#Document Binding machine

[uwmspeccoll]

Milestone Monday

On this day, October 23, 1906, aeronaut Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932) flew his biplane 14-bis for 50 meters at an altitude of about four meters. 14-bis, also known as Oiseau du Proie or “Bird of Prey,” was a powered heavier-than-air machine that took off unassisted by an external launch system at the Bagatelle Gamefield in Paris. This was one of the first heavier-than-air flights certified by the Aeroclub of France and recognized by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.  

In celebration of this momentous shift within aerodynamics, we are exploring Santos-Dumont's earlier flights through his autobiography My Air-Ships published in New York in 1904 by The Century Company. Santos-Dumont's first experiments with flight were conducted in lighter-than-air balloons, oblong shaped and filled with buoyant gas. He conveniently named them numerically No. 1- No. 10 and kept detailed records of the successes and failures of each balloon.  

Most notably was Santos-Dumont's flight No. 6 in 1901 when he flew around the Eiffel Tower. The flight took 29 minutes and 30 seconds and awarded him the Deutsch Prize. The flight is heavily documented in his autobiography along with all of Santos-Dumont's lighter-than-air designs and airships.  

My Air-Ships features a lovely publisher's binding, is a gift of George Hardie, and is part of the George Hardie Aerospace Collection at UW-Milwaukee.

View other Milestone Monday posts.

– Jenna, Special Collections Graduate Intern 

[spockandawe]

Hello! I've been thinking about binding some danmei novels in my native language, but I don't know where to start. I found your blog recently and find it very inspiring! I was wondering if maybe you could share with me what tools and materials would be good to get started with?

Sure!!!! So, I'm on mobile and don't have links at hand, but if you go back through my bookbinding tag, there are other replies I've got about the materials for making a book specifically. The renegade publishing blog also has resource documents that walk through the bookbinding process and include links to educational materials, etc. So for here, I'll focus on the danmei side of things!

So, a fun feature about these books is that they tend to run LONG. I've seen a number of people try to take up bookbinding in google docs, and honestly, it's doing things on hard mode. For many danmei, it's basically impossible. I think my EARLIEST earliest attempt at svsss began in gdocs, and that's not a super long novel, but gdocs was choking on it. A word processor on your desktop is going to be your best bet. Personally, i invested in a microsoft office license, because it was familiar and i could afford it. But the free parallel to that will be libre office, which does basically everything word can do, with just minor differences.

On the fancy end of bookbinding software, affinity, indesign, and microsoft publisher are also names you may hear tossed around. These can do fancier, more artistic layouts, but also come with a heavier price tag. And because i had webnovels on my radar from the start, i wanted something ROBUST. I wanted to be able to dump all of the husky and his white cat shizun into a single file and work from it. And i did eventually do that! Being able to typeset a single file rather than repeat each step across several is great, especially since i tend to tweak design choices as i go.

For danmei, you're also going to want a robust printer. I have a color laser that's been an absolute beast of a machine, but a black and white laser can get you a long ways, and monochrome designs can be very elegant. You don't want an HP brand printer, their toner subscription practices are downright predatory, but Brother and Canon are names I've seen recommended highly. You probably don't want an inkjet printer, because long books take a LOT of ink. The one exception would be if you can find an affordable ink tank printer.

And the last major thing i can think of is that if your main computer is a laptop, consider typesetting with an external mouse and keyboard! Danmei novels are split into lots of short chapters, frequently split across just as many web pages, with lots of footnotes to format, and laptops are convenient but not ergonomic. Doing too much on there is just asking for a repetitive strain injury. I've done it, but often paid for my sins in pain! And your laptop keyboard may start complaining too, I'm almost certain my first typeset of mdzs was the nail in the coffin for my last laptop's keyboard, haha

I hope that helps! Best of luck to you! Ive found binding cnovels to be EXTREMELY rewarding, even though my original reason was because these things would NEVER be licensed in english 😂 I'm delighted to see people experimenting with it for other translations in other languages, I really hope it goes well for you!!!!

[crristinaa-level6]

Specialist practice

Saddle Stitch Binding

Our first binding method is saddle stitch, which happens to be the easiest of all. Saddle stitching proves affordable and ideal for documents consisting of fewer pages. By stapling wire through the spine and folding printed sheets in half, a finished product takes shape. Alternatively, utilizing looped staples permits insertion into ring binders without requiring punched holes.

Side Staple Binding

The side staple technique is primarily employed to bind perforated pages, such as those found in quote books and delivery notes. The procedure involves stacking individual pages together before stapling them with wire through the front cover from front to back before trimming.

Singer Sewn & Side Sewn Binding

Singer-sewn binding is a sturdy technique employed for creating resilient materials such as passports. It employs an industrial sewing machine to stitch the pages together along the spine lengthwise. Additionally, side singer-sewn or side-sewn binding provides another option where pages are jointly fastened through both front and back covers, making it perfect for thicker books and notepads.

Padded/Pad Binding

The technique of pad binding, also known as "padding," is utilized primarily for notepads and enables the easy detachment of individual pages. A lower-strength adhesive coating is applied on the edge of a stack of pages to create these pads. To ensure stability and usability when held, a thicker board is generally affixed at the back end.

Wiro /Plastic Coil Binding 

The two primary types of punched binding are wire and plastic coil binding, enabling books to open fully flat with the pages rotating 360 degrees towards the back. Firstly, printed pages are trimmed and then hole-punched before being fastened using a spiral coil or wire that is crimped shut.

Japanese / Stab Binding 

Dating back centuries, Japanese or stab binding is a decorative technique where sheets are folded once at the center, hole-punched and sewn by hand along the spine using different needle and thread patterns.

Perfect binding

The process of perfect binding involves using machinery to bind softcover books, magazines and brochures. The technique entails stacking individual pages together before affixing them to an outer cover that sports a square spine. This is achieved by the application of potent polyurethane (PUR) glue which gives the method its name- Perfect Binding.

Burst Binding 

Burst binding is essentially perfect binding with a unique twist whereby pages are grouped into sections, folded and then notched down the spine by machinery to achieve stronger adherence of glue. This results in an exceptionally robust finish that makes it particularly ideal for books containing a greater number of pages compared to standard bindings.

Quarter Binding 

In the past, quarter-bound, half-bound or taped bindings were commonly used to produce books at a lower cost by employing inexpensive materials. These binding methods involve two distinct materials - one for covering the spine and another for protecting the cover. However, to enhance durability, pages are often bonded together and fastened on one side which results in reduced ease of opening compared with

Case Binding 

The conventional hardcover book involves printing pages that are folded and stitched into multiple sections, safeguarded by a firm rigid cover. The covers may be coated with various materials like linen, buckram or leather; alternatively, a printed design can be affixed on top of the tough casing. Such casebound books have long-lasting durability and might even sustain restoration years down the road.

Pamphlet Stitch

A refined binding technique known as the pamphlet stitch is ideal for documents with a modest number of pages. After folding and hole-punching the printed sheets, one manually threads them together using needle and thread before tying them off at the book's center to finish it elegantly.

Exposed Spine Binding

Exposed spine binding, also known as exposed Smyth sewn or thread-bound, is an aesthetically appealing method of bookbinding. The pages are folded into sections and then hand-sewn together at the spine with a continuous thread. To reinforce durability, pad glue is applied to the spine after sewing it. Books bound in this manner open almost completely flatly for easy reading.

