#Driver Transistor

[wlly2rley]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--discretes--transistors--bipolar-transistors/mmbta06lt1g-onsemi-9159854

Surface Mount NPN Silicon Transistor, Driver Transistor, what is transistor

MMBTA06L Series NPN 80 V 500 mA SMT Driver Transistor - SOT-23

[kvvin2yrrs]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--discretes--transistors--mosfets/ipt015n10n5atma1-infineon-8173860

High side mosfet driver, High current mosfet, mosfet gate, What is a mosfet

Single N-Channel 100 V 1.5 mOhm 211 nC OptiMOS™ Power Mosfet - HSOF-8-1

[rchrhd2imm]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--Led-lighting-components--led-driver-modules-rev--constant-current-acdc-led-drivers/rsld035-10-enedo-7987837

High voltage led driver, what is LED driver, LED Driver Modules, Transistor led

100 - 277Vac, 24.5W, 700mA, 25-35V, [0-10V], IP64 LED Driver

[wmm2ebb]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--discretes--transistors--mosfets/buk9y19-75b-115-nexperia-7014831

Mosfet power transistor, Mosfet switch, audio mosfet, High voltage mosfet

BUK9Y19 Series 75 V 19 mOhm SMT N-Channel Logic Level MOSFET - LFPAK-56

[electronalytics]

GaN Field-Effect Transistor (FET) Drivers Market

[bidd2makkr]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--discretes--transistors--mosfets/zxmn6a08e6ta-diodes-incorporated-6107833

High voltage mosfet, Mosfet transistor, mosfet gate, Mosfet, mosfet transistor

N-Channel 60 V 0.08 Ohm Enhancement Mode MOSFET - SOT-23-6

[stvin2cave]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--discretes--transistors--mosfets/re1c002untcl-rohm-3063706

MosFet motor driver, load switch circuit, MosFet manufacturers, diode

RE1C002UN Series 20 V 1.2 Ohm 200 mA Surface Mount Small Signal Mosfet - EMT-3F

[guitarbomb]

Keeley Muse Driver - Andy Timmons Full Range Overdrive Pedal

Discover the ultimate sound-shaping tool with the Muse Driver – Andy Timmons Full Range Overdrive. This versatile overdrive workstation is engineered to deliver a spectrum of tones, from a subtle clean boost to a punchy treble supercharger, and from a warm, tube-amp overdrive to a gritty, germanium fuzz. Keeley Muse Driver The Muse Driver is a dynamic pedal that brings together a classic…

[athy2ttoe]

Transistor mosfet, mosfet driver, High current mosfet, mosfet explained

N-Channel 20 V 1 A 0.45 Ω Surface Mount Enhancement Mode Power MosFet - SOT-323

[machine-saint]

the op of that "you should restart your computer every few days" post blocked me so i'm going to perform the full hater move of writing my own post to explain why he's wrong

why should you listen to me: took operating system design and a "how to go from transistors to a pipelined CPU" class in college, i have several servers (one physical, four virtual) that i maintain, i use nixos which is the linux distribution for people who are even bigger fucking nerds about computers than the typical linux user. i also ran this past the other people i know that are similarly tech competent and they also agreed OP is wrong (haven't run this post by them but nothing i say here is controversial).

anyway the tl;dr here is:

you don't need to shut down or restart your computer unless something is wrong or you need to install updates

i think this misconception that restarting is necessary comes from the fact that restarting often fixes problems, and so people think that the problems are because of the not restarting. this is, generally, not true. in most cases there's some specific program (or part of the operating system) that's gotten into a bad state, and restarting that one program would fix it. but restarting is easier since you don't have to identify specifically what's gone wrong. the most common problem i can think of that wouldn't fall under this category is your graphics card drivers fucking up; that's not something you can easily reinitialize without restarting the entire OS.

this isn't saying that restarting is a bad step; if you don't want to bother trying to figure out the problem, it's not a bad first go. personally, if something goes wrong i like to try to solve it without a restart, but i also know way, way more about computers than most people.

