustration.

Performance Tracking and Improvement

Regularly monitor your mobile website's performance. Use tools like Google Analytics to understand user behaviour. Track metrics such as bounce rates and conversion rates. Continuously refine your design based on real user data.

Technical Considerations

Implement modern web technologies. Use HTML5 and CSS3 for better performance and ensure cross-browser compatibility. Consider accelerated mobile pages (AMP) for faster loading. Victoria mobile website design should leverage the latest technological standards.

In Conclusion

Making a mobile website is not a one-time process. Always keep up with the trends and advancements in technology. A mobile website, well designed, can make all the difference for your business in Victoria.

[ai-seo-services]

How NLP Enhances Voice Search Optimization

Voice search is no longer a futuristic concept; it’s a reality changing how we interact with technology daily. At the heart of this revolution is Natural Language Processing (NLP), a branch of artificial intelligence that enables machines to understand and respond to human language. But how exactly does NLP enhance optimization? Let’s delve into the world of NLP, explore effective strategies, and share tips for optimizing for NLP content for this burgeoning technology.

Understanding NLP and Its Role in Voice Search

What is NLP?

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of AI that focuses on the interaction between computers and humans through natural language. It involves teaching machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language in a way that is both meaningful and useful.

The Rise of Voice Search

Voice search allows users to speak queries into their devices instead of typing them. This technology has gained immense popularity due to its convenience and the increasing accuracy of voice recognition systems.

How NLP Powers Voice Search

NLP enhances voice search by enabling machines to understand the nuances of human speech, including context, intent, and semantics. This allows for more accurate and relevant search results.

Effective Voice Search Strategies

Long-Tail Keywords are Key

When it comes to voice search, long-tail keywords are crucial. Users tend to ask more specific questions when speaking compared to typing. For instance, instead of typing “best Italian restaurant,” a user might say, “What is the best Italian restaurant near me?”

Conversational Content

Creating content that mimics natural conversation can significantly improve optimization. This involves using a conversational tone, asking and answering questions, and structuring content to be easily digestible.

Optimizing for Local Search

Many voice searches are local. Phrases like “near me” or “closest” are common in voice queries. Ensuring your business information is accurate and up-to-date on local directories can boost your visibility in search results.

Tips for Optimizing Content for Voice Search

Focus on Natural Language

To optimize with NLP, your content should reflect how people speak naturally. Avoid overly technical jargon unless it’s necessary for your audience.

Implement Structured Data

Using structured data helps search engines understand the context of your content, which is essential for providing relevant search results. Schema markup can be particularly useful here.

Answer Questions Directly

Voice search often involves questions. Structuring your content to directly answer common questions can improve your chances of appearing in search results. Use headers like H3 or H4 to break down questions and answers.

The Role of Featured Snippets

What are Featured Snippets?

Featured snippets are short, direct answers that appear at the top of Google’s search results. They are often the result of search queries, as Google aims to provide quick answers to users’ questions.

How to Optimize for Featured Snippets

To optimize for featured snippets, ensure your content is clear and concise. Use bullet points, numbered lists, and tables to organize information. Directly answer the questions your audience is asking.

Mobile Friendliness

Mobile Optimisation is Crucial

Most voice searches are conducted on mobile devices. Ensuring your website is mobile-friendly is essential for search optimization. This includes fast loading times, easy navigation, and responsive design.

AMP Pages for Speed

Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) can significantly improve your site’s speed on mobile devices. Faster pages are more likely to be favored by search engines, especially for their results.

Leveraging AI Tools for Voice Search

AI-Driven SEO Tools

There are numerous AI-driven SEO tools that can help you optimize. These tools can analyze your content, suggest improvements, and track performance.

Voice Search Analytics

Monitoring and analyzing voice search data can provide insights into how users are finding your content. Use this data to refine your strategies and improve your results.

Examples of Effective Strategies for Voice Search

Domino’s Pizza

Domino’s has implemented a strategy that allows customers to order pizza through voice commands. This seamless integration of voice search into their ordering process has significantly improved customer convenience.

Sephora

Sephora uses voice search to assist customers in finding products and information about beauty routines. Their voice functionality is integrated with their app, making it easy for users to get personalized recommendations.

Optimizing for Voice Search with NLP

Creating Q&A Sections

Including Q&A sections in your content can directly address the way users phrase their voice search queries. Answering questions in a concise and informative manner can enhance your content’s relevance.

Using Natural Phrases

Incorporate natural phrases that people use when speaking. This can include common colloquialisms or regional terms that resonate with your target audience.

Voice Search and E-Commerce

Shopping

Voice search is revolutionizing e-commerce by allowing users to make purchases through voice commands. This trend is particularly popular among busy consumers who value convenience.

Product Descriptions

Optimize your product descriptions for voice search by using natural language and including detailed information that addresses common customer questions.

Integrating NLP in Marketing Strategies for Voice Search

Personalised Marketing

NLP and search optimization can be used to analyze customer interactions and provide personalised marketing messages. This can improve customer engagement and drive sales.

Customer Support

Voice search can enhance customer support by enabling users to find answers to their questions quickly and efficiently. Implementing voice on your support pages can reduce the burden on your support team.

Future of Voice Search and NLP

Continual Improvement

As NLP and voice optimization technology continue to evolve, they will become even more accurate and useful. Businesses that stay ahead of these trends will be well-positioned to benefit from the growing popularity.