Chicago Screw Binding 

The Chicago Screw technique involves utilizing metal screw posts for fastening pages, allowing flexibility in terms of adding or removing sheets. This makes it a desirable option for materials like menus and folios that undergo frequent revisions. Furthermore, an expandable hardcover can be customized with exterior, interior or concealed screws to fit any desired dimensions. Given its versatile nature, this binding process is particularly popular among property sales pitches as well as showcasing photographic portfolios.

Custom Boxes, Slipcases and Ring Binding

sophisticated storage solution that allows for showcasing your valuable materials and samples, custom boxes and slipcases are just the perfect fit. This type of binding is artistically crafted according to your precise specifications. Manual assembly entails utilizing top-quality board material before wrapping it with an array of premium fabrics including buckram, linen cloths as well as leather or printed laminated paper.

[leggerefiore]

👀👀👀 Could we get some Colress nsfw hcs please and thank you. 🙏🙏🙏

🛸Colress NSFW HCs🥼

cw: 18+ content, Minors DNI

🧪 He does actually have a pretty normal sex drive. The thing is, he doesn't really like to make the time to indulge himself in that way. It's a part of him, yes, but there are many other things he would rather be doing than having to figure out how to get himself off. When you enter his life, he becomes aware that it likely will have to change. Not that it bothers him that much, admittedly.

🧪 He has no personal preference to topping or bottoming, but you'll find him viewing sex in an interesting manner no matter what. Sex is more of an experience he wants to document. Everything from the changes it may bring in your relationship to how it simply makes you both aware of things about each other. If he's bottoming, he'll murmur to himself about everything happening and make notes to himself. It's a bit strange, but it does eventually tether out into him moaning and grabbing at the sheets desperately. Science mind has turned off for now.

🧪 When he's on top, things are a bit similar, with him muttering observations to himself. Though, when he finds a sensitive area on you, you may find he lightly teases you about it while messing with it more. That spot has committed to his memory completely. Any and every erogenous area is abused by him as he works to set you off into climax. He's fascinated by your body's reaction. Even as his brain chugging through thoughts while he thrust into you, he's still careful to observe you. This is a special kind of private research for him.

🧪 Really, really into sex toys. He's making his own new ones constantly and using them on you. He has made a sex machine, likely just to document your reactions more as a third party. There's nothing he enjoys more than watching you fall apart on the vibrating dildo he made for you himself. You will often find yourself having at least one involved during sex with him, as he just enjoys amplifying the feeling to the best of his abilities. The toys come extra handy when he goes away for a while on research, too.

🧪 Another kink he quite enjoys is a bit a lab role-play. He does admit there was a bit of a high being among the top rank of Team Plasma at a time. Authority isn't typically thrown around in your relations, but it does come up during these sessions. Colress falls into a role of a researcher wanting to do more research into sex stimulation, which results in many of the aforementioned toys being involved alongside him driving you crazy with just his fingers. It's one of his favourite scenarios to mess around with, and he does actually collect information.

🧪 His oral sex is interesting, to say the least. It's wonderful, don't misunderstand. All his memorisation of your sensitive spots come together as he lies between your legs. His mind is rushing with your stunning reactions and how much your flavour sets him off. He focuses entirely on getting you off. Colress desperately needs to see more of your reactions. It also becomes a game for him. He wants to see how quickly he can bring you to orgasm and how easily. As for receiving, he becomes surprisingly flustered quite easily. Anything you do to his cock leaves him a moaning mess as he begs you for more. It's quite different from how he treats you.

🧪 If you would like to try something with him, you'll have it thoroughly vetted. There are certain things he simply has no interest in doing, and others he would gladly engage with. Do you want to bind and gag him? Sure, he'll let you go a round. He wants to do something similar to you, too. Something like choking? He's not a fan of that. Physically touching you like kills his mood quickly. Just ask him before trying anything and see how he feels about it.

🧪 His dirty talk is odd. He'll compliment how your body tenses or the way your face twists and accent it with a kiss. Your features themselves are complimented and teased by him. Sometimes, he praises your body like it is the most interesting thing he has ever seen. Colress does always find something to say, and it varies from weirdly hot to a bit of a mood killer. He may also start explaining the physical processes your body is doing throughout, which can definitely kill the mood or be weirdly hot depending on your mood. The best things he does say, though, are about your bond with him. Sex is a bonding activity with you in the foremost of his mind.

🧪 His aftercare is analytical yet caring. He almost does a miniature checkup on you before offering water and a bath. Colress may even try to hold the water to your lips for you. He'll entirely forget cuddling unless you bring it up, which he then eagerly holds you. The scientist knows it's an important bonding ritual, so he doesn't dare ignore your request. And, he'll admit, he does quite enjoy it himself. Eventually, you both do settle down after it and admit you are a bit tired from all the sex you just had. Colress notes that you are often the one asleep first, so he takes his time observing your post-coital reactions. A light kiss comes to your cheek from him before he realises just how exhausted he is himself. You both comfortably fall asleep against each other.

[tokinanpa]

what do you like about emacs?

a lot of things, really! I will refer you to the documentation for Doom Emacs for a short answer to this question that I agree with, or you can keep reading for my much, much longer answer. :)

as a software that predates modern text editors and IDEs, emacs breaks the mold when it comes to the established design patterns of these tools. in some cases this can be a problem: emacs is notoriously slow (though somehow still faster than modern IDEs on my machine lol), and its default keybindings are horrendous. but it is also emacs's greatest strength: the sheer versatility and extensability of its design is unmatched by any other tool in existence.

the first thing you need to know about emacs is that.. it's not really a text editor. I mean, that may be the mission statement on the website, and that's certainly what it was when it started out, but as it's developed it's become more than that. emacs is a software platform for text-based applications.

the entirety of emacs is designed to function as one big interpreter for the language Emacs Lisp (elisp for short). when you press a key on your keyboard in emacs, say the Enter key, that keypress is sent to emacs's standard library code written in elisp. the code looks up that key in a keymap, which associates it to a particular elisp subroutine to run (specifically "newline-and-indent"), which accesses the file you're currently editing and makes the corresponding change.

every aspect of that process is configurable directly through the elisp language. you can rebind the key to a different action, of course, but you can also edit the "newline-and-indent" subroutine to do something else, or edit any other elisp function. you can switch between multiple keymaps (a keymap is just a lisp object) on some condition, such as opening a particular file. you can even tell emacs to display text that isn't linked to any file and alter the keymap when the user is interacting with that text to contain your own custom bindings. in effect, you can create any text-based interface you want.

here is a non-exhaustive list of all of the things that I have used emacs as:

IDE

Prose editor

File manager

Calculator

Productivity tool

Email client

Calendar

Web browser

Tetris

all of these tools use, to varying degrees, the techniques I mentioned above to directly modify how emacs functions through elisp. with a little knowledge of the language, you can modify these tools to your liking just as easily as you can modify emacs itself. emacs becomes a unified interface for a hundred different applications, all of which are fully configurable and self-documenting. (yeah I didn't even mention that emacs is self-documenting within its code until now).

.. so it's not even really that I "prefer" emacs, because that framing implies that there are alternatives that are equal in scope or utility. I use emacs because it is the only thing that does what emacs does.

Emacs outshines all other editing software in approximately the same way that the noonday sun does the stars. It is not just bigger and brighter; it simply makes everything else vanish.

- Neil Stepheson, In the Beginning was the Command Line (1998)

[ask-the-phone]

Hey Scott! What are the requirements to be hired at Freddy Fazbender's Pepperonerie?

(Text transcript under cut)

I think you might be confusing me for one of my lookalikes from dimension Delta-Alpha-Yankee-19620. It's an easy mistake, though. Probably 9 out of every 10 phoneheads come from there.