as more evidence to point to this, i would point out that servers are typically not restarted unless there's a specific need. this is not because they run special operating systems or have special parts; people can and do run servers using commodity consumer hardware, and while linux is much more common in the server world, it doesn't have any special features to make it more capable of long operation. my server with the longest uptime is 9 months, and i'd have one with even more uptime than that if i hadn't fucked it up so bad two months ago i had to restore from a full disk backup. the laptop i'm typing this on has about a month of uptime (including time spent in sleep mode). i've had servers with uptimes measuring in years.

there's also a lot of people that think that the parts being at an elevated temperature just from running is harmful. this is also, in general, not true. i'd be worried about running it at 100% full blast CPU/GPU for months on end, but nobody reading this post is doing that.

the other reason i see a lot is energy use. the typical energy use of a computer not doing anything is like... 20-30 watts. this is about two or three lightbulbs worth. that's not nothing, but it's not a lot to be concerned over. in terms of monetary cost, that's maybe $10 on your power bill. if it's in sleep mode it's even less, and if it's in full-blown hibernation mode it's literally zero.

there are also people in the replies to that post giving reasons. all of them are false.

temporary files generally don't use enough disk space to be worth worrying about

programs that leak memory return it all to the OS when they're closed, so it's enough to just close the program itself. and the OS generally doesn't leak memory.

'clearing your RAM' is not a thing you need to do. neither is resetting your registry values.

your computer can absolutely use disk space from deleted files without a restart. i've taken a server that was almost completely full, deleted a bunch of unnecessary files, and it continued fine without a restart.

[donjuaninhell]

Audio has been a solved issue for decades. I own a 1976 Sony TA-3650 amplifier. It's a powerful class-A solid state amplifier with very low (under 0.1%) distortion while pushing 55w per channel. It's great. I have absolutely no need to upgrade, my turntable (also a vintage mid-70s Sony model) sounds great hooked in through it, and it has an aux channel so I can hook up a CD player or my old DAP for streaming my music collection. If anything, it's maybe a little too powerful. When the -20dB switch isn't engaged it gets apartment shaking loud with the volume knob barely turned up. It's also so goddamn heavy that when I needed to have it serviced it was too unwieldy to lug around on public transit so I had to hail a cab. It's power inefficient, and it's massive. A modern class-D amplifier does everything my Sony does in a package that is a fifth the size and a tenth the weight. That modern amp is also much less expensive. In 1976 the Sony TA-3650 retailed for the equivalent of $2750 in today's dollars. You can get a fantastic, audiophile grade Fosi phono preamp and amplifier pair for around $300.

Speakers are a solved issue too, with DSP it's trivial to tune the tweeters and woofers to have fantastic crossover. This used to be exceptionally difficult to achieve and had to be done via a complex series of transistors and circuits and careful part selection. Woofers are better, tweeters are better, materials science has come a long way. As soon as you leave the "shitty wireless Bluetooth speaker" tier of the market it's easy to find stuff that sounds good. Look up a few YouTube reviews for the pair of "budget" speakers I use as my desktop monitors, the Edifier r1700s. People rave about just how good these things are (and not "fantastic for the price" but "fantastic period") and they cost less than $200. Ditto for headphones, if you really want to spend the money buy a pair of Sennheiser HD 650s for $600, treat them well, and never buy another pair of headphones again in your life. I don't like open-back headphones though, so I'll stick with the excellent Shure SRH-840As (which are $400 cheaper to boot). And meanwhile in IEM land, you can get really fuckin' good IEMs for $30 from one of the Chi-fi manufacturers. The 7hz Zero2s are exceptionally good, well tuned, single driver IEMs that retail for around $30. I bought Cate a pair and she loves them. I just wish they'd stop putting waifus on their packaging.

The guys who spend thousands and thousands of dollars on audio equipment that costs less than the equipment used to record the music they're listening to are genuinely the dumbest motherfuckers on the planet.