Preparing for Changes

Keeping an eye on advancements in NLP optimization can help you adapt your strategies and maintain a competitive edge. Stay informed and be ready to implement new techniques as they emerge.

Conclusion

NLP is at the heart of enhancing search optimization, making interactions with technology more intuitive and efficient. By focusing on natural language, leveraging structured data, and optimizing for local search, you can significantly improve your performance. Remember, the key to success lies in understanding how your audience speaks and tailoring your content accordingly.

For businesses looking to stay ahead in the digital age, investing in search optimization is not just an option; it’s a necessity. Embrace the power of NLP and transform how users find and interact with your content.

For an unparalleled SEO experience, consider AI SEO Services. This agency offers a comprehensive suite of services, from technical SEO and content marketing to SEO and AI-driven strategies. The team at AI SEO Services excels in boosting your online presence, ensuring your content ranks high and reaches your target audience effectively. Embrace the future of SEO with AI SEO Services and see the difference in your digital performance.

[nowdatarecove]

Hard Drive Data Restoration

We all the time attempt to present what the shopper needs at an affordable price. We have the experience, data, data restoration tools, and facilities to get well data from all kinds of exhausting drives. We present a very inexpensive India Now Data Recovery Service. We are your finest first call in case your Mac, Laptop, Desktop or transportable hard drive has failed. Sometimes, laptop computer or exterior onerous disk information recovery may be tedious and cumbersome in case of a bodily damaged drive. This requires extreme restoration procedures, professionally carried out by our exhausting disk data recovery technical consultants in India - Top Data Recovery.

Our services embody hard drive knowledge recovery from laptops, desktops, and even flash drives. We recover all exhausting drive data restoration from any make, mannequin, brand, or working system. We can help with Microsoft &amp; Apple operating systems and issues. We might help with Computer Repairs, system issues, knowledge migration &amp; restoration, network setups and cloud integration for knowledge storage. We ensure the correct security and retrieval of all your data. Our data recovery has very superior tools which incorporate a mixture of software programs and hardware - Hard Disk Data Recover.

When you choose to send your media to us, you probably can relax guarantee that we will maintain your records data 100 percent confidential and do our best to minimize any downtime to your corporation or private IT infrastructure. We continuously receive cases the place a customer was informed that their data is not recoverable solely to finish up recovering all of it in our information restoration lab. Would recommend this service to anybody having information loss issues.

We have the knowledge and ability to address your data recovery needs. Our engineers have experience with many different storage technologies and can successfully recover data from the oldest to the most recent. Data recovery is a specialized, complicated process. Proper hard drive recovery can require manipulation of data at the sector level, transplantation of internal components and various other procedures. These techniques are very involved and require not only talented, knowledgeable technicians. For more information please visit our site https://www.nowdatarecovery.com/

[soundwaves001]

How to Choose the Right DAC for Your Audio Setup: A Comprehensive Guide

In the realm of audio equipment, one component that often gets overlooked but is crucial for high-quality sound reproduction is the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). Whether you’re a seasoned audiophile or just starting to explore the world of high-fidelity audio, choosing the right DAC for your setup can significantly impact your listening experience. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into everything you need to know to make an informed decision when selecting a DAC.

Understanding DAC Basics

Before diving into the selection process, let’s briefly understand what a DAC is and why it’s important. A DAC is a device that converts digital audio signals (ones and zeros) into analog signals that can be played through your speakers or headphones. Essentially, it bridges the gap between your digital audio source (such as a computer or smartphone) and your analog audio equipment.

Factors to Consider

1. Audio Quality:

The primary function of a DAC is to faithfully reproduce the audio signal with as much accuracy and clarity as possible. Look for DACs that offer high-resolution audio support and low distortion levels. Pay attention to specifications such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and total harmonic distortion (THD) to gauge the device’s performance.

2. Connectivity Options:

Consider the devices you’ll be connecting to your DAC. Does it need to support USB, optical, coaxial, or Bluetooth connections? Make sure the DAC you choose has the necessary inputs to accommodate your audio sources. Additionally, check for compatibility with your operating system or devices.

3. Form Factor and Portability:

Depending on your setup, you may prefer a DAC that can easily fit into your existing audio system or one that’s portable for on-the-go use. Compact USB DACs are ideal for desktop setups, while portable DAC/amp combos are great for enhancing the audio quality of your smartphone or laptop while traveling.

4. Amplification:

Some DACs come with built-in headphone amplifiers, which can significantly improve the sound quality when driving high-impedance headphones. If you plan to use your DAC primarily with headphones, consider opting for a model with a dedicated amplifier section.

5. Budget:

DACs come in a wide range of price points, from budget-friendly options to high-end audiophile-grade models. Determine your budget upfront and prioritize features based on your listening preferences and requirements.

Conclusion

Choosing the right DAC for your audio setup involves considering factors such as audio quality, connectivity options, form factor, amplification, and budget. By understanding your requirements and preferences, you can narrow down the options and find a DAC that enhances your listening experience. Whether you’re a casual listener or a discerning audiophile, investing in a quality DAC can unlock the true potential of your audio system.

This Blog post first published on https://medium.com/@soundwaves753/how-to-choose-the-right-dac-for-your-audio-setup-a-comprehensive-guide-5fefcba0d2ad

[bateriapower]

Exploring the Efficiency of 20 MPPT Solar Charge Controllers

In the world of solar energy systems, the efficiency and performance of solar charge controllers play a crucial role in optimizing the power harvested from solar panels. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) solar charge controllers are designed to maximize the energy output from solar panels by continuously adjusting the operating voltage and current to ensure the panels operate at their peak efficiency. Among these, the 20 MPPT solar charge controller stands out for its capacity to handle moderate to larger solar installations. Let's delve into the features, benefits, and applications of 20 MPPT solar charge controllers.