Anyways, we here at Freddy's hold our employees to the highest standards! To get hired here, you must: Have NO recorded history of violence against children or machines, have the mental capacity to sign legally binding documents, and, most importantly, show up

[overlyenthusiasticfictionreader]

Binderary 2024

Binderary is once again almost upon us! For the folks at Renegade Bindery, February is a month where we focus on making books, similar to NaNoWriMo for writers and Inktober for artists.

This is my accountability post for Binderary 2024! Below are my preparations, my goals, and new techniques I’m going to try. Check it out under the cut:

My Preparations: - 7 finished typesets, quarto-letter sized. I’m also hoping to get these printed out and folded before February 1. - Lots of research on pamphlet binding! - A little bit of research on box making/cartonnage!

My Goals: - I want to bind each of these typesets in a different style of pamphlet binding. - The 7 typesets are documentation of my conversations with authors I’ve worked with over the past year. I want to archive these before the get lost in the morass of online stuff, because glancing at an author reaction to a book I’ve make is a great pick-me-up! Archiving includes making sure my posts and the author’s stories are in the Wayback Machine at Archive.org. - Someone suggested I made a box to keep these guys in, and I have not tried any box making yet. These should all end up roughly the same height and width, so they should all fit in one box! So one (1) box by the end of Binderary. - If I survive all of that, I have a typeset I received from the Renegade Typeset Exchange 2023 that I should get started on! We’ll consider this a stretch goal.

New Techniques: - I have several pamphlet binding techniques I want to try: 2 section pamphlet with cover, one sewing; stab binding (tortoise shell) with a Z-fold cover; button hole stich; concertina binding; stich pattern on the spine (which I believe is a variation on long stitch); conservation pamphlet for 2 sections and 3 sections. These are from both the Kevin A Smith books on glueless binding and also a couple of DAS videos. - I have not tried cartonnage at all! I do have a fairly simple process laid out in the book by the Hollanders (yes those Hollanders) “Introduction to Bookbinding and Custom Cases”. - If I make it that far, for my exchange typeset I want to try a cover with a cutout!

I will update at the end of February to let you know how it goes!

[aamirastories]

Part 2

The Couple

 April 3rd, 2033

“Such a beautiful building” Amanda said, turning to her husband, Mark.

“It is – but we are late honey, we really should get inside!”, he replied.

FutureCraft was plastered on the side of the building. The architecture of it truly was beautiful – curved, entirely glass and it stood out from all the other buildings in the city. Passers-by would always stop to look at it, even if they saw it regularly on their daily commute.

They stepped into reception, where an automated kiosk greeted them.

“Please scan fingerprint” the machine prompted them.

Mark placed his finger in the area marked and the machine pulled up their appointment. Mark pushed “YES” to indicate they had arrived, and they took a seat.

“Are you excited? We’re really hoping this works” a couple next to them asked.

“We are – we really hope this is the one.” Amanda replied, squeezing her husband's hand. They looked at each other and smiled. They wanted this to work. With all that they were.

“Mr and Mrs Juniper?” a doctor asked, stepping out from his office. 

Amanda and Mark stood up. “Yes, that’s us.” They responded and walked towards the door. As they proceeded towards the office, the couple behind them shouted.

“Good luck!”

The Doctor took a seat behind a large desk, the city as a backdrop behind him, the view truly breathtaking, tall skyscrapers covering the view out to the horizon, reflections in the windows like starlight.

“Welcome to FutureCraft. I will be personally overseeing your treatment and will guarantee, as far as I can, your health will be my highest priority.

Amanda and Mark turned to face each other and smile. Amandas shoulders dropped as she relaxed a little.

“Just to outline the procedure,” the doctor added, “you will stay in a ward overnight, while we conduct a blood test to ensure you are given the right mix of treatments to enable you to get the fullest effect. Now, we have a simple contract for you to sign, most notably is the insurance portion. Be sure your details are correct, and you read it fully.”

As Mark looked down at the document, he read,

—

FutureCraft is the leading specialist in fertility treatments and will guarantee to be at the cutting edge of every treatment you receive. This agreement is a binding contract between you and FutureCraft and through this, we expect your complete honesty and compliance with all procedures throughout, with the trust that the specialists who work here are highly trained and leaders in their fields.

—

Below this was insurance details, bank details, boxes for signatures – Mark counted 19 of them, medical details and finally, before the final signature, a line that read:

—

In the very unlikely chance that you become severely ill during this procedure, you understand that whilst we cannot directly support you, your partner will be supported.

—

He signed this final box, sighed and passed the form back to the Doctor.

The Doctor grabbed the form from the desk, spinning it to face him while he entered the information into his terminal. A few questionings looks by the Doctor at his screen were dismissed as unimportant as he finished typing and looked back at them.

“Wonderful. The $20,000 will be removed from your account within 3 days. Thank you for deciding to take treatment from FutureCraft. Mrs Juniper,” he said as he faced her, “please deal with final matters with your husband before he heads to our ward. He will be required there in 30 minutes time, where his first blood test will be taken. Mr Juniper,” he turned to face Mark, “you will be away from your wife for 3 days. I hope you are aware of this?”

They both looked at each other, smiled, Amanda more nervously than Mark, before both turning to face him again.

“Yes” he said.

“Wonderful” the Doctor replied and opened the door to show them towards the ward area.

They walked together through the ward, men in their beds, their partners beside them, chatting away. Other nurses made themselves busy checking charts and administering treatments. From a career spent in Military Service, and the vaccinations he would regularly be required to take, he was not fazed by injections. He saw this as a necessity to get the treatment he needed.

The Doctor stopped by a bed, picked up a chart and turned to face the couple.

“Here we are. The nurse will be here in 30 minutes to begin. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to ask for me, or ask a nurse.”

“Thank you” Mark replied, and the Doctor headed back towards his office.

“You’ll be fine” Amanda said.

“I know I will honey, but will you? All by yourself?” he replied.

She looked at him sternly but playfully. “Oh, I’m sure I can survive without your snoring, shoes left lying out and remotes down the side of the couch.”

He returned her playful look, and laughed, before kissing her.

“I love you,” he said, “and I’m so glad we’re doing this. I will contact you as often as I can, okay?”

Her playful look faded, but she softly smiled. “I know, I love you too – and I can’t wait for it to be done so we can finally try!”

They kissed again, before he got changed into his robe as a nurse collected his clothes and belongings, before he said goodbye to his wife, and sat in bed, busying himself reading a book – ‘A Future Lost’ – a science fiction novel he was re-reading again having not read it for years since.

A nurse approached, smiling at him and holding a syringe. “I’m sorry, I need to prep you, is that okay?” she said.

He looked up at her, and smiled back, closing his book. “That’s fine, of course” he replied.

The nurse placed her syringe on the table beside him and wrapped a strap around his arm.

“How are you with needles?” The nurse asked, as she tapped his arm, looking for the vein.

“Fine, don’t worry. I won’t fall asleep on you!” he replied, and she smiled back at him. He felt a sharp pinch on his inner arm as the needle went in and started to draw blood.

“I’m sorry we have to take so much” the nurse added, “we need to be sure to get the right dosage balance. Be sure to rest after this.”

The nurse finished taking the blood, checked its colour before placing it in a box and shifting his pillow slightly so he was more comfortable. 

“The buzzer is here if you need something” she said, pointing to a box with a red button on it beside his bed.

She headed off down the hall and he lay back, feeling a little woozy and let his eyes shut slowly, as sleep took him.

[danganronpasurvivoraskblog]

Mask-a-Raid: Part 1.