[leftfield-fm]

Scott Ross says of that evening:

The first time I dropped pills was with Brian. I think I knew even then that one day he was going to kill himself with an overdose. He went at it in a crazy way, mixing ups and downs, red pills, yellow pills, pills with stripes on them. “You ought to try this,” Brian said, handing me a fistful of multi-coloured capsules. I don’t think even he knew what they were. Somebody had given them to him and Brian was the kind to try anything. …a party was going on, had been going on for four days. Brian popped four of the pills into his mouth. “Groovy,” he said. I took two of them and they were groovy all right! When we walked back into the party a little later, I felt like I was the tallest one in the room. “Let’s go over to my hotel,” Brian said. “I’ve got some of the good stuff, straight from Mexico.” I had never smoked marijuana, but the mood I was in, anything sounded good. As Brian’s chauffeur-driven Cadillac was heading crosstown, the street-lights began to look brown to me. I figured it was the pills. But then they went out altogether. The lights in the stores were out, too. I rolled down the window. Women were screaming. “Maybe the world is coming to an end,” Brian said. The traffic lights weren’t working and the limousine slowed to a crawl. Automobile headlights were the only illumination on the streets. At last, our driver weaved his way through the snarl to the hotel. I wouldn’t have believed it. In spite of the weird, blacked-out city, there was a group of teeny-boppers in front of the main entrance waiting for Brian to come back. “There he is!” they shouted. “Quick!” said Brian. He pushed me through the service door and waved to the man on duty. Obviously, the guy had been through this before, because he had the door locked behind us almost before we were through it. He handed us a candle and showed us how to get up to the lobby since the elevators weren’t working. The lobby, too, was candle-lit. We climbed a lot of flights to Brian’s suite. We were taking our coats off when there was a knock on the door. Brian took the candle and opened it. It was Bob Dylan with a bunch of people. “It’s an invasion from Mars,” said Bob. They all came in and we stood at Brian’s windows looking out over the dark city. It was wild, like Glasgow in the war. “Let’s turn on,” said Bob. “What better time? The little green men have landed.” Brian rolled me my first marijuana cigarette. Neither he nor Bob could believe that I had never smoked pot. By now, they were saying on the transistor radio that the blackout was probably nothing more than a massive power failure. But we knew better. It was the end of the world and we were going out on cloud nine.

That night, Brian took part in a jam session with Dylan, Robbie Robertson and Bobby Neuwirth in his room. They played acoustic guitars by candle-light, but there was no power to record the music: this session was always referred to later as “The Lost Jam.”

excerpt from Bill Wyman's memoir, Stone Alone

[noloveforned]

i'm back from my long weekend in chapel hill and ready to hit wlur at 8pm with a new show so tune in if you're around tonight!

last weekend was all about celebrating 35 years of merge records. i joined in on the fun with a three hour restrospective of merge releases (stream it on mixcloud) in (mostly) reverse chronological order. as always some stuff got left out so my apologies go out to polvo, sacred paws, and the others i would have liked to squeeze in!

no love for ned on wlur – july 26th, 2024 from 8-11pm - merge records 35th anniversary show