Understanding 20 MPPT Solar Charge Controllers:

What is an MPPT Solar Charge Controller?

20 mppt solar charge controller is an advanced electronic device used in solar energy systems to optimize the efficiency of solar panels. It continuously tracks the maximum power point of the panels and adjusts the voltage and current to extract the maximum available power.

The Significance of 20 MPPT:

A 20 MPPT solar charge controller refers to its capacity to handle up to 20 amps of current. This makes it suitable for systems with moderate to larger solar arrays, allowing for greater flexibility and scalability.

Efficiency and Performance:

20 MPPT solar charge controllers are known for their high efficiency, typically above 99%. This means minimal energy loss during the charging process, maximizing the power harvested from solar panels.

Advanced Features:

These controllers often come equipped with advanced features such as temperature compensation, overcharge protection, reverse polarity protection, and load control capabilities. This ensures the safety and longevity of the entire solar system.

LCD Display and Monitoring:

Many 20 MPPT solar charge controllers feature an LCD display that provides real-time data on solar panel performance, battery status, charging current, and more. This allows users to monitor and optimize their system easily.

Remote Monitoring and Control:

Some models offer remote monitoring and control capabilities, allowing users to access and adjust settings from a smartphone or computer. This is particularly useful for off-grid installations or remote locations.

Benefits of 20 MPPT Solar Charge Controllers:

Increased Efficiency:

By continuously tracking the maximum power point of solar panels, 20 MPPT controllers ensure optimal energy harvest, even in varying weather conditions or shading scenarios.

Faster Charging:

The advanced algorithms of MPPT controllers enable faster charging of batteries compared to traditional PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controllers. This is especially beneficial for off-grid systems with limited sunlight.

Compatibility with Various Battery Types:

20 MPPT controllers are compatible with a wide range of battery types, including lead-acid, lithium-ion, gel, and AGM batteries. This versatility allows for greater flexibility in system design.

Optimized Battery Life:

With features like temperature compensation and overcharge protection, these controllers help extend the life of batteries by ensuring they are charged and maintained at optimal levels.

Scalability:

The capacity to handle up to 20 amps of current makes 20 MPPT controllers suitable for systems of various sizes. Whether it's a small residential installation or a larger commercial project, these controllers offer scalability.

Data Monitoring and Analysis:

The LCD display and remote monitoring capabilities provide valuable insights into system performance. Users can analyze data, identify trends, and make informed decisions to optimize their solar energy system.

Applications of 20 MPPT Solar Charge Controllers:

Residential Solar Systems:

Ideal for homeowners looking to maximize the efficiency of their solar panels and battery storage systems. They ensure optimal charging and utilization of solar energy for residential needs.

Commercial and Industrial Installations:

Suitable for larger-scale solar installations on commercial buildings, factories, and industrial facilities. The scalability and efficiency of 20 MPPT controllers make them a preferred choice for such projects.

Off-Grid and Remote Systems:

In off-grid or remote locations where reliable power sources are limited, 20 MPPT controllers ensure efficient charging of batteries using solar energy. This includes applications such as remote cabins, RVs, and telecommunications towers.

Solar Street Lights and Outdoor Lighting:

Used in solar-powered street lights and outdoor lighting systems, where efficient charging and battery management are essential for reliable operation.

Agricultural and Farming Applications:

Farming operations, such as irrigation systems, livestock management, and remote agricultural setups, can benefit from the efficiency and reliability of 20 MPPT solar charge controllers.

Conclusion:

In the realm of solar energy systems, the 20 MPPT solar charge controller stands out as a reliable and efficient solution for optimizing the performance of solar panels and battery storage. Its ability to track the maximum power point, coupled with advanced features and scalability, makes it a versatile choice for residential, commercial, off-grid, and various other applications. By investing in a 20 MPPT solar charge controller, users can maximize their energy harvest, extend battery life, and enjoy the benefits of a robust and efficient solar energy system. Whether it's for powering homes, businesses, farms, or outdoor lighting, these controllers play a vital role in harnessing the power of the sun for sustainable energy solutions.

For more info. visit us:

PWM Solar Charge Controller

lifepo4 battery 12v 100ah

XT60 connector extension cable

[jcmarchi]

First Brain Chip Implant from Musk's Neuralink a Success: Patient Played Online Chess, Civilization VI - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/first-brain-chip-implant-from-musks-neuralink-a-success-patient-played-online-chess-civilization-vi-technology-org/

First Brain Chip Implant from Musk's Neuralink a Success: Patient Played Online Chess, Civilization VI - Technology Org

Elon Musk’s Neuralink showcased its first brain-chip patient after a successful implantation procedure playing online chess through a live stream on Wednesday.

Neuralink brain chip implantation demo. Image credit: Steve Jurvetson via Flickr, CC BY 2.0

Noland Arbaugh, a 29-year-old individual paralyzed below the shoulder due to a diving accident, utilized his mind to maneuver the cursor on his laptop via the Neuralink device. This innovative implant aims to empower individuals to manipulate a computer cursor or keyboard solely through their thoughts.

Arbaugh, who had received the Neuralink implant in January, was previously able to control a computer mouse with his thoughts, as disclosed by Musk last month.