Thanks you three for accompanying us...

It’s embarrassing that the Kisaragi Foundation rely on the Future Foundation’s services so much, but personally...I’m happy for our collaborations.

We’re all fighting the same enemy. It’s only natural we should join forces.

It’s alright. I’m just glad you decided to transfer by the roads instead of the sky...

*Kuripa, Kirumi and Kaede sit in the back of a Kisaragi truck along with Setsuka and Rei. Yamato’s AI also shows on a screen above. The 6 of them are part of Kanade’s transit to Kisaragi Foundation HQ.

The only thing we can ask of you now is assurance that Dr Ando will cure Dr Kimura. If that’s not too much?

Of course not...and he WILL do it.

Yeah...Ando’s got this. He’s never let a patient down.

I have to ask something...Ando is the father of Kanata Inori, right?

Adoptive father, yes. 

Are you guys aware that his daughter...

Is being held prisoner in Zetsubou HQ? Yes, we were made aware of this thanks to Acting Chairman Fujusaki.

Apparently, Nagito Komaeda confessed those facts openly...It caught us by surprise, but apparently she’s being used by Zetsubou to create Ultimate Hope’s. Like how she turned Komaeda himself into one, as well as Ayumu Fujimori.

So you are acquainted with Kanata Inori as well?

She and I were classmates. We were in the same Killing Game together as well.

The Kibougamine Gakuen...

Still...I could never have predicted that Zetsubou would go this far...Is it just to spite us?

Hmph...Where would you get THAT idea?

...

Don’t bother trying to question me about it. Or about anything really...

Information between Shirogane and me was on a need-to-know basis and I didn’t need to know an awful lot.

*Kanade Otonokoji sits in the corner of the truck, bound by a straight jacket. She just sits and sneers at the group.

Hey...why didn’t you bind her mouth? That’s like...the worst aspect about her...

Not the fact that she could slaughter all of us if she wasn’t bound?

Pfft...Like she could...She’s too SCARED of my lil’ buddy.

Tch! I-I’m not scared!

Try anything, and I’ll cut off the OTHER leg!

!!?

*Kanade shuts up.

To answer your question, I was hoping that we could maybe question Kanade prematurely before we got her back to our base.

But unfortunately it seems what she’s saying isn’t a lie. She doesn’t know as much as we would like.

Otonokoji is more than likely just some muscle that Shirogane brought in to balance out her team. 

But why go so far as to revive both Kanade and Hibiki to do that? Couldn’t she just hire mercenaries like she’s done in the past?

You mean like Gyalusetsu?

I believe I have an answer to that.

You recall how Otonokoji’s revival process took merely a few weeks?

Shirogane insists that Kimura’s research into the Resurrection Machines dictated that the process takes several months. And for the likes of me and Teruya, that’s proven to be true.

But if that time really can be cut down to a week or less, it brings into question Kimura’s documentation.

Either she made a critical error, or she lied about it. Shirogane seems to insist the latter is true, and has quickly disproven it.

But Hibiki was in that pod for a long time...Why did her process take so long?

Most likely, she was being kept there so that she wouldn’t wake up and escape before Zetsubou had a chance to pawn her off to me. We were probably being revived at the same time, but me at a faster rate.

But even so, we don’t know how much importance Kanade has to Zetsubou, so we’ve asked you to stick around and keep an eye on her.

Personally speaking, I think it’s pretty unlikely that Zetsubou will come back for her. She’s kind of outlived her usefulness, right?

Don’t push your luck, Chiebukuro. Shirogane may be a fascist bitch, but if there’s one thing I can credit her on, it’s that she’s serious about teamwork.

Zetsubou might be a bunch of clowns stuck together in a room, but in the eyes of their leaders, it’s all or none of them.

How can you be so sure of that?

After she was exposed as the traitor, Celestia Ludenburg outlived her usefulness to the organization, and yet they still came back for her as part of Operation Toxic Love.

What makes you think they won’t do the same for Otonokoji?

I doubt Shirogane would want back someone who can’t even stand up anymore...

...

Don’t get cocky...That’s all I’m saying.

Believe me, it’s not in our nature to.

But now, may I be the one to ask YOU a question?

Sure...What is it?

It became increasingly apparent that Shirogane locked down the lab with the express purpose of trapping you inside...so that you would be killed by the creatures in it...

But why? Why does she have such a resentment for you?

...

You know...I’ve been asking myself that question a lot lately...

The truth is...I have no idea...

You don’t?

No...Either I forgot something critically important, or Tsumugi is just insanely hung up on the fact that she had to carry out my murder plan for me, and that got her Killing Game ended.

Personally, I sincerely doubt that’s the case.

By the time Shirogane was exposed, the Killing Game was as good as over. All of us were already dead, and it’s not as if the public of our universe would have cared about it at that point.

But then again, what do I know?

To be honest...I’m done caring about it...

Shirogane has little reason to hate me, but by this point, I have tons of reasons to hate her...

She’s taken way too much from me...My memories...my friends lives...she’s past negotiation...

She can hate me all she wants, I-

SNNNRRKK HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAAAAAAAH!

!!!??

HATE!? HATE!? Oh no no no no NO! “Hate” is far too WEAK a word!

Your entire EXISTENCE gives Shirogane a reason to despise you! You wanna know what she did, Kaede Akamatsu?

She openly admitted to all us...that your demise is more important to her than anything else in the world...INCLUDING her master Killing Game!

My death...is more important to her than SURVIVOR!?

What the hell?

There’s absolutely no chance that the reason is simply because of your actions in the Killing Game, Kaede. Even Tsumugi Shirogane isn’t that petty.

You’re absolutely sure that she said that?

Yes, and unashamedly too...To be honest though?

After having met you, I kind of understand...But even so, living a life where your entire existence is defined by your loathing of someone for reasons that no one else other than yourself knows...

Isn’t love a far more appropriate emotion to feel?

...I...I can’t...

Let me ask you this, Akamatsu...You said yourself that your memories weren’t completely intact pre-Killing Game, right?

Then tell me, where’s the proof of YOUR backstory? You know, the one where you’re so CONVINIENTLY innocent?

I...

There is a creature inside you...One that isn’t afraid to hurt, mutilate, or possibly even kill others...The only reason why you don’t do so, is because you have a decent conscience.

One that you only got from your Killing Game persona...! So I have to wonder, what were you like before when you didn’t have that?

...

...You...!

Don’t glare at me like that...I’m just coming up with my own theories. This is a topic that I find curious as well...

Just...shut your mouth, you ingrate!

I thought you WANTED me to talk!? Well, I’m talking, aren’t I?

Then again, I’ve told you basically everything I know...

You really don’t know any more than that?

All I ever had on my mind was my precious Hibiki...I don’t care for Shirogane or the world...She can do as she likes...

Um...Hey, gang? I don’t mean to interrupt, but we’re getting a distress call from the military vans up front.

Distress call? What about?

Someone is blocking the lead vehicle...let me relay it through you.

*Yamato starts relaying some camera and audio footage from the car at the front of the transit. A silhouetted figure stands in front of the vehicle.

...

Who...is that?

...!?

Kisaragi Soldier: Sir! I must ask that you steer clear of this road! This is official Kisaragi Foundation business!

Hmph...

Kisaragi Soldier: I said clear the road! We are authorized to use force if you do not-!

...!

Kisaragi Soldier: WHAT THE FUCK-!

*WHAAAM!*

Kisaragi Soldier: GAAAA-

Kisaragi Soldier: -AAAGHH!

What the hell!?