artist // track // album // label superchunk // everybody dies // everybody dies 7" // merge quivers // apparition // oyster cuts // merge rosali // my kind // bite down // merge mhaol // bored of men // attachment styles // merge carson mchone // hawks don't share // still life // merge hiss golden messenger // hardlytown // quietly blowing it // merge the mountain goats // last gasp at calama // songs for pierre chuvin // merge cable ties // hope // far enough // merge archers of loaf // raleigh days // raleigh days 7" // merge gauche // flash // a people's history of gauche // merge swearin' // oil and water // fall into the sun // merge waxahatchee // silver // out in the storm // merge h.c. mcentire // quartz in the valley // lionheart // merge teenage fanclub // the darkest part of the night // here // merge twerps // back to you // range anxiety // merge ex hex // waste your time // rips // merge mikal cronin // weight // mcii // merge mount moriah // lament // mount moriah // merge wild flag // romance // wild flag // merge times new viking // it's a culture // dancer equired // merge superchunk // digging for something // majesty shredding // merge jay reatard // pull down the shades // stroke - songs for chris knox tribute // merge telekinesis // coast of carolina // telekinesis! // merge big dipper // wrong in the charts // supercluster- the big dipper anthology // merge shout out louds // normandie // our ill wills // merge camera obscura // lloyd, i'm ready to be heartbroken // let's get out of this country // merge robert pollard // dancing girls and dancing men // from a compound eye // merge tenement halls // plenty is never enough // knitting needles and bicycle bells // merge arcade fire // neighborhood #1 (tunnels) // funeral // merge richard buckner // a chance counsel // dents and shells // merge crooked fingers // big darkness // red devil dawn // merge destroyer // this night // this night // merge the essex green // the late great cassiopia // the long goodbye // merge the rosebuds // kicks in the schoolyard // make out // merge spoon // small stakes // kill the moonlight // merge the clean // drawing to a whole // anthology // merge annie hayden // red lines // the rub // merge the ladybug transistor // perfect for shattering // argyle heir // merge the rock*a*teens // car and driver // sweet bird of youth // merge superchunk // hello hawk // come pick me up // merge neutral milk hotel // two-headed boy // in the aeroplane over the sea // merge lambchop // your fucking sunny day // thriller // merge butterglory // she clicks the sticks // are you building a temple in heaven? // merge east river pipe // hey, where's your girl? // poor fricky // merge the magnetic fields // born on a train // the charm of the highway strip // merge 3ds // beautiful things // the venus trail // merge seam // granny 9x // granny 9x 7" // merge erectus monotone // vertigogo // vertigogo 7" // merge finger // everywhere // everywhere 7" // merge chunk // my noise // what i do 7" // merge

[adafruit]

Revision number 500… 3.5" TFT FeatherWing

for more than a year we've been slowly revising just about every product we make to account for changes in transistors, regulators, diodes, boosters…lots of churn! we're finally up to revision #500 and we're happy to finally get to a product that had to have nearly every component changed: the 3.5" TFT FeatherWing, the touch driver went from STMPE811 to TSC2007, the screen supplier changed, the boost converter went from FAN5331 to TPS61169, and we've added a QT port. This demo tests all the hardware functionality - we load a BMP from the SD card, display it on the TFT, then 'draw' on the image with the touchscreen. all is good - we're ready to order the final PCBs!

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

NASA Demonstrates ‘Ultra-Cool’ Quantum Sensor for First Time in Space

Future space missions could use quantum technology to track water on Earth, explore the composition of moons and other planets, or probe mysterious cosmic phenomena.

NASA’s Cold Atom Lab, a first-of-its-kind facility aboard the International Space Station, has taken another step toward revolutionizing how quantum science can be used in space. Members of the science team measured subtle vibrations of the space station with one of the lab’s onboard tools — the first time ultra-cold atoms have been employed to detect changes in the surrounding environment in space.

The study, which appeared in Nature Communications on Aug. 13, also reports the longest demonstration of the wave-like nature of atoms in freefall in space.

The Cold Atom Lab science team made their measurements with a quantum tool called an atom interferometer, which can precisely measure gravity, magnetic fields, and other forces. Scientists and engineers on Earth use this tool to study the fundamental nature of gravity and advance technologies that aid aircraft and ship navigation. (Cell phones, transistors, and GPS are just a few other major technologies based on quantum science but do not involve atom interferometry.)

Physicists have been eager to apply atom interferometry in space because the microgravity there allows longer measurement times and greater instrument sensitivity, but the exquisitely sensitive equipment has been considered too fragile to function for extended periods without hands-on assistance. The Cold Atom Lab, which is operated remotely from Earth, has now shown it’s possible.

“Reaching this milestone was incredibly challenging, and our success was not always a given,” said Jason Williams, the Cold Atom Lab project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “It took dedication and a sense of adventure by the team to make this happen.”

Power of Precision

Space-based sensors that can measure gravity with high precision have a wide range of potential applications. For instance, they could reveal the composition of planets and moons in our solar system, because different materials have different densities that create subtle variations in gravity.

This type of measurement is already being performed by the U.S.-German collaboration GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-on), which detects slight changes in gravity to track the movement of water and ice on Earth. An atom interferometer could provide additional precision and stability, revealing more detail about surface mass changes.