In the streamed video on Musk’s social media platform X, Arbaugh expressed his satisfaction with the ease of the surgical procedure, stating, “The surgery was super easy. I literally was released from the hospital a day later. I have no cognitive impairments.”

Livestream of @Neuralink demonstrating “Telepathy” – controlling a computer and playing video games just by thinking https://t.co/0kHJdayfYy

— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) March 20, 2024

Reflecting on his newfound capability, Arbaugh remarked he has given up playing his favorite video game, Civilization VI, and that Neuralink gave him the ability to do that again, mentioning that he had played for 8 hours straight.

Kip Ludwig, a former program director for neural engineering at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, remarked that what Neuralink demonstrated was not a “breakthrough.” He elaborated, stating, “It is still in the very early days post-implantation, and there is a lot of learning on both the Neuralink side and the subject’s side to maximize the amount of information for control that can be achieved.”

Nonetheless, Ludwig recognized the positive impact on the patient, noting that interfacing with a computer in a manner previously unattainable was a significant development.

Written by Alius Noreika

[audio-luddite]

Stuff.

I had an interesting exchange with PT the tube Guru about certain electronic components. I do not want to trigger them by mentioning the parts (weak humor attempt). I am still processing it.

I was following up on some more information about the transformer in my Franken-Amp in response to a question. I found the manual, and it gives a part number and that is it. Beyond that the jungle drums say it was made by Hammond (in Canada!?) and produced a rail voltage of 75V. She is huge and heavy.

Image from the 'net.

And that is as far as I took it.

While looking around the files on my computer I found a pdf of an old (of course) 1974 issue of "Stereophile" magazine. I had to read through it. I grabbed it a couple years ago as it is a bit of a watershed issue. In it there is a review of the Dynaco ST400 Amp, the Dynaco Pat 5 preamp and two Audio Research products the D76 and SP3a.

In summary at the time of publication the very best solid state amplifier available was the ST400. The very best tube amplifier was the ARC D76. The very best Solid State Preamp was the PAT 5 and the corresponding tube unit was the ARC SP3a, but not better by much over the little Pat5.

The ST400 was better than the Crown DC300, The Phase Linear 400 and 700. The P-Ls do not surprise me, the DC300 is/was an impressive beast popular with rock bands.

Depending on your speakers and if you wanted to compensate for something or other in the bass or extreme highs Solid state was better than Glass or visa versa. Fun read especially when you know how the story ends, if it has even ended.

Since then the ARC units are classic, collectable, but not great by today's standards. If you want to buy "Class" then good on you. Both are flabby to lumpy in the Bass and quite soft but lovely in the highs. I heard them both back when I could hear the flyback transformers on a TV.

The Dynacos have gone through a cycle of "they are all crap" to they were OK, to approaching desirability in the used market. Typical price is $700 USD in a recent ad. It can be a lot less if repair is needed. No romance though.

The ARCs are silly pricey as "collectable". Recent SP3a's are listed over $3000 typically. That ARC Classic 60 is, oh the price is down to $2250. It is the grandson of the D76. A basket case wreck of a D75 was selling for over a grand as first, needed a few grand in repairs if even possible, but yes there is that romance.

The ST400 is the daddy (uncle?) of my Franken-Amp. So take a ST400, strip out all the protection circuits and hot rod the living crap out of it and you have my beast. There is no Hardness in the treble and there is no cross talk in the stereo image. So by the late 70s even to the 80s it is at SOTA level. Ha there you have it.

When I actually fire the beast up I am happy with it. I gotta occasionally remind myself of that. I have to take a pill or maybe a scotch to suppress the tweak head in me. It comes in waves.

Remember everyone there is no best, just what you like. The goal is what you hear, not what you use to hear it. Really I mean it.

Good morning / evening to all, especially you PT.

[tomreview]

AI Challenge Irresistible Offers Framework

If you're stuck on what to sell, how to package it, and at what price, this "Create Your First Course with AI" Challenge is just for you.

You don't know where to begin and are overwhelmed.

You are perplexed regarding which product ought to serve as the platform for success.

Finding the right niche and offering is a maze for you to navigate.

You are held hostage by persistent inaction, which results in offers that never materialize.

If you answered "yes" to any of those questions, then this 5-Day "Create Your First Offer with AI" Challenge is for you. It was made specifically for you!

Learn about HI and how to replace it with AI by watching the video below. Apply HI Process & Framework to AI.

The 5-Day "Create Your First Offer with AI" Challenge will walk you through step-by-step "How To "Bootstrap" Your Offer Idea And Launch It Into The World..." Click Here To Join The Challenge Click Here To Save Your Seat Now

Day 1

Overpowering Offers Structure

( Furthermore, Why Is It The Best way To Kill Constant Inaction Issue)?

Hello, I'm really amped up for what I've arranged for you on The very beginning of our "Make Your Most memorable Proposal with artificial intelligence" Challenge!

We'll start with that sneaky little problem of constant inaction. That's right, we as a whole face it, however I have quite recently the arrangement - The Burst Offer Creation, simulated intelligence, and this demonstrated one-meeting structure. I guarantee it will alter the game!

After that, we'll get into the specifics of deciding what you should sell. I know it can be difficult, but don't worry; I'll be there to help you.

Finally, we'll talk about setting a price for your first offer. Pricing can be confusing, but I've got some tricks that will make it simple. Trust me when I say that you won't want to miss anything on Day One!