*The transit truck has a skylight, and the people inside watch in horror as the gunman on the military truck suddenly goes rocketing over their heads!

Who the hell IS that!?

Don’t worry...I’m not like the rest of Zetsubou...I won’t take lives if it isn’t necessary...

That said...I have business here...

That voice...!

*Rei grabs a radio

MEN! Open all fire upon whoever the hell that is!

*The sounds of raining gunfire can be heard even inside the cover of the truck.

...!

*SLASH!* *PUNK!* *WHAM!* *KER-CHUNK!* *KAPOW!*

*However, what can also be heard is the sound of machinery breaking and soldiers getting punted into the sky!

Is it Zetsubou!?

More than likely, yes...

It’s worse than that...

It’s HIM...!

“Him?” who do you-!?

*WHAM!*

!!??

*SLAM!*

Who is-!?

*SLLAAAAMM!*

*The door to the back of the truck is suddenly pounded open, and a lone figure steps in, his menacing form outlined by the low sun behind him.

...

MATTA GYALUSETSU!?

HRRGH!

*BANG!*

*Rei immediately jumps up, grabs a gun and fires straight at the masked man.

...

!!!??

Remember this, Rei Mekaru...You didn’t have to be a part of this...

*To Rei and everyone else’s horror, Matta catches the speeding bullet with his fingers. He then drops the bullet on the floor...

That’s...That’s IMPOSSIBLE...!?

I’m afraid you don’t know me too well...

I EXIST to DEFY the impossible...

...?

...!?

*PTCHOO!*

GUGH!

No! DON’T YOU DARE-!

*ZZZWIP!*

GAGH!

*Not caring at all about her comfort, Matta shoots a grapple shot at the bound Kanade. The hook latches onto her jacket and he pulls her towards her. He immediately hoists her over his shoulder and clambers up the truck to make his escape.

Kuripa-!

I know, I know!

*Kuripa and Kaede grab their weapons and hurry to the back.

Kaede! Kuripa! Wait! We need a plan of attack!

We have a plan!

We’re gonna BUTCHER that fucker!

*Before anyone has a chance to stop them, Kuripa and Kaede chase Matta.

Ugh! You two!

Who...Who the hell WAS that man!?

[doctorbrown]

DOCTOBER '23 ⸺ 「 18 / 31 * LETTER 」

September 1, 1885

The longer he stares at the blank parchment laid out across his desk, the more inexplicably daunting the task before him becomes.

As soon as the ink hits the paper, this situation becomes set in stone. Final. His signature will seal his fate in a contract binding between him and the universe, the terms of which are known only to them and, in about seventy years, to Marty.

Emmett L. Brown becomes a figure lost to time under promise to guard against accidentally doing something to irreparably alter history and the knowledge of how to build another time machine stays trapped with him in the nineteenth century.

It has been eight months now since he arrived, welcomed by locals who knew nothing of his name nor his reputation and were willing to welcome him into their small growing community. As far as time periods to spend out his retirement years went, the late nineteenth century wasn't so bad.

Now all that was left to do was tie up the final loose ends that have frayed far into the future, well out of his reach.

The DeLorean and schematics are in place, waiting to be unearthed by his future-past-counterpart. The map is clear, as are the clues he'd left inside the mine.

The letter—

There's a twinge of regret in his chest as he lifts the quill from the desk. Eight months is a long time to have waited to write this letter, he knows, yet he also knows that so long as his calculations are precise, right down to the second, then the delay will be negligible in the grand scheme of things. He had to first exhaust all avenues before committing himself to a lifetime here.

Now that he has, there is the comfort that, for Marty, no time will have passed.

From here, the letter has a seventy-year, two month, twelve day journey ahead of it.

There are a hundred different ways he could start this letter, a thousand different things to say, and many of them involve reassuring Marty, first and foremost, that he is alive and unharmed. Even if the letter is only delayed by a few moments, a few minutes even, he knows his best friend's tendency to panic and assume the worst.

Marty would likely believe he was dead, and why wouldn't he? The DeLorean was struck by lightning and in a quite literal flash, he was gone, thrown backwards in time when the bolt overloaded the electrical system, destroyed the time circuits, and sent the car accelerating to eighty-eight miles per hour.

He dips his quill in the ink and begins to write.

Dear Marty: If my calculations are correct, you will receive this letter immediately after you saw the DeLorean struck by lightning. First, let me assure you that I am alive and well. I have been living happily in the year 1885 these past few months.

Emmett's brows furrow as he continues. Now that he's started, the words spill out across the page in swooping lines and splotches of ink when he's too impatient to wait. If he could, he would fill Marty in on the entirety of these last eight months, but there simply isn't enough paper for a full recount, so he condenses everything, relaying only the most relevant information that he thinks will paint a sufficient picture.

He still has his wishes to write, and in a spot of morbid humour, Emmett notes to himself how this almost sounds like a will.

By the time it catches up with him in 1955, he supposes it will be.

Do not come back for me, though I will miss you terribly, Marty. Watch over Einie for me. Destroy the time machine. This is all I need.

Marty's future is exceptionally bright and Emmett can only hope he will make the most of it. He's instilled in him as much positive reinforcement as he possibly could; the rest is up to him now.

Four pages and a set of instructions later, Emmett finally signs his name, neatly folds up the document, and hurries to the Western Union office.

A single man sits at the desk; a middle-aged gentleman with dark hair greying at the sides, a beard, and thick glasses. He introduces himself as Theodore as Emmett walks up to the counter.

❝How can I help you, Mister—?❞

❝Brown. Emmett Brown.❞

Something flashes in Theodore's green eyes. ❝You're the town's new blacksmith, aren't you? Thought you seemed familiar. What can I do for you?❞

❝It is imperative this letter be delivered with these precise instructions!❞ Emmett hands the instruction letter to Theodore, whose face scrunches up sceptically as he reads it.

❝Hold on a minute. You want us to hold onto this letter until❞—Theodore checks the paper again to be certain his eyes aren't playing tricks on him—❝November 12, 1955, seventy years from now, and deliver it to a kid on the side of the road in front of the...construction site of the Lyon Estate housing development approximately two miles south of the city limits at precisely 9:20PM. And your intended recipient is a five-foot-four, brown haired, blue-eyed boy named Marty McFly who is just going to happen to be standing there?❞

Theodore drops the page onto the desk and stares at Emmett like he's waiting for the punchline to some ridiculous joke. Emmett knows that look well; it is the very same look most of the residents of Hill Valley give him as they deem him mad and shuffle aside to give him a wide berth.

Emmett's resolve never wavers. ❝That's correct.❞

Theodore glances behind him to his colleague who throws a simple, entirely unhelpful shrug back. ❝I'll pay whatever the fee is to hold on to the letter that long,❞ Emmett says, and after a moment and at least four different expressions that pass across his face, Theodore lets out a long sigh.

❝This has to be the craziest, most peculiar request we've ever gotten. Alright, Mister Brown.❞ He shuffles a few papers around at his desk and produces a writing utensil along with a receipt and slides both over to Emmett. He taps a nail on the signature line. ❝Sign here.❞

[wind-sage-serin]

Sometimes we have to write things down. For the good of others, yes, but also for the good of ourselves.

Welcome to the corner of tumblr where I share my experiences from the ghost town of a faith I still cherish. I have lived twice in the realms of Hylia before ending up here— once as Wind Sage Fado, and once as Picori Sage “Serin”. The latter name was a nickname given to me by a peculiar person who I’ve since been reacquainted with.