Precise measurements of gravity could also offer insights into the nature of dark matter and dark energy, two major cosmological mysteries. Dark matter is an invisible substance five times more common in the universe than the “regular” matter that composes planets, stars, and everything else we can see. Dark energy is the name given to the unknown driver of the universe’s accelerating expansion.

“Atom interferometry could also be used to test Einstein’s theory of general relativity in new ways,” said University of Virginia professor Cass Sackett, a Cold Atom Lab principal investigator and co-author of the new study. “This is the basic theory explaining the large-scale structure of our universe, and we know that there are aspects of the theory that we don’t understand correctly. This technology may help us fill in those gaps and give us a more complete picture of the reality we inhabit.”

A Portable Lab

About the size of a minifridge, the Cold Atom Lab launched to the space station in 2018 with the goal of advancing quantum science by putting a long-term facility in the microgravity environment of low Earth orbit. The lab cools atoms to almost absolute zero, or minus 459 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 273 degrees Celsius). At this temperature, some atoms can form a Bose-Einstein condensate, a state of matter in which all atoms essentially share the same quantum identity. As a result, some of the atoms’ typically microscopic quantum properties become macroscopic, making them easier to study.

Quantum properties include sometimes acting like solid particles and sometimes like waves. Scientists don’t know how these building blocks of all matter can transition between such different physical behaviors, but they’re using quantum technology like what’s available on the Cold Atom Lab to seek answers.

In microgravity, Bose-Einstein condensates can reach colder temperatures and exist for longer, giving scientists more opportunities to study them. The atom interferometer is among several tools in the facility enabling precision measurements by harnessing the quantum nature of atoms.

Due to its wave-like behavior, a single atom can simultaneously travel two physically separate paths. If gravity or other forces are acting on those waves, scientists can measure that influence by observing how the waves recombine and interact.

“I expect that space-based atom interferometry will lead to exciting new discoveries and fantastic quantum technologies impacting everyday life, and will transport us into a quantum future,” said Nick Bigelow, a professor at University of Rochester in New York and Cold Atom Lab principal investigator for a consortium of U.S. and German scientists who co-authored the study.

More About the Mission

A division of Caltech in Pasadena, JPL designed and built Cold Atom Lab, which is sponsored by the Biological and Physical Sciences (BPS) division of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate at the agency’s headquarters in Washington. BPS pioneers scientific discovery and enables exploration by using space environments to conduct investigations that are not possible on Earth. Studying biological and physical phenomena under extreme conditions allows researchers to advance the fundamental scientific knowledge required to go farther and stay longer in space, while also benefitting life on Earth. 

IMAGE: NASA’s Cold Atom Lab, shown where it’s installed aboard the International Space Station, recently demonstrated the use of a tool called an atom interferometer that can precisely measure gravity and other forces — and has many potential applications in space. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

[taperwolf]

So on the MidCentury Modular "Dividers" build, I'm looking at the circuit and noticing that the resistors on the LEDs are bigger than I'd expect, especially for blue LEDs: 10kΩ each on a 5V supply, when I've been used to using roughly 330Ω for red LEDs, which generally have a much lower forward voltage.

(Pictured is an example of the outputs with LED drivers. According to the design docs, the output jack should be getting ≈4.5V when the base of the transistor goes low, since the collector resistor and the LED resistor form a voltage divider.)

Now, the specific LEDs in the Bill of Materials are noted in reviews as being particularly bright. Unfortunately, I made the decision to source different 3mm blue LEDs, so now I'm worried about them not getting enough current to light properly.

The obvious thing to do is to test one of the LEDs in a breadboard setup made to duplicate the circuit's conditions with the transistor NOT and all, checking that the LED brightness is good and the output level is enough to read as a gate to subsequent modules. If either of those isn't the case, I can simply adjust the values of R1 and R3 to suit my needs, and propagate those changes to the other 15 LEDs.

But I'm not getting the LEDs in the mail until Monday, and I'm getting the PCBs today, and I already have all the resistors right here, and I'm basically going to have to exhibit patience so as to not populate everything on the board right away.

And remember, I have no patience.