Participate in the Challenge Day 2: Big Idea and Million Dollar Pitch You're going to love what Day 2 of our "Create Your First Offer with AI" Challenge has in store for you!

First things first: we'll talk about what you need to do and where you should start. I know that the first step can sometimes appear to be the most difficult, but I will be there to help you every step of the way.

After that, we'll concentrate on finding the ideal market for your offer. To ensure that this goes as smoothly as possible, we'll make use of a handy framework and the most recent ChatGPT update.

And as the day comes to an end, we'll get down to the business of making an offer that no one will refuse. We will create a Million Dollar Pitch with the assistance of ChatGPT that will amaze your customers. It will be so energizing, and I can hardly hold on to get everything rolling!

Join the Test

Day 3

Making An Overpowering Proposal with simulated intelligence

Day 3 of our "Make Your Most memorable Proposal with simulated intelligence" Challenge is about separation and fascination!

Have you ever wondered what makes your offer stand out from the competition? Why would someone find yours to be so tempting?

Using ChatGPT and other AI tools, I will guide you through the process of creating your individual offer on Day 3. We will ensure that your offer is perfectly designed, structured, and organized.

And there's more! We will also concentrate on establishing that crucial selling point, or the "big idea" of your offer, as I like to refer to it. This will draw in the sort of possibilities you're truly holding back nothing!

A little bit of information: before the period of computer based intelligence, which presently allows us to make an incredible 95% of your proposition, the method involved with making a deal was the second greatest obstacle individuals confronted, just in the wake of conquering inaction. It's been a significant motivation behind why people couldn't change their lives. Be that as it may, learn to expect the unexpected. You are now a part of an AI-powered, smarter era! Can hardly stand by to see you on Day 3!

Participate in Day 4 of the Challenge: Traffic Secrets!

I can assure you that Day 4 of our "Create Your First Offer with AI" Challenge will be a real eye-opener! I'll show you some magical ways to get people to your offers.

The deal is this: I have a sweet little secret to share on day four.

I will tell you the best way to supercharge your proposals without laying out a solitary penny!

We will utilize this incredibly straightforward, yet really powerful, stunt to produce natural traffic. I can assure you that you will adore it! Look forward to seeing you there!

Participate in the Challenge: Day 5: Sales Copy Using AI Okay, get ready because Day 5 of our "Create Your First Offer with AI" Challenge is going to be a total blast!

On the last day, I will show you how to guide ChatGPT into making a few truly compelling deals duplicate for your proposition. We'll use what I call the "double-core method," which is done in the manner of a leading copywriting legend. Doesn't that sound pretty cool?

Here's a captivating thing: ChatGPT can with certainty mirror 64 copywriting legends. Yes, that is what I said! However, rest assured that I won't leave you guessing. I'll show you which of these legends are the best counterparts for creating that hard-hitting duplicate for Burst Offers. Don't miss Day Five, which will be jam-packed with insights!

Participate in the 5-Day "Create Your First Offer with AI" Challenge with Your Hosts! Andrew Darius is a true AI pioneer and the founder of Pitch Kickstart for ChatGPT, Prompt Strongbox, and Prompt Merchant.

With his most memorable man-made intelligence application made in 2013, Andrew has since delivered various computer based intelligence controlled applications that have been bought by huge number of business people and associates.

Andrew has created dozens of well-known digital products and sold over 200,000 of them on ClickBank, JVzoo, and Warrior Plus as a digital product creator.

His complete deals have surpassed 8-figures, which is a really noteworthy accomplishment.

In point of fact, he was recently recognized by JVzoo for having sold more than $6 million on just one of his accounts.

Andrew is a top-performing affiliate in addition to being a successful product creator.

He has sold more than 90,000 products from other vendors, and during a few promotions, he sold more than 1,000 copies of the promoted product.

In the field of digital products, Andrew is unquestionably someone to keep an eye out for!

[tastydregs]

AI Is Speeding Up Astronomical Discoveries

Photo: John Moore (Getty Images)

First Full-Color Images From Webb Space Telescope

The famous first image of a black hole just got two times sharper. A research team used artificial intelligence to dramatically improve upon its first image from 2019, which now shows the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy as darker and bigger than the first image depicted.

I’m an astronomer who studies and has written about cosmology, black holes and exoplanets. Astronomers have been using AI for decades. In fact, in 1990, astronomers from the University of Arizona, where I am a professor, were among the first to use a type of AI called a neural network to study the shapes of galaxies.

Since then, AI has spread into every field of astronomy. As the technology has become more powerful, AI algorithms have begun helping astronomers tame massive data sets and discover new knowledge about the universe.

Better telescopes, more data

As long as astronomy has been a science, it has involved trying to make sense of the multitude of objects in the night sky. That was relatively simple when the only tools were the naked eye or a simple telescope, and all that could be seen were a few thousand stars and a handful of planets.

A hundred years ago, Edwin Hubble used newly built telescopes to show that the universe is filled with not just stars and clouds of gas, but countless galaxies. As telescopes have continued to improve, the sheer number of celestial objects humans can see and the amount of data astronomers need to sort through have both grown exponentially, too.

For example, the soon-to-be-completed Vera Rubin Observatory in Chile will make images so large that it would take 1,500 high-definition TV screens to view each one in its entirety. Over 10 years it is expected to generate 0.5 exabytes of data – about 50,000 times the amount of information held in all of the books contained within the Library of Congress.

There are 20 telescopes with mirrors larger than 20 feet (6 meters) in diameter. AI algorithms are the only way astronomers could ever hope to work through all of the data available to them today. There are a number of ways AI is proving useful in processing this data.