As I currently exist I am human named Matthieu (or Chrome), a trans man, a plural host, and a spiritualist who discovered my identity as the Sage of Wind back in 2009 or so. I was 12 then, but I had dreams as far back as age 10 before I’d even known about the lore.

This is my spiritual blog that branches from my main, located here.

Regarding the plurality, there are a small cast of fellow believers in our system. I’ll make a small list of their identities, their pronouns, and the timeline occurrences that pinpoint them in the fracture or closure of the timeline.

♦️Me (Chrome): Wind Sage both for the Flooded Era as well as covertly for the Calamity Era. Curious to the point of danger-prone. Often socially oblivious.

🖤Daphell: Quarter-Hylian Hero of the Wild, reincarnated after Link’s failure to survive the Shrine of Resurrection. Kidnapped by Yiga at 8 years, fed the Binding Blood which caused him to be bound to Ganon much like his captors. Father is likely Dorian.

🏹Revali: Champion of the Rito, bears the misfortune of having a dual-memory between Daph’s timeline and his Link’s. Came to our system through our summoning pool (which only summons the dead, unmade, and erased). Still cocky, but understands duty.

🌵Ako Ehri: deceased Gerudo King from the Flooded Era, came through the pool. Does not go by his old name as it bears scars. He struggles with English, and his new name is Eheniv for “Wind Prince”.

🌪️Vaati: reformed timeline. He used to visit more than stay, but as his master began to sundown he’s been spending more time here. He’s mischievous, but more level-headed than Serin (Chrome), his master’s alternate successor.

🦈Mipha: Warriors timeline, fought one the final clash before succumbing to fatal wounds. She’s shy but she does her best to help out however she can. She often wonders if she’s doing enough and the answer is that being here is enough for our family.

🦎Daruk: unrelated timeline to anybody else. Seems he survived the attack and lived to be over 100, related to partner sys Link named “Mal”.

🐪Urbosa: literally a manifestation of our Revali’s self-criticism. Doesn’t really speak to many aside from him. She’s not distressed by being a thought form of his.

🌸Zell: royal-blooded Prince, recently began questioning gender. Related to Revali’s Link’s timeline. Still enjoys research, and is just as willing to get in danger for knowledge as the Picori here.

We are fortunate to have as many people as these, even if we are a strange assortment. Most of the posts will be from me (Chrome), but occasionally you may find a difference in tone and a different marker, and that will mean the post is from them.

The likelihood of this place having a lot of viewers is low but we are glad you’re here. If you feel so inclined, we first found our faith in 2009 or so via the Naroin Founder’s Document that I preserved thanks to the Wayback Machine and the Annex Wiki site. Though the proboards site is long gone and the Facebook group is kind of a Ghost Town, we keep moving forward and (Hylia willing) we work to make sense of it.

My main goal is to compile a list of practices to see if it can be codified. Preserving rituals is of serious importance to me.

[mariacallous]

Last Thursday, the US State Department outlined a new vision for developing, testing, and verifying military systems—including weapons—that make use of AI. 

The Political Declaration on Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy represents an attempt by the US to guide the development of military AI at a crucial time for the technology. The document does not legally bind the US military, but the hope is that allied nations will agree to its principles, creating a kind of global standard for building AI systems responsibly. 

Among other things, the declaration states that military AI needs to be developed according to international laws, that nations should be transparent about the principles underlying their technology, and that high standards are implemented for verifying the performance of AI systems. It also says that humans alone should make decisions around the use of nuclear weapons. 

When it comes to autonomous weapons systems, US military leaders have often reassured that a human will remain “in the loop” for decisions about use of deadly force. But the official policy, first issued by the DOD in 2012 and updated this year, does not require this to be the case.

Attempts to forge an international ban on autonomous weapons have so far come to naught. The International Red Cross and campaign groups like Stop Killer Robots have pushed for an agreement at the United Nations, but some major powers—the US, Russia, Israel, South Korea, and Australia—have proven unwilling to commit.

One reason is that many within the Pentagon see increased use of AI across the military, including outside of non-weapons systems, as vital—and inevitable. They argue that a ban would slow US progress and handicap its technology relative to adversaries such as China and Russia. The war in Ukraine has shown how rapidly autonomy in the form of cheap, disposable drones, which are becoming more capable thanks to machine learning algorithms that help them perceive and act, can help provide an edge in a conflict. 

Earlier this month, I wrote about onetime Google CEO Eric Schmidt’s personal mission to amp up Pentagon AI to ensure the US does not fall behind China. It was just one story to emerge from months spent reporting on efforts to adopt AI in critical military systems, and how that is becoming  central to US military strategy—even if many of the technologies involved remain nascent and untested in any crisis.

Lauren Kahn, a research fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, welcomed the new US declaration as a potential building block for more responsible use of military AI around the world.

A few nations already have weapons that operate without direct human control in limited circumstances, such as missile defenses that need to respond at superhuman speed to be effective. Greater use of AI might mean more scenarios where systems act autonomously, for example when drones are operating out of communications range or in swarms too complex for any human to manage. 

Some proclamations around the need for AI in weapons, especially from companies developing the technology, still seem a little farfetched. There have been reports of fully autonomous weapons being used in recent conflicts and of AI assisting in targeted military strikes, but these have not been verified, and in truth many soldiers may be wary of systems that rely on algorithms that are far from infallible.

And yet if autonomous weapons cannot be banned, then their development will continue. That will make it vital to ensure that the AI involved behave as expected—even if the engineering required to fully enact intentions like those in the new US declaration is yet to be perfected.

[classicquid]

Short Term Loans UK Direct Lender: Another Way to Earn Affordably

The lesson from this article is to make sure you can comfortably repay the loan within 30 days without taking out another loan before asking for a short term loans UK direct lender. Of course, there will be times when getting a quick loan is the best way to get through a financial emergency; during those times, you might want to use comparison websites like Classic Quid to get the best, cheapest offers available.

Obtaining quick monetary assistance without a debit card is possible at any time due to the availability of short term loans UK direct lender. These loans are accessible 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And the online facility has made it much easier to obtain these loans at any time, on any day, from anywhere. You must first go online to find a suitable lender in order to make an immediate decision.

To obtain cash assistance through short term loans online, you must meet the following common terms and conditions:

You should have worked for at least three months.

You must have a regular bank account that is at least 90 days old.

You must be at least 18 years old.

During the employment period, your monthly income should be at least £500.

Your entire salary is deposited into your bank account on a regular basis via direct deposit.

You can now apply for short term loans UK based on your needs and requirements without any obligation. These monetary products provide cash with advantages such as low interest rates and flexible repayment terms. Furthermore, you are worth borrowing an amount ranging from £100 to £1,000 without putting your collateral up as collateral against the lender to protect the loan. You must repay the funds within a small reimbursement period of 2-4 weeks. The wonderful thing is that you have the freedom to use the cash for a variety of financial needs such as paying medical bills, electricity bills, grocery store bills, child's school or tuition fees, travel expenses, repairing a sudden broken car, and so on.

Short Term Cash Loans - A Reasonable Way to Make Money

The population of the United Kingdom is diverse. Some of them have had bad credit performances. Furthermore, due to risk considerations, they are prohibited from receiving financial assistance. Remain patient! You are given the opportunity to apply for a short term cash loans here without any hassle. It's because there hasn't been any credit checking done. Therefore, you are also accepted for the mentioned loan even if you have bad credit characteristics like defaults, arrears, foreclosure, late payments, missed payments, CCJs, IVA, or bankruptcy.

These days, you can fill out an application form for short term loans for bad credit without using a fax machine or paper documents. Utilizing an online application mode, you must provide the lender with all of your private information. Following approval, the money is swiftly and safely sanctioned for direct deposit into your bank account.

When you are in a bind financially, requiring a fresh influx of funds to keep your small business going, or encounter unplanned circumstances, a short term loans for students may be useful. But there are several circumstances in which getting a quick loan is not a good idea. You might require a loan, for instance, if you have lost your job or to pay for a significant bill. The best course of action in this circumstance may be to consult an expert to determine your best options.

https://classicquid.co.uk/

[primetimesnow]

127.0.0.1:62893 Meaning, Error, and Fixing Tips

In the world of computer networking, IP addresses and ports play a crucial role in facilitating communication between devices and applications. One such combination is 127.0.0.1:62893, often encountered in various networking contexts. This article explores the meaning of 127.0.0.1:62893, common errors associated with it, and practical tips for fixing those issues.

Understanding 127.0.0.1:62893

The Loopback IP Address

The IP address 127.0.0.1 is known as the loopback address. It is a special address used by a computer to refer to itself. Often termed "localhost," this address is utilized for testing and troubleshooting purposes within the local machine. It ensures that network software can communicate within the same device without needing external network access.

The Role of Port 62893

In networking, a port is an endpoint for communication. Ports are numbered from 0 to 65535, with certain ranges designated for specific uses. Port 62893 falls within the dynamic or ephemeral port range (49152-65535). These ports are temporary and used by client applications to establish outgoing connections. Port 62893 might be chosen dynamically by the operating system during a session.

Common Errors Associated with 127.0.0.1:62893

Connection Refused

Error Message: "Connection refused"

Cause: This error typically occurs when the service you are trying to connect to on port 62893 is not running or is not listening on that port.

Fix:

Verify Service Status: Ensure the service or application expected to be running on port 62893 is active.

Check Configuration: Confirm that the service is configured to listen on 127.0.0.1 and port 62893.

Restart the Service: Sometimes, simply restarting the service can resolve the issue.

Address Already in Use

Error Message: "Address already in use"

Cause: This error arises when another process is already using port 62893.

Fix:

Identify Conflicting Process: Use commands like netstat -an (Windows) or lsof -i :62893 (Linux/Mac) to identify which process is using the port.

Terminate Conflicting Process: If appropriate, terminate the process using the port with commands like taskkill (Windows) or kill (Linux/Mac).

Change Port: If terminating the process is not feasible, reconfigure your application to use a different port.

Firewall Blocking

Error Message: "Connection timed out"

Cause: A firewall may be blocking connections to port 62893.

Fix:

Check Firewall Settings: Ensure that your firewall allows traffic on port 62893.

Add Rule: If necessary, add a rule to permit inbound and outbound traffic on port 62893.

Fixing Tips for 127.0.0.1:62893 Issues

Step-by-Step Troubleshooting

Verify Localhost Accessibility:

Test connectivity by pinging localhost: ping 127.0.0.1.

Check Service Configuration:

Ensure the service is set to listen on 127.0.0.1 and port 62893.

Review configuration files for any discrepancies.

Restart Network Services:

Sometimes, network services may need a restart to resolve binding issues.

Update Software:

Ensure that all relevant software and dependencies are up-to-date to avoid compatibility issues.

Review Logs:

Check application and system logs for any error messages that provide clues about the issue.

Consult Documentation:

Refer to the documentation of the service or application for specific troubleshooting steps.

Using Diagnostic Tools

Netstat: Provides information about network connections, including listening ports.

Telnet: Allows you to test connectivity to specific ports.

Wireshark: A network protocol analyzer that can help diagnose complex networking issues.

Conclusion

The address 127.0.0.1:62893 is a critical component in local network communication, particularly for testing and development purposes. Understanding the common errors and their fixes can help maintain smooth operation and effective troubleshooting. By following the tips outlined in this article, you can resolve issues related to 127.0.0.1:62893 efficiently, ensuring robust and reliable network functionality.

[safetyvalve1]

Ensuring Reliability: Quality Control Measures in Pressure Safety Valve Production in China

Pressure safety valves are crucial in industrial safety. They are to be used in system integrity maintenance and stopping possible disasters. As the demand for these components rises, the manufacturer of Pressure Safety Valves in China is improving quality control through reliability. It is also referred to as pressure relief valves. The pressure safety valves protect equipment and man by releasing the pressure of the excessive system. The application is indispensable in most industries, such as oil and gas, chemical, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing.

Considering this critical function, pressure safety valve manufacturers in China have to uphold the highest quality during production.

Quality control in manufacturing starts right from the base of production in China. Right from raw material selections to valve assembly, all is watched with keen interest for adherence to industry specifications and customer requirements at every point. 

Material Choice: For good pressure safety valves, good material is the base. Chinese manufacturers highly look up the material, & it is mainly stainless steel, brass, or high bronze quality to get durability and anti-corrosion properties. Conformity to international standards, therefore, needs to be checked with each incoming raw material in such a way that, at any given point in time, no deviation can take place which may affect the performance.

Precision Engineering: In fact, parts manufacturing for precision machining and their pressure safety valves are necessary for perfection and to meet the tight tolerance in performance. The facility includes advanced CNC machining processes for making complex components to perfection. Each part of the valve is checked dimensionally fine & the quality of its surface is checked to fit in precisely.

Testing and validation: Comprehensive testing and validation of the pressure safety valves concerning their performance for application operating conditions are carried out within the manufacturing plant before leaving the site. 

Purpose: To ensure that each valve is 100% tight, shall have a positive response time & shall have a pressure-relief capacity equal to or greater than that of the industry's standards. Pressure test, follow-up of a leakage test, and functional testing.

Quality Assurance: All these quality ethics are assured through the proper integrated quality assurance measures. It will maintain consistency and traceability throughout. Key parameters are monitored through statistical process control techniques. Full documentation is followed throughout the entire manufacturing history of each valve, so traceability is always enabled. 

Compliance and certification: Manufacturers of pressure safety valves are under very binding regulatory requirements and periodic audits to conform their product value to international standards such as ISO 9001 and ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Moreover, these safety valves are assured of their quality and reliability with the certifications provided for the product from reputed third-party organizations. It confirms that Chinese pressure safety valve manufacturers are committed to giving products that meet safety and reliability standards by practicing strict quality control measures.

Customers can easily bank on sourcing precisely engineered pressure safety valves from China & that too can work precisely in industrial environments where working conditions are to give much-needed protection against overpressure conditions. From the above discussion, it is therefore right to say that the manufacturers are responsible for the task. Thus, material selection, precision engineering, testing, quality assurance, and compliance with regulatory standards are some of the key steps to ensure reliability in pressure safety valve production. It is now clearly seen that the above principles are followed by the Pressure Safety valve manufacturers in China. It ensures that they offer products protecting assets, people & the environment towards improved safety and operational efficiency in industries.

[xtruss]

The camera on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, seen during final stages of completion at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Palo Alto, contains 189 individual sensors and will take photos at 3.2 gigapixels—the largest digital camera ever built.

Is There A 9th Planet Out There? We May Soon Find Out.

Starting in 2025 The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Will Increase the Number of Known Objects Circling the Sun by Roughly Tenfold, Spotting New Comets, Exotic Asteroids From Other Stars, and Perhaps Even the Elusive Planet Nine.

— By Robin George Andrews | Photographs By Christie Hemm Klok | January 09, 2024

Our solar system is home to wondrous worlds, mysterious moons, astounding asteroids, and curious comets. But despite myriad telescope surveys of the night sky, most of our celestial neighborhood remains unseen and unknown.