One of the earliest uses of AI in astronomy was to pick out the multitude of faint galaxies hidden in the background of images.

ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, J. Rigby, CC BY

Picking out patterns

Astronomy often involves looking for needles in a haystack. About 99% of the pixels in an astronomical image contain background radiation, light from other sources or the blackness of space – only 1% have the subtle shapes of faint galaxies.

AI algorithms – in particular, neural networks that use many interconnected nodes and are able to learn to recognize patterns – are perfectly suited for picking out the patterns of galaxies. Astronomers began using neural networks to classify galaxies in the early 2010s. Now the algorithms are so effective that they can classify galaxies with an accuracy of 98%.

This story has been repeated in other areas of astronomy. Astronomers working on SETI, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, use radio telescopes to look for signals from distant civilizations. Early on, radio astronomers scanned charts by eye to look for anomalies that couldn’t be explained. More recently, researchers harnessed 150,000 personal computers and 1.8 million citizen scientists to look for artificial radio signals. Now, researchers are using AI to sift through reams of data much more quickly and thoroughly than people can. This has allowed SETI efforts to cover more ground while also greatly reducing the number of false positive signals.

Another example is the search for exoplanets. Astronomers discovered most of the 5,300 known exoplanets by measuring a dip in the amount of light coming from a star when a planet passes in front of it. AI tools can now pick out the signs of an exoplanet with 96% accuracy.

AI tools can help astronomers discover new exoplanets like TRAPPIST-1 b.

NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI), CC BY

Making new discoveries

AI has proved itself to be excellent at identifying known objects – like galaxies or exoplanets – that astronomers tell it to look for. But it is also quite powerful at finding objects or phenomena that are theorized but have not yet been discovered in the real world.

Teams have used this approach to detect new exoplanets, learn about the ancestral stars that led to the formation and growth of the Milky Way, and predict the signatures of new types of gravitational waves.

To do this, astronomers first use AI to convert theoretical models into observational signatures – including realistic levels of noise. They then use machine learning to sharpen the ability of AI to detect the predicted phenomena.

Finally, radio astronomers have also been using AI algorithms to sift through signals that don’t correspond to known phenomena. Recently a team from South Africa found a unique object that may be a remnant of the explosive merging of two supermassive black holes. If this proves to be true, the data will allow a new test of general relativity – Albert Einstein’s description of space-time.

Image: Medeiros et al 2023, CC BY-ND

The team that first imaged a black hole, at left, used AI to generate a sharper version of the image, at right, showing the black hole to be larger than originally thought.

Medeiros et al 2023, CC BY-ND

Making predictions and plugging holes

As in many areas of life recently, generative AI and large language models like ChatGPT are also making waves in the astronomy world.

The team that created the first image of a black hole in 2019 used a generative AI to produce its new image. To do so, it first taught an AI how to recognize black holes by feeding it simulations of many kinds of black holes. Then, the team used the AI model it had built to fill in gaps in the massive amount of data collected by the radio telescopes on the black hole M87.

Using this simulated data, the team was able to create a new image that is two times sharper than the original and is fully consistent with the predictions of general relativity.

Astronomers are also turning to AI to help tame the complexity of modern research. A team from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics created a language model called astroBERT to read and organize 15 million scientific papers on astronomy. Another team, based at NASA, has even proposed using AI to prioritize astronomy projects, a process that astronomers engage in every 10 years.

As AI has progressed, it has become an essential tool for astronomers. As telescopes get better, as data sets get larger and as AIs continue to improve, it is likely that this technology will play a central role in future discoveries about the universe.

Want to know more about AI, chatbots, and the future of machine learning? Check out our full coverage of artificial intelligence, or browse our guides to The Best Free AI Art Generators and Everything We Know About OpenAI’s ChatGPT.

Chris Impey, University Distinguished Professor of Astronomy, University of Arizona

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

[i-hls]

OT, SCADA - What Does it All Mean?

Industrial machines and devices connected to the network have been gaining momentum and demonstrating effectiveness, however, they are vulnerable to cyberattacks that have far-reaching consequences, especially in critical infrastructure. OT, ICS, and SCADA are some of the terms used frequently

https://i-hls.com/archives/111395

[sunny-day-dream]

can you please do a Milf!reader x glamrocks and sun/moon where the reader is pregnant with the animatronics kid?

Warnings: None

Glamrock Freddy x Milf/Pregnant!Reader

💙 When you first tell him that you’re pregnant, he’s over the moon! He’s so happy and he just has to hold you close- dropping to his knees so he can lean down and nuzzle his face against your stomach. He spends hours just holding you tightly, and you swore that if he could cry, he’d be sobbing happy tears.

💙 Somehow, he gets even more soft for you. He was always doting and loving, willing to do anything for you. Now though? It’s amped up to 1000%. Expect to be showered with ‘I thought you’d like this!’ gifts and flowers every morning.

💙 He’ll hold your hair back when you get morning sickness, and will absolutely hack into the Pizzaplex’s computers to order in anything you’re craving as a rush delivery.

💙 Vanessa got to see first hand how far he’d go to protect you during this time. There’d been a rather…rude guest at your station, and she made it there just in time to see Freddy come storming in with an expression she’s never witnessed before. The cameras had ‘mysteriously’ malfunctioned during this, so importunely no one was able to prove anything had happened.

💙 You know those TikTok’s where the pregnant persons partner will stand behind them and help them hold up their stomach so they get some relief from the weight of the baby? That. And he loves doing it.

💙 He adores you, and he’s so excited to meet his little Superstar! He already has a tiny little onesie put aside, patterned like a teddy bear with a blue lightning bolt on its chest. (You pretend that you don’t see him looking at it every other day- it’s supposed to be a surprise apparently)

Monty x Milf/Pregnant!Reader

💚 This guy, THIS GUY

💚 When he first finds out that you’re pregnant, he’s more than a little concerned, worried more for you and your safety than he is about having a child. Once he knows that you’ll be safe and okay though? Everyone in the building hears how loud he’s yelling out in happiness.

💚 All the band and the staff he actually likes are informed within an hour…how he managed to get so many private phone numbers, or why they actually answered the call and listened to the smug bastard gloat still confuses the hell out of you to this day.

💚 He’s super protective of you on a good day- now he’s glued to your side at all hours. He’ll usually let you handle your own fights, only stepping in if it goes too far. Now though, He’ll snarl and snap, and god help them if anyone every upsets you.

💚 Tries his best to comfort you through the process, he’s not always amazing at it- but it’s the thought that counts and you appreciate it all the same

💚 Keeps insisting that you’ll be more comfortable if you both moved into the gator golf course...management insists otherwise. Monty refuses to drop the argument though, and they keep having to move his furniture back to his greenroom.

[magalidragon]

making music | chapter 2 | a teaser

I bet you thought I forgot this fic huh? 🤣 I didn’t, I just have been distracted by others. I have one scene left to write and then chapter 2 is finished and whoops, of course it got extended now to three chapters. Here’s a tease!

She chuckled. "I didn't know you wore glasses."

"I take out the contacts when I ge thome, they're a bitch." He pushed the glasses idly up his nose, brows lifting with them. "So you want to get started?"

"I suppose first we have to discuss if this is something you even want to do." She didn't leave the workroom, instead lightly touching a couple of brass instruments set on one of the tables, in need of polish and shine. Her tongue ran over her teeth. "So it is true then, what they said?"

"I can neither confirm nor deny without more information."

She rolled her eyes. "Instruments, Jon." She picked up a discarded, smudged brass trumpet, fiddling her fingers along the three keys, her thumb tracing one of the valves, turning again to study him. The cool marble facade he put up had returned, his face expresionless. She lifted it to her lips and blew, but nothing really happened. It made a strange hissing sqawk and she coughed, her cheeks burning. "Ugh! How do you do that?"

He chuckled, taking it from her and eyes on her, lifted it to his lips, and easily blew out a jaunty jazz tune. When he finished, he arched a brow, challenging, pssing it back to her. She scowled, annoyed. "Practice."

"I never saw the appeal of the brass instruments."

"Aye, you're a string gal."

There was a way he said it, low and drawling, and she flushed, feeling a little uncomfortable. Double entendre? she wondered, tucking a stray strand of hair behind her ear, shrugging a shoulder nonchalantly. She wandered around the worktable and stopped at a guitar, finished and just requiring a varnish. She lifted it up, positioned, and strummed a few chords.

"Guitar," he said, walking now to join her, taking it and setting it back on the table, a hand on his hip. "That's one of the four."

"I'm learning bass guitar." Not really, Daario hadn't called her back to set up any Zoom lessons. She smirked up. "20 instruments."

"Hmm." He tapped his finger to her chest, just above the v-cut in her lilac sweater. The touch of his callused index finger against her bare skin sent a shock through her, her toes curling in her boots. She forced herself not to shiver, but couldn't help the sharp intake of breath. She wondered if he felt the same feeling, gaze fixed on his. Was she imagining it, or did his pupils get wider? He leaned in a little closer, breath raspy. "But not hte harp."

Huh?

"Harp?"

"Hmm, twenty instruments but I can't play the harp."

She blinked, crash-landing hard back into their conversation about instruments. "Oh, um...I can teach you." It came out faster than her brain could process what she had just said. Damnit!

He edged towards the door. "Teach me?"

"Hmm...I can teach you the harp. You know all the others. Shouldn't be hard."

A small smile flirted along his sinful lips. He darted his tongue out, wetting them; she squirmed in place, hoping it wasn't obvious. Also hoping that she would drop dead because if her body was responding htis way, she clearly was having a stroke. He was Jon Snow. He was rude. He was annoying. He was...

Gods.

Her throat constricted, a dry patch forcing her to cough into her sleeve, hopefully not too obvious. Jon moved out of hte way and ended their discussion, going into the corner of the apartment that she had correctly assumed was his workspace. He fell into a chair, rolling it across the stone to pick up some music, thrusting the papers awkwardly towards her. She took them, saying nothing, and scanned the notes scribbled over the pre-printed scale lines.

He had very messy handwriting, she noted, frowning. "These are..."

"Aye, classical songs, with a twist."

"Hmm...is this my part or yours?"

"Yours."

Dany collected her violin, taking a seat in a spare chair by the workstation, Ghost following her back and forth. He sat down at her feet, head pillowed on his paws, and eyes lifted dolefully to her. She rubbed his fluffy butt with the toe of her boot and dropped her gaze to the music, reading it while she prepped the violin. Across from her, Jon did the same with a cello, this one different from his other. She paused, studying it, cocking her head. "That's an electric cello?"

"Hmm."

It was about half the size, didn't have hte full body of the beautiful cherrywood instrument he normally played. It looked like a stick with strings, a piece of metal curving out, wires plugging in and to the computer and to an amp. He ran the bow over, tapping at some keys. "We're recording?"

"Aye."

She huffed, frustrated with the one-word replies. "So we were supposed to talk about if we're doing this thing. I guess that means we are, right?"

Jon fiddled with the electric cello. "Aye, we are."

"That's it then? We're not going to talk about what this partnership ultimately will mean?"

He chuffed, the cello resting on his shoulder, his arms on his knees. He smiled. "It means Dany, we will work together on some songs, a showcase, we'll see if they like it. If they do, we can talk terms. If they don't, well, we can chat then. Until that time...." He ran the bow quickly over the strings, the sound a bit louder, more rock and roll than classic. He grinned. "Let's play some fucking music."

[tealover-studyblr]

The Complete Dutch Education System - Part 2

Bachelor Degree Categories

Bachelor of Science (BSc)

Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Bachelor of Laws (LLB)

Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)

Bachelor of Social Work (BSW)

Bachelor of Education (BEd)

Bachelor of Music (BMus)

Master’s Programmes Categories

Master of Science (MSc)

Master of Arts (MA)

Master of Laws (LLM)

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Master of Social Work (MSW)

Master of Education (MEd)

Master of Music (MMus)

Titles granted after completing a Dutch Master’s Degree

Doctorandus

drs.

After completing a Master Degree in Law

mr.

After completing a Master Degree in Science

ir.

PhD Programmes and Opportunities

In the Netherlands, the option of starting a PhD before completing at least one Master Degree is not possible. The minimum amount of time it takes you to finish a PhD in the Netherlands is four years. More often than not, a PhD is offered through the University instead of through a private institution, because of this almost every PhD candidate in the Netherlands is obliged to give lectures or teach assignment classes during their PhD period. Each PhD candidate gets offered a supervisor who oversees the publishing of articles and the writing process of the dissertation.

The Salary

A PhD candidate will get paid an amount of €2376 en €3766 a month. Each year the salary rises, which explains this range in amount. There are some minor differences between departments of different Universities regarding extra’s like a business phone.

Title granted after completing a PhD

Doctor

dr.

Dutch Universities in International Rankings

Mastersportal Ranking

Wageningen

WUR

This university specialises in Agriculture, Sustainability and Water Studies. The research domains of the WUR:

Agrotechnology and Food Sciences;

Animal Sciences;

Environmental Sciences;

Plant Sciences;

Social Sciences.

Amsterdam

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Each year, VU Amsterdam welcomes many students from all over the world to Amsterdam. They focus on the following main themes:

Human Health & Life Sciences;

Connected World;

Science for Sustainability;

Governance for Society.

Universiteit van Amsterdam

The research domains of the UvA:

Law;

Economics and business;

Dentistry (ACTA);

Humanities;

Medicine;

Science;

Social and Behavioural Sciences.

Leiden

Leiden University

Leiden University specialises in Language & Culture and has a Science Department that is also of outstanding quality. The research domains of Leiden University:

Fundamentals of Science;

Health and Wellbeing;

Languages, Cultures and Societies;

Law, Politics and Administration;

Life Sciences;

Artificial Intelligence.

Rotterdam

EUR

Erasmus University Rotterdam specialises in Business & Law; additionally, the Medicine Programme is among the Netherlands' finest. The research areas of the Erasmus University Rotterdam:

Health;

Wealth;

Governance;

Culture.

Utrecht

UU

Utrecht University offers a wide variety of programmes. The ten focus areas of the Utrecht University:

Applied Data Science;

Foundations of Complex Systems;

Game Research;

Governing the Digital Society;

Higher Education Research;

Human-centred Artificial Intelligence;

Integrative Bioinformatics for Life Sciences and Sustainability;

Migration and Societal Change;

Professional Performance;

Sport and Society.

Delft

TU Delft

TU Delft specialises in all things beta science, and their Architecture programme is excellent, and a similar Architectural Degree cannot be obtained anywhere else.

Aerospace Engineering;

Applied Sciences;

Architecture and the Built Environment;

Civil Engineering and Geosciences;

Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science;

Industrial Design Engineering;

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering;

Technology, Policy and Management.

Groningen

RUG

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen is also very internationally oriented and also offers a wide variety of programmes. The main focus areas of University Groningen:

Healthy Ageing;

Energy;

Sustainable Society.

Maastricht

Maastricht University

Maastricht University is very internationally oriented and offers programmes within these focus areas:

Arts and Social Sciences;

Health, Medicine and Life Sciences;

Humanities and Sciences;

Law;

Psychology and Neuroscience;

School of Business and Economics.

Nijmegen

Radboud

Radboud University focusses on these domains:

Science;

Society & Human Behaviour;

Law;

Human- & Information Technology;

Languages & Culture;

Health;

Business.

Eindhoven

TU/e

TU Eindhoven specialises in all things beta science and offers a vast variety of programmes in the following domains:

Engineering programmes;

Math and Computer Science;

Industrial Design;

Applied Physics.

Tilburg

Tilburg University

How corona is changing the world;

Digital Society;

Sustainability and Society;

Labor Market;

Security;

Culture and Religion;

Health and Wellbeing.

Twente

UT

University Twente specialises in all things beta science and focuses its research on these main themes:

Improving healthcare by personalised technologies;

Creating intelligent manufacturing systems;

Shaping our world with intelligent materials;

Engineering our digital society;

Engineering for a resilient world.

Till next time!

Hope you learned something and/or found it useful.