That’s about to change. Thanks to a revolutionary new telescope, huge swaths of the undiscovered solar system will finally come into view. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory (VRO), currently under construction atop the Cerro Pachón ridge in Chile, 8,700 feet up, is not merely going to advance the field of astronomy—it’s going to revolutionize it. A marvel of engineering, software, and scientific ingenuity, this machine has one overarching goal: to document the entire night sky.

Lead Engineer, Travis Lange, inspects the front of the VRO camera lens with a high powered flashlight, looking for dust. The heart of the new observatory, this advanced camera will image the entire Southern Hemisphere sky many times over.

This includes distant objects, from convulsing stars to cosmic explosions, but also the countless objects in the solar system that have eluded skygazers. “It’s going to be a quite complete catalogue of everything in the solar system out to and beyond Neptune,” says Mario Jurić, an astronomer at the University of Washington working with VRO.

The asteroid tally will almost immediately skyrocket. The first asteroid was discovered in 1801. Two centuries later, a million were known. VRO will double that in three to six months.

The observatory may even find the hypothetical Planet Nine, a large world that some astronomers believe is hiding at the solar system’s peripheries. “Probably within the first year we’re going to see if there’s something there or not,” says Pedro Bernardinelli, an astronomer at the University of Washington.

And VRO is set to spot dozens of interstellar objects—visiting entities that have been ejected from other star systems. With these exotic shards of space rock, “we can literally start to figure out what other planetary systems look like,” says Juríc.

Over the course of its ten-year survey, set to commence in 2025, VRO will give astronomers a new encyclopedia of the solar system. “And then we get to understand what that’s all telling us,” says Juríc—about the very origins and evolution of our galactic cradle.

“I think it’s going to rewrite the history books,” says Meg Schwamb, an astronomer at Queen’s University Belfast working with VRO.

Chile’s Almighty Eye

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory, jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy, is named after the famed astronomer who revealed the existence of dark matter—an as-yet-undetected substance binding stars and galaxies together. Designed to address a multitude of cosmic queries, the cutting-edge observatory is a beast of a scientific instrument.

“Everything is big about Rubin,” says Sandrine Thomas, the deputy director for VRO construction. “The telescope is superfast. The camera is huge and very precise. The detector is also extremely big. The number of pixels is gigantic.”

Most observatories have either a wide field of view, meaning they can see more of the sky at once, or a huge mirror, which allows more light to be gathered, revealing fainter and more distant objects. But thanks to its paradigm-shifting engineering, VRO has both. It will peruse the entire night sky viewable from the Southern Hemisphere countless times during its decade-long survey, seeing almost everything, almost everywhere.

“This is a once-in-a-generation leap,” says Bernardinelli.

A large airtight box holds filters for the VRO camera. Nitrogen continuously pumped into the chamber is dryer than natural air and prevents the glass from warping.

Beyond The Veil

Many of the worlds VRO will spot will be in the asteroid belt. “This is the mortar left over from planet formation,” says Schwamb.

The observatory will undoubtedly find many modestly sized asteroids orbiting close to Earth, the sort that have so far eluded asteroid-hunting surveys. That means VRO could find future Earth-impactors before they find us, so that we can attempt to avoid a catastrophic asteroid impact.

Other asteroids may be found drifting inside Earth’s orbit, perhaps as part of a hypothesized reservoir of space rocks swimming about close to Venus. And while VRO will populate the inner solar system, it is also set to reveal the architecture of the outer solar system for the first time.

As well as increasing the tally of moons belonging to Jupiter and Saturn (the famously ringed planet currently has 146 confirmed moons), VRO will be able to spy comets starting to effervesce further out than ever before. Apart from a few highly volatile elephantine comets, most of these far-ranging ice balls are not spotted until they approach the sunlit confines of the inner solar system, where they heat up and shed a trail of icy debris.

VRO may permit astronomers to fulfil a long-time dream: find a comet long before it plunges sunward for the first time in its existence. This would represent a pristine, unaltered record from the dawn of the solar system. With enough advance notice, astronomers could even chase it down before it starts cooking. “We’ll be able to send a spacecraft to get up close and personal,” says Schwamb.

Comets come from two places. The Oort Cloud, a hypothesized shell of icy worlds at an unfathomable distance from the sun, has never been directly seen—and VRO won’t change that. But the Kuiper Belt, a torus-shaped ring of gelid objects, including the dwarf planet Pluto, will have its portrait taken by VRO in considerable detail.

Currently, only a few thousand Kuiper Belt objects, or KBOs, have been identified. VRO is expected to find at least that many. The observations will reveal the true structure and contents of the icy belt, and it could also solve a great mystery about the solar system: “How many planets do we have?” says Schwamb.

Over the last decade, some astronomers have suggested that the peculiar orbits of objects at the solar system’s fringes means a Neptune-size planet is lurking somewhere out there, far beyond Pluto. Existing telescopes are highly unlikely to spot such a distant world—but VRO should find Planet Nine, if it exists.

“Imagine if, two years from now, we could say that there’s a new planet in the solar system,” says Bernardinelli. “That’s kind of exciting.”

Visitors From Beyond The Solar System

In 2017 astronomers detected something amazing: the very first interstellar object, 1I/ʻOumuamua, a thin asteroid or comet that had escaped the gravitational grip of another star. It moved into and then out of the solar system at remarkable speeds, giving scientists only a few days to study it. Then, in 2019 a second planetary tourist was found, the comet 2I/Borisov.

With just two known, scientists have very little information about the nature of such interstellar objects. They remind Schwamb of the corners of old maps that no seafarers had yet chronicled: “There be dragons,” she says.

Fortunately, VRO is projected to find a handful of new interstellar objects every year. These envoys from different star systems contain matter that was forged in stellar and planetary environments different from our solar system.

“They’re a sample of the planet formation process at stars all across the galaxy,” says Michele Bannister, an astronomer at the University in Canterbury in New Zealand.

The VRO’s sophisticated eye allows it to see objects in a range of colors, which means scientists can not only spot interstellar objects at considerable distances, but also get an idea of what they are made of. And while the VRO plays the role of the reconnaissance scout, scientists can use other telescopes with a smaller fields of view but better zoom-in capabilities to get closer looks at these alien time capsules.

“If we found one of these things as it was still approaching, and we had a year to observe it, that would be fantastic,” says Juríc.

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory sits beneath a twilight sky at its site in Chile. Rubin is being built to conduct the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). This survey will observe the entire visible southern sky every few nights over the course of a decade, capturing about 1,000 images every night. Rubinobs/NSF/Aura

Everlasting Change

Like all ground-based observatories, VRO will be hampered by the proliferation of low-flying, highly reflective satellites, particularly those belonging to SpaceX’s internet-providing Starlink megaconstellation. The roughly 4,500 Starlinks currently in orbit are already adding bright, white streaks to many astronomical images. SpaceX plans to launch tens of thousands more satellites in the future, which could mean 30 percent of all VRO images would be graffitied.

At present, there is no clear solution to this problem. “We will have to deal with it because we don’t have a choice,” says Bernardinelli. But while megaconstellation light pollution will mar some of VRO’s views, it won’t stop the observatory from being the discovery engine that astronomers have long dreamed about.

“The detail that will be revealed, this beautiful complexity that’s gonna show up—that will fine tune our ability to go from broad-brush histories of the solar system” to something more measured and precise, says Bannister. Currently, as scientists study the outer solar system’s structure, it’s like “seeing faces in clouds.” The VRO will mean that “we have Michelangelo’s David